WO2021068537A1 - 具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021068537A1
WO2021068537A1 PCT/CN2020/094940 CN2020094940W WO2021068537A1 WO 2021068537 A1 WO2021068537 A1 WO 2021068537A1 CN 2020094940 W CN2020094940 W CN 2020094940W WO 2021068537 A1 WO2021068537 A1 WO 2021068537A1
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parts
pipe
formaldehyde
leather
function
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PCT/CN2020/094940
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王瑞勤
张旭生
徐中宝
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磐安县亿晖科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2021068537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068537A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687—Organic components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D171/00—Coating compositions based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D171/02—Polyalkylene oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/80—Type of catalytic reaction
    • B01D2255/802—Photocatalytic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7027—Aromatic hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/90—Odorous compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/708
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
    • C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of leather processing, in particular to a method for preparing leather and textile fabrics with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell.
  • Formaldehyde is cheap and easy to obtain, and the cost performance is very high.
  • Formaldehyde and its derivatives are widely used in leather and textile fabrics, such as tanning, straight hair fixing, anti-corrosion, coating cross-linking, etc. Therefore, there may be more or less in products
  • the residual formaldehyde which has three binding modes with leather and textile fabrics, mainly includes free formaldehyde molecules, reversible bonding and irreversible bonding formaldehyde molecules.
  • Formaldehyde is a harmful gas with strong irritation, which is very harmful to the human body. Long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde can cause chronic respiratory diseases.
  • the leather parts shall not exceed 150mg/kg.
  • Relevant national standards in my country stipulate that the free formaldehyde content of leather products that directly contact the skin is ⁇ 75mg/kg; the free formaldehyde content of leather products that do not directly contact the skin is ⁇ 150mg/kg; the free formaldehyde content of baby leather products is ⁇ 20mg/kg.
  • the implementation of the limit standard for free formaldehyde in leather products not only represents the development trend of leather products, but also a new challenge facing the leather industry and manufacturers. According to the chemical and physical properties of formaldehyde, combined with the characteristics of the leather industry, it is of great practical significance to adopt appropriate formaldehyde capture technology to control the free formaldehyde content in leather and textile fabric products.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing leather and textile fabrics with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell.
  • the leather and textile fabrics prepared by the method are soft and comfortable, have strong abrasion resistance, antibacterial, and can effectively inhibit leather and textile fabrics.
  • the textile fabric is moldy and deteriorates, and it can remove formaldehyde and peculiar smell.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing leather and textile fabrics with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar odors.
  • the present invention can make the finished product soft and comfortable. While effectively inhibiting the mildew and deterioration of leather and textile fabrics, it can remove formaldehyde and peculiar odors. .
  • a preparation method of leather and textile fabrics with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell including the following steps:
  • Antibacterial treatment spray pretreated leather and textile fabric with antibacterial agent, solidify and dry, to obtain antibacterial treatment material;
  • auxiliary agent Apply the anti-bacterial treatment material obtained in the step (1) with an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and let it stand at 80-90°C for 2-3 hours to obtain the auxiliary agent material;
  • step (3) Dry finishing: curing and drying the additive material obtained in step (2);
  • the dried and added auxiliary material in the step (3) is subjected to coating finishing with formaldehyde and peculiar smell removal, curing and drying, to obtain leather and textile fabrics with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell.
  • the present invention performs antibacterial treatment on pretreated leather and textile fabrics such as dyeing, finishing, etc., adding an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and performing the operation steps of coating and finishing with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell.
  • the obtained finished leather and textile fabrics can not only inhibit the release of formaldehyde and odor contained in the material itself, but also can efficiently and long-term adsorb, decompose and remove pollutants in the environment, and can be sterilized and mildew resistant, and can be stored and stored for a long time. use.
  • the step (1) antibacterial ingredients include the following raw materials by weight: 20-32 parts of purslane, 10-16 parts of mugwort, 4-10 parts of hops, 10-22 parts of saponins, 4-10 parts of honeysuckle Parts, 6-15 parts of natural polymer eugenol extracted from plant essential oils, 0.2-1 part of cross-linking agent, obtained after soaking in ethanol using a soaking machine.
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial agent is: weigh the purslane, mugwort, hops, saponins, honeysuckle according to the proportions, pulverize and mix, add 15-25 times the weight of the Chinese herbal medicine in ethanol, at 40-45°C After soaking for 10-15 hours, filtering to obtain the soaking liquid, vacuum concentrating to obtain a concentrated liquid, and then mixing the concentrated liquid with the natural macromolecular eugenol extracted from the plant essential oil and the cross-linking agent to obtain an antibacterial agent.
  • the crosslinking agent includes one or more of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, polyphosphate, borax, and methacrylamide.
  • the antibacterial agent of the present invention has superior bacteriostasis and sterilization functions, fast sterilization rate, high efficiency, and most of the ingredients are pure natural herbal ingredients, non-hazardous, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, and can play the dual role of sterilization and mildew resistance. It is beneficial to the long-term use and preservation of leather and textile fabrics, and the preparation method is simple, the effective ingredients are thoroughly extracted, and the operation is convenient.
  • the auxiliary ingredients of the step (2) include the following raw materials by weight: 30-50 parts by weight of camellia oil, 10-15 parts of plant flavor, 5-10 parts of polyurethane, 5-10 parts of imidantone, modified oxidation 1-3 parts of graphene, 1-3 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 1-5 parts of surfactants, 5-10 parts of antioxidants, 30-40 parts of deionized water.
  • the surfactant includes one of tallow fatty acid alcohol amide, soybean oil fatty acid polyethylene glycol monoester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and sorbitan fatty acid ester.
  • the antioxidants include 2,6-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol, bis(3,5-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, N-dibutyl Any one of zinc base amino dithioformate.
  • the preparation method of the auxiliary agent is to take a blender, add camellia oil, plant essence, polyurethane, imidantone and 50wt% deionized water into the blender in sequence, and stir for 2-3h at 25-30°C, and stir. Speed 600-800 rpm/min; then add modified graphene oxide, nano-titanium dioxide, surfactants, antioxidants and the remaining deionized water into the mixer, heat up to 45-50°C, and rotate at 800-1000 rpm/min Stir for 1-2h, cool to room temperature, filter, and adjust the pH value between 6.8-8.0 to obtain the auxiliary agent.
  • Methylene hydrogen has strong activity. It can easily capture free formaldehyde by synergistic effect with imino groups between different molecules. It is prone to polycondensation reaction with formaldehyde under normal temperature and pressure.
  • the active hydrogen is replaced by aminomethyl (-CH2NR). ) Form a new and more stable polymer, and will further form a network polymer film. It can not only play a blocking role, but the effective functional group of its end group can continue to react with formaldehyde to form a new polymer film.
  • the polymer produced is non-toxic, harmless, does not produce secondary pollution, and does not have harmful effects to the human body.
  • Camellia oil can not only give leather fullness, softness and other characteristics, but also significantly improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the leather.
  • the present invention acts on leather and textile fabrics, so that on the basis of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, the tensile strength and tearing strength are improved at the same time.
  • the step (4) has the coating for removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts by weight of amino acids, 20-30 parts of water-based intermediates, 1-5 parts of ammonium salt additives, and photocatalyst material 1- 3 parts, 5-10 parts of water-soluble nano anion, 1-3 parts of graphene oxide, 5-15 parts of polyethylene glycol.
  • the preparation method of the coating for removing formaldehyde and odor is: after the graphene oxide solution and the photocatalyst material are ultrasonically dispersed, amino acids, water-soluble nano anions, vegetable essential oils, polyethylene glycol and aqueous intermediates are added and then mixed evenly. , Filter, and get the coating.
  • the photocatalyst material includes any one of nanometer TiO 2 , nanometer Fe 2 O 3 , nanometer SnO 2 , and nanometer ZnS; and the ammonium salt promoter is a low molecular weight organic amine compound.
  • the soaking machine includes a medicinal material crushing device and a soaking device.
  • the medicinal material crushing device includes a cabinet in which a crushing mechanism is installed.
  • the soaking device includes a plurality of sedimentation tubes and a plurality of soaking tubes.
  • the soaking tube is located above the sedimentation tube and has two ends of the soaking tube. Connecting a sedimentation tube to form a through tube alternately communicating with the sedimentation tube and the immersion tube.
  • One end of the through tube is connected to the bottom of the chassis, and the other end of the through tube is closed; the position on the through tube where the sedimentation tube communicates with the immersion tube is provided with a first outlet hole,
  • the flow pipe is horizontally slidably connected to the flow pipe, the first outlet hole is located on the side where the flow pipe contacts the flow pipe, the flow pipe is provided with a second outlet hole, the first outlet hole and the second outlet
  • the positions of the holes correspond, the first outlet pipe can be aligned with the second outlet pipe when the flow pipe slides;
  • the flow pipe is fixedly connected with a blocking plate, which penetrates through the side wall of the through pipe and seals sliding with the side wall of the through pipe After the fluid pipe slides, the blocking plate can block the through pipe.
  • One end of the fluid pipe is equipped with a receiving box.
  • the fluid pipe extends into the receiving box and is slidably connected to the receiving box.
  • the through pipe is located under the chassis.
  • the bottom of the receiving box is located below the liquid pipe; the end of the liquid pipe away from the receiving box is provided with a cam, and the cam can resist the liquid pipe when it rotates.
  • Amino acids have a certain activity, can remove formaldehyde, and protect leather and textile fabrics; water-soluble nano-anion has a good effect of removing formaldehyde and deodorizing; photocatalyst materials can be exposed to light, can produce negative ions, can be It can effectively kill a variety of bacteria, and has the functions of removing formaldehyde, deodorizing, anti-pollution, and purifying the air; polyethylene glycol has a good stabilizing effect on the overall system and can assist the above several substances to play their roles.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the antibacterial agent of this program has the dual effects of high efficiency and long-term sterilization and mildew resistance, which is beneficial to the long-term use and preservation of leather and textile fabrics.
  • the soaking machine used in this scheme enables the crushed medicinal powder to be deposited in the sedimentation tube after entering the through tube.
  • the medicinal powder is not left with the liquid in the soaking tube, and the medicinal powder is collected collectively for easy handling .
  • the through pipe in this scheme is curved up and down by the soaking pipe and the sedimentation tube, so that the powder of medicinal material in the turbid liquid enters the through pipe and is dispersed in each part of the through pipe, and can be dispersed and deposited in each sedimentation pipe during deposition.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view at B in Fig. 2.
  • the reference signs in the drawings of the specification include: input pipe 1, cabinet 2, feed hopper 3, crushing mechanism 4, cam 5, vent pipe 6, soak pipe 7, sedimentation pipe 8, drain valve 9, flow pipe 10 , The receiving box 11, the second liquid outlet 12, the baffle 13, the first liquid outlet 14, the blocking plate 15, and the frame 16.
  • Antibacterial treatment spray the pretreated leather with an antibacterial agent, solidify and dry, to obtain an antibacterial treatment material;
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial agent is as follows: weigh 20 parts of purslane, 10 parts of mugwort, 4 parts of hops, 10 parts of saponins, 4 parts of honeysuckle, crush and mix, add 15 times the weight of Chinese herbal medicine in ethanol, and soak at 40°C 10h, filter to obtain the soaking liquid, vacuum concentration to obtain a concentrated liquid, and then mix the concentrated liquid with 6 parts of natural macromolecular eugenol extracted from plant essential oil and 0.2 parts of calcium chloride to obtain an antibacterial agent.
  • auxiliary agent Apply the anti-bacterial treatment material obtained in step (1) with an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and let it stand at 80°C for 2 hours to obtain the auxiliary agent material;
  • the preparation method of the adjuvant is as follows: Take a blender, add 30 parts of camellia oil, 10 parts of plant flavor, 5 parts of polyurethane, 5 parts of imidantone and 15 parts of deionized water into the blender in sequence, and stir at 25°C for 2 hours. Speed 600 rpm/min; then add 1 part of modified graphene oxide, 1 part of nano-titanium dioxide, 1 part of tallow fatty acid alcohol amide, 5 parts of 2,6-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol and the remaining deionized water Add 15 parts to a mixer, heat to 45°C, stir at 800 rpm/min for 1 hour, cool to room temperature, filter, and adjust the pH value between 6.8-8.0 to obtain the auxiliary agent.
  • step (3) Dry finishing: curing and drying the additive material obtained in step (2);
  • the coating includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of amino acids, 20 parts of water-based intermediates, 1 part of low molecular weight organic amine compounds, 1 part of nano-TiO 2 , 5 parts of water-soluble nano anions, 1 part of graphene oxide, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol Copies.
  • the preparation method of the coating is as follows: after the graphene oxide solution and nano-TiO 2 are ultrasonically dispersed, amino acid, water-soluble nano-anion, vegetable essential oil, polyethylene glycol and water-based intermediate are added and mixed, filtered to obtain the coating.
  • Antibacterial treatment spray the pretreated textile fabric with antibacterial agent, solidify and dry to obtain antibacterial treatment material;
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial agent is as follows: weigh 20 parts of purslane, 10 parts of mugwort, 4 parts of hops, 10 parts of saponins, 4 parts of honeysuckle, crush and mix, add 25 times the weight of Chinese herbal medicine in ethanol, and soak at 40°C 15h, filter to obtain the soaking liquid, vacuum concentration to obtain a concentrated liquid, and then mix the concentrated liquid with 8 parts of natural macromolecular eugenol extracted from plant essential oil and 0.5 parts of magnesium chloride to obtain the antibacterial agent.
  • auxiliary agent Apply the anti-bacterial treatment material obtained in step (1) with an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and let it stand at 80°C for 3 hours to obtain the auxiliary agent material;
  • the preparation method of the adjuvant is as follows: Take a blender, add 30 parts of camellia oil, 10 parts of plant flavor, 5 parts of polyurethane, 5 parts of emidalone and 15 parts of deionized water into the blender in sequence, and stir at 28°C for 2h. Speed 600 rpm/min; then mix 2 parts of modified graphene oxide, 1 part of nano-titanium dioxide, 1 part of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 5 parts of zinc N-dibutylamino dithioformate and 15 parts of remaining deionized water Add a stirrer, heat to 48°C, stir at 800 rpm/min for 1 hour, cool to room temperature, filter, and adjust the pH value between 6.8-8.0 to obtain the adjuvant.
  • step (3) Dry finishing: curing and drying the additive material obtained in step (2);
  • step (3) Carry out the formaldehyde and peculiar smell-removing coating finish with the additive material that has been dried in step (3).
  • the coating amount is 20ml/dm 2 , curing and drying, to obtain a formaldehyde-removing function and peculiar smell Textile fabrics.
  • the coating includes the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts by amino acid, 20 parts by water-based intermediate, 1 part by low molecular weight organic amine compound, 1 part by nano Fe 2 O 3 , 5 parts by water-soluble nano anion, 1 part by graphene oxide, polyethylene glycol 5 servings.
  • the preparation method of the coating is as follows: after the graphene oxide solution and nano Fe 2 O 3 are ultrasonically dispersed, amino acid, water-soluble nano anion, vegetable essential oil, polyethylene glycol and water-based intermediate are added and mixed, filtered to obtain the coating .
  • Antibacterial treatment spray the pretreated leather with an antibacterial agent, solidify and dry, to obtain an antibacterial treatment material;
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial agent is as follows: weigh 25 parts of purslane, 13 parts of mugwort, 6 parts of hops, 16 parts of saponins, and 6 parts of honeysuckle, crush and mix, add 20 times the weight of Chinese herbal medicine in ethanol, and soak at 40°C 13h, filter to obtain the soaking liquid, concentrate in vacuum to obtain a concentrated liquid, and then mix the concentrated liquid with 10 parts of natural macromolecular eugenol extracted from plant essential oil and 0.5 part of polyphosphate evenly to obtain an antibacterial agent.
  • auxiliary agent Apply the anti-bacterial treatment material obtained in step (1) with an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and let it stand at 90°C for 3 hours to obtain the auxiliary agent material;
  • the preparation method of the adjuvant is as follows: Take a blender, add 40 parts of camellia oil, 12 parts of plant flavor, 7 parts of polyurethane, 8 parts of imidantone and 20 parts of deionized water into the blender in sequence, and stir at 25°C for 2h. Speed 700 rpm/min; then 2 parts of modified graphene oxide, 2 parts of nano-titanium dioxide composite, 3 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 8 parts of 2,6-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol and Add 20 parts of the remaining deionized water to the mixer, heat to 45°C, stir at 900 rpm/min for 1 hour, cool to room temperature, filter, and adjust the pH value between 6.8-8.0 to obtain the adjuvant.
  • step (3) Dry finishing: curing and drying the additive material obtained in step (2);
  • step (3) Carry out the formaldehyde and peculiar smell-removing coating finish with the additive material that has been dried in step (3).
  • the coating amount is 25ml/dm 2 , curing and drying, to obtain a formaldehyde-removing function and peculiar smell leather.
  • the coating includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of amino acids, 25 parts of water-based intermediates, 3 parts of low molecular weight organic amine compounds, 2 parts of nano Fe 2 O 3 , 8 parts of water-soluble nano anions, 2 parts of graphene oxide, and polyethylene oxide 10 parts of alcohol.
  • the preparation method of the coating is as follows: after the graphene oxide solution and nano Fe 2 O 3 are ultrasonically dispersed, amino acid, water-soluble nano anion, vegetable essential oil, polyethylene glycol and water-based intermediate are added and mixed, filtered to obtain the coating .
  • Antibacterial treatment spray the pretreated textile fabric with antibacterial agent, solidify and dry to obtain antibacterial treatment material;
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial agent is as follows: weigh 25 parts of purslane, 13 parts of mugwort, 6 parts of hops, 16 parts of saponins, and 6 parts of honeysuckle, crush and mix, add 25 times the weight of Chinese herbal medicine in ethanol, and soak at 45°C 15h, filter to obtain the soaking liquid, concentrate in vacuum to obtain a concentrated liquid, and then mix the concentrated liquid with 10 parts of natural macromolecular eugenol extracted from plant essential oil and 0.5 part of polyphosphate to obtain an antibacterial agent.
  • auxiliary agent Apply the anti-bacterial treatment material obtained in step (1) with an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and let it stand at 80°C for 3 hours to obtain the auxiliary agent material;
  • the preparation method of the adjuvant is as follows: Take a blender, add 40 parts of camellia oil, 12 parts of plant flavor, 7 parts of polyurethane, 8 parts of imidantone and 20 parts of deionized water into the blender in sequence, and stir at 30°C for 3 hours.
  • step (3) Dry finishing: curing and drying the additive material obtained in step (2);
  • step (3) Carry out the formaldehyde and peculiar smell-removing coating finish with the additive material that has been dried in step (3).
  • the coating amount is 25ml/dm 2 , curing and drying, to obtain a formaldehyde-removing function and peculiar smell Textile fabrics.
  • the coating includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of amino acids, 25 parts of water-based intermediates, 3 parts of low molecular weight organic amine compounds, 2 parts of nano Fe 2 O 3 , 8 parts of water-soluble nano anions, 2 parts of graphene oxide, and polyethylene oxide 10 parts of alcohol.
  • the preparation method of the coating is as follows: after the graphene oxide solution and nano Fe 2 O 3 are ultrasonically dispersed, amino acid, water-soluble nano anion, vegetable essential oil, polyethylene glycol and water-based intermediate are added and mixed, filtered to obtain the coating .
  • Antibacterial treatment spray the pretreated leather with an antibacterial agent, solidify and dry, to obtain an antibacterial treatment material;
  • the preparation method of the antibacterial agent is as follows: weigh 32 parts of purslane, 16 parts of mugwort, 10 parts of hops, 22 parts of saponins, and 10 parts of honeysuckle, crush and mix, add 25 times the weight of Chinese herbal medicine in ethanol, and soak at 45°C 15h, filter to obtain the soaking liquid, vacuum concentration to obtain a concentrated liquid, and then mix the concentrated liquid with 15 parts of natural macromolecular eugenol extracted from plant essential oil and 1 part of methacrylamide to obtain the antibacterial agent.
  • auxiliary agent Apply the anti-bacterial treatment material obtained in step (1) with an auxiliary agent with the function of removing formaldehyde and peculiar smell, and let it stand at 90°C for 3 hours to obtain the auxiliary agent material;
  • the preparation method of the adjuvant is as follows: Take a blender, add 50 parts of camellia oil, 15 parts of plant flavor, 10 parts of polyurethane, 10 parts of imidantone and 20 parts of deionized water into the blender in sequence, and stir at 30°C for 3h, then stir Speed 800 rpm/min; then 3 parts of modified graphene oxide, 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 5 parts of soybean oil fatty acid polyethylene glycol monoester, bis(3,5-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) Add 10 parts of sulfide and 20 parts of the remaining deionized water to the mixer, heat up to 50°C, stir for 2h at 1000 rpm/min, cool to room temperature, filter, and adjust the pH value between 6.8-8.0. Agent.
  • step (3) Dry finishing: curing and drying the additive material obtained in step (2);
  • the coating includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of amino acids, 30 parts of water-based intermediates, 5 parts of low molecular weight organic amine compounds, 3 parts of nano SnO 2 , 10 parts of water-soluble nano anions, 3 parts of graphene oxide, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol Copies.
  • the preparation method of the coating is as follows: after the graphene oxide solution and nano SnO 2 are ultrasonically dispersed, amino acid, water-soluble nano anion, vegetable essential oil, polyethylene glycol and water-based intermediate are added and mixed, filtered to obtain the coating.
  • the raw materials are the same as in Example 1, the step (1) antibacterial treatment is omitted, and the remaining operation steps are the same.
  • the raw materials are the same as in Example 1, the step (2) and the additives are omitted, and the rest of the operation steps are the same.
  • Pretreated leather pretreated textile fabric.
  • test methods and test results are as follows:
  • the formaldehyde removal rate can reach more than 95%, which is much higher than the comparative example, indicating that the present invention has a significant formaldehyde removal effect.
  • Test strain Place the plate filled with Cha's medium in the air for 1 hour, and then put it into the mold incubator to cultivate the test strain;
  • Water-washed samples Cut Example 1, Example 3, Example 5, Comparative Example 1 and blank leather products into 2cm diameter discs, rinse with running water for 24h, and dry for later use;
  • Test strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans;
  • Antibacterial test sample Cut Example 1, Example 3, Example 5, Comparative Example 1 and blank leather products into 2cm diameter discs, soak them in a beaker containing 50ml distilled water for 24h, and dry them for later use;
  • the manufacturing method provided by the present invention still has long-lasting broad-spectrum anti-mildew and anti-bacterial properties after being washed with water, and is safe and environmentally friendly. It is an excellent anti-mildew and antibacterial leather.
  • Example 6 On the basis of Example 1, the preparation of the antibacterial agent uses a soaking machine, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, including a medicinal material crushing device and a soaking device.
  • the medicinal material crushing device includes a cabinet 2 and a cabinet 2.
  • a crushing mechanism 4 is installed inside, and the crushing mechanism 4 is an impeller type crushing mechanism.
  • a feed hopper 3 is installed on the cabinet 2, and the discharge position of the feed hopper 3 is aligned with the action part of the crushing impeller.
  • An ethanol input pipe 1 is connected to the chassis 2.
  • the soaking device includes a receiving box 11, a frame 16, a number of sedimentation tubes 8, and a number of soaking tubes 7.
  • the sedimentation tube 8 is in the shape of a semicircle, and the soaking tube 7 is in the shape of an inverted U.
  • the immersion tube 7 is located above the deposition tube 8, and two ends of the immersion tube 7 are respectively connected with a deposition tube 8 to form a through pipe in which the deposition tube 8 and the immersion tube 7 are alternately connected.
  • One end of the through pipe is connected to the bottom of the chassis 2 and the other end of the through pipe is closed.
  • a first liquid outlet hole 14 is provided at the position where the deposition tube 8 communicates with the immersion tube 7 on the through tube.
  • a fluid pipe 10 is slidably connected to the frame 16.
  • the fluid pipe 10 is a horizontal rectangular pipe, and the cross section of the through pipe is a rectangular box shape.
  • the fluid pipe 10 is located between the through pipe and the frame 16, and the fluid pipe 10 is in sliding contact with the through pipe on the side away from the frame 16, and a sealing rubber gasket is installed at the sliding contact.
  • the first liquid outlet hole 14 is located on the side where the through pipe is in contact with the liquid pipe 10, and the liquid pipe 10 is provided with a second liquid outlet hole 12.
  • the positions of the first outlet hole 14 and the second outlet hole 12 are on the same horizontal straight line.
  • a vertical vent pipe 6 is connected to the fluid pipe 10, and the top end of the vent pipe 6 is higher than the through pipe.
  • the through pipe is fixedly connected with a baffle 13 for blocking the first liquid outlet 14 and a sealing gasket is fixedly connected between the baffle 13 and the first liquid outlet 14 to prevent more liquid from leaving the first liquid outlet 14 .
  • a horizontal plugging plate 15 is fixedly connected to the flow pipe 10.
  • the plugging plate 15 penetrates the side wall of the pipe and is slidably connected to the side wall of the pipe.
  • the plugging plate 15 slides with the pipe.
  • a sealing rubber gasket is installed at the connection. After the fluid pipe 10 slides to the right, the first fluid pipe can be aligned with the second fluid pipe, and the blocking plate 15 can block the through pipe.
  • a return spring (not shown in the figure) for resetting the fluid tube 10 is fixedly connected between the fluid tube 10 and the frame 16.
  • the liquid pipe 10 extends into the receiving box 11 and is slidably connected with the receiving box 11, the through pipe is located under the cabinet 2, and the bottom of the receiving box 11 is located under the liquid pipe 10.
  • a cam 5 is provided at one end of the liquid pipe 10 away from the receiving box 11, and the cam 5 can abut against the liquid pipe 10 when it rotates.
  • the center of the cam 5 is driven by a motor.
  • a drain valve 9 is installed at the bottom of the sedimentation tube 8 to drain the deposited medicinal powder.
  • the drain valve 9 can be opened to drain the deposited medicinal powder.
  • the cam 5 no longer abuts against the liquid outlet tube, the liquid outlet tube moves to the left under the action of the return spring, the first liquid outlet hole 14 and the second liquid outlet hole 12 are staggered, and the liquid in the tank enters the soaking tube 7 .

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Abstract

一种具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)抗菌处理：将预处理好的皮革和纺织面料进行抗菌剂喷涂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；(2)加助剂：将所述步骤(1)得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于80-90℃静置2-3h，得加助剂料；(3)干整理：将所述步骤(2)得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；(4)涂饰：将所述步骤(3)干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的皮革和纺织面料。通过该方法制备的皮革和纺织面料柔软舒适，耐磨性强，抗菌，能够有效抑制皮革和纺织面料发霉变质，同时能够除甲醛和异味。

Description

具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及皮革加工技术领域，特别涉及一种具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法。
 背景技术
皮革和纺织面料可制备鞋子、服装、帽子、装饰品及家具等，制备的产品都是在日常生活中经常用到。
 技术问题
甲醛价廉易得，性价比非常高，甲醛及其衍生物在制革和纺织面料中的应用非常多，如鞣制、直毛固定、防腐、涂饰交联等，因此，制品中可能或多或少的残留有甲醛，其与皮革和纺织面料有3种结合方式，主要有游离的甲醛分子、可逆键合和不可逆键合的甲醛分子。甲醛是一种有强烈刺激性的有害气体，对人体有很大的危害。长期接触低剂量甲醛可引起慢性呼吸道疾病，严重的可致人体质下降，易感冒、脱发、食欲丧失、体重减轻、软弱无力、持久性头痛、心悸和失眠等，甚至还会引起基因突变、诱发癌症。皮革制品中甲醛一旦释放出来并达到一定量时，就会对人体造成危害，许多国家对皮革产品中的甲醛限量制定了一系列标准，例如美国要求鞋类产品的甲醛含量小于75 mg/kg。欧盟指令2002/231/EC规定，鞋的织物中不水解或部分水解甲醛的含量不得超过75mg/kg。皮革部件中不得超过150mg/kg。我国相关国家标准规定：直接接触皮肤的皮革产品游离甲醛含量≤75mg/kg；非直接接触皮肤的皮革产品游离甲醛含量≤150mg/kg；婴儿用皮革产品游离甲醛含量≤20mg/kg。针对皮革制品中游离甲醛限量标准的实施，既代表着皮革产品的发展趋势，也是皮革工业和制造者面临的新挑战。依据甲醛的化学和物理性质，结合制革行业自身特点，采取适宜的甲醛捕捉技术来控制皮革和纺织面料制品中游离甲醛含量达标，具有重要的现实意义。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，通过该方法制备的皮革和纺织面料柔软舒适，耐磨性强，抗菌，能够有效抑制皮革和纺织面料发霉变质，同时能够除甲醛和异味。
 技术解决方案
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，本发明能使成品柔软舒适，在有效抑制皮革和纺织面料发霉变质的同时，能够除甲醛和异味。
一种具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的皮革和纺织面料进行抗菌剂喷涂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
（2）加助剂：将所述步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于80-90℃静置2-3h，得加助剂料；
（3）干整理：将所述步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
（4）涂饰：将所述步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的皮革和纺织面料。
本发明通过在染色、修整等预处理好的皮革和纺织面料上进行抗菌处理、加具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂处理、进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰等操作步骤，使得本发明得到的成品皮革和纺织面料不仅能够抑制材料本身含有的甲醛和异味的释放，同时能够高效、长久的将环境中的污染物进行吸附、分解和去除，并且能够杀菌抗霉，能够长久的保存和使用。
优选地，所述步骤（1）抗菌剂成份包括如下重量份原料：马齿苋20-32份、艾叶10-16份、蛇麻子4-10份、皂角10-22份、金银花4-10份、植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚6-15份、交联剂0.2-1份，使用浸泡机用乙醇浸泡后得到。
优选地，所述抗菌剂的制备方法为：按照比例称取马齿苋、艾叶、蛇麻子、皂角、金银花，粉碎并混合，加入15-25倍中草药重量的乙醇，在40-45℃条件下浸泡10-15h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将所述浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚、交联剂混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
优选地，所述交联剂包括氯化钙、氯化镁、多磷酸盐、硼砂、甲基丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种。
本发明的抗菌剂具有优越的抑菌杀菌功能，杀菌的速率快、效率高，且成份大部分为纯天然草药成份，无危害性，具有无毒、环保的特点，能够发挥杀菌抗霉的双重作用，有利于皮革和纺织面料的长期使用和保存，并且制备方法简单，提取有效成份彻底，便于操作。
优选地，所述步骤（2）助剂成份包括如下重量份原料：山茶油30-50份，植物香精10-15份，聚氨酯5-10份，艾米达酮5-10份，改性氧化石墨烯1-3份，纳米二氧化钛1-3份，表面活性剂1-5份，抗氧剂5-10份，去离子水30-40份。
优选地，所述表面活性剂包括牛油脂肪酸醇酰胺、大豆油脂肪酸聚乙二醇单酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或几种；所述抗氧剂包括2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚、双(3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚、N-二丁基氨基二硫代甲酸锌中的任意一种。
优选地，所述助剂的制备方法为取搅拌机，将山茶油、植物香精、聚氨酯、艾米达酮及50wt%的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在25-30℃下搅拌2-3h，搅拌速度 600-800 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯、纳米二氧化钛、表面活性剂、抗氧剂及剩余去离子水加入搅拌机，升温至45-50℃，在800-1000 rpm/min的转速下搅拌1-2h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
艾米达酮原料中含有丰富的亚甲基活泼氢，由于与亚甲基邻位的亚氨基HN=(或-NH-)，以及碳氧双键(C=O)的强极化作用使亚甲基氢具有很强活泼性，与不同分子间的亚氨基协同作用极易捕获游离甲醛，在常温常压下与甲醛之间很容易发生缩聚反应，活泼氢被氨甲基取代（-CH2NR）形成一种新的更稳定聚合物，并会进一步形成网状高分子膜。不仅可以起封闭作用，其端基有效官能团还可以继续与甲醛反应，形成新的高分子膜，所产生的高分子聚合物无毒、无害，不产生二次污染，不存在对人体有害的有机物质，所以艾米达酮对甲醛去除过程包括捕捉吸收和反应两部分达到长久稳定；改性氧化石墨烯和纳米二氧化钛能够作为强效吸附剂和去甲醛剂等可以辅助去除上述异味污染物，使得产品的效果更好；山茶油既能赋予皮革丰满、柔软等特性，又能显著提高皮革的抗张强度和撕裂强度。本发明通过上述各物质相互搭配，作用于皮革和纺织面料，使其在具有去除甲醛和异味的基础上，同时提高其抗张强度和撕裂强度。
优选地，所述步骤（4）具有除甲醛和异味的涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸5-10份，水性中间体20-30份，铵盐助剂1-5份，光触媒材料1-3份，水溶性纳米负离子5-10份，氧化石墨烯1-3份，聚乙二醇5-15份。
优选地，所述除甲醛和异味的涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和光触媒材料超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
优选地，所述光触媒材料包括纳米TiO 2、纳米Fe 2O 3、纳米SnO 2、纳米ZnS中的任意一种；所述铵盐助剂为低分子量有机胺化合物。
优选地，所述浸泡机包括药材粉碎装置和浸泡装置，药材粉碎装置包括机箱，机箱内安装有粉碎机构，浸泡装置包括若干沉积管、若干浸泡管，浸泡管位于沉积管上方，浸泡管两端分别连接一沉积管形成沉积管、浸泡管交替连通的通管，通管一端与机箱底部连通，通管另一端封闭；通管上沉积管与浸泡管连通的位置设有第一出液孔，通管上水平滑动连接有流液管，第一出液孔位于通管与流液管接触的一侧，流液管上设有第二出液孔，第一出液孔与第二出液孔位置对应，流液管滑动时第一出液管能与第二出液管对齐；流液管上固定连接有封堵板，封堵板贯穿通管侧壁并与通管侧壁密封滑动连接，流液管滑动后，封堵板能将通管封堵，流液管一端设有接料箱，流液管伸入接料箱内并与接料箱滑动连接，通管位于机箱下方，接料箱底部位于流液管下方；流液管远离接料箱的一端设有凸轮，凸轮转动时能与流液管相抵。
氨基酸具备一定的活性，能够具备除甲醛的效果，同时还能保护皮革和纺织面料；水溶性纳米负离子具备较好的去除甲醛和除味效果；光触媒材料能够接触到光线，可以产生负离子，能够能有效杀灭多种细菌，具备除甲醛、除臭、抗污、净化空气等功能；聚乙二醇对整体体系具备较好的稳定效果，能够协助以上几种物质发挥作用。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）本方案中所使用的各组分均对环境和人体无害，适用范围广，使用时对人、革制品及自然环境无损害。
（2）本方案中的甲醛和异味清除组分很好地解决了各类皮革和纺织面料中的甲醛、苯系物、和TVOC等污染物的处理问题，同时可以将环境中的污染物去除。
（3）本方案抗菌剂具有高效、长久杀菌抗霉的双重作用，有利于皮革和纺织面料的长期使用和保存。
（4）本方案制备方法简便，具有良好的市场前景。
（5）本方案使用的浸泡机能使粉碎后的药材粉末在进入通管后沉积在沉积管内，在取出液体时使药材粉末不随浸泡管中的液体一起留出，同时集中收集药材粉末，便于处理。
（6）本方案利用大气压使液体流动，最大程度上节约了能源。
（7）本方案中的通管由浸泡管和沉积管形成上下弯曲状，使浑浊液体中的药材粉末进入通管后分散在通管的各个部分，沉积时能分散沉积在各个沉积管中，配合封堵板避免沉积的药材粉末进入接料箱中。
（8）本方案中封堵板、通管与流液管组成的浸泡、间歇取液结构，减小了设备体积。
（9）本方案将中药材粉碎后浸泡，减少了浸泡时长。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例6的结构示意图；
图2为图1中A处的放大图；
图3为图2中B处的剖视图。
说明书附图中的附图标记包括：输入管1、机箱2、进料斗3、粉碎机构4、凸轮5、透气管6、浸泡管7、沉积管8、排液阀9、流液管10、接料箱11、第二出液孔12、挡板13、第一出液孔14、封堵板15、机架16。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围
实施例1
（1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的皮革进行喷涂抗菌剂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
 抗菌剂的制备方法如下：称取马齿苋20份、艾叶10份、蛇麻子4份、皂角10份、金银花4份粉碎并混合，加入15倍中草药重量的乙醇，在40℃条件下浸泡10h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚6份、氯化钙0.2份混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
（2）加助剂：将步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于80℃静置2h，得加助剂料；
助剂的制备方法如下：取搅拌机，将山茶油30份，植物香精10份，聚氨酯5份、艾米达酮5份及15份的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在25℃下搅拌2h，搅拌速度 600 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯1份、纳米二氧化钛1份、牛油脂肪酸醇酰胺1份、2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚5份及剩余去离子水15份加入搅拌机，升温至45℃，在800 rpm/min的转速下搅拌1h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
（3）干整理：将步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
（4）涂饰：将步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，涂层的涂抹量为20ml/dm 2，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的皮革。
涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸5份，水性中间体20份，低分子量有机胺化合物1份，纳米TiO 21份，水溶性纳米负离子5份，氧化石墨烯1份，聚乙二醇5份。
涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和纳米TiO 2超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
实施例2
（1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的纺织面料进行喷涂抗菌剂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
 抗菌剂的制备方法如下：称取马齿苋20份、艾叶10份、蛇麻子4份、皂角10份、金银花4份粉碎并混合，加入25倍中草药重量的乙醇，在40℃条件下浸泡15h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚8份、氯化镁0.5份混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
（2）加助剂：将步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于80℃静置3h，得加助剂料；
助剂的制备方法如下：取搅拌机，将山茶油30份，植物香精10份，聚氨酯5份、艾米达酮5份及15份的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在28℃下搅拌2h，搅拌速度 600 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯2份、纳米二氧化钛1份、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1份、N-二丁基氨基二硫代甲酸锌5份及剩余去离子水15份加入搅拌机，升温至48℃，在800 rpm/min的转速下搅拌1h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
（3）干整理：将步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
（4）涂饰：将步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，涂层的涂抹量为20ml/dm 2，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的纺织面料。
涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸5份，水性中间体20份，低分子量有机胺化合物1份纳米Fe 2O 31份，水溶性纳米负离子5份，氧化石墨烯1份，聚乙二醇5份。
涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和纳米Fe 2O 3超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
实施例3
（1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的皮革进行喷涂抗菌剂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
  抗菌剂的制备方法如下：称取马齿苋25份、艾叶13份、蛇麻子6份、皂角16份、金银花6份粉碎并混合，加入20倍中草药重量的乙醇，在40℃条件下浸泡13h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚10份、多磷酸盐0.5份混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
（2）加助剂：将步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于90℃静置3h，得加助剂料；
助剂的制备方法如下：取搅拌机，将山茶油40份，植物香精12份，聚氨酯7份、艾米达酮8份及20份的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在25℃下搅拌2h，搅拌速度 700 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯2份、纳米二氧化钛复合物2份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚3份、2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚8份及剩余去离子水20份加入搅拌机，升温至45℃，在900 rpm/min的转速下搅拌1h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
（3）干整理：将步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
（4）涂饰：将步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，涂层的涂抹量为25ml/dm 2，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的皮革。
涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸8份，水性中间体25份，低分子量有机胺化合物3份，纳米Fe 2O 32份，水溶性纳米负离子8份，氧化石墨烯2份，聚乙二醇10份。
涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和纳米Fe 2O 3超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
实施例4
（1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的纺织面料进行喷涂抗菌剂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
 抗菌剂的制备方法如下：称取马齿苋25份、艾叶13份、蛇麻子6份、皂角16份、金银花6份粉碎并混合，加入25倍中草药重量的乙醇，在45℃条件下浸泡15h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚10份、多磷酸盐0.5份混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
（2）加助剂：将步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于80℃静置3h，得加助剂料；
助剂的制备方法如下：取搅拌机，将山茶油40份，植物香精12份，聚氨酯7份、艾米达酮8份及20份的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在30℃下搅拌3h，搅拌速度 800 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯2份、纳米二氧化钛2份、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚3份、2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚8份及剩余去离子水20份加入搅拌机，升温至50℃，在1000 rpm/min的转速下搅拌2h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
（3）干整理：将步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
（4）涂饰：将步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，涂层的涂抹量为25ml/dm 2，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的纺织面料。
涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸8份，水性中间体25份，低分子量有机胺化合物3份，纳米Fe 2O 32份，水溶性纳米负离子8份，氧化石墨烯2份，聚乙二醇10份。
涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和纳米Fe 2O 3超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
实施例5
（1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的皮革进行喷涂抗菌剂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
 抗菌剂的制备方法如下：称取马齿苋32份、艾叶16份、蛇麻子10份、皂角22份、金银花10份粉碎并混合，加入25倍中草药重量的乙醇，在45℃条件下浸泡15h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚15份、甲基丙烯酰胺1份混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
（2）加助剂：将步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于90℃静置3h，得加助剂料；
助剂的制备方法如下：取搅拌机，将山茶油50份，植物香精15份，聚氨酯10份、艾米达酮10份及20份的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在30℃下搅拌3h，搅拌速度 800 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯3份、纳米二氧化钛3份、大豆油脂肪酸聚乙二醇单酯5份、双(3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚10份及剩余去离子水20份加入搅拌机，升温至50℃，在1000 rpm/min的转速下搅拌2h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
（3）干整理：将步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
（4）涂饰：将步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，涂层的涂抹量为20ml/dm 2，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的皮革。
涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸10份，水性中间体30份，低分子量有机胺化合物5份，纳米SnO 23份，水溶性纳米负离子10份，氧化石墨烯3份，聚乙二醇15份。
涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和纳米SnO 2超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
对比例1
原料选用与实施例1相同，省略步骤（1）抗菌处理，其余操作步骤相同。
对比例2
原料选用与实施例1相同，省略步骤（2）加助剂，其余操作步骤相同。
对比例3
原料选用与实施例1相同，省略步骤（4）涂饰，其余操作步骤相同。
空白对照
预处理好的皮革、预处理好的纺织面料。
测试方法和测试效果如下：
1.甲醛测试方法
将释放甲醛等有害物质的溶液分别喷入10个密闭的相同容积的气候箱中，其中分别放着本发明实施例1-5皮革或纺织面料、对比例1-3中的皮革、预处理好的皮革、预处理好的纺织面料，然后在整点时间段，用美国4160型甲醛检测仪进行检测。
具体方法如下：
选择10个大小相似的密闭实验箱(约1立方米)，各喷入相同量的40％甲醛液体，控制恒定的温度(30℃±2)、湿度(60％)使甲醛在实验箱内混合均匀，经过30min，让甲醛充分挥发弥漫。实验箱分别放有本发明实施例1-5皮革或纺织面料、对比例1-3中的皮革、预处理好的皮革、预处理好的纺织面料，大小均为（40cm×40cm）。在8:00时段及12h后用大气采样仪对各密闭实验箱的空气各取样1次，每次采样时间为40min，并用现场未采样的空白吸收管的吸收液进行空白测定。根据GB/T15516-1995《空气质量甲醛测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法》测试空气中甲醛浓度。或用美国4160型甲醛检测仪进行检测，并做好记录。
结果如下式所示：
X＝(C1-C2)/C1×100％
其中：C2——12h后甲醛浓度；
C1——初始甲醛浓度；
X——甲醛的去除率；
表1皮革甲醛去除结果
Figure 324698dest_path_image001
 
表2纺织面料甲醛去除结果
Figure 724587dest_path_image002
 
由表1和表2通过本发明技术方案处理之后，甲醛去除率均能达到95%以上，远远高于对比例，说明本发明去除甲醛效果明显。
2.抗菌防霉试验
本发明的防霉效果测试方法：
测试菌种：将注有察氏培养基的平皿放置于空气中暴露1小时，后放入霉菌培养箱培养得试验菌种；
水洗试样：将实施例1、实施例3、实施例5、对比例1和空白皮革制品剪成2cm直径的圆片，用流水冲洗24h，晾干备用；
本发明的抗菌效果测试方法：
测试菌种：金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌；
抗菌检测试样：将实施例1、实施例3、实施例5、对比例1和空白皮革制品剪成2cm直径的圆片，放于装有50ml蒸馏水的烧杯中浸泡24h，晾干备用；
仪器设备：霉菌培养箱、细菌培养箱、恒温振荡器、超净操作台、涡流 混合器、高压灭菌锅等；
表1水洗试样防霉结果表
Figure 10074dest_path_image003
 
注：表1中数字代表如下所示防霉级别：
“0”：试样表面没有霉菌或表面覆盖有菌丝但不触及试样；
“1”：25％的试样表面长满了霉菌；
“2”：50％的试样表面长满了霉菌；
“3”：75％的样品表面长满了霉菌；
“4”：100％的试样表面长满了霉菌。
表2试样细菌抑菌率结果表
Figure 904343dest_path_image004
 
综上所述，本发明提供的制造方法在皮革制品防霉抗菌剂在受水水洗后仍然具有长效的广谱的防霉抗菌性能，安全环保，是一种优异的防霉抗菌皮革。
实施例6：在实施例1的基础上，抗菌剂的制备使用浸泡机，如图1、图2和图3,所示，包括药材粉碎装置和浸泡装置，药材粉碎装置包括机箱2，机箱2内安装有粉碎机构4，粉碎机构4为叶轮式粉碎机构。机箱2上安装有进料斗3，进料斗3出料处对准粉碎叶轮的作用部位。机箱2上连通有乙醇输入管1。
浸泡装置包括接料箱11、机架16、若干沉积管8、若干浸泡管7，沉积管8呈半圆状，浸泡管7呈倒U状。浸泡管7位于沉积管8上方，浸泡管7两端分别连接一沉积管8形成沉积管8、浸泡管7交替连通的通管。通管一端与机箱2底部连通，通管另一端封闭。通管上沉积管8与浸泡管7连通的位置设有第一出液孔14。
如图3所示，机架16上滑动连接有流液管10，流液管10为水平的矩形管，通管横截面为矩形方框状。流液管10位于通管与机架16之间，流液管10远离机架16一侧与通管滑动接触，滑动接触处安装有密封胶垫。第一出液孔14位于通管与流液管10接触的一侧，流液管10上设有第二出液孔12。第一出液孔14与第二出液孔12位置在同一水平直线上。流液管10上连通有竖直的透气管6，透气管6的顶端高于通管。通管上固定连接有遮挡第一出液孔14的挡板13，挡板13与第一出液孔14之间固定连接有密封垫，防止多于液体从第一出液孔14中留出。
如图2和图3所示，流液管10上固定连接有水平的封堵板15，封堵板15贯穿通管侧壁并与通管侧壁滑动连接，封堵板15与通管滑动连接处安装有密封胶垫。流液管10向右滑动后，第一出液管能与第二出液管对齐，封堵板15能将通管封堵。流液管10与机架16上之间固定连接有使流液管10复位的复位弹簧（图中未示出）。
流液管10伸入接料箱11内并与接料箱11滑动连接，通管位于机箱2下方，接料箱11底部位于流液管10下方。流液管10远离接料箱11的一端设有凸轮5，凸轮5转动时能与流液管10相抵。凸轮5中心处由电机驱动。沉积管8底部安装有排液阀9，用于排出沉积的药材粉末。
使用时，启动粉碎结构，按批次，并按实施例1中的分量从进料斗3加入中药药材，并从输入管1按实施例1中的分量加入乙醇。当通管中充满液体并浸泡了足够时长时，启动电机带动凸轮5转动，凸轮5将流液管10向右抵动。流液管10向右移动后，第一出液孔14和第二出液孔12对齐，封堵板15将通管封堵。此时液体中的药材粉末已经沉积到位于下方的浸泡管7中，上方浸泡管7中的体液从第一出液孔14进入流液管10中，并在压强的作用下流进接料箱11内。过程中可打开排液阀9排出沉积的药材粉末。当凸轮5不再与出液管相抵时，出液管在复位弹簧的作用下向左移动，第一出液孔14和第二出液孔12错开，箱体中的液体进入浸泡管7中。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    （1）抗菌处理：将预处理好的皮革或纺织面料进行抗菌剂喷涂，固化，干燥，得抗菌处理料；
    （2）加助剂：将所述步骤（1）得到的抗菌处理料涂抹具有除甲醛功能和异味的助剂，于80-90℃静置2-3h，得加助剂料；
    （3）干整理：将所述步骤（2）得到的加助剂料，进行固化，干燥；
    （4）涂饰：将所述步骤（3）干燥完成的加助剂料进行具有除甲醛和异味的涂层涂饰，固化，干燥，得到具有除甲醛功能和异味的皮革和纺织面料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）抗菌剂成份包括如下重量份原料：马齿苋20-32份、艾叶10-16份、蛇麻子4-10份、皂角10-22份、金银花4-10份、植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚6-15份、交联剂0.2-1份，使用浸泡机用乙醇浸泡后得到。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂包括氯化钙、氯化镁、多磷酸盐、硼砂、甲基丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述一种具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述抗菌剂的制备方法为：按照比例称取马齿苋、艾叶、蛇麻子、皂角、金银花，粉碎并混合，加入15-25倍中草药重量的乙醇，在40-45℃条件下浸泡10-15h，过滤得浸泡液，经真空浓缩得浓缩液，然后将所述浓缩液与植物精油中提取的天然高分子丁香酚、交联剂混合均匀，即得抗菌剂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）助剂成份包括如下重量份原料：山茶油30-50份，植物香精10-15份，聚氨酯5-10份，艾米达酮5-10份，改性氧化石墨烯1-3份，纳米二氧化钛1-3份，表面活性剂1-5份，抗氧剂5-10份，去离子水30-40份。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂包括牛油脂肪酸醇酰胺、大豆油脂肪酸聚乙二醇单酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或几种；所述抗氧剂包括2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚、双(3，5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚、N-二丁基氨基二硫代甲酸锌中的任意一种。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述助剂的制备方法为：取搅拌机，将山茶油、植物香精、聚氨酯、艾米达酮及50wt%的去离子水顺序加入搅拌机，在25-30℃下搅拌2-3h，搅拌速度 600-800 rpm/min；然后将改性氧化石墨烯、纳米二氧化钛、表面活性剂、抗氧剂及剩余去离子水加入搅拌机，升温至45-50℃，在800-1000 rpm/min的转速下搅拌1-2h，冷却至室温，过滤，将pH值调整在6.8-8.0之间，即得助剂。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（4）具有除甲醛和异味的涂层包括如下重量份原料：氨基酸5-10份，水性中间体20-30份，铵盐助剂1-5份，光触媒材料1-3份，水溶性纳米负离子5-10份，氧化石墨烯1-3份，聚乙二醇5-15份。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述除甲醛和异味的涂层的制备方法为：将氧化石墨烯溶液和光触媒材料超声分散后，加入氨基酸、水溶性纳米负离子、植物精油、聚乙二醇和水性中间体后混匀，过滤，即得涂层。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述具有除甲醛和异味功能的皮革和纺织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述浸泡机包括药材粉碎装置和浸泡装置，药材粉碎装置包括机箱，机箱内安装有粉碎机构，浸泡装置包括若干沉积管、若干浸泡管，浸泡管位于沉积管上方，浸泡管两端分别连接一沉积管形成沉积管、浸泡管交替连通的通管，通管一端与机箱底部连通，通管另一端封闭；通管上沉积管与浸泡管连通的位置设有第一出液孔，通管上水平滑动连接有流液管，第一出液孔位于通管与流液管接触的一侧，流液管上设有第二出液孔，第一出液孔与第二出液孔位置对应，流液管上固定连接有封堵板，封堵板贯穿通管侧壁并与通管侧壁密封滑动连接，流液管滑动后，第一出液管能与第二出液管对齐，封堵板能将通管封堵；流液管一端设有接料箱，流液管伸入接料箱内并与接料箱滑动连接，通管位于机箱下方，接料箱底部位于流液管下方，流液管远离接料箱的一端设有凸轮，凸轮转动时能与流液管相抵。
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