WO2021082189A1 - 基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法 - Google Patents
基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
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- the invention relates to the field of GNSS satellite-based augmentation systems, in particular to the field of Beidou satellite precision orbit calculation and in-orbit abnormal maneuver detection, and specifically refers to a Beidou satellite maneuver and anomaly detection method based on precision orbit and ground station data.
- GNSS satellite orbit resolution accuracy is the core link of the entire high-precision positioning, and its resolution accuracy is greatly affected by satellite orbit maneuvering, but from the perspective of satellite systems, orbit maintenance is an indispensable link. Therefore, a more reliable mobile detection method has become a problem that needs to be solved for GNSS precise orbit determination.
- the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is a satellite navigation system independently developed in China.
- the system construction is divided into three stages.
- the first stage system consists of 2 Geostationary Earth Orbit satellites (GEO);
- the second stage system consists of 5 GEO satellites, 5 Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit satellites (IGSO) and 4 medium-orbiting earths Orbiting satellite (Medium Earth Orbit satellite, MEO) composition.
- the third stage system consists of 3 GEO, 3 IGSO and 24 MEO satellites. Due to the complex composition of the Beidou system constellation and frequent orbit maintenance, the active injection of fuel by the satellite during satellite maneuvering will destroy the force properties of the satellite in space and will seriously affect the precision of precise orbit determination.
- the purpose of the present invention is to detect the maneuver time of the Beidou satellite system and provide a method that can accurately determine the satellite maneuver time.
- the method uses the Beidou satellite system's post-precision orbit and ground station observation data to detect the start and end of the Beidou satellite maneuver At the moment, the maneuvering magnitude can be judged by passing.
- This method is also suitable for the detection of abnormal maneuvers in other satellite navigation systems, and has good generalization.
- the Beidou satellite maneuvering and anomaly detection method based on the precision orbit and ground station data of the present invention has the following composition: the Beidou satellite maneuvering and anomaly detection method based on the precision orbit and ground station data, its main features are Combining the predicted precision orbit of the Beidou satellite with the satellite position calculated by the ground station, it is determined whether the Beidou satellite is maneuvering or abnormal in its orbit.
- the method includes the following steps:
- step S4 Perform long-term orbit integration on the state parameters obtained in step S3 to obtain the Beidou satellite space position parameters for a period of time in the integration direction;
- step S6 Compare the satellite space coordinate parameters in step S4 and step S5, convert the coordinate difference to the orbital coordinate system, and determine whether the Beidou satellite has abnormal maneuvers based on a priori parameters. If a maneuver occurs, give the time when the maneuver occurred and the size of the maneuver. ;
- the completion time of the Beidou satellite maneuvering is calculated by integrating the precise orbit forward after the maneuvering, and repeating steps S4 to S6.
- the orbit integration method according to step S1 is characterized in that the 6/7th order of Runge-Kutta integration method is used to calculate the initial 10 epoch positions, and then the Adams integration method is used for subsequent epoch continuous integration;
- the sixth-order and seventh-order formulas of Runge-Kutta integration method can be expressed as:
- the explicit formula and the implicit formula are used at the same time, and the explicit formula is first calculated The approximate value on the step point, and then the approximate value is corrected by the implicit formula to get the required .
- step S5 the method for calculating the satellite spatial position based on the globally distributed Beidou ground continuous tracking stations is characterized in that the Beidou satellite is solved by the fixed ground station ground coordinates and the receiver clock error parameters
- the spatial position, using the Beidou satellite pseudorange and phase dual-frequency observation equations are as follows:
- the observation method to obtain the partial derivative of the satellite position parameter can be expressed as:
- M is the tropospheric projection function, with They are the approximate value of the parameter to be estimated and the random error calculated from the original observation; after linearization, the parameter to be estimated takes the distance length as the unit, taking into account the initial state parameters of the satellite, as follows:
- step S5 the coordinate parameters in the ground-fixed coordinate system are converted to the J2000.0 inertial coordinate system, and the implementation process is as follows:
- Is the precession matrix Is the nutation matrix
- Is the earth rotation matrix Is the pole shift matrix.
- the matrix can be accurately determined according to the time of the epoch;
- the matrix can be calculated according to 1980IAU nutation theory;
- the matrix is obtained by interpolating IAT-UT1 from the time bulletin of IERS;
- the extreme value of the matrix needs to be obtained from the difference of extreme values published by IERS.
- step S6 the conversion of the coordinate difference into the orbital coordinate system is implemented as follows:
- the unit vector of the coordinate axis of the orbital coordinate system in the inertial system can use the satellite position in the inertial system With velocity vector To mean:
- step S6 the given prior parameters are used to determine whether the Beidou satellite has abnormal maneuvers, and the implementation process is as follows:
- the maneuvering direction and size of the coordinates in the orbital coordinate system can be visually displayed.
- the criterion for judging the occurrence of satellite maneuvering is that the R direction of the difference between the epochs before and after the coordinate difference is greater than 1 meter. Or the N direction is greater than 5 meters, or the T direction is greater than 10 meters, the formula is expressed as:
- s represents the state of maneuvering, where 1 means maneuvering occurs, and 0 means no maneuvering occurs; It is the coordinate difference calculated between the previous epoch and the previous epoch, which can be expressed as:
- R , N and T represent the radial, normal and tangential directions of the orbital coordinate system, respectively.
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is to detect the maneuvering time of the Beidou satellite system and provide a method that can accurately determine the satellite maneuvering time.
- the method uses the Beidou satellite system's post-precision orbit and ground station observation data to detect the start and At the end time, the maneuvering magnitude can be judged by the pass. This method is also suitable for the detection of abnormal maneuvers in other satellite navigation systems, and has good generalization.
- Figure 1 is a step diagram of Beidou satellite maneuvering and anomaly detection method based on precise orbit and ground station data
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the orbit integration method
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation method of Beidou satellite space position.
- the present invention creates the use of Beidou precision orbit afterwards and ground station tracking data to detect the abnormal maneuvering of Beidou satellites in orbit, mainly through the following technical solutions:
- the numerical integration method uses Runge-Kutta 6/7 order single-step integration method to start, and the integral formula is:
- step S1 the 6/7th order of Runge-Kutta integration method is used to calculate the initial 10 epoch positions, and then the Adams integration method is used to perform continuous integration of subsequent epochs;
- step S3 Use the satellite position parameters in step S2 and the state transition matrix to fit the state parameters in (1) to obtain more accurate state parameters, where the modified orbit adopts post-precision orbits, and more accurate orbit state parameters can be obtained through this step;
- Orbital integration method adopts Runge-Kutta Start with 6/7 single-step method, and then integrate by Adams multi-step method to calculate the orbit of the continuous interval in the future.
- the orbit integration process is shown in Figure 2;
- M is the tropospheric projection function, with They are the approximate value of the parameter to be estimated and the random error calculated from the original observation. After linearization, the parameters to be estimated are in the unit of distance length, taking into account the initial state parameters of the satellite, as follows:
- step S5 the coordinate parameters in the ground-fixed coordinate system are converted to the J2000.0 inertial coordinate system, and the realization process is as follows: r represents the coordinate of a point in the protocol geocentric inertial system corresponding to epoch J2000.0 , With R as the coordinates in the fixed coordinate system of the protocol earth, there are:
- Is the precession matrix Is the nutation matrix
- Is the earth rotation matrix Is the pole shift matrix
- the matrix can be accurately determined according to the time of the epoch;
- the matrix can be calculated according to 1980IAU nutation theory;
- the matrix is obtained by interpolating IAT-UT1 from the time bulletin of IERS;
- the extreme value of the matrix needs to be obtained from the difference of extreme values published by IERS.
- step S6 the coordinate difference is converted into the orbital coordinate system, and the implementation process is as follows:
- the unit vector of the coordinate axis of the orbital coordinate system in the inertial system can use the satellite position in the inertial system With velocity vector To mean:
- the given a priori parameter determines whether the Beidou satellite has an abnormal maneuver, and if a maneuver occurs, the time and the size of the maneuver are given; the implementation process of judging whether the Beidou satellite has an abnormal maneuver is as follows:
- the maneuvering direction and size of the coordinates in the orbital coordinate system can be visually displayed.
- the criterion for judging the occurrence of satellite maneuvering is that the R direction of the difference between the epochs before and after the coordinate difference is greater than 1 meter. Or the N direction is greater than 5 meters, or the T direction is greater than 10 meters, the formula is expressed as:
- s represents the state of maneuvering, where 1 means maneuvering occurs, and 0 means no maneuvering occurs; It is the coordinate difference calculated between the previous epoch and the previous epoch, which can be expressed as:
- R , N and T represent the radial, normal and tangential directions of the orbital coordinate system, respectively.
- steps S4 to S6 are repeated to calculate the end time of the Beidou satellite maneuver by integrating the precise orbit forward after the maneuver is completed.
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Abstract
涉及GNSS星基增强系统领域,尤其涉及北斗卫星精密轨道解算及在轨运行异常机动探测领域,具体是指一种基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法,其主要特点是结合预报的北斗卫星精密轨道与地面台站计算得到的卫星位置做比对,判定北斗卫星在轨运行是否发生机动及异常,由此能够准确确定卫星机动时间。利用北斗卫星系统事后精密轨道和地面台站观测数据,探测北斗卫星机动开始及结束时刻,能够对机动量级进行判别;同样适用于其他卫星导航系统异常机动探测,具有较好的推广性。
Description
本发明涉及GNSS星基增强系统领域,尤其涉及北斗卫星精密轨道解算及在轨运行异常机动探测领域,具体是指一种基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法。
GNSS技术发展至今,一直致力于为用户提供实时、高精度、高可靠性的导航授时服务。传统实时定位采用广播星历解算卫星轨道、钟差参数,实时解算用户空间位置参数,但是受限于广播星历精度较差,用户仅能达到米级定位精度。为了满足高精度定位用户需求,对GNSS高精度卫星轨道求解提出了较高的要求,广域高精度定位用户通过引入GNSS精密轨道作为空间基准,可消除卫星轨道部分引入的误差,提高用户定位解算精度,GNSS卫星轨道解算精度是整个高精度定位的核心环节,其解算精度受卫星轨道机动影响较大,但从卫星系统角度来看,轨道维持是必不可少的环节。因此,较为可靠的机动探测方法成为GNSS精密定轨需要解决问题。
北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)是中国独立发展的卫星导航系统,系统建设分为了三个阶段。第一阶段系统由2颗地球同步卫星(Geostationary Earth Orbit satellites,GEO)组成;第二阶段系统由5颗GEO卫星、5颗倾斜地球同步卫星(Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit satellite,IGSO)和4颗中轨地球轨道卫星(Medium Earth Orbit satellite,MEO)组成。;第三阶段系统由3颗GEO、3颗IGSO和24颗MEO卫星组成。由于北斗系统星座构成复杂,轨道维持频繁,卫星机动时卫星主动喷射燃料将破坏卫星空间受力属性,将严重影响精密定轨精度。
准确探测北斗卫星在轨运行期间的机动事件,对于机动期间卫星精度定轨精度提高有一定的作用。
由于北斗系统星座构成复杂,轨道维持频繁,卫星机动时卫星主动喷射燃料将破坏卫星空间受力属性,将严重影响精密定轨精度。
本发明的目的是针对北斗卫星系统的机动时间进行探测,提供一种能够准确确定卫星机动时间的方法,该方法利用北斗卫星系统事后精密轨道和地面台站观测数据,探测北斗卫星机动开始及结束时刻,通过能够对机动量级进行判别。该方法同样适用于其他卫星导航系统异常机动探测,具有较好的推广性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法具有如下构成:该基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法,其主要特点是结合预报的北斗卫星精密轨道与地面台站计算得到的卫星位置做比对,判定北斗卫星在轨运行是否发生机动及异常。
所述的方法包括以下步骤:
S2、对参考时刻北斗卫星状态参数轨道积分,获取连续弧段的北斗卫星轨道参数及各时刻卫星位置与步骤(1)中状态参数的状态转移矩阵;
S3、利用步骤S2中的卫星位置参数和状态转移矩阵拟合S1中的状态参数,获取较为较为准确的状态参数;
S4、对步骤S3中获的状态参数进行长时间轨道积分,求得积分方向一段时间北斗卫星空间位置参数;
S5、收集能够跟踪到北斗卫星的地面台站观测数据,利用其精确已知的坐标参数和地面钟差参数,计算北斗卫星空间位置,并将地固坐标系中坐标参数转换到惯性坐标系统中,其中地固系定义如下,坐标系原点与包含海洋和大气层在内的整个地球质心重合,坐标轴指向按照BIH1984.0确定的指向,Z轴与BIH1984.0瞬时自转轴重合,X轴指向BIH1984.0时刻本初子午线与地球赤道交点,Y轴与Z轴和X轴组成右手坐标系;
S6、对比步骤S4和步骤S5中卫星空间坐标参数,将坐标差异转换到轨道坐标系中,给定先验参数,判别北斗卫星是否发生异常机动,如果发生机动则给出机动发生时刻、机动大小;
S7、当检测出机动时间发生时,通过对机动结束后的精密轨道向前积分,重复步骤S4至S6,计算出北斗卫星机动结束时刻。
优选的,根据步骤S1所述的轨道积分方法,其特征在于采用Runge-Kutta积分方法6/7阶计算初始10个历元位置,随后采用Adams积分方法进行后续历元连续积分;
Runge-Kutta积分方法6阶和7阶公式可表示为:
相应的系数如表所示:
Adams积分显式公式可表示为:
Adams积分隐式公式可表示为:
优选的,步骤S5中,所述的根据全球分布的北斗地面连续跟踪台站计算卫星空间位置的方法,其特征在于,通过固定地面台站地固系坐标和接收机钟差参数,求解北斗卫星空间位置,利用北斗卫星伪距和相位双频观测值方程如下:
其中:
和
分别表示载波和伪距无电离组合观测值,
为卫星至测站的几何距离,
为真空中光速,
和
分别表示吸收了接收机端或卫星端硬件延迟的钟差参数,
为对流层延迟参数,
为其它需要顾及的改正,
为无电离层组合相位观测值波长,
为无电离层组合相位观测值模糊度,可表示为:
进一步,步骤S5中,所述的并将地固坐标系中坐标参数转换到J2000.0惯性坐标系统中,其实现过程如下:
其中:
为岁差矩阵;
为章动矩阵;
为地球自转矩阵;
为极移矩阵。上述转换矩阵中,
矩阵根据历元的时刻可以精确确定;
矩阵可根据1980IAU章动理论来计算;
矩阵通过从IERS的时间公报中内插求出IAT-UT1进而求得;
矩阵需要的极移值需从由IERS公布的极移值差值得到。
优选的,步骤S6中,所述将坐标差异转换到轨道坐标系中,其实现过程如下:
进一步,步骤S6中,所述给定先验参数,判别北斗卫星是否发生异常机动,其实现过程如下:
将计算得到的卫星坐标差异转换到轨道坐标系后,即可直观显示坐标在轨道坐标系下的机动方向和大小,判断卫星机动发生的标准为坐标差异前后历元间差分
R方向大于1米,或
N方向大于5米,或
T方向大于10米,公式表示为:
R 、 N 、 T分别代表轨道坐标系的径向、法向和切向。
本发明的有益效果是针对北斗卫星系统的机动时间进行探测,提供一种能够准确确定卫星机动时间的方法,该方法利用北斗卫星系统事后精密轨道和地面台站观测数据,探测北斗卫星机动开始及结束时刻,通过能够对机动量级进行判别。该方法同样适用于其他卫星导航系统异常机动探测,具有较好的推广性。
图1是基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法步骤图;
图2是轨道积分方法示意图;
图3是北斗卫星空间位置计算方法示意图。
为了能够清楚地描述本发明的技术内容,下面结合具体实施案例来进行进一步描述。
如图1所示,本发明创造了使用北斗事后精密轨道和地面台站跟踪数据进行北斗卫星在轨运行异常机动探测,主要通过以下技术方案来实现:
S2、对参考时刻北斗卫星状态参数轨道积分,获取连续弧段的北斗卫星轨道参数及各时刻卫星位置关于初始状态参数的转移矩阵;
其中,数值积分方法采用Runge-Kutta 6/7阶单步积分法起步,积分公式为:
相应的系数如表所示:
优选的,根据步骤S1中,采用Runge-Kutta积分方法6/7阶计算初始10个历元位置,随后采用Adams积分方法进行后续历元连续积分;
S3、利用步骤S2中的卫星位置参数和状态转移矩阵拟合(1)中的状态参数,获取较为准确的状态参数,其中修正轨道采用事后精密轨道,通过本步骤可以获得较为准确轨道状态参数;
S4、对步骤S3中获的精确轨道状态参数进行长时间轨道积分,求得积分方向一段时间内北斗卫星空间位置参数,实现未来一段时间的轨道预报。轨道积分方法采用Runge-Kutta
6/7单步法起步,随后用Adams多步法积分,计算未来连续区间轨道,轨道积分过程如图2所示;
S5,收集跟踪到北斗卫星的地面台站观测数据,利用其精确已知的坐标参数和地面钟差参数,计算北斗卫星空间位置,过程如图3所示,并将地固坐标系中坐标参数转换到J2000.0惯性坐标系统中。利用北斗卫星伪距和相位双频观测值方程如下:
其中:
和
分别表示载波和伪距无电离组合观测值,
为卫星至测站的几何距离,
为真空中光速,
和
分别表示吸收了接收机端或卫星端硬件延迟的钟差参数,
为对流层延迟参数,
为其它需要顾及的改正,
为无电离层组合相位观测值波长,
为无电离层组合相位观测值模糊度,可表示为:
至此,观测方程线性化完成,通过线性估计方法进行待估参数的求解。
进一步,步骤S5中,将地固坐标系中坐标参数转换到J2000.0惯性坐标系统中,其实现过程如下:以
r表示某点在历元J2000.0对应的协议地心惯性系中的坐标,以
R表示协议地球固定坐标系中的坐标,则有:
其中:
为岁差矩阵;
为章动矩阵;
为地球自转矩阵;
为极移矩阵;上述转换矩阵中,
矩阵根据历元的时刻可以精确确定;
矩阵可根据1980IAU章动理论来计算;
矩阵通过从IERS的时间公报中内插求出IAT-UT1进而求得;
矩阵需要的极移值需从由IERS公布的极移值差值得到。
优选的,步骤S6中,将坐标差异转换到轨道坐标系中,其实现过程如下:
优选的,步骤S6中,所述给定先验参数,判别北斗卫星是否发生异常机动,如果发生机动则给出机动发生时刻、机动大小;判别北斗卫星是否发生异常机动,其实现过程如下:
将计算得到的卫星坐标差异转换到轨道坐标系后,即可直观显示坐标在轨道坐标系下的机动方向和大小,判断卫星机动发生的标准为坐标差异前后历元间差分
R方向大于1米,或
N方向大于5米,或
T方向大于10米,公式表示为:
R 、 N 、 T分别代表轨道坐标系的径向、法向和切向。
优选的,S7中,当检测出机动事件发生时,通过对机动结束后的精密轨道向前积分,重复步骤S4至S6,计算出北斗卫星机动结束时刻。
需要说明的是,上述各技术特征继续相互组合,形成未在上面列举的各种实施例,均视为本发明说明书记载的范围;并且,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
- 一种基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法,其特征在于,结合预报的北斗卫星精密轨道与地面台站计算得到的卫星位置做比对,判定北斗卫星在轨运行是否发生机动及异常,并包括以下步骤:S1、从事后解算的北斗卫星精密轨道中获取参考时刻卫星状态参数,包括:卫星在J2000.0惯性坐标系下空间位置参数 ,空间速度参数 ,其中J2000.0惯性坐标系定义如下,坐标轴原点与地球质心重合,Z轴与J2000.0时刻地球瞬时自转轴重合,X轴指向J2000.0时刻瞬时真春分点,Y轴与Z轴和X轴组成右手坐标系;S2、对参考时刻北斗卫星状态参数轨道积分,获取连续弧段的北斗卫星轨道参数及各时刻卫星位置关于初始状态参数的转移矩阵;S3、利用步骤S2中的卫星位置参数和状态转移矩阵拟合S1中的状态参数,获取较为准确的状态参数;S4、对步骤S3中获的状态参数进行长时间轨道积分,求得积分方向一段时间北斗卫星空间位置参数;S5、收集能够跟踪到北斗卫星的地面台站观测数据,利用其精确已知的坐标参数和地面钟差参数,计算北斗卫星空间位置,并将地固坐标系中坐标参数转换到惯性坐标系统中,其中地固系定义如下,坐标系原点与包含海洋和大气层在内的整个地球质心重合,坐标轴指向按照BIH1984.0确定的指向,Z轴与BIH1984.0瞬时自转轴重合,X轴指向BIH1984.0时刻本初子午线与地球赤道交点,Y轴与Z轴和X轴组成右手坐标系;S6、对比步骤S4和步骤S5中卫星空间坐标参数,将坐标差异转换到轨道坐标系中,给定先验参数,判别北斗卫星是否发生异常机动,如果发生机动则给出机动发生时刻、机动大小;S7、当检测出机动事件发生时,通过对机动结束后的精密轨道向前积分,重复步骤S4至S6,计算出北斗卫星机动结束时刻。
- 根据权利要求1中基于精密轨道和地面台站数据的北斗卫星机动及异常探测方法,其特征在于,第S5步骤中,根据全球分布的北斗地面连续跟踪台站计算卫星空间位置的方法,通过固定地面台站地固系坐标和接收机钟差参数,求解北斗卫星空间位置,具体的实现如下:利用北斗卫星伪距和相位双频观测值方程如下:其中: 和 分别表示载波和伪距无电离组合观测值, 为卫星至测站的几何距离, 为真空中光速, 和 分别表示吸收了接收机端或卫星端硬件延迟的钟差参数, 为对流层延迟参数, 为其它需要顾及的改正, 为无电离层组合相位观测值波长, 为无电离层组合相位观测值模糊度,可表示为:至此,观测方程线性化完成,通过线性估计方法进行待估参数的求解。
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