WO2021082329A1 - 一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法及鲜冬虫夏草制品 - Google Patents

一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法及鲜冬虫夏草制品 Download PDF

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WO2021082329A1
WO2021082329A1 PCT/CN2020/078927 CN2020078927W WO2021082329A1 WO 2021082329 A1 WO2021082329 A1 WO 2021082329A1 CN 2020078927 W CN2020078927 W CN 2020078927W WO 2021082329 A1 WO2021082329 A1 WO 2021082329A1
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volume
fresh
fresh cordyceps
modified atmosphere
cordyceps sinensis
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PCT/CN2020/078927
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李光荣
郑东城
张文祥
梁关海
李文佳
肖江勇
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东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司
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Publication of WO2021082329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082329A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/062Ascomycota
    • A61K36/066Clavicipitaceae
    • A61K36/068Cordyceps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B55/00Preserving, protecting or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging
    • B65B55/02Sterilising, e.g. of complete packages
    • B65B55/04Sterilising wrappers or receptacles prior to, or during, packaging
    • B65B55/08Sterilising wrappers or receptacles prior to, or during, packaging by irradiation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/04Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of processing fresh Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to an atmosphere-regulated preservation method of fresh Cordyceps sinensis and a product of fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
  • Fresh Cordyceps has a short storage period at above zero temperature. Currently, it is mostly cryopreserved at sub-zero temperature. However, cryopreservation costs too much for merchants to maintain low temperatures during transportation;
  • Chinese patent CN201710006514.1 discloses a fresh Cordyceps The fresh-keeping method, which can be stored at 0 ⁇ -10°C, can reach the fresh-keeping period of 2 months, so the frozen layer (-18°C) of the household refrigerator does not meet the fresh-keeping conditions of the fresh Cordyceps, which brings the inconvenience of low-temperature preservation;
  • Chinese patent CN 201410019134.8 discloses a method for preserving fresh Cordyceps sinensis, which can be stored at -5 ⁇ -25°C for long-term preservation of the nutrients and activities of Cordyceps sinensis, but when thawed and eaten, the insect body will become soft and taste bad. The problem shows that if it is stored in the freezing layer of a household refrigerator, it will cause problems of long
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a fresh-keeping method for fresh Cordyceps sinensis and a product of fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
  • the inventor of the present invention has discovered a method for achieving above-zero temperature preservation by adopting modified atmosphere packaging. It can solve the existing defects of various sub-zero preservation of fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a modified atmosphere preservation method of fresh Cordyceps, including:
  • the package is suitable for keeping fresh at a temperature of 0-10 degrees Celsius.
  • the modified atmosphere packaging material is pre-sterilized to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material; the sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material is used to seal and package clean fresh Cordyceps sinensis to obtain A package, the package is filled with 50-100% by volume oxygen, 0-40% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-50% by volume nitrogen; the package is suitable for keeping fresh at a temperature of 0-10 degrees Celsius.
  • the present invention provides a fresh-keeping method for fresh cordyceps.
  • the provided method uses sterilized modified atmosphere packaging materials to seal and package clean cleaned fresh cordyceps, and the obtained package is filled with 50-100% by volume oxygen, 0 -40% by volume carbon dioxide and 0-50% by volume nitrogen.
  • the package is suitable for refrigerated storage, such as preservation at 0-10 degrees Celsius, which can reduce product storage and transportation costs, facilitate customers to defrost and eat, and has a good taste and long preservation time.
  • the preservation time can reach more than 90 days, 100 days Above, even more than 105 days.
  • the above-mentioned fresh-keeping method of fresh Cordyceps may further include the following technical features:
  • the packaging is filled with 60-80% by volume oxygen, 10-20% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-30% by volume nitrogen.
  • the preservation time of the fresh Cordyceps can be significantly increased, so that the preservation time is at least 90 days, or even 105 days.
  • the amount of water vapor permeated within 24 hours is not more than 50 grams, preferably not more than 20 grams, and more preferably not more than 6 grams; Under a pressure of 0.1 MPa, the volume of oxygen permeated by the modified atmosphere packaging material per 1 square meter within 24 hours is not more than 50 cubic meters, preferably not more than 20 cubic meters, and more preferably not more than 10 cubic meters.
  • suitable modified atmosphere packaging materials can improve the preservation effect of fresh Cordyceps so that it still has a suitable taste and taste after being stored for more than 100 days.
  • the packaging volume per gram of the fresh cordyceps in the packaging is more than 20 cubic centimeters, preferably more than 30 cubic centimeters, and more preferably more than 50 cubic centimeters.
  • the preservation time of the fresh Cordyceps can be significantly increased, so that the preservation time is at least 90 days, or even 105 days.
  • the freshness period of the fresh Cordyceps is more than 90 days, preferably more than 100 days, and more preferably more than 105 days.
  • the gas pressure value in the package is 90-110 KPa.
  • the fresh Cordyceps sinensis is cleaned before being sealed and packaged, and then the fresh Cordyceps sinensis is classified according to different weight ranges; then the fresh Cordyceps of the same grade after the classification is sterilized.
  • the fresh Cordyceps is cleaned in advance according to the following methods before keeping fresh: peeling mud at 0-25°C, scrubbing with running water at 0-25°C, and then performing microscopic examination under a microscope until no foreign matter is visible to the naked eye , Clean the fresh Cordyceps sinensis on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface moisture.
  • the classification is: Class A is 0.3g ⁇ G ⁇ 0.5g, Class B is 0.5g ⁇ G ⁇ 0.7g; Class C is 0.7g ⁇ G ⁇ 0.9g; Class D is 0.9g ⁇ G ⁇ 1.1g; E grade is 1.1g ⁇ G.
  • the modified atmosphere packaging material is sterilized under ultraviolet light for 0.5-3 hours, so as to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material.
  • microorganisms on the surface of the modified atmosphere packaging material can be killed, and bacteria growth will not occur during the preservation process, which affects the preservation of fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
  • the modified atmosphere packaging material is a KPET14/PE50 modified atmosphere box.
  • the method further includes: preserving the package at a temperature of 0-10 degrees Celsius in a windless environment.
  • the package is kept fresh for more than 90 days at a temperature of 0-10 degrees Celsius and a windless environment, and the SOD enzyme activity of the fresh Cordyceps is above 3000 U.
  • the present invention provides a fresh Cordyceps sinensis product obtained by the method described in any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the fresh cordyceps product provided by the invention has a long fresh-keeping period, good taste, is suitable for long-term transportation, has low cost, and is more in line with the requirements of production and application.
  • volume % means volume percentage.
  • the package is filled with 50-100 volume% oxygen, 0-40 volume% carbon dioxide and 0-50 volume% nitrogen, which means that the package is filled with volume percentage.
  • the sub-content is: 50%-100% oxygen, 0%-40% carbon dioxide and 0%-50% nitrogen.
  • the present invention provides a method for preserving fresh Cordyceps sinensis, including: subjecting a modified atmosphere packaging material to a sterilization treatment to obtain a sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material; and using the sterilized modified atmosphere packaging material.
  • the packaging material seals and packs the cleaned fresh Cordyceps sinensis so as to obtain a package filled with 50-100% by volume oxygen, 0-40% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-50% by volume nitrogen; the package is suitable It is preserved at 0-10 degrees Celsius.
  • the fresh cordyceps used in it can be classified according to the weight of the fresh cordyceps after being cleaned and dried.
  • G represents the weight of the fresh cordyceps.
  • 0.3g ⁇ G ⁇ 0.5g it is determined to be Class A; 0.5g ⁇ G ⁇ 0.7g is grade B; 0.7g ⁇ G ⁇ 0.9g is determined to be grade C; when 0.9g ⁇ G ⁇ 1.1g, it is determined to be grade D; 1.1g ⁇ G is determined to be grade E.
  • packaging it is suitable to put together fresh cordyceps of the same grade for packaging, and the obtained fresh cordyceps products are more in line with the requirements of production and application.
  • Fresh Cordyceps can be peeled at 0-25°C, scrubbed with running water at 0-25°C, and then inspected under a microscope until there are no visible foreign objects. Put the cleaned fresh Cordyceps on clean absorbent paper to dry the surface water, and then Carry out the above classification.
  • the modified atmosphere packaging materials used can be packaged in boxes, bags or other commonly used packaging methods, and there is no special restriction.
  • the packaging materials used only need to meet certain requirements for water vapor transmission and oxygen transmission, otherwise the taste and hardness of the fresh cordyceps will be affected during the preservation process.
  • per 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material the amount of water vapor permeated within 24 hours does not exceed 50 grams.
  • the amount of water vapor permeated within 24 hours is not more than 40 grams, more preferably not more than 30 grams.
  • the amount of water vapor permeated within 24 hours is not more than 20 grams, preferably not more than 10 grams, more preferably not more than 6 grams .
  • the volume of oxygen permeated by 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material in 24 hours does not exceed 50 cubic meters, preferably not more than 40 cubic meters, More preferably, it does not exceed 30 cubic meters.
  • the volume of oxygen permeated by 1 square meter of the modified atmosphere packaging material in 24 hours does not exceed 20 cubic meters, preferably not more than 10 cubic meters.
  • the internal pressure of the package is 90-110Kpa.
  • the modified atmosphere packaging material used can be a modified atmosphere box, and the modified atmosphere box used can be obtained directly by purchase, for example, it can be KPET14/PE50, which contains a modified atmosphere film and a matching atmosphere box .
  • the air-conditioning machine can be used to bond the air-conditioning film and the air-conditioning box and fill it with a certain amount of gas.
  • the air-conditioned box is sterilized in a clean bench for 0.5 to 3 hours using ultraviolet lamps to obtain a sterilized air-conditioned box.
  • the cleaned fresh Cordyceps can be placed in sterilized modified atmosphere packaging materials in a sterile environment.
  • several cleaned fresh Cordyceps can be poured directly into a sterilized modified atmosphere box, and the package is filled with a certain volume of gas.
  • the packaging is filled with 50-100% by volume oxygen, 0-40% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-50% by volume nitrogen.
  • the package is filled with 60-100% by volume oxygen, 0-30% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-40% by volume nitrogen.
  • the package is filled with 60-80% by volume oxygen, 10-20% by volume carbon dioxide, and 0-30% by volume nitrogen.
  • the Cordyceps sinensis is packaged in a modified atmosphere box and the gas pressure in the modified atmosphere box is 90-110 KPa.
  • the obtained package can be suitable for keeping fresh at a temperature of 0-10 degrees Celsius, thereby reducing the high cost of freezing and storing, and being suitable for transportation, and at the same time, it has a good taste after thawing.
  • the obtained package is kept fresh at a temperature of 0-10 degrees Celsius and in a windless environment. As a result, the preservation period of fresh Cordyceps can be significantly improved.
  • the detection method of SOD enzyme activity is as follows:
  • Sample preparation Fresh Cordyceps: Precisely weigh about 0.1g of the sample, place it in a mortar, add 5mL of 0.05mol/L phosphate buffer, grind in an ice bath for 3min, take an appropriate amount into a 2mL centrifuge tube, and centrifuge For 5 min (12000 rpm), the supernatant was passed through a 0.45 ⁇ m water-based filter membrane as the test solution for use.
  • control For control, control blank, and test blank batches of tests, only 1 to 2 holes are required.
  • the absorbance value of the control hole should not be less than 0.2 in order to meet the test requirements.
  • A stands for: absorbance value.
  • V The total volume of the test solution, the unit is mL;
  • m the mass of the sample, the unit is g;
  • the method for testing the hardness of the insect body is as follows:
  • Weight loss rate (sample weight before storage-sample weight after storage) / sample weight before storage * 100%
  • the freshness of Cordyceps sinensis was evaluated and scored according to the standards given in Table 2. Each item was scored above 8.5, and SOD enzyme activity above 3000 indicates freshness, and score below 8.5 indicates not freshness.
  • Example 4 the effect of the proportion of filled gas on the preservation period of fresh Cordyceps sinensis was studied, and the method was as follows:
  • the gas ratio is 80% by volume oxygen + 20% by volume nitrogen
  • the gas ratio is 60% by volume oxygen + 40% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 80% by volume oxygen + 20% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 60% by volume oxygen, 5% by volume carbon dioxide and 35% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 60% by volume oxygen, 10% by volume carbon dioxide and 30% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 60% by volume oxygen, 20% by volume carbon dioxide and 20% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 60% by volume oxygen, 30% by volume carbon dioxide and 10% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 80% by volume oxygen, 5% by volume carbon dioxide and 15% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 80% by volume oxygen, 10% by volume carbon dioxide and 10% by volume nitrogen;
  • the gas ratio is 80% by volume oxygen, 20% by volume carbon dioxide and 0% by volume nitrogen;
  • the 345 and 789 groups have the longest fresh-keeping time, which is 105 days; from the 345 group compared with the first group, the fresh-keeping time is extended from 90 days to 105 days when 5%-20% carbon dioxide is added.
  • the preservation period cannot be prolonged; from group 789 compared with group 2, when adding 5% to 20% carbon dioxide, the preservation period is also increased from 90 days to 105 days, which can be obtained.
  • the addition of 5%-20% carbon dioxide will help prolong the preservation time of fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
  • Example 5 The influence of the ratio of the packaging volume to the weight of the fresh Cordyceps on the preservation period
  • Example 5 studied the influence of the ratio of the packaging volume to the weight of the fresh Cordyceps sinensis on the preservation period, including the following:
  • Example 1 After being tightly sealed, it was stored in a windless Haier refrigerator at 8°C for 120 days. The sensory and detection indicators in Example 1 were evaluated and the results of preservation time were obtained, as shown in Table 8 below:
  • Example 6 studied the effect of different modified atmosphere packaging materials on the freshness of Cordyceps sinensis, as shown below:
  • KPET14/PE50 water vapor transmission rate ⁇ 6g/(m 2 *24h), oxygen transmission rate ⁇ 10m 3 /(m 2 *24h*0.1MPa)
  • KPET1.2 water vapor transmission rate ⁇ 8g/(m 2 *24h), oxygen transmission rate ⁇ 9m 3 /(m 2 *24h*0.1MPa)
  • PET1.2 water vapor transmission rate ⁇ 70g/(m 2 *24h), oxygen transmission rate ⁇ 80m 3 /(/m 2 *24h*0.1MPa)
  • Example 7 The effect of different packaging methods on the preservation period of fresh Cordyceps
  • Example 7 studied the effect of different packaging methods on the freshness of Cordyceps sinensis, as shown below:
  • the modified atmosphere box is then packaged in a modified atmosphere sealed package, in which the gas ratio is 10% carbon dioxide, 60% oxygen and 30% nitrogen;
  • Glass tube packaging use a glass tube to seal and pack the cleaned single fresh Cordyceps sinensis (grade B).
  • PE bag Pack the same amount of fresh Cordyceps sinensis in the air-conditioning box in a PE bag, with air content in the PE bag.
  • the glass tube group has bacteria growth after 30 days and cannot be stored.
  • the PE bag is filled with air and has extremely strong permeability. The outside air exchanges, the color becomes brown-yellow at 30 days, brown-black after 45 days, and the section becomes extremely dry after 30 days, and SOD enzyme activity also decreases to a certain extent, which is not conducive to the preservation of fresh Cordyceps , While the modified atmosphere box group still maintained good condition at 105 days.
  • Example 8 The effect of air flow in the preservation environment on the preservation period of fresh Cordyceps
  • the average wind speed is 0.5m/s 0 days 30 days 45 days 60 days 75 days 90 days 105 days 120 days odor 8.70 8.70 8.50 8.50 8.40 8.40 8.20 7.50 colour 9.00 8.50 8.20 8.10 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 Seat hardness 9.00 8.50 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 6.50 Sub-section 9.00 8.50 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.00 Insect body hardness value 443 320 170 167 152 155 144 125 Worm body section 9.00 8.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 Worm body taste 9.00 8.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 Weightlessness rate 0% 3.0% 5.8% 6.8% 7.4% 8.2% 8.6% 8.6% SOD enzyme activity 3374 3264 2928 2904 2803 2687 2644 2577
  • the average wind speed is 0m/s 0 days 30 days 45 days 60 days 75 days 90 days 105 days 120 days odor 8.90 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.30 8.20 7.50 colour 9.00 8.70 8.70 8.60 8.40 8.40 8.20 7.50 Seat hardness 9.00 8.70 8.70 8.60 8.50 8.40 8.30 7.80 Sub-section 8.70 8.70 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.30 7.50 Body hardness 465 426 400 368 325 296 236 178 Worm body section 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.40 8.50 8.40 8.20 7.50 Worm body taste 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.40 8.40 8.20 7.60 Weightlessness rate 0% 0.6% 1.7% 2.3% 2.8% 2.9% 3.5% 6.6% SOD enzyme activity 3466 3257 3225 3114 3085 3055 3009 2575
  • the storage time of the fresh Cordyceps sinensis is different when the samples are placed in different storage environments.
  • the air flow in the storage environment has different effects on the fresh Cordyceps sinensis.
  • the sample size changes at 45 days. Thin and soft, the section of the insect body is dry and dehydrated, and the pedestal is withered after 60 days, and the sample in the refrigerator with an average wind speed of 0m/s still maintains a good condition at 105 days.
  • plural means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

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Abstract

一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法,包括:将气调包装材料对干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,以便获得包装物,所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气;所述包装物适于0~10摄氏度温度下保鲜。还涉及通过上述鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法获得的鲜冬虫夏草制品。由上述方法获得的鲜冬虫夏草制品保鲜期长,口感佳,而且适宜长时间的运输。

Description

一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法及鲜冬虫夏草制品
相关申请
本申请要求中国专利申请号为201911055683.X的优先权,该申请于2019年10月31日递交至国家知识产权局,其所有内容在此作为引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及鲜中药材加工领域,具体涉及一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法及鲜冬虫夏草制品。
背景技术
新鲜冬虫夏草,因为零上温度保藏期短,目前多采用零下温度冷冻保存,但冷冻保存在对于商家在运输过程需要维持低温需要耗费过高的成本;中国专利CN 201710006514.1中公开了一种鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法,其在0~-10℃下保存能达到2个月的保鲜期,所以家用冰箱冷冻层(-18℃)不符合鲜冬虫夏草保鲜条件,带来低温保鲜的不便利性;中国专利CN 201410019134.8中公开了一种鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法,其在-5~-25℃下保存能长时间保存后冬虫夏草的营养成分和活性,但解冻食用时,会产生虫体变软、口感不佳的问题,说明倘若是保存在家用冰箱冷冻层,食用时将会产生解冻时间长和食用品质不佳的问题。
如何对鲜冬虫夏草进行保藏,还需要进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此,本发明的一个目的在于提出一种鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法及鲜冬虫夏草制品。
为解决鲜冬虫夏草冷冻保藏带来的品质损失、成本高、解冻时间长和家用冰箱保藏不便利的问题,本发明的发明人发现了一种通过采用气调包装实现在零上温度保藏的方法,可以解决鲜冬虫夏草现有的各种零下保藏的缺陷问题。
具体而言,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法,包括:
将气调包装材料对干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,以便获得包装物,所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气;
所述包装物适于在0~10摄氏度温度下保鲜。
根据本发明的实施例,所述气调包装材料预先进行灭菌处理,以便获得灭菌的气调包装材料;利用所述灭菌的气调包装材料对干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,以便获得包装物,所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气;所述包装物适于在0~10摄氏度温度下保鲜。
本发明提供了一种鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法,所提供的方法通过利用灭菌的气调包装材料对清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,获得的包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气。该包装物适合冷藏保存,例如在0-10摄氏度条件下进行保鲜,从而可以降低产品储藏和运输成本,方便客户解冻食用,而且口感佳,保鲜时间长,保鲜时间可以达到90天以上,100天以上,甚至是105天以上。
根据本发明的实施例,以上所述鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法可以进一步包括如下技术特征:
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述包装物中填充有60-80体积%氧气、10-20体积%二氧化碳和0-30体积%氮气。由此可以显著提高鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜时间,使得其保鲜时间至少为90天以上,甚至是105天以上。
在本发明的一些实施例中,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料,在24小时内透过的水蒸汽量不超过50克,优选不超过20克,更优选不超过6克;在0.1MPa的压强下,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料在24小时内透过的氧气体积不超过50立方米,优选不超过20立方米,更优选不超过10立方米。包装材料材质不同,会影响鲜冬虫夏草的硬度和口感,例如所用到的气调包装材料的水蒸汽透过量和氧气透过量过高时,短时间内就会出现硬度变软、断面变干以及口感变差等,因此合适的气调包装材料能够提高鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜效果,使得在保藏100天以上,仍然具有合适的口感和滋味。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述包装物中每克所述鲜冬虫夏草的包装体积在20立方厘米以上,优选在30立方厘米以上,更优选在50立方厘米以上。由此可以显著提高鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜时间,使得其保鲜时间至少为90天以上,甚至是105天以上。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜期为90天以上,优选为100天以上,更优选为105天以上。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述包装物中气体压强值为90-110KPa。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装前先清洗干净,然后按照不同重量范围对鲜冬虫夏草进行分级;接着对分级后同一级别的鲜冬虫夏草进行灭菌。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述鲜冬虫夏草保鲜之前预先按照以下方法进行清洗干净:0-25℃下剥泥,0-25℃流水刷洗,接着于显微镜下镜检,直至无肉眼可见异物,将清洗 干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述分级为:A级为0.3g<G<0.5g,B级为0.5g≤G≤0.7g;C级为0.7g≤G≤0.9g;D级为0.9g≤G≤1.1g;E级为1.1g<G。
在本发明的一些实施例中,将所述气调包装材料在紫外光下灭菌处理0.5-3小时,以便获得灭菌的气调包装材料。由此可以杀灭气调包装材料表面的微生物,在保藏过程中不会出现长菌现象,影响到鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述气调包装材料为KPET14/PE50气调盒。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述方法进一步包括:将所述包装物在0~10摄氏度温度下、无风环境下保藏。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述包装物在0~10摄氏度温度下、无风环境下保鲜90天以上,所述鲜冬虫夏草的SOD酶活力在3000U以上。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了一种鲜冬虫夏草制品,所述鲜冬虫夏草制品通过本发明第一方面任一实施例所述的方法获得。本发明所提供的鲜冬虫夏草制品,保鲜期长,口感佳,而且适宜长时间的运输,成本低,更加符合生产应用的需求。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,需要说明的是,所描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本文中,“体积%”表示体积百分含量,比如所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气,表示包装物中填充有体积百分含量为:50%-100%的氧气,0%-40%二氧化碳和0%-50%氮气。
在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了一种鲜冬虫夏草的保藏方法,包括:将气调包装材料进行灭菌处理,以便获得灭菌的气调包装材料;利用所述灭菌的气调包装材料对清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,以便获得包装物,所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气;所述包装物适于在0~10摄氏度条件下进行保藏。
其中所用到的鲜冬虫夏草可以在去泥,清洗拭干之后,根据鲜冬虫夏草的重量进行分级,例如以G代表鲜冬虫夏草的重量,当0.3g<G<0.5g时,确定为A级;0.5g≤G≤0.7g时为B级;0.7g≤G≤0.9g确定为C级;0.9g≤G≤1.1g时,确定为D级;1.1g<G确定为E级。在进行包装时,适于将相同等级的鲜冬虫夏草放置在一起进行包装,由此获得的鲜冬虫夏草制品更加符合生产应用的需求。
新鲜的冬虫夏草可以在0-25℃下剥泥,0-25℃流水刷洗,接着于显微镜下镜检,直至无肉眼可见异物,将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,再进行上述分级。
所用到的气调包装材料可以是以包装盒、包装袋或者其他常用的包装方式进行包装,并不做特殊限制。在本发明的一些实施方式中,所用到的包装材料对于水蒸汽透过量以及氧气透过量满足一定的要求即可,否则在保鲜过程中会影响到鲜冬虫夏草的口感以及硬度等。在本发明的至少一些实施方式中,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料,在24小时内透过的水蒸汽量不超过50克。在本发明的至少一些优选实施方式,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料,在24小时内透过的水蒸汽量不超过40克,更优选不超过30克。在本发明的另一优选实施方式中,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料,在24小时内透过的水蒸汽量不超过20克,优选不超过10克,更优选不超过6克。在本发明的又一些实施方式中,在0.1MPa的压强下,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料在24小时内透过的氧气体积不超过50立方米,优选不超过40立方米,更优选不超过30立方米。在本发明的再一些实施方式中,在0.1MPa的压强下,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料在24小时内透过的氧气体积不超过20立方米,优选不超过10立方米。在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述包装物内压强为90~110Kpa。
在一些优选实施方式中,所用到的气调包装材料可以是气调盒,所用到的气调盒可以直接通过购买获得,例如可以是KPET14/PE50,其包含气调膜和配套的气调盒子。在使用时,可以利用气调机将气调膜和气调盒子粘合,并填充有一定的气体。在包装之前,将所述气调盒在洁净台中使用紫外灯灭菌0.5~3小时,获得灭菌的气调盒。
在进行包装时,可以在无菌环境中将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草置于灭菌的气调包装材料中。例如可以将若干清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草直接倒入灭菌的气调盒内,包装物中填充有一定体积的气体。在至少一些实施方式中,包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气。在另一些实施方式中,包装物中填充有60-100体积%氧气、0-30体积%二氧化碳和0-40体积%氮气。在一些优选实施方式中,包装物中填充有60-80体积%氧气、10-20体积%二氧化碳和0-30体积%氮气。由此可以显著提高鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜期。
如无其他说明,本实施例中冬虫夏草用气调盒包装后气调盒中气体压强值为90-110KPa。
所获得的包装物可以适于在0~10摄氏度温度下保鲜,由此可以降低冷冻保藏所带来的高成本,而且适于运输,同时在解冻之后口感佳。在至少一些优选实施方式中,所获得的包装物在0~10摄氏度温度下、无风环境下保鲜。由此可以显著提高鲜冬虫夏草的保 鲜期。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的方案进行解释。本领域技术人员将会理解,下面的实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在21℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在18℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,然后按表1进行分级。
表1原料分级表
级别 A B C D E
G重量/g 0.3g<G<0.5g 0.5g≤G≤0.7g 0.7g≤G≤0.9g 0.9g≤G≤1.1g 1.1g<G
选取A级品,将包装材料至于紫外光灭菌0.5小时(下述实施例也进行相同处理,不再进行赘述),然后将A级品鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为136ml的KPET14/PE50气调盒(购自于东莞奇妙包装有限公司),在洁净台中,按包装体积(cm 3):鲜草重量(g)=30:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调机DT-6D密封包装,其中气体比例为10体积%二氧化碳、60体积%氧气和30体积%氮气;密封严实后放于3℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存。
保存120天,其间(0天,30天,45天,60天,75天,90天,105天和120天)对气味、颜色、硬度、出水、外观等进行5次感官评价,每次感官评价3盒。并利用感官评价完的鲜冬虫夏草立即测定SOD酶活力、虫体硬度和子座硬度,计算各自平均值。
1、SOD酶活检测方法如下:
(1)、样品制备:鲜冬虫夏草:精密称取样品约0.1g,置于研钵中,加入0.05mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液5mL,冰浴研磨3min,取适量置于2mL离心管中,离心5min(12000rpm),上清液过0.45μm水系滤膜,作为供试品溶液,待用。
(2)、检测步骤:
1)预实验:用0.05mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液将供试品溶液稀释成不同浓度的待测样本溶液,按照操作表加液,置于振荡器上震荡1min使混匀后取出,置于37℃电热恒温干燥箱中孵育20min,取出,置酶标仪于450nm处测定吸光值。
操作表:
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000002
注:对照、对照空白、测定空白一批试验只需要各做1~2孔。对照孔吸光值应不低于0.2,方能满足试验要求。
2)正式实验:根据预实验结果,选择抑制率在40%-60%(最好在45%-55%)的待测样本溶液进行正式实验。同预实验操作,对照孔与测定孔应做2孔,对照空白孔与测定空白孔一批实验可做单孔。
(3)、计算公式:
按照下述公式计算SOD酶抑制率:
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000003
上式中:
A代表:吸光值。
然后按照下述SOD酶活力,其中在该反应体系中,SOD抑制率达50%时所对应的酶量为一个SOD酶活力单位(U):
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000004
上式中:
V:试液总体积,单位为mL;
m:试样的质量,单位为g;
D:样液的稀释倍数;
240:反应体系中的总体积,单位为μL;
20:所加待测样本溶液的体积,单位为μL。
2、虫体硬度检测方法如下:
采用质构仪(型号是TA.XT Plus(英国SMS)),使用2mm柱形探头透过下压程序,以不破坏结构的形变测试得到固定下压距离测试冬虫夏草的蠕变,得到坚实度指标。(坚实度:探头触及样品之后下压1mm测得的硬度,g)
3、失重率检测方法如下:
采用称重法,称取样品贮藏前后的重量,按下列公式计算失重率:
失重率=(贮前样品重量-贮后样品重量)/贮前样品重量*100%
结合上述测定方法以及感官评价方法,按照表2给出的标准对鲜冬虫夏草的新鲜度进行评价打分,其中各项目8.5以上评分,且SOD酶活力在3000以上表示新鲜,8.5以下评分表示不新鲜。
表2鲜冬虫夏草新鲜度评价表
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000005
其评价结果如下表3所示:
表3实施例1鲜冬虫夏草新鲜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000006
经多次重复试验研究发现,按照实施例1的方法进行保藏,对于鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜期能延长至105天。
实施例2
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在10℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在10℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
选取B级品,将鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为272cm 3的KPET14/PE50气调盒,在洁净台中,按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=40:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调密封包装,其中气体比例为20体积%二氧化碳、70体积%氧气和10体积%氮气;密封严实后放于5℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存。
保存120天,按照实施例1相同的方法对气味、颜色、硬度、出水、外观进行5次感官评价,每次感官评价3盒,并利用感官评价完的鲜草立即测定SOD酶活力、虫体硬度和子座硬度,计算各自平均值。其结果如下表4所示:
表4实施例2鲜冬虫夏草新鲜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000008
经多次重复试验研究发现,其保鲜期能延长至105天。
实施例3
对1000根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在5℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在3℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
选取C级品,将鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为500ml的KPET14/PE50气调盒,在洁净台中,按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=60:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调密封包装,其中气体比例为10体积%二氧化碳、80体积%氧气和10体积%氮气;密封严实后放于8℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存。
保存120天,按照实施例1相同的方法对气味、颜色、硬度、出水、外观进行5次感官评价,每次感官评价3盒,并利用感官评价完的鲜草立即测定SOD酶活力、虫体硬度和子座硬度,计算各自平均值。实验结果如下表5所示:
表5实施例3鲜冬虫夏草新鲜度评价结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000010
经多次重复试验研究发现,其保鲜期能延长至105天。
实施例4气体比例对鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响
实施例4研究了填充的气体的比例对于鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响,其方法如下:
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在21℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在18℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
选取B级品,将鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为136cm 3的KPET14/PE50气调盒,在洁净台中,按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=30:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调机DT-6D密封包装,分别填充不同气体比例的气体:
气体比例1:氧气的影响
①气体比例为80体积%氧气+20体积%氮气
②气体比例为60体积%氧气+40体积%氮气
③气体比例为40体积%氧气+60体积%氮气
④气体比例为20体积%氧气+80体积%氮气
⑤气体比例为10体积%氧气+90体积%氮气
密封严实后放于3℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存120天,按上述实施例1中的感官及检测指标进行评价,并得出相应的保鲜时长结果,如下表6所示:
表6不同处理组的保鲜时长
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000011
从上表格可看出,第①②组的保鲜时长最长,第③④⑤组保鲜时间长不过45天,说明氧气含量≥60%时,有利于延长鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜期。
气体比例2:CO 2的影响
①气体比例为60体积%氧气+40体积%氮气;
②气体比例为80体积%氧气+20体积%氮气;
③气体比例为60体积%氧气、5体积%二氧化碳和35体积%氮气;
④气体比例为60体积%氧气、10体积%二氧化碳和30体积%氮气;
⑤气体比例为60体积%氧气、20体积%二氧化碳和20体积%氮气;
⑥气体比例为60体积%氧气、30体积%二氧化碳和10体积%氮气;
⑦气体比例为80体积%氧气、5体积%二氧化碳和15体积%氮气;
⑧气体比例为80体积%氧气、10体积%二氧化碳和10体积%氮气;
⑨气体比例为80体积%氧气、20体积%二氧化碳和0体积%氮气;
密封严实后放于3℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存120天,按上述实施例1中的感官及检测指标进行评价,并得出保鲜时长结果,如下表7所示:
表7不同处理组的保鲜时长
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000012
由上表7可知,③④⑤和⑦⑧⑨组的保鲜时长最长,为105天;从第③④⑤组对比第①组得知,在添加5%~20%二氧化碳时,其保鲜时长由90天延长到105天,添加30%二氧化碳时却无法延长保鲜期;从第⑦⑧⑨组对比第②组得知,在添加5%~20%二氧化碳时,其保鲜时长也由90天增加到105天,由此可以得出,在使用60-80%氧气时,添加5%~20%二氧化碳将有利于延长鲜冬虫夏草保鲜时长。
实施例5包装体积与鲜冬虫夏草的重量的比例对保鲜期的影响
实施例5研究了包装物中的包装体积与鲜冬虫夏草的重量的比例对于保鲜期的影响,包括如下:
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在21℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在18℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
选取B级品,将鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为136ml的KPET14/PE50气调盒,在洁净台中,分别按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=7.5:1、15:1、30:1、60:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调机DT-6D密封包装,其中气体比例为80%氧气、10%二氧化碳和10%氮气;
密封严实后放于8℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存120天,按上述实施例1中的感官 及检测指标进行评价,并得出保鲜时长结果,如下表8所示:
表8不同处理的保鲜时长
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000013
由上述表8给出的结果可知,气调盒中的包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)的比例不同,其保鲜期长短也不一样,其包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)若小于15:1,否则其保鲜期不过60天,当其比例≥30:1时,其保鲜期能达105天。
实施例6气调包装材质对鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响
实施例6研究了不同的气调包装材料对于鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响,如下所示:
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在10℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在10℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
选取B级品,将鲜冬虫夏草分装在包装体积为136ml的KPET14/PE50、KPET1.2、PET1.2这三种不同材质的气调盒中,在洁净台中,按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=30:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调密封包装,其中气体比例为20体积%二氧化碳、60体积%氧气和20体积%氮气,将三组实验组在7℃无风式海尔冰箱中避光保存120天。
其中所用到的三种材质参数为:
KPET14/PE50(水蒸汽透过量≤6g/(m 2*24h),氧气透过量≤10m 3/(m 2*24h*0.1MPa)
KPET1.2(水蒸汽透过量≤8g/(m 2*24h),氧气透过量≤9m 3/(m 2*24h*0.1MPa)
PET1.2(水蒸汽透过量≤70g/(m 2*24h)、氧气透过量≤80m 3/(/m 2*24h*0.1MPa)
利用三种材质不同的材料保存120天后的结果分别如下表9、表10和表11所示:
表9利用PET1.2材料包装后的结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000015
表10利用KPET1.2材料包装后的结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000016
表11利用KPET14/PE50材料包装后的结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000017
由上述结果可知,样品放置在不同气调包装材质中对鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜是有区别的,PET1.2气调组在45天的时候就已经出现硬度变软、断面稍干和口感变差,而KPET1.2和 KPET14/PE50气调盒材质在120天时才出现硬度变软。
实施例7不同包装方式对鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响
实施例7研究了不同的包装方式对于鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响,如下所示:
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在10℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在10℃流水下用细软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
气调包装:选取B级品,将鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为136ml的KPET14/PE50气调盒,在洁净台中,按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=30:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调密封包装,其中气体比例为10%二氧化碳、60%氧气和30%氮气;
非气调包装
1、玻璃管装:用玻璃管将洗净后的单根鲜冬虫夏草(B级品)密封包装。
2、PE袋装:用PE袋将与气调盒中相同数量的鲜冬虫夏草密封包装,PE袋中为空气成分。
将以上三种不同包装方式在5℃无风式海尔冰箱中保存120天。
保存120天后的结果如表12、表13和表14所示:
表12玻璃管包装结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000018
表13 PE袋包装结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000020
表14 KPET14/PE50包装结果
Figure PCTCN2020078927-appb-000021
从结果可知,样品用不同包装方式对鲜冬虫夏草是有区别的,玻璃管组在30天时就出现了长菌现象,无法继续保存,PE袋填充有空气,且有极强的透性,能与外界空气进行交换,在30天时颜色就变成褐黄,45天以后变得褐黑,且30天以后断面变得极其干燥,而SOD酶活力也有一定程度的下降,也不利于鲜冬虫夏草的保存,而气调盒组在105天时仍然保持较好状态。
实施例8保存环境空气流动对鲜冬虫夏草保鲜期的影响
对200根带土的新鲜冬虫夏草在10℃环境下手工剥泥处理,在10℃流水下用细 软牙刷洗刷虫体表面尤其是褶皱内的泥沙、菌膜、虫卵等,无肉眼可见异物后于10倍显微镜下仔细观察,若观察到异物则返回流水洗刷直至显微镜下无肉眼可见异物;将清洗干净的鲜冬虫夏草于干净吸水纸上擦干表面水分,按表1进行分级。
选取B级品,将鲜冬虫夏草采用包装体积为272ml的KPET14/PE50气调盒,在洁净台中,按包装体积(ml):鲜草重量(g)=30:1的比例装进气调盒中,接着进行气调密封包装,其中气体比例为20%二氧化碳、60%氧气和20%氮气;密封严实后分别在5℃无风式海尔冰箱(风速为0m/s)中和5℃吹风式的医用冷藏冰箱(平均风速为0.5m/s)中避光保存120天。
保存120天后结果如表15和表16所示:
表15在吹风式冰箱中保鲜结果
平均风速为0.5m/s 0天 30天 45天 60天 75天 90天 105天 120天
气味 8.70 8.70 8.50 8.50 8.40 8.40 8.20 7.50
颜色 9.00 8.50 8.20 8.10 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50
子座硬度 9.00 8.50 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 6.50
子座断面 9.00 8.50 8.00 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.00
虫体硬度值 443 320 170 167 152 155 144 125
虫体断面 9.00 8.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
虫体滋味 9.00 8.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50
失重率 0% 3.0% 5.8% 6.8% 7.4% 8.2% 8.6% 8.6%
SOD酶活力 3374 3264 2928 2904 2803 2687 2644 2577
表16在无风式冰箱中保鲜结果
平均风速为0m/s 0天 30天 45天 60天 75天 90天 105天 120天
气味 8.90 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.30 8.20 7.50
颜色 9.00 8.70 8.70 8.60 8.40 8.40 8.20 7.50
子座硬度 9.00 8.70 8.70 8.60 8.50 8.40 8.30 7.80
子座断面 8.70 8.70 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.30 7.50
虫体硬度 465 426 400 368 325 296 236 178
虫体断面 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.40 8.50 8.40 8.20 7.50
虫体滋味 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.40 8.40 8.20 7.60
失重率 0% 0.6% 1.7% 2.3% 2.8% 2.9% 3.5% 6.6%
SOD酶活力 3466 3257 3225 3114 3085 3055 3009 2575
由上述结果可知,样品放置不同保存环境对鲜冬虫夏草保鲜时长是有区别的,保存环境空气流动大小对鲜冬虫夏草带来不同影响,在平均风速大于0m/s的冰箱中,45天时样品子座变细变软、虫体断面干燥失水,60天后子座萎焉,而在平均风速为0m/s冰箱的样品在105天时仍然保持较好状态。
在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种鲜冬虫夏草的气调保鲜方法,其特征在于,包括:
    将气调包装材料对干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,以便获得包装物,所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气;
    所述包装物适于在0~10摄氏度温度下保鲜。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
    所述气调包装材料预先进行灭菌处理,以便获得灭菌的气调包装材料;
    利用所述灭菌的气调包装材料对干净的鲜冬虫夏草进行密封包装,以便获得包装物,所述包装物中填充有50-100体积%氧气、0-40体积%二氧化碳和0-50体积%氮气;
    所述包装物适于在0~10摄氏度温度下保鲜。
  3. 根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包装物中填充有60-80体积%氧气、10-20体积%二氧化碳和0-30体积%氮气。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料,在24小时内透过的水蒸汽量不超过50克,优选不超过20克,更优选不超过6克。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在0.1MPa的压强下,每1平方米的所述气调包装材料在24小时内透过的氧气体积不超过50立方米,优选不超过20立方米,更优选不超过10立方米。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述包装物中每克所述鲜冬虫夏草的包装体积在20立方厘米以上,优选在30立方厘米以上,更优选在50立方厘米以上。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述气调包装材料在紫外光下灭菌处理0.5-3小时,以便获得灭菌的气调包装材料。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述气调包装材料为气调盒,优选为KPET14/PE50气调盒。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
    将所述包装物在0~10摄氏度温度下、无风环境下保鲜。
  10. 一种鲜冬虫夏草制品,其特征在于,所述鲜冬虫夏草制品通过权利要求1~9中任一项所述的方法获得。
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CN110628633A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2019-12-31 东莞市东阳光冬虫夏草研发有限公司 鲜冬虫夏草的保鲜方法及鲜冬虫夏草制品

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