Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
  • A61F13/0269—Tapes for dressing attachment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
  • A61F13/0246—Adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the skin-adhering layer
  • A61F13/0253—Adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the skin-adhering layer characterized by the adhesive material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/29—Laminated material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
  • C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C09J7/385—Acrylic polymers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
  • A61F2013/00365—Plasters use
  • A61F2013/00412—Plasters use for use with needles, tubes or catheters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
  • A61F2013/00361—Plasters
  • A61F2013/00846—Plasters with transparent or translucent part
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
  • C09J2301/312—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier parameters being the characterizing feature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
  • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
  • C09J2400/26—Presence of textile or fabric
  • C09J2400/263—Presence of textile or fabric in the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2483/00—Presence of polysiloxane

Definitions

• This disclosure relates to tapes, especially tapes for medical uses that are optically transparent and remain transparent even when over-taped.
• adhesive articles are used in medical applications. These adhesive articles include gels used to attach electrodes and other sensing devices to the skin of a patient, a wide range of tapes to secure medical devices to a patient, and adhesive dressings used to cover and protect wounds.
• Pressure sensitive adhesives are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art to possess certain properties at room temperature including the following: (1) aggressive and permanent tack, (2) adherence with no more than finger pressure, (3) sufficient ability to hold onto an adherend, and (4) sufficient cohesive strength to be removed cleanly from the adherend.
• Materials that have been found to function well as pressure sensitive adhesives are polymers designed and formulated to exhibit the requisite viscoelastic properties resulting in a desired balance of tack, peel adhesion, and shear strength.
• the most commonly used polymers for preparation of pressure sensitive adhesives are natural rubber, synthetic rubbers (e.g., styrene/butadiene copolymers (SBR) and styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS) block copolymers), various (meth)acrylate (e.g., acrylate and methacrylate) copolymers, and silicones.
• synthetic rubbers e.g., styrene/butadiene copolymers (SBR) and styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS) block copolymers
• various (meth)acrylate e.g., acrylate and methacrylate copolymers
• silicones e.g., siliconestyrene/butadiene copolymers (SBR) and styrene/isoprene/styrene (SIS) block copolymers
• silicones e.g.,
• the tape comprises an optically transparent tape backing with a first major surface and a second major surface, and an optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer with a first major surface and a second major surface, where at least a portion of the second major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive layer is adjacent to at least a portion of the first major surface of the optically transparent tape backing.
• the tape is optically transparent and has a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of at least 250 g/m 2 /24 hrs/37°C/100-10% RH using the inverted cup method.
• the tape is capable of forming an optically transparent multi-layer tape stack comprising at least 2 layers of tape.
• multi-layer articles comprising a substrate surface, typically mammalian skin, and a multi-layer tape stack disposed on the substrate surface, where the multi-layer tape stack comprises at least 2 layers of the optically transparent tape described above.
• the multi-layer tape stack is optically transparent.
• the method comprises providing a substrate surface comprising mammalian skin, providing a medical device to be adhered to the mammalian skin, placing the medical device adjacent to substrate surface, contacting a first portion of the optically transparent tape described above to the medical device and to a portion of the substrate surface, and contacting a second portion of the optically transparent tape to the first portion of optically transparent tape, to form a tape stack of optically transparent tape, wherein the tape stack is optically transparent.
• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tape article of this disclosure.
• Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-layer tape stack article of this disclosure.
• Figure 3 is a top view of a multi-layer tape stack article of this disclosure.
• Figure 4 is cross-sectional view of a reinforced tape article of this disclosure.
• Figure 5 is a top view of a reinforcing web layer of this disclosure.
• Figure 6 is a top view of another reinforcing web layer of this disclosure.
• Examples include holding a patient to an operating or treatment table, covering a part of a patient such as holding eyes closed during surgery, or immobilizing a hand during surgery to the hand, or to overlay a wound closure, not as a wound dressing but to hold the wound closed especially when the wound is closed with staples or sutures.
• Medical adhesives have a wide array of desired properties. Among these properties are the typical adhesive requisites of sufficient peel adhesion and shear holding power, as well as flexibility so as to bend with the body, a high moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and low medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI).
• MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate
• MARSI medical adhesive-related skin injury
• MVTR is a measure of the passage of water vapor through a substance or barrier. Because perspiration naturally occurs on the skin, if the MVTR of a material or adhesive system is low, this can result in moisture accumulation between the skin and the adhesive that can cause the adhesive to “float off’ or peel away and also can promote other detrimental effects such as bacterial growth and skin irritation. Therefore, much work has focused upon the development of adhesive systems that have a high MVTR.
• MERSI Medical adhesive-related skin injury
• Skin Injury occurs when the superficial layers of the skin are removed along with the medical adhesive product, which not only affects skin integrity but can cause pain and the risk of infection, increase wound size, and delay healing, all of which reduce patients’ quality of life.
• Medical adhesive tape can be simply defined as a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a backing that acts as a carrier for the adhesive.
• the US Food and Drug Administration more specifically defines a medical adhesive tape or adhesive bandage as “a device intended for medical purposes that consists of a strip of fabric material or plastic, coated on one side with an adhesive, and may include a pad of surgical dressing without a disinfectant. The device is used to cover and protect wounds, to hold together the skin edges of a wound, to support an injured part of the body, or to secure objects to the skin.”
• optical properties such as optical transparency to permit one to see through the adhesive article.
• optical properties of medical adhesive tapes have become more important.
• substantially contact transparent is used to describe their articles and meaning that when adhered to a patient’s skin, a wound or catheter site can be visually monitored through those portions of the backing and pressure sensitive adhesive or adhesives in contact with the patient’s skin without requiring removal of the dressing.
• over-taping can have on the properties of the tape. These issues come about because frequently one wishes to over-tape the medical tape. By this it is meant that more than one layer of tape is applied, where the second layer is adhered to at least a portion of the backside of the first layer of tape.
• the over-taping may involve the second tape layer directly covering the first tape layer, or it may be in a variety of patterns such as an X- shape where the center of the X is attached to a medical device that is desired to be secured to the patient. Even if each tape has some level of transparency, upon over-taping the transparency can be lost.
• optical properties are affected.
• One effect is that the multi-layer articles are thicker and therefore the absorption and light scattering caused by the single layer of tape is increased when another layer of tape is added to form the multi-layer article.
• Optical properties in multi-layer articles are further complicated because with each added layer, a new interface is generated. Whenever an interface is present the possibility of optical interference is present. A frequent issue is refraction when a visible light ray encounters the interface, when the materials that form the interface have different indices of refraction. This phenomenon is described by Snell’s Law. A commonly observed example of this phenomenon is encountered by the air/water interface. If one places an object, like a canoe paddle in the water, the paddle appears to be bent, as a result of the refraction of visible light. It is generally suitable to select materials that have refractive indices that are similar such that there is not a large difference in refractive indices at the interface between layers.
• Over-taped articles comprising a substrate surface, such as mammalian skin, and a multi-layer article disposed on the substrate surface where the multi-layer article comprises over-taped layers. Also disclosed are methods of adhering a medical device to a substrate surface by over-taping.
• adheresive refers to polymeric compositions useful to adhere together two adherends.
• adhesives are pressure sensitive adhesives and gel adhesives.
• Pressure sensitive adhesive compositions are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art to possess properties including the following: (1) aggressive and permanent tack, (2) adherence with no more than finger pressure, (3) sufficient ability to hold onto an adherend, and (4) sufficient cohesive strength to be cleanly removable from the adherend.
• Materials that have been found to function well as pressure sensitive adhesives are polymers designed and formulated to exhibit the requisite viscoelastic properties resulting in a desired balance of tack, peel adhesion, and shear holding power. Obtaining the proper balance of properties is not a simple process.
• gel adhesive refers to a tacky semi-solid crosslinked matrix containing a liquid or a fluid that is capable of adhering to one or more substrates.
• the gel adhesives may have some properties in common with pressure sensitive adhesives, but they are not pressure sensitive adhesives.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• room temperature refers to ambient temperature, generally 20-22°C, unless otherwise noted.
• (meth)acrylate refers to monomeric acrylic or methacrylic esters of alcohols. Acrylate and methacrylate monomers or oligomers are referred to collectively herein as "(meth)acrylates”. Polymers described as “(meth)acrylate-based” are polymers or copolymers prepared primarily (greater than 50% by weight) from (meth)acrylate monomers and may include additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
• silicone-based refers to polymers or units of polymers that contain siloxane units.
• silicone or siloxane are used interchangeably and refer to units with dialkyl or diaryl siloxane (-SiR?0-) repeating units.
• adjacent as used herein when referring to two layers means that the two layers are in proximity with one another with no intervening open space between them. They may be in direct contact with one another (e.g. laminated together) or there may be intervening layers.
• polymer and “macromolecule” are used herein consistent with their common usage in chemistry. Polymers and macromolecules are composed of many repeated subunits. As used herein, the term “macromolecule” is used to describe a group attached to a monomer that has multiple repeating units. The term “polymer” is used to describe the resultant material formed from a polymerization reaction.
• alkyl refers to a monovalent group that is a radical of an alkane, which is a saturated hydrocarbon.
• the alkyl can be linear, branched, cyclic, or combinations thereof and typically has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, and ethylhexyl.
• aryl refers to a monovalent group that is aromatic and carbocyclic.
• the aryl can have one to five rings that are connected to or fused to the aromatic ring.
• the other ring structures can be aromatic, non-aromatic, or combinations thereof.
• Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, anthryl, naphthyl, acenaphthyl, anthraquinonyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, pyrenyl, perylenyl, and fluorenyl.
• alkylene refers to a divalent group that is a radical of an alkane.
• the alkylene can be straight-chained, branched, cyclic, or combinations thereof.
• the alkylene often has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the alkylene contains 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the radical centers of the alkylene can be on the same carbon atom (i.e., an alkylidene) or on different carbon atoms.
• arylene refers to a divalent group that is carbocyclic and aromatic.
• the group has one to five rings that are connected, fused, or combinations thereof.
• the other rings can be aromatic, non-aromatic, or combinations thereof.
• the arylene group has up to 5 rings, up to 4 rings, up to 3 rings, up to 2 rings, or one aromatic ring.
• the arylene group can be phenylene.
• aralkylene refers to a divalent group of formula -R a - Ar a - where R a is an alkylene and Ar a is an arylene (i.e., an alkylene is bonded to an arylene).
• heteroalkylene refers to a divalent group that includes at least two alkylene groups connected by a thio, oxy, or -NR- where R is alkyl.
• the heteroalkylene can be linear, branched, cyclic, substituted with alkyl groups, or combinations thereof.
• Some heteroalkylenes are poloxyyalkylenes where the heteroatom is oxygen such as for example,
• optically transparent tapes comprising an optically transparent tape backing with a first major surface and a second major surface and an optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer with a first major surface and a second major surface, wherein at least a portion of the second major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer is adjacent to at least a portion of the first major surface of the optically transparent tape backing.
• the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive is disposed on the optically transparent tape backing.
• the tape has a range of desirable properties, being flexible, being optically transparent, has a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of at least 250 g/m 2 /24 hrs/37°C/100-10% RH using the inverted cup method, and is capable of forming an optically transparent multi- layer tape stack comprising at least 2 layers of tape.
• the tape stack is formed by over- taping the optically transparent tape with another second piece of the optically transparent tape.
• the over-taping may involve over-taping a portion of the surface of the first tape or it may comprise over-taping the entire surface of the first tape.
• optically transparent refers to an article, film, or adhesive that one can view an object through with the naked eye without the object being distorted or obscured.
• the current tapes are optically transparent, meaning, in general, that they have a % Transmission (%T) over at least a portion of the visible light spectrum (about 400 to about 700 nm) of at least 85%, a haze of less than 40%, and clarity of at least 50%. What was discovered is that the tapes of the current disclosure retain their optical properties upon over-taping.
• the tapes retain their transparency such that a two-layer stack while having a lower % Transmission, a higher haze and a lower clarity than a single layer of the tape, the properties are such that it is possible to clearly view through the two layers of tape.
• the two-layer stack has a %T of at least 80%, a haze of less than 70%, and a clarity of at least 30%.
• optical properties in general terms the optical properties can be described in the following general terms:
• % Transmission is a measure of the amount of light transmitted, i.e. to the ratio of the incident light to the output light for an optical object.
• Haze is the measurement of wide-angle scattering and causes a loss of contrast or a milky appearance.
• Clarity is the measure of narrow-angle scattering and causes the detail of an object to be compromised when viewing it though the substrate. Clarity is also distance-dependent, which means that the farther the object is being viewed through the substrate, the worse its detail becomes.
• the tape stack may comprise more than 2 layers of optically transparent tape. In some embodiments, the tape stack comprises 3 layers of optically transparent tape, 4 layers so of optically transparent tape or even more.
• Moisture vapor transmission rate can be measured in a variety of ways.
• the optically transparent tape transmits moisture vapor at a rate of at least 250 g/m 2 /24 hrs/37°C/100-10% RH, more desirably at least 700 g/m 2 /24 hrs/37°C/100-10% RH, and most desirably at least 2000 g/m 2 /24 hrs/37°C/100-10% RH using the inverted cup method as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,595,001.
• the backing is typically a thin-film material (single layer or multilayer).
• the thin film material provides resistance against incoming water and contaminants and has a high moisture vapor permeability to allow moisture vapor from the underlying skin to exit.
• a suitable material is a high moisture vapor permeable film such as described in US Patent Nos. 3,645,835 and 4,595,001 which describe methods of making such films and methods for testing their permeability.
• the backing is generally flexible, meaning that it is conformable to anatomical surfaces. As such, when applied to an anatomical surface, it conforms to the surface even when the surface is moved and can stretch and retract.
• the backing is an elastomeric polyolefin, polyurethane, polyester, or polyether block amide film. These films combine the desirable properties of resiliency, high moisture vapor permeability, and transparency.
• a material suitable for the backing is in 3M TEGADERM IV Dressings available from 3M Company.
• Other suitable materials include polyesters such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and BOPP (biaxially oriented polypropylene).
• An example of a BOPP film is SBOPP (simultaneous biaxially orientated polypropylene) formed as described in US Patent Publication No. 2004/0184150.
• the backing is partially perforated to enhance MVTR.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive used in the optically transparent tapes of the current disclosure also has a variety of desirable properties.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive comprises a (meth)acrylate-based or silicone-based pressure sensitive adhesive, or an adhesive that is a combination of a (meth)acrylate-based and silicone- based pressure sensitive adhesive.
• it can comprise a silicone-based gel adhesive.
• the combination to the pressure sensitive adhesive with the backing to form the tape the tape transmits moisture vapor at a rate greater to or equal to that of human skin.
• Particularly suitable (meth)acrylate-based pressure sensitive adhesives include copolymers derived from: (A) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer (i.e., alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate monomer); and (B) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated free-radically copolymerizable reinforcing monomer.
• the reinforcing monomer has a homopolymer glass transition temperature (Tg) higher than that of the alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer and is one that increases the glass transition temperature and cohesive strength of the resultant copolymer.
• Tg homopolymer glass transition temperature
• copolymer refers to polymers containing two or more different monomers, including terpolymers, tetrapolymers, etc.
• Monomer A which is a monoethylenically unsaturated alkyl acrylate or methacrylate (i.e., (meth)acrylic acid ester), contributes to the flexibility and tack of the copolymer.
• monomer A has a homopolymer Tg of no greater than about 0°C.
• the alkyl group of the (meth)acrylate has an average of about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, or an average of about 4 to about 14 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group can optionally contain oxygen atoms in the chain thereby forming ethers or alkoxy ethers, for example.
• Examples of monomer A include, but are not limited to, 2-methylbutyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 4- methyl-2-pentyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, and isononyl acrylate.
• Suitable monoethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylates that can be used as monomer A include isooctyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, and n- butyl acrylate. Combinations of various monomers categorized as an A monomer can be used to make the copolymer.
• Monomer B which is a monoethylenically unsaturated free- radically copolymerizable reinforcing monomer, increases the glass transition temperature and cohesive strength of the copolymer.
• monomer B has a homopolymer Tg of at least about 10°C.
• monomer B is a reinforcing (meth)acrylic monomer, including an acrylic acid, a methacrylic acid, an acrylamide, or a (meth)acrylate.
• Examples of monomer B include, but are not limited to, acrylamides, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-ethyl acrylamide, N- hydroxyethyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N, N-diethyl acrylamide, N-ethyl -N- aminoethyl acrylamide, N-ethyl-N- hydroxyethyl acrylamide, N,N-dihydroxyethyl acrylamide, t-butyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide, and N-octyl acrylamide.
• acrylamides such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-ethyl acrylamide, N- hydroxyethyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N, N-diethyl
• monomer B examples include itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, 2,2-(diethoxy)ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate or methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2- (phenoxy)ethyl acrylate or methacrylate, biphenylyl acrylate, t-butylphenyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, dimethyladamantyl acrylate, 2-naphthyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, N- vinyl formamide, N-vinyl acetamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and N-vinyl caprolactam.
• Particularly suitable reinforcing acrylic monomers that can be used as monomer B include acrylic acid and acrylamide. Combinations of various reinforcing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers categorized as a B monomer can be used to make the copolymer.
• the (meth)acrylate copolymer is formulated to have a resultant Tg of less than about 0°C and more typically, less than about -10°C.
• Such (meth)acrylate copolymers generally include about 60 parts to about 98 parts per hundred of at least one monomer A and about 2 parts to about 40 parts per hundred of at least one monomer B. In some embodiments, the (meth)acrylate copolymers have about 85 parts to about 98 parts per hundred or at least one monomer A and about 2 parts to about 15 parts of at least one monomer B.
• Suitable (meth)acry late-based pressure sensitive adhesives that can be applied to skin are described in U.S. Patent No. RE 24,906.
• a 97:3 iso-octyl acrylate: acrylamide copolymer adhesive can be used or a 70:15:15 isooctyl acrylate: ethyleneoxide acrylate: acrylic acid terpolymer, as described in US Patent No. 4,737,410.
• Other useful adhesives are described in US Patent Nos. 3,389,827, 4,112,213, 4,310,509, and 4,323,557.
• siloxane-based adhesives Another class of suitable pressure sensitive adhesive is siloxane-based adhesives.
• the terms “silicone” and siloxane” are used interchangeably herein.
• Siloxane-based pressure sensitive adhesives include, for example, those described in US Patent Nos. 5,527,578 and 5,858,545; and PCT Publication No. WO 00/02966. Specific examples include polydiorganosiloxane polyurea copolymers and blends thereof, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,007,914, and polysiloxane-polyalkylene block copolymers.
• siloxane pressure sensitive adhesives include those formed from silanols, silicone hydrides, siloxanes, epoxides, and (meth)acrylates.
• siloxane pressure sensitive adhesive is prepared from (meth)acrylate-functional siloxanes, the adhesive is sometimes referred to as a siloxane (meth)acrylate.
• the siloxane-based adhesive compositions comprise at least one siloxane elastomeric polymer and may contain other components such as tackifying resins.
• the elastomeric polymers include for example, urea-based siloxane copolymers, oxamide- based siloxane copolymers, amide-based siloxane copolymers, urethane-based siloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
• Silicone polyurea block copolymers include the reaction product of a polydiorganosiloxane diamine (also referred to as a silicone diamine), a diisocyanate, and optionally an organic polyamine.
• Useful silicone polyurea block copolymers are disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 5,512,650, 5,214,119, 5,461,134, and 7,153,924 and PCT Publication Nos. WO 96/35458, WO 98/17726, WO 96/34028, WO 96/34030 and WO 97/40103.
• silicone elastomeric polymers are oxamide-based polymers such as polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide block copolymers.
• polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide block copolymers are presented, for example, in US Patent Publication No. 2007-0148475.
• the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide block copolymer contains at least two repeat units of Formula II.
• each R 1 is independently an alkyl, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aryl substituted with an alkyl, alkoxy, or halo, wherein at least 50 percent of the R 1 groups are methyl.
• Each Y is independently an alkylene, aralkylene, or a combination thereof.
• Subscript n is independently an integer of 40 to 1500 and the subscript p is an integer of 1 to 10.
• Group G is a divalent group that is the residue unit that is equal to a diamine of formula R 3 HN-G-NHR 3 minus the two -NHR 3 groups.
• Group R 3 is hydrogen or alkyl (e.g., an alkyl having 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms) or R 3 taken together with G and with the nitrogen to which they are both attached forms a heterocyclic group (e.g., R 3 HN-G-NHR 3 is piperazine or the like).
• Each asterisk (*) indicates a site of attachment of the repeat unit to another group in the copolymer such as, for example, another repeat unit of Formula II.
• Suitable alkyl groups for R 1 in Formula II typically have 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, and iso-butyl.
• Suitable haloalkyl groups for R 1 often have only a portion of the hydrogen atoms of the corresponding alkyl group replaced with a halogen.
• Exemplary haloalkyl groups include chloroalkyl and fluoroalkyl groups with 1 to 3 halo atoms and 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Suitable alkenyl groups for R 1 often have 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary alkenyl groups often have 2 to 8, 2 to 6, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethenyl, n-propenyl, and n-butenyl.
• Suitable aryl groups for R 1 often have 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• Phenyl is an exemplary aryl group.
• the aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl (e.g., an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), an alkoxy (e.g., an alkoxy having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), or halo (e.g., chloro, bromo, or fluoro).
• Suitable aralkyl groups for R 1 usually have an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• the aryl group is phenyl and the alkylene group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., the structure of the aralkyl is alkylene-phenyl where an alkylene is bonded to a phenyl group).
• At least 50 percent of the R 1 groups are methyl.
• at least 60 percent, at least 70 percent, at least 80 percent, at least 90 percent, at least 95 percent, at least 98 percent, or at least 99 percent of the R 1 groups can be methyl.
• the remaining R 1 groups can be selected from an alkyl having at least two carbon atoms, haloalkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aryl substituted with an alkyl, alkoxy, or halo.
• Each Y in Formula II is independently an alkylene, aralkylene, or a combination thereof.
• Suitable alkylene groups typically have up to 10 carbon atoms, up to 8 carbon atoms, up to 6 carbon atoms, or up to 4 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary alkylene groups include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, and the like.
• Suitable aralkylene groups usually have an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms bonded to an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In some exemplary aralkylene groups, the arylene portion is phenylene.
• the divalent aralkylene group is phenylene-alkylene where the phenylene is bonded to an alkylene having 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• a combination thereof refers to a combination of two or more groups selected from an alkylene and aralkylene group.
• a combination can be, for example, a single aralkylene bonded to a single alkylene (e.g., alkylene- arylene-alkylene).
• the arylene is phenylene and each alkylene has 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Each subscript n in Formula II is independently an integer of 40 to 1500.
• subscript n can be an integer up to 1000, up to 500, up to 400, up to 300, up to 200, up to 100, up to 80, or up to 60.
• the value of n is often at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, or at least 55.
• subscript n can be in the range of 40 to 1000, 40 to 500, 50 to 500, 50 to 400, 50 to 300, 50 to 200, 50 tolOO, 50 to 80, or 50 to 60.
• the subscript p is an integer of 1 to 10.
• the value of p is often an integer up to 9, up to 8, up to 7, up to 6, up to 5, up to 4, up to 3, or up to 2.
• the value of p can be in the range of 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4.
• Group G in Formula II is a residual unit that is equal to a diamine compound of formula R 3 HN-G-NHR 3 minus the two amino groups (i.e., -NHR 3 groups).
• Group R 3 is hydrogen or alkyl (e.g., an alkyl having 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms) or R 3 taken together with G and with the nitrogen to which they are both attached forms a heterocyclic group (e.g., R 3 HN-G-NHR 3 is piperazine).
• the diamine can have primary or secondary amino groups.
• R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl.
• both of the amino groups of the diamine are primary amino groups (i.e., both R 3 groups are hydrogen) and the diamine is of formula H 2 N-G-N H 2 .
• G is an alkylene, heteroalkylene, polydiorganosiloxane, arylene, aralkylene, or a combination thereof.
• Suitable alkylenes often have 2 to 10, 2 to 6, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Exemplary alkylene groups include ethylene, propylene, butylene, and the like.
• Suitable heteroalkylenes are often polyoxyalkylenes such as polyoxyethylene having at least 2 ethylene units, polyoxypropylene having at least 2 propylene units, or copolymers thereof.
• Suitable polydiorganosiloxanes include the polydiorganosiloxane diamines of Formula II, which are described above, minus the two amino groups.
• Exemplary polydiorganosiloxanes include, but are not limited to, polydimethylsiloxanes with alkylene Y groups.
• Suitable aralkylene groups usually contain an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms bonded to an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Some exemplary aralkylene groups are phenyl ene-alkylene where the phenylene is bonded to an alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• a combination thereof refers to a combination of two or more groups selected from an alkylene, heteroalkylene, polydiorganosiloxane, arylene, and aralkylene.
• a combination can be, for example, an aralkylene bonded to an alkylene (e.g., alkylene-arylene-alkylene).
• the arylene is phenylene and each alkylene has 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide tends to be free of groups having a formula -R a -(CO)-NH- where R a is an alkylene. All of the carbonylamino groups along the backbone of the copolymeric material are part of an oxalylamino group (i.e., the - (CO)-(CO)-NH- group). That is, any carbonyl group along the backbone of the copolymeric material is bonded to another carbonyl group and is part of an oxalyl group. More specifically, the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide has a plurality of aminoxalylamino groups.
• the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide is a linear, block copolymer and is an elastomeric material. Unlike many of the known polydiorganosiloxane polyamides that are generally formulated as brittle solids or hard plastics, the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamides can be formulated to include greater than 50 weight percent polydiorganosiloxane segments based on the weight of the copolymer.
• the weight percent of the diorganosiloxane in the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamides can be increased by using higher molecular weight polydiorganosiloxanes segments to provide greater than 60 weight percent, greater than 70 weight percent, greater than 80 weight percent, greater than 90 weight percent, greater than 95 weight percent, or greater than 98 weight percent of the polydiorganosiloxane segments in the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamides. Higher amounts of the polydiorganosiloxane can be used to prepare elastomeric materials with lower modulus while maintaining reasonable strength.
• Some of the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamides can be heated to a temperature up to 200 °C, up to 225 °C, up to 250 °C, up to 275 °C, or up to 300 °C without noticeable degradation of the material.
• the copolymers when heated in a thermogravimetric analyzer in the presence of air, the copolymers often have less than a 10 percent weight loss when scanned at a rate 50 °C per minute in the range of 20 °C to about 350 °C.
• the copolymers can often be heated at a temperature such as 250 °C for 1 hour in air without apparent degradation as determined by no detectable loss of mechanical strength upon cooling.
• the polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide copolymers have many of the desirable features of polysiloxanes such as low glass transition temperatures, thermal and oxidative stability, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, low surface energy and hydrophobicity, and high permeability to many gases. Additionally, the copolymers exhibit good to excellent mechanical strength.
• amide-based silicone polymers Another useful class of silicone elastomeric polymer is amide-based silicone polymers. Such polymers are similar to the urea-based polymers, containing amide linkages (-N(D)-C(O)-) instead of urea linkages (-N(D)-C(O)-N(D)-), where C(O) represents a carbonyl group and D is a hydrogen or alkyl group.
• Such polymers may be prepared in a variety of different ways.
• the amide-based polymer can be prepared by reaction with a poly-carboxylic acid or a poly-carboxylic acid derivative such as, for example di-esters.
• an amide-based silicone elastomer is prepared by the reaction of a polydiorganosiloxane diamine and di-methyl salicylate of adipic acid.
• Silicone carboxylic acid esters can be prepared through the hydrosilation reaction of a silicone hydride (i.e. a silicone terminated with a silicon-hydride (Si-H) bonds) and an ethylenically unsaturated ester.
• a silicone hydride i.e. a silicone terminated with a silicon-hydride (Si-H) bonds
• Si-H silicon-hydride
• the -C(O)-OR group is a carboxylic acid derivative which can be reacted with a silicone diamine, a polyamine or a combination thereof.
• Suitable silicone diamines and polyamines have been discussed above and include aliphatic, aromatic or oligomeric diamines (such as ethylene diamine, phenylene diamine, xylylene diamine, polyoxalkylene diamines, etc).
• Silicone polyurea- urethane block copolymers include the reaction product of a polydiorganosiloxane diamine (also referred to as silicone diamine), a diisocyanate, and an organic polyol.
• a polydiorganosiloxane diamine also referred to as silicone diamine
• a diisocyanate also referred to as silicone diamine
• organic polyol such materials are structurally very similar to the structure of Formula I except that the -N(D)- B-N(D)- links are replaced by -O-B-O- links. Examples are such polymers are presented, for example, in US Patent No. 5,214,119.
• urethane-based silicone polymers are prepared in the same fashion as the urea-based silicone polymers except that an organic polyol is substituted for an organic polyamine.
• a catalyst such as a tin catalyst commonly used in polyurethane chemistry, is used.
• siloxane-based pressure sensitive adhesive layers include those that include polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide copolymers prepared by the methods described in US Patent No. 8,765,881 (Hays et al.). This method includes providing an oxalylamino-containing compound and then reacting the oxalylamino- containing compound with a silicone-based amine.
• the oxalylamino-containing compound is of Formula III.
• Each R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl.
• Each R 5 is an alkyl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl.
• Each R 2 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or part of a heterocyclic group that includes Q and the nitrogen to which R 2 is attached.
• Group Q is (a) an alkylene, (b) arylene, (c) a carbonylamino group linking a first group to a second group, wherein the first group and the second group are each independently an alkylene, arylene, or a combination thereof,
• the variable p is an integer equal to at least 1.
• the silicone- based amine that is reacted with the oxalylamino-containing compound has a polydiorganosiloxane segment and at least two primary amino groups, at least two secondary amino groups, or at least one primary amino group plus at least one secondary amino group.
• the resulting polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide copolymers have the same general formula as Formula II above, where the G groups in Formula II correspond to Q groups in Formula III.
• siloxane-based adhesives are those developed to be gentle to the skin.
• a variety of gentle-to-skin articles and dressings that use gentle-to-skin adhesives have been described.
• a gentle-to-skin adhesive is described in US Patent Publication No. 2011/0212325 (Determan et al.) which describes an electron beam and gamma radiation crosslinked silicone gel adhesive that may use either nonfunctional or functional poly diorganosiloxanes.
• These adhesives are gel adhesives that comprise a crosslinked matrix and siloxane fluid.
• the siloxane-based pressure sensitive adhesive further comprises a siloxane tackifying resin.
• Siloxane tackifying resins have in the past been referred to as “silicate” tackifying resins, but that nomenclature has been replaced with the term “siloxane tackifying resin”.
• the siloxane tackifying resins are added in sufficient quantity to achieve the desired tackiness and level of adhesion.
• a plurality of siloxane tackifying resins can be used to achieve desired performance.
• Suitable siloxane tackifying resins include those resins composed of the following structural units M (i.e., monovalent R'3 Si O 1 /2 units), D (i.e., divalent R'2SiO 2/2 units), T
• Typical exemplary siloxane resins include MQ siloxane tackifying resins, MQ siloxane tackifying resins are copolymeric resins where each M unit is bonded to a Q unit, and each Q unit is bonded to at least one other Q unit. Some of the Q units are bonded to only other Q units. However, some Q units are bonded to hydroxyl radicals resulting in HOS1O3/2 units (i.e., "T OH " units), thereby accounting for some silicon-bonded hydroxyl content of the siloxane tackifying resin.
• Suitable siloxane tackifying resins are commercially available from sources such as Dow Coming (e.g., DC 2-7066), Momentive Performance Materials (e.g., SR545 and SR1000), and Wacker Chemie AG (e.g., BELSIL TMS-803).
• the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is a continuous layer, but in some embodiments the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is a discontinuous layer. In some embodiments, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is present in a pattern.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive can have a variety of thicknesses, typically the layer is from 25-100 micrometers (1-4 mils) in thickness.
• siloxane- (meth)acrylate copolymers are siloxane- (meth)acrylate copolymers.
• a wide range of siloxane-(meth)acrylate copolymers are suitable.
• the siloxane-(meth)acrylate copolymer is the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated siloxane-containing macromer, at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, and optional additional monomers.
• a particularly suitable method of preparing siloxane-(meth)acrylate copolymers is described in US Patent Publication No. 2011/0300296, which describes preparing the copolymers under essentially adiabatic polymerization conditions. Such polymerizations can be carried out without the use of solvent or with a minimum of solvent.
• siloxane-containing monomers may be used.
• a number of vinyl -functional siloxanes are commercially available.
• Particularly suitable are siloxane-containing macromers, especially ones with the general formula of Formula IV: where W is a vinyl group, A is a divalent linking group, n is zero or 1, m is an integer of from 1 to 3; R 4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or propyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl or substituted phenyl), or alkoxy, and Q is a monovalent siloxane polymeric moiety having a number average molecular weight above about 500 and is essentially unreactive under copolymerization conditions.
• W is a vinyl group
• A is a divalent linking group
• n is zero or 1
• m is an integer of from 1 to 3
• R 4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, or propy
• Such macromers are known and may be prepared by the method disclosed by Milkovich et al., as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,116 and 3,842,059.
• the preparation of poly dimethyl siloxane macromer and subsequent copolymerization with vinyl monomers have been described in several papers by Y. Yamashita et al., Polymer J. 14, 913 (1982); ACS Polymer Preprints 25 (1), 245 (1984); Makromol. Chem. 185, 9 (1984) and in US Pat. No. 4,693,935 (Mazurek).
• This method of macromer preparation involves the anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane monomer to form living polymer of controlled molecular weight, and termination is achieved via chlorosilane compounds containing a polymerizable vinyl group.
• the ethylenically unsaturated siloxane-containing monomer can be reacted with a wide range of (meth)acrylate monomers.
• (Meth)acrylate monomers have been described above.
• Suitable (meth)acrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, benzyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, decyl acrylate, 2-ethoxy ethyl acrylate, 2-ethoxy ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-hexadecyl acrylate, n-hexadecyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isodecyl meth
• the pressure sensitive adhesive may further comprise one or more optional additives, as long as the additives do not interfere with the optical or other desirable properties of the pressure sensitive adhesive layer.
• suitable additives are antimicrobial agents.
• US Patent Application Publications 2018/0280591 and 2015/0238444 disclose antimicrobial agents dispersed throughout an adhesive composition.
• chlorohexidine gluconate can be included within the pressure- sensitive acrylate adhesive to provide continuous antimicrobial activity.
• the optically transparent tape further comprises a transparent reinforcing material layer with a first major surface and a second major surface wherein the transparent reinforcing material layer is located between the transparent tape backing and the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer.
• the second major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer is in contact with the first major surface of the transparent material layer and the second major surface of the transparent material layer is in contact with at least a portion of the first major surface of the transparent tape backing.
• the reinforced tape like the tapes described above, are optically transparent.
• the reinforced transparent tape is capable of forming an optically transparent multi-layer tape stack comprising at least 2 layers of tape.
• the optically transparent reinforcing material layer is less extensible than the optically transparent backing.
• the reinforcing material layer can have a tensile strength from 100 to 300 Newtons/5 centimeters in the machine direction and from 100-300 N/5 cm in the cross-web direction.
• the reinforcing material layer can have an elongation from 20-30% in the machine direction and from 15-30% in the cross-web direction.
• the reinforcing material layer typically is flexible and conformably in the x-y plane, or in other words is drapable.
• the reinforcing material layer is a polymeric material that is thermoformable or thermoplastic. Examples of suitable materials for the reinforcing material layer include polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyolefins.
• the reinforcing material layer comprises a web of polymeric materials or a discontinuous layer comprising a polyester, or a polyolefin.
• the reinforcing material layer is a grid, wherein up to 70% of the reinforcing material is open area.
• An example of a suitable material for use as the reinforcing material layer is a cross laminated polyolefin open mesh nonwoven web.
• CLAF fabric is suitable as the reinforcing material.
• the reinforcing material layer is typically fairly thin relative to the thickness of the tape backing. Generally, the reinforcing material layer has a thickness from 100 to 300 micrometers.
• the transparent tape may also have an optional LAB coating on the backside of the optically transparent tape backing.
• a release material is often referred to as a "low adhesion backsize," or LAB.
• LAB low adhesion backsize
• the adhesive surface contacts the back surface of the article.
• the LAB prevents the adhesive from permanently adhering to the back surface of the article and allows that article to be unwound.
• a wide range of LAB coatings are suitable, depending upon the composition of the pressure sensitive adhesive, and as long as the coating does not adversely affect the optical properties of the tape article. Examples of various low adhesion backsizes are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,421,904, 4,313,988, and 4,279,717.
• multi-layer articles comprising a substrate surface, and a multi-layer tape stack disposed on the substrate surface.
• the multi-layer tape stack comprises at least 2 layers, a first layer and a second layer, of optically transparent tape.
• the optically transparent tapes are described above.
• the first layer of optically transparent tape comprises an optically transparent tape backing with a first major surface and a second major surface, and an optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer with a first major surface and a second major surface, where at least a portion of the second major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive layer is adjacent to at least a portion of the first major surface of the optically transparent tape backing.
• the tape is optically transparent and has a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of at least 250 g/m 2 /24 hrs/37°C/100-10% RH using the inverted cup method.
• MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate
• the first major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer is in contact with the substrate surface.
• the second layer of the optically transparent tape is adhered to the first layer of optically transparent tape such that the first major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer of the second layer of optically transparent tape is disposed on the second major surface of the optically transparent tape backing of the first optically transparent tape.
• the multi-layer tape stack is optically transparent.
• the substrate surface comprises mammalian skin.
• Mammalian skin is well understood in the art as the skin of the mammal, frequently a human being, to which the adhesive tape is attached.
• the mammalian skin is treated prior to attachment by shaving, clipping, washing or the like, while in other embodiments the article is attached without preparation.
• the multi-layer tape stack further comprises a third layer of the optically transparent tape adhered to the second layer of optically transparent tape such that the first major surface of the optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer of the third layer of optically transparent tape is disposed on the second major surface of the optically transparent tape backing of the second optically transparent tape, wherein the multi-layer tape stack is optically transparent. Additional layers of optically transparent tape can be added to form a multi-layer tape stack with 4, 5, or even more layers.
• the optically transparent tape can be a reinforced optically transparent tape as described above.
• the multi-layer tape stack may be used to hold a medical device in place on the substrate surface.
• the multi-layer tape stack is in contact with at least a portion of the medical device as well as to the substrate surface.
• Examples of medical devices that are held in place with tapes include drapes, tubing, catheters, ostomy appliances, and sensors. Additional uses for medical tapes include a wide variety of applications where tape is applied to the skin of a patient.
• Examples include holding a patient to an operating or treatment table, covering a part of a patient such as holding eyes closed during surgery, or immobilizing a hand during surgery to the hand, or to overlay a wound closure, not as a wound dressing but to hold the wound closed especially when the wound is closed with staples or sutures.
• the method comprises providing a substrate surface comprising mammalian skin, providing a medical device to be adhered to the mammalian skin, placing the medical device adjacent to the substrate surface, providing an optically transparent tape, contacting a first portion of the optically transparent tape to the medical device and a portion of the substrate surface, and over-taping the first portion of optically transparent tape.
• Over-taping comprises contacting a second portion of the optically transparent tape to the first portion of optically transparent tape, to form a tape stack of optically transparent tape, wherein the tape stack is optically transparent.
• the method further comprises over-taping with additional portions of optically transparent tape.
• medical devices are suitable.
• medical devices that are held in place with tapes include drapes, tubing, catheters, ostomy appliances, and sensors. Additional uses for medical tapes include a wide variety of applications where tape is applied to the skin of a patient. Examples include holding a patient to an operating or treatment table, covering a part of a patient such as holding eyes closed during surgery, or immobilizing a hand during surgery to the hand, or to overlay a wound closure, not as a wound dressing but to hold the wound closed especially when the wound is closed with staples or sutures.
• optically transparent tape used in the methods of this disclosure comprise the optically transparent tapes described above.
• the optically transparent tape comprises a reinforced optically transparent tape as described above.
• Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of optically transparent tape 100.
• Tape 100 comprises optically transparent backing layer 110 and optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer 120.
• FIG 2 shows a cross-sectional view of multi-layer tape stack 200.
• Tape stack 200 comprises two portions of optically transparent tape 100 shown in Figure 1 above in contact with each other.
• Optically transparent tape 100 comprises transparent backing layer 110 and optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer 120.
• Optically transparent tape 100’ comprises transparent backing layer 110’ and optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer 120’.
• Figure 3 shows a top view of multi-layer article 300.
• Article 300 includes medical device 340 (shown as tubing), and optically transparent tape 100 and optically transparent tape 100’ with visible backing surfaces 110 and 110’ respectively.
• Over-tape region 350 is where optically transparent tape 100’ is in contact with optically transparent tape 100.
• medical device 340 could be a wide range of medical devices, and over-tape region 350 need not be the result of a crisscross taping pattern but can encompass a broad range of over-tape regions.
• Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view reinforced optically transparent tape article 400.
• Reinforced tape 400 comprises optically transparent tape backing 410, optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer 420, and reinforcing material layer 430 located between optically transparent tape backing 410 and optically transparent pressure sensitive adhesive layer 420.
• Optically transparent reinforcing layer comprises fibers 434 and open space 406.
• Figure 5 shows a top view of optically transparent reinforcing web 500.
• Reinforcing web 500 includes interwoven optically transparent fibers 532 and 534 and open spaces 506.
• Figure 6 shows a top view of optically transparent reinforcing layer 600.
• Reinforcing layer 600 includes optically transparent film 630 and comprising a plurality of void spaces 606.
• Luminous transmission, clarity and haze were measured according to ASTM D 1003 -00 using a Gardner Haze-Guard Plus model 4725 (available from BYK-Gardner, Columbia, MD). Values reported are the average of three replicates unless noted otherwise.
• a Swiss glass microscope slide was used as a blank in the testing. One, two, and four layers of tape were tested. Each lamination (to the glass slide or tape to tape) was performed using two passes of a four-pound roller.
• Samples were cut into 2.54 cm by 2.54 cm squares. One end of the sample square was aligned and clamped to the upper jaw contact line with the sample length being perpendicular to the upper jaw, then the other end of the sample was gently aligned and clamped to the lower jaw while applying no tension to the sample. The crosshead was then started, and the test was continued until the sample ruptured or broke. The tensile strength at break and ultimate elongation at break were recorded automatically by the instrument. The reported values are the average of five replicates unless noted otherwise.
• Test samples were prepared by cutting discs having diameters of 3.8 cm from the bulk film. Each disc was placed between two foil rings with elliptical openings, thus exposing a sample surface area of 5.1 cm 2 and forming a foil/dressing/foil assembly (the “assembly”). The reported values are the average of five replicates unless noted otherwise.
• MVTR To test upright MVTR, 50 ml of deionized water was placed inside a 4-oz. jar. One or two drops of methylene blue mixture (0.17% wt/wt methylene blue aqueous solution) were added to the jar as a visual aid to detect sample leakage. An assembly was placed on the rubber washer ring over the bottle mouth with the adhesive surface of the assembly facing downward toward the interior of the jar. The jar was placed in a chamber at a temperature of 40°C ⁇ 1°C and 20% relative humidity for four hours. A sealing ring having a circular opening in its center, the opening having a diameter of 1.5 in. (3.8 cm), was tightened onto the jar mouth while the jar was inside the chamber to secure the assembly to the jar.
• methylene blue mixture 0.17% wt/wt methylene blue aqueous solution
• the jar was removed from the chamber and weighed immediately; the mass was recorded as Wi.
• the jar was returned to the chamber for a minimum of eighteen hours (the “test period”), then the jar was removed from the chamber and immediately reweighed; this mass measurement recorded as W 2.
• the upright MVTR is calculated using Formula I below: where:
• Wi is the mass of bottle before test period
• W2 is the mass of bottle after test period
• T is the test period in hours.
• Film 2 (CLAF SS 1601) is a cross laminated polyolefin open mesh nonwoven material that is available from JX Nippon ANCI, Inc. (Kennesaw, GA).
• the adhesive used was a hot melt processable (meth)acrylate PSA of isooctyl acrylate and acrylic acid (approximately 96/4 monomer ratio) prepared as described in US Patent No. 6,294,249 (Hamer et al.).
• the adhesive was extruded onto a release liner and the Film 2 nonwoven material was then applied to the adhesive.
• the adhesive was applied at a rate that provided a coating weight of 5.6 grains/24 in 2 .
• the polyurethane film used in TEGADERM was then laminated to the adhesive/Film 3 construction. Optical measurements for this tape are shown in Table 2.
• a medical-grade acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive was coated onto a release liner at a rate that provided a coating weight of about 6 grains/24 in 2 .
• the adhesive was a crosslinkable (meth)acrylate PSA of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and ABP, prepared as described in US Patent No. 5,637,646 (Ellis).
• ABP refers to a copolymerizable photoinitiator of 4-acryloxy benzophenone, prepared according to US Patent No. 4,737,559 (Kellen et al.).
• the adhesive layer was subsequently UV cured with UV dose of 52-55 mJ/cm 2 .
• Table 3 Peel and MVTR data.
• Table 4 Ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Example 2.

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