WO2021052464A1 - 植牙套件 - Google Patents

植牙套件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021052464A1
WO2021052464A1 PCT/CN2020/116190 CN2020116190W WO2021052464A1 WO 2021052464 A1 WO2021052464 A1 WO 2021052464A1 CN 2020116190 W CN2020116190 W CN 2020116190W WO 2021052464 A1 WO2021052464 A1 WO 2021052464A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dental
abutment
dental implant
screw head
screw structure
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PCT/CN2020/116190
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张家昌
Original Assignee
张家昌
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Publication date
Application filed by 张家昌 filed Critical 张家昌
Publication of WO2021052464A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021052464A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0089—Implanting tools or instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
    • A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
    • A61C8/0074—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers with external threads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dental implant kit, in particular to a dental implant kit suitable for dental implant surgery.
  • FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of the screwdriver 5 penetrated into the known dental implant kit 10.
  • the dental implant kit 10 includes a dental crown 11, a dental abutment 12, a screw structure 13 and a dental implant body 14.
  • the dental crown 11 includes a dental crown channel 110
  • the dental abutment 12 is connected to the bottom of the dental crown 11, and the lower end of the screw structure 13 is locked to the dental implant body 14 through the screwdriver 5, so that The dental abutment 12 is tightly combined with the dental implant 14.
  • FIG. 1A when general posterior teeth (such as premolars and molars) need to be implanted, they are limited by the extent of the opening of the human oral cavity, coupled with the narrowness of the posterior teeth implantation operation space, so the crown 11
  • the dental crown channel 110 is usually opened in an oblique manner to facilitate the screw structure 13 to pass through the dental crown channel 110 to be coupled to the dental abutment 12.
  • the crown channel 110 is often opened in an oblique manner in the clinical practice of dental implants.
  • FIG. 1B is a three-dimensional view of the screw structure 13.
  • the screw structure 13 includes a screw head 131 and an external thread portion 132, and the screw head 11 has a hexagonal recessed hole 1310. Therefore, a hexagonal screwdriver 5 for dental implants must be used to extend into the hexagonal recessed hole 1310 to rotate and lock.
  • a rotational torsion force is applied to the hexagonal concave hole 1310.
  • the hexagonal screwdriver 5 is inclined to the screw structure 13, the screwdriver 5 cannot be used in the hexagonal recessed hole 1310. Power point. Therefore, the screw structure 13 cannot be rotated in the same way.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dental implant kit, which enables the screwdriver to be inserted into the crown of the tooth without restriction, that is, when the screwdriver is inclined, the screw structure is locked to facilitate the implantation of the dental implant kit. Into the back of the mouth.
  • the dental implant kit of the present invention includes a dental implant, a dental abutment and a screw structure.
  • the inner side of the implant body includes an internal thread part.
  • the dental abutment includes a through abutment channel, and the lower part of the dental abutment abuts on the upper part of the dental implant.
  • the screw structure includes a screw head and an external threaded part.
  • the screw head is connected with the external threaded part.
  • the screw structure can movably enter the abutment channel, so that the screw head is against the abutment channel, and the external threaded part is screwed and locked into the implant.
  • the internal thread of the tooth is H2, the distance between the top of the screw head and the top of the dental abutment is H1, and H1/(H1+H2) ⁇ 0.2.
  • a dental implant kit includes a dental implant, a dental abutment and a screw structure.
  • the inner side of the implant body includes an internal thread part.
  • the dental abutment includes a through abutment channel, and the lower part of the dental abutment abuts against the upper part of the dental implant.
  • the screw structure includes a screw head and an external threaded portion, the screw head is connected to the external threaded portion, the screw structure can movably enter the abutment passage, so that the screw head abuts the abutment passage, and the The external thread part is screwed and locked into the internal thread part of the dental implant body.
  • the diameter of the screw head is D
  • the distance between the top of the screw head and the top of the dental abutment is H1, and 0.8 ⁇ H1/D ⁇ 1.2.
  • H1 is less than 5mm.
  • the dental implant kit further includes a dental crown, the dental crown is connected to the dental abutment, the dental crown includes a dental crown channel, the edge of the outlet above the crown channel and the dental abutment The distance to the top is H3, and 3 ⁇ H3/H1 ⁇ 10.
  • the included angle ⁇ tan -1 (H3/D), and the degree of the included angle ⁇ is 45 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • the length of the screw head is greater than the length of the external thread part.
  • the screw head further includes a first recessed hole and a second recessed hole, the first recessed hole includes a plurality of first sides and a first bottom surface, and the first side The side is in the shape of an outwardly expanding arc, and the second concave hole is arranged on the first bottom surface.
  • the number of the plurality of first sides is 4-8.
  • the plurality of first side edges are connected to each other in a smooth curve, or connected by turning points.
  • the second concave hole includes a plurality of second side edges, and the second side edges are in the shape of an outwardly flared arc.
  • FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram of the screwdriver 5 penetrated into the known dental implant kit 10.
  • FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of the screw structure 13.
  • FIG. 2A shows a schematic diagram of the dental implant kit 20 of this embodiment before being assembled.
  • FIG. 2B shows a schematic diagram of the combination of the dental implant kit 20 of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram showing the screwdriver 5 penetrated into the dental implant kit 20.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the screw structure 23.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cracked view of the dental implant kit 20.
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the sliding teeth of the screwdriver 5.
  • FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional view of the screw structure 23.
  • FIG. 6B shows a top view of the screw structure 23.
  • 7A to 7D show schematic diagrams of different numbers of first side edges 2311S.
  • FIGS. 8A to 8E show the second concave holes 2312 in various polygonal shapes.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 and the corresponding screwdriver 5.
  • FIG. 10A shows a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 being placed in the abutment channel 22A and the screwdriver 5 being placed in the crown channel 21A.
  • FIG. 10B shows a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 locking the dental abutment 22 and the dental implant body 24.
  • FIG. 11A shows a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 deepening into the abutment channel 22A.
  • FIG. 11B shows a schematic diagram of a hexagonal screwdriver 52 embedded in the second concave hole 2312.
  • FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the screw structure 23.
  • a dental implant kit 20 includes a dental implant 24, a dental abutment 22, and a screw structure 23.
  • the lower part of the dental abutment 22 can movably abut on the upper part of the dental implant 24.
  • the inner side of the tooth body 24 includes an internal thread portion 241.
  • the dental abutment 22 includes an abutment channel 22A passing through the dental abutment 22.
  • the dental laboratory or dental laboratory, Dental Lab
  • the dental crown 21 can be connected to the upper half of the dental abutment 22; among them, in order to allow the screw structure 23 to be Pass through the crown 21 and enter into the abutment channel 22A of the dental abutment 22.
  • the crown 21 is generally provided with a crown channel 21A, so that the crown channel 21A and the abutment channel 22A are connected and connected to each other. .
  • the clinical use of dental implants is limited by the extent of the opening of the human oral cavity.
  • the space for the implant operation is relatively narrow. Therefore, usually the tooth The crown channel 21A of the crown 21 will be opened in an oblique manner to facilitate the dentist to perform dental implantation operations.
  • the crown channel 21A is often opened in an oblique manner.
  • the screw structure 23 includes a screw head 231 and an external thread portion 232, and the screw head 231 is connected with the external thread portion 232.
  • the screw structure 23 can movably enter the abutment channel 22A to make the screw head 231 abut against the abutment channel 22A of the dental abutment 22, and the external thread portion 232 can be screwed and locked in The internal thread portion 241 of the dental implant body 24.
  • the screw head 231 presses against the dental abutment 22 in the abutment channel 22A, and the external thread portion 232 is locked to the internal thread portion 241 of the implant body 24, and the screw structure can be used 23 to combine the dental abutment 22 and the dental implant body 24, so that the lower end of the dental abutment 22 firmly abuts against the dental implant body 24 to form the dental implant kit 20, and is tightly fixed without Loose or shake.
  • a screwdriver 5 is used to rotate and lock the screw structure 23.
  • the distance between the top end of the screw head 231 and the top end of the dental abutment 22 is H1, and the length of the screw structure 23 is H2.
  • the screw structure 23 is a columnar body, which needs to bear the chewing force from the crown 21; the chewing force from the crown 21 will apply a bending moment to the screw structure 23,
  • the magnitude of the bending moment is determined by the distance H1 and the distance H2.
  • the vertical distance from the lowermost end of the crown channel 21A to the lowermost end of the screw structure 23 (that is, the length of H1+H2) is the main body used to bear the chewing force above the crown 21.
  • the loading bean span of the bending moment is the distance H2. If the distance H1 is longer, the corresponding distance H2 is shorter, and the extension of the force-bearing axis is also shorter, and the bending moment it bears per unit length is greater. As a result, the crown 21 will be loose and cracked. The probability will increase significantly.
  • the correlation between the ratio of H1/(H1+H2) and the probability of the dental implant kit 20 cracking are as follows:
  • the dental implant kit 20 when the ratio of H1/(H1+H2) is greater than 0.2, the dental implant kit 20 is difficult to withstand more than 100,000 chewings, that is, it is difficult to withstand multiple bending moments, which represents the dental implant set The structural strength of the piece 20 is insufficient, resulting in a shorter service life.
  • the actual clinical use of the dental implant kit 20 shows that the dental implant kit 20 has a large amount of chewing force, so it is common that the dental implant kit 20 is loose and cracked.
  • the ratio of H1/(H1+H2) when the ratio of H1/(H1+H2) is less than 2, the dental implant kit 20 has high reliability and can support longer use.
  • the top end of the screw head 231 must be closer to the top end of the dental abutment 22, so that the tip (not labeled) of the screwdriver 5 can be twisted to drive the screw head 231 smoothly, the distance H1 is usually It can be determined according to the size of the tip of the conventional screwdriver 5, which is generally less than 5mm. In this way, when the angle of insertion of the screwdriver 5 is an oblique angle, the screwdriver 5 can still contact the screw head 231 of the screw structure 23, and then the screw structure 23 and the implant body 24 are locked by rotating the screw head 231. Together. In this situation, when the insertion angle ⁇ of the screwdriver 5 is not limited (as indicated in FIG. 2B), the dental implant kit 20 of the present invention can be conveniently used at the back of the oral cavity.
  • the screw head 231 of the embodiment of the present invention has a relatively high value.
  • the high length has the technical effect that the longer screw head 231 will shorten the distance between the top of the screw head 231 and the top of the dental abutment 22, that is, reduce the value of the distance H1.
  • the overall length of the screw head 231 is not less than the overall length of the external thread portion 232.
  • the screw structure 23 is in the form of a round shaft cylindrical body (Shaft), and when it receives the rotating torque of the screwdriver 5, the screw structure 23 is subjected to a torsion moment (Torque).
  • Torque torsion moment
  • the torsional moment is inversely proportional to the axial length of the cylindrical body. Therefore, the larger the ratio of (H3/H1), the larger the axial length, and the greater the axial length.
  • the average torsion moment of the material will be smaller (representing the material's circular shaft torsion cross section, torsional shear stress, and circular shaft torsional deformation are smaller); that is to say, under the same material, the same member strength and rigidity conditions, A relatively large instantaneous torsion moment can be applied to the overall material of the dental implant kit 20. Therefore, according to clinical experience, a ratio of H3/H1 close to 10 is suitable for incisor teeth and canine teeth, and a ratio of H3/H1 close to 3 is suitable for rear molars. That is, in a preferred embodiment, 3 ⁇ H3/H1 ⁇ 10, so the ratio of H3 to H1 can be applied to dental implants in any part of the oral cavity.
  • the diameter of the screw head 231 is D
  • the relationship between the diameter D of the screw head 231 and H1 is: different ratios of H1 divided by D can be applied to different parts of the teeth.
  • a ratio of H1/D close to 1.2 is suitable for incisor teeth and canine teeth
  • a ratio of H1/D close to 0.8 is suitable for rear molars (as mentioned above, the smaller the H1, the screwdriver 5 is inserted
  • the angle of the crown channel 21A can be more inclined).
  • the ratio of H1/D is between 0.8 and 1.2, that is, 0.8 ⁇ (H1/D) ⁇ 1.2
  • the ratio of H1 to D can be applied to dental implants in any part of the oral cavity.
  • the degree of the included angle ⁇ is too large, which easily causes the screwdriver 5 to twist the screw structure 23 to cause slippage.
  • the included angle ⁇ is preferably 45 degrees to 90 degrees, that is, 45 ⁇ tan -1 (H3/D) ⁇ 90, where tan -1 is the inverse function of the tangent trigonometric function.
  • the included angle ⁇ can be applied to different parts of the teeth; for example, the larger the included angle ⁇ , the smaller the diameter of the screw head 231, so it is not suitable for excessively tilting the screwdriver 5. Therefore, the angle ⁇ close to 90 degrees is suitable for incisors and canine teeth. Conversely, the smaller the included angle ⁇ , the larger the diameter of the screw head 231, so it is suitable to turn the screwdriver 5 to the screw head 231 in an oblique manner. Therefore, the included angle ⁇ of the crown channel 21A becomes smaller and approaches 45 degrees. , Its condition is suitable for rear molars and molars.
  • FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the screw structure 23.
  • An external thread 2321 is formed on the surface of the external thread portion 232, and the external thread portion 232 is connected to the screw head 231, the screw head 231 is on the upper side, and the external thread portion 232 is on the lower side.
  • the screw head 231 includes a first recessed hole 2311 and a second recessed hole 2312.
  • the first recessed hole 2311 includes a plurality of first side edges 2311S, and the first side edges 2311S are in an outwardly flared arc shape.
  • the first sides 2311S are connected with each other in a smooth curve (please also refer to FIG. 6B, which is a top view of the screw structure 23 shown in FIG.
  • the screw structure 23 is based on the six first sides 2311S as an example. However, those with ordinary knowledge in the art can know that the number of the first side 2311S of the screw structure 23 can also be 4, 5, 7 or 8 (see FIGS. 7A to 7D, and FIGS. 7A to 7). 7D is a schematic diagram of a different number of first sides 2311S), which also belong to the scope of the technical requirements of the present invention.
  • the second recessed hole 2312 is a hexagonal recessed hole as an example.
  • the second recessed hole 2312 can also be a pentagonal recessed hole, A heptagonal concave hole, an octagonal concave hole, a rectangular concave hole or a square concave hole (please refer to FIGS. 8A to 8E, and FIGS. 8A to 8E show the second concave holes 2312 in various polygonal shapes), They also fall within the scope of the technical claims of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 and the corresponding screwdriver 5. Since the first recessed hole 2311 of the screw structure 23 of this embodiment is a plum blossom-shaped recessed state, a corresponding screwdriver 5 is required, and the bit tip 51 of the screwdriver 5 must also be plum-shaped. . In this way, when the screwdriver 5 is inclined to the screw structure 23, the bit tip 51 of the screwdriver 5 can still be inserted into the first recessed hole 2311, so the screwdriver 5 can obtain a force application point in the first recessed hole 2311. Effectively rotate the screw structure 23.
  • FIG. 10A shows that the screw structure 23 is inserted into the abutment channel 22A and the screwdriver 5 is set.
  • FIG. 10B shows a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 locking the dental abutment 22 and the dental implant body 24.
  • the quincunx-shaped drill tip 51 can be inserted into the quincunx-shaped first concave hole 2311 in an inclined state, and at the same time, the screw structure 23 can be driven so that the screw structure 23 can rotate, thereby enabling the dental
  • the abutment 22 and the dental implant 24 are closely combined with each other. Therefore, compared with the known screw structure 13, the screw structure 23 included in this embodiment can lock the dental abutment 22 and the dental implant 24 when the screwdriver 5 is inclined. In this way, the screw structure 23 can be applied to the crown 21 with an inclined channel.
  • FIG. 11A shows a schematic diagram of the screw structure 23 deep into the abutment channel 22A.
  • FIG. 11B shows a schematic diagram of a hexagonal screwdriver 52 embedded in the second concave hole 2312.
  • the hexagonal screwdriver 52 can be arranged in the same line as the screw structure 23, so the screwdriver 52 can be directly embedded in the second hexagonal recess 2312. In this way, the screwdriver 52 can drive the screw structure 23 to rotate in a state parallel to the screw structure 23, so that the dental abutment 22 and the implant body 24 are tightly locked.
  • the screw structure 23 included in this embodiment can not only lock the dental abutment 22 and the implant body 24 in an inclined state, but also lock the dental abutment in a vertical state.
  • the table 22 and the dental implant body 24 can therefore be applied to a wider range of dental implant conditions, and can be used to lock to the front teeth (such as incisors, canine teeth), or to be used to lock to the posterior teeth (such as premolars, Molar teeth), to achieve the effect of multi-purpose.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Abstract

植牙套件(20)包括一植牙体(24)、一牙科基台(22)及一螺丝结构(23)。其中，植牙体(24)内侧包括一内螺纹部(241)。牙科基台(22)是包括一贯通的基台通道(22A)，牙科基台(22)的下方抵接于植牙体(24)的上方。螺丝结构(23)包括一螺丝头(231)及一外螺纹部(232)，螺丝头(231)与外螺纹部(232)相连接，螺丝结构(23)可活动地进入基台通道(22A)，使螺丝头(231)抵住基台通道(22A)，且外螺纹部(232)旋合锁入植牙体(24)的内螺纹部(241)。其中，螺丝结构(23)的长度为H2，螺丝头(231)的顶端与牙科基台(22)的顶端的距离为H1，且H1/(H1+H2)<0.2。有益效果是能让该螺丝起子在倾斜的状态下锁固螺丝结构。

Description

植牙套件 技术领域
本发明是关于一植牙套件，特别是指一种适用于植牙手术的植牙套件。
背景技术
请参阅图1A，图1A所绘示为螺丝起子5深入于公知的植牙套件10的示意图。植牙套件10包括牙冠11、牙科基台12、螺丝结构13及植牙体14。其中，牙冠11包括一牙冠通道110，牙科基台12是连结于牙冠11的底部，而螺丝结构13的下端部则是透过螺丝起子5锁合于植牙体14上，以使牙科基台12与植牙体14紧密结合。然而，以图1A为例：一般后牙(例如前臼齿、大臼齿)需要种植牙时，受到人类口腔张开的幅度的限制，再加上後牙种植操作空间的狭小，所以该牙冠11的牙冠通道110通常会采取倾斜方式开设，以方便该螺丝结构13穿过该牙冠通道110而结合至该牙科基台12。此外，在前牙的种植牙应用上，为了兼顾齿面的美观与实际咬合、咀嚼功能，在种植牙的临床上也常常将牙冠通道110呈倾斜方式开设。如此一来，当螺丝结构13的顶端与牙科基台12的顶端相距太远，且螺丝起子5插入的角度又须为斜角时，螺丝起子5会产生无法接触到螺丝结构13的情况，所以螺丝结构13便无法对植牙体14进行锁合。因此，为了让螺丝起子接触到螺丝结构13，只能让螺丝起子5笔直的插入牙冠11内，也就是螺丝起子5与螺丝结构13需在同一直在线。
此外，请参阅图1B，图1B所绘示为螺丝结构13的立体图，螺丝结构13包括一个螺钉头131及一具外螺纹部132所构成，而螺钉头11内具有一个六边形凹孔1310，所以须使用植牙用六角形的螺丝起子5伸入六边形凹孔1310内以旋转锁紧。其中，在使用螺丝结构13锁紧牙科基台12与植牙体14时，会对六边形凹孔1310施以旋转扭力。然而，由 于六边形凹孔1310的六个内侧边是垂直的平面，所以当六角形的螺丝起子5是倾斜于螺丝结构13时，螺丝起子5无法在六边形凹孔1310内取得施力点。因此，也同样无法转动螺丝结构13。
因此，如何改善上述植牙套件10所产生的问题，这是本领域具有通常知识者努力的目标。
发明内容
本发明之目的在于提供一植牙套件，植牙套件能使螺丝起子插入于牙冠的角度较不受限，也就是在该螺丝起子倾斜的状态下锁固螺丝结构，方便将植牙套件植入于口腔后方的位置。
本发明之植牙套件包括一植牙体、一牙科基台及一螺丝结构。其中，植牙体内侧包括一内螺纹部。牙科基台是包括一贯通的基台通道，该牙科基台的下方抵接于植牙体的上方。螺丝结构包括一螺丝头及一外螺纹部，螺丝头与外螺纹部相连接，螺丝结构可活动地进入该基台通道，使螺丝头抵住该基台通道，且外螺纹部旋合锁入植牙体的内螺纹部。其中，螺丝结构的长度为H2，螺丝头的顶端与该牙科基台的顶端的距离为H1，且H1/(H1+H2)<0.2。
本发明之另一实施例之植牙套件包括一植牙体、一牙科基台及一螺丝结构。其中，植牙体内侧包括一内螺纹部。牙科基台包括一贯通的基台通道，该牙科基台的下方抵接于该植牙体的上方。此外，螺丝结构包括一螺丝头及一外螺纹部，该螺丝头与该外螺纹部相连接，该螺丝结构可活动地进入该基台通道，使该螺丝头抵住该基台通道，且该外螺纹部旋合锁入该植牙体的内螺纹部。其中，该螺丝头的直径为D，且该螺丝头的顶端与该牙科基台的顶端的距离为H1，且0.8<H1/D<1.2。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，H1小于5mm。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，还包括一牙冠，该牙冠连结该牙科基台，该牙冠包括一 牙冠信道，该牙冠信道上方出口的边端与该牙科基台的顶端的距离为H3，且3≦H3/H1≦10。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，夹角θ＝tan -1(H3/D)，该夹角θ的度数为45度至90度。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，该螺丝头的长度大於该外螺纹部的长度。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，该螺丝头还包括一第一凹孔及一第二凹孔，第一凹孔包括多个第一侧边及一第一底部表面，且第一侧边呈外扩的弧形状，第二凹孔设置于该第一底部表面上。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，多个第一侧边的数目为4～8个。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，多个第一侧边相互之间呈平滑曲线连接，或以转折点连接。
在上所述的植牙套件，其中，第二凹孔包括多个第二侧边，第二侧边呈外扩的弧形状。
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点更能明显易懂，下文将以实施例并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。需注意的是，所附图式中的各组件仅是示意，并未按照各组件的实际比例进行绘示。
附图说明
图1A所绘示为螺丝起子5深入于公知的植牙套件10的示意图。
图1B所绘示为螺丝结构13的立体图。
图2A所绘示为本实施例植牙套件20未组合前的示意图。
图2B所绘示为本实施例之植牙套件20的组合示意图。
图2C所绘示为所绘示为螺丝起子5深入于植牙套件20的示意图。
图3所绘示为螺丝结构23的立体图。
图4所绘示为植牙套件20崩裂图。
图5所绘示为螺丝起子5滑牙状况图。
图6A所绘示为螺丝结构23的剖视图。
图6B所绘示为螺丝结构23的俯视图。
图7A～图7D所绘示为不同数目的第一侧边2311S的示意图。
图8A～图8E所绘示为各种多边形态样的第二凹孔2312。
图9所绘示为螺丝结构23与相对应的螺丝起子5的示意图。
图10A所绘示为螺丝结构23置入于基台通道22A及螺丝起子5置入于牙冠通道21A的示意图。
图10B所绘示为螺丝结构23锁固牙科基台22及植牙体24的示意图。
图11A所绘示为螺丝结构23深入于基台通道22A的示意图。
图11B所绘示为六角形的螺丝起子52嵌入于第二凹孔2312的示意图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图2A～2C及图3，图2A所绘示为本实施例植牙套件20未组合前的示意图，图2B所绘示为本实施例之植牙套件20的组合示意图，图2C所绘示为所绘示为螺丝起子5深入于植牙套件20的示意图，图3所绘示为螺丝结构23的立体图。如图所示，一植牙套件20包括一植牙体24、一牙科基台22及一螺丝结构23，该牙科基台22的下方可活动地抵接于植牙体24的上方，该植牙体24的内侧包括有一内螺纹部241。该牙科基台22包括有一贯通该牙科基台22的基台通道22A。当牙技所(或称牙科实验室，Dental Lab)完成最终牙冠21的制作之后，该牙冠21即可连结在该牙科基台22的上半端部；其中，为了让该螺丝结构23可以经过该牙冠21而进入至该牙科基台22的基台通道22A之内，该牙冠21一般会开设有一牙冠通道21A，使该牙冠通道21A与基台通道22A相互连接、导通。在牙科的种植牙临床使用上，受到人类口腔张开的幅度的限制，如果种植牙的部位是在臼齿、大臼齿等后牙的状况下，其种植操作的空间较为狭小，所以，通常该牙冠21的牙冠通道21A会采取倾斜方式开设，以方便牙科医生进行种植牙的牙科手术。此外，在 门牙、犬齿等前牙的种植牙应用上，为了兼顾齿面的美观与实际咬合、咀嚼功能，该牙冠通道21A也常常呈现倾斜方式开设。
另外，螺丝结构23包括一螺丝头231及一外螺纹部232，螺丝头231与外螺纹部232相连接。其中，螺丝结构23可活动地进入该基台通道22A内，用以使螺丝头231抵住在该牙科基台22的基台通道22A内，而该外螺纹部232则可用以旋合锁入该植牙体24的内螺纹部241。这样一来，透过该螺丝头231在基台通道22A内抵顶该牙科基台22，而且该外螺纹部232锁合於该植牙体24的内螺纹部241，即可利用该螺丝结构23来结合该牙科基台22与植牙体24，让该牙科基台22的下端部稳固地抵靠于植牙体24内，结合成该植牙套件20，并且紧紧的固定，不会松脱或摇晃。
如图2C所示，当该植牙套件20组装完毕时，需透过一螺丝起子5来将该螺丝结构23旋转锁合。该螺丝头231的最顶端与牙科基台22的最顶端的距离为H1，该螺丝结构23的长度为H2。就材料力学的观点来看，螺丝结构23呈一柱状体，其需要承担来自牙冠21的咀嚼力道；来自牙冠21的咀嚼力道会对该螺丝结构23施予一弯曲力矩(Bending Moment)，在图2B的实施例中，该弯曲力矩的大小即由距离H1与距离H2决定。具体来说，该牙冠通道21A的最下端至该螺丝结构23的最下端的垂直距离(即H1+H2的长度)，即是用以承受该牙冠21上方的咀嚼力道的受力主体，而该弯曲力矩的受力轴展长(Loading Bean Span)即为该距离H2。如果该距离H1越长，其相对应的距离H2越短，则受力轴展长也越短，其每单位长度所承受的弯曲力矩就越大，如此一来，牙冠21松脱崩裂的机率就会明显地提高。经过模拟实验，H1/(H1+H2)的比值与该植牙套件20崩裂的机率之相关度，其实验数据如下：
H1/(H1+H2)之数值 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
能否承受10万次咀嚼力 可 否 否 否 否
如上表所示，当该H1/(H1+H2)的比值大於0.2以上时，该植牙套件20难以承受10万 次以上的咀嚼，亦即难以承受多次的弯曲力矩，这代表该植牙套件20的结构强度不足，造成使用年限较短。如图4所示，实际临床使用该植牙套件20崩裂的状况即可看出，人类口腔咀嚼的力量巨大，所以常见到植牙套件20松脱、崩裂的状况产生。而在H1/(H1+H2)的比值小於2的状况下，该植牙套件20的可靠度较高，可以支撑较长久的使用。
在较佳实施例中，该螺丝头231的顶端须较为靠近牙科基台22的顶端，为了让该螺丝起子5的尖端(未标号)可以顺利扭转带动该螺丝头231，该距离H1的尺寸通常可根据常规螺丝起子5的尖端大小而决定，一般是小于5mm。如此一来，当螺丝起子5插入的角度为斜角时，螺丝起子5还是能接触到螺丝结构23的螺丝头231，再通过旋转该螺丝头231而让螺丝结构23与植牙体24进行锁合。在这种状况下，当螺丝起子5插入的夹角θ不受限时(如图2B标示)，本发明的植牙套件20即可方便被使用於口腔后方的位置。
上述较小的H1(即該H1/(H1+H2)的比值较小)中，相较于传统的螺钉头131(图1A、图1B)来说，本发明实施例的螺丝头231具有较高的长度，其所带来的技术效果是，较长的螺丝头231会缩短螺丝头231的顶端与牙科基台22的顶端的距离，也就是减小距离H1的数值。在较佳实施例里，该螺丝头231的整体长度是不小于外螺纹部232的整体长度。
再来，该牙冠通道21A上方出口的端部与该牙科基台22的顶端的距离为H3，不同的H3用来除以H1的比值，可以应用于不同部位的牙齿。就材料力学的观点来看，该螺丝结构23呈一圆轴柱状体(Shaft)，其在受到该螺丝起子5的旋转扭力时，该螺丝结构23呈受一扭转力矩(Torque)。其中，在固定的材料承受限度内，该扭转力矩与该该圆轴柱状体的轴向长度呈反比，所以，(H3/H1)的比值越大，代表其轴向长度越大，该所遭受的平均扭转力矩就会越小(代表材料的圆轴扭转横截面、扭转切应力、及圆轴扭转变形量均较小)；也就是说，在相同材质、相同构件的强度与刚度条件下，可以对该植牙套件20的整体材料施予较大的瞬间扭转力矩。因此，依据临床经验，H3/H1的比值接近10是适合用于门 牙及犬齿，而H3/H1的比值接近3是适合用于后方的臼齿。亦即，在较佳实施例中，3≦H3/H1≦10，所以该H3与H1的比值可以适用於口腔内任何部位的种植牙。
请再参阅图2B，该螺丝头231的直径为D，而螺丝头231的直径D与H1的关联为：不同的H1除以D的比例，可以适用于不同部位的牙齿。举例来说，H1/D接近1.2的比例是适合用于门牙及犬齿，而H1/D的比例接近0.8是适合用于后方的臼齿(如前述道理所述，越小的H1，螺丝起子5插入牙冠通道21A的角度便能更加倾斜)。在较佳实施例中，H1/D的比值介於0.8至1.2之间的话，亦即0.8<(H1/D)<1.2，该H1与D的比值可以适用於口腔内任何部位的种植牙。
再来，该螺丝头231的直径D与H3的长度直接地决定了夹角θ的大小；就基础三角函数来说，该牙冠通道21A的夹角θ＝tan -1(H3/D)。就机械结构的操作实务上，该夹角θ的度数太大，容易导致该螺丝起子5扭转螺丝结构23时造成滑牙。通常实务上该夹角θ较佳为45度至90度，亦即45<tan -1(H3/D)<90，其中，tan -1为tangent三角函数的反函数。详细来说，不同大小的夹角θ，可以适用于不同部位的牙齿；例如，夹角θ越大表示螺丝头231的直径越小，所以不适合过度倾斜螺丝起子5。因此，夹角θ接近90度是适合用于门牙及犬齿。反之，夹角θ越小表示螺丝头231的直径越大，所以适合将螺丝起子5以倾斜的方式转动到螺丝头231，因此，该牙冠通道21A的夹角θ变小而接近45度时，其状况即适合用于后方的臼齿、大臼齿。最后，当该牙冠通道21A的夹角θ小於45度以后，在临床上该螺丝起子5与该螺丝结构23的螺丝头231即容易产生滑牙现象，其滑牙的螺丝头231即如图5所示。
请参阅图6A，图6A所绘示为螺丝结构23的剖视图。外螺纹部232的表面上是形成一外螺纹2321，而外螺纹部232是连结该螺丝头231，该螺丝头231在上，该外螺纹部232在下方。其中，螺丝头231包括一第一凹孔2311及一第二凹孔2312，第一凹孔2311包括多个第一侧边2311S，第一侧边2311S是呈一外扩的弧形状。并且，第一侧边2311S 相互之间是呈平滑曲线相连接(请同时参阅图6B，图6B所绘示为螺丝结构23的俯视图)，所以由俯视的角度观看第一凹孔2311会呈现梅花形的态样。此外，第二凹孔2312是设置于第一凹孔2311的下方，且第二凹孔2312包括多个第二侧边2312S及一第二底部表面2312B。在上述图标中，螺丝结构23是以六个第一侧边2311S作为范例。然而，本领域具有通常知识者能得知，螺丝结构23的第一侧边2311S的数目也可以是4个、5个、7个或8个(请参阅图7A～图7D，图7A～图7D所绘示为不同数目的第一侧边2311S的示意图)，同样都属于本发明的技术请求项范畴内。
此外，在图6B中，第二凹孔2312是以一个六边形凹孔作为范例，本领域具有通常知识者能得知，第二凹孔2312的外型也可以是五边形凹孔、七边形凹孔、八边形凹孔、长方形凹孔或正方形凹孔(请参阅图8A～图8E，图8A～图8E所绘示为各种多边形态样的第二凹孔2312)，同样都属于本发明的技术请求项范畴内。
请参阅图9，图9所绘示为螺丝结构23与相对应的螺丝起子5的示意图。由于本实施例的螺丝结构23的第一凹孔2311是呈梅花形的内凹态样，所以需搭配一相对应的螺丝起子5，螺丝起子5的钻头尖端51也须呈现梅花形的态样。如此一来，当螺丝起子5是倾斜于螺丝结构23时，螺丝起子5的钻头尖端51还是能嵌入于第一凹孔2311，所以螺丝起子5便能在第一凹孔2311内取得施力点，有效转动螺丝结构23。
再来，具体锁固牙科基台22及植牙体24的流程的如下：首先，请参阅图10A及图10B，图10A所绘示为螺丝结构23置入于基台通道22A及螺丝起子5置入于牙冠通道21A的示意图，图10B所绘示为螺丝结构23锁固牙科基台22及植牙体24的示意图。当牙冠21内部的牙冠通道21A处于倾斜的状态时，螺丝起子5会倾斜于螺丝结构23。之后，请参阅图10B，该梅花形的钻头尖端51，能在倾斜的状态下嵌入至梅花形的第一凹孔2311内，同时可以驱动螺丝结构23，使螺丝结构23可以转动，进而使牙科基台22与植牙体24相互紧密结合。因此，相较于公知的螺丝结构13，本实施例所包含的螺丝结构23能在 螺丝起子5倾斜的状态下锁固牙科基台22及植牙体24。如此一来，螺丝结构23便能应用于具有倾斜通道的牙冠21。
请参阅图11A及图11B，图11A所绘示为螺丝结构23深入于基台通道22A的示意图。图11B所绘示为六角形的螺丝起子52嵌入于第二凹孔2312的示意图。如图所示，六角形的螺丝起子52能与螺丝结构23排列于同一直在线，所以螺丝起子52便能直接嵌入于六边形的第二凹孔2312内。这样一来，螺丝起子52便能以平行于该螺丝结构23的状态下，驱动该螺丝结构23转动，以使牙科基台22与植牙体24紧密锁固。
因此，相较于传统的螺丝结构13，本实施例所包含的螺丝结构23除了能在倾斜的状态下锁固牙科基台22及植牙体24，也能在垂直的状态下锁固牙科基台22及植牙体24，因而可以适用于更广泛的植牙状况，可以被拿来锁合至前牙(例如门牙、犬齿)，也可以被拿来锁合至后牙(例如前臼齿、大臼齿)，达到一物多用的功效。
上述实施例仅是为了方便说明而举例，虽遭所属技术领域的技术人员任意进行修改，均不会脱离如权利要求书中所欲保护的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种植牙套件，其特征在于，包括：
    一植牙体，其内侧包括一内螺纹部；
    一牙科基台，包括一贯通的基台通道，该牙科基台的下方抵接于该植牙体的上方；及
    一螺丝结构，包括一螺丝头及一外螺纹部，该螺丝头与该外螺纹部相连接，该螺丝结构可活动地进入该基台通道，使该螺丝头抵住该基台通道，且该外螺纹部旋合锁入该植牙体的内螺纹部；
    其中，该螺丝头的顶端与该牙科基台的顶端的距离为H1，该螺丝结构的长度为H2，且H1/(H1+H2)<0.2。
  2. 一种植牙套件，其特征在于，包括：
    一植牙体，其内侧包括一内螺纹部；
    一牙科基台，包括一贯通的基台通道，该牙科基台的下方抵接于该植牙体的上方；及
    一螺丝结构，包括一螺丝头及一外螺纹部，该螺丝头与该外螺纹部相连接，该螺丝结构可活动地进入该基台通道，使该螺丝头抵住该基台通道，且该外螺纹部旋合锁入该植牙体的内螺纹部；
    其中，该螺丝头的顶端与该牙科基台的顶端的距离为H1，该螺丝头的直径为D，且0.8<H1/D<1.2。
  3. 如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，H1小于5mm。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，还包括一牙冠，该牙冠连结该牙科基台，该牙冠包括一牙冠信道，该牙冠信道上方出口的边端与该牙科基台的顶端的距离为H3，且3≦H3/H1≦10。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，夹角θ＝tan -1(H3/D)，该夹角θ的度数为45度至90度。
  6. 如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，该螺丝头还包括：
    一第一凹孔，该第一凹孔包括多个第一侧边及一第一底部表面，且该第一侧边呈外扩的弧形状；及
    一第二凹孔，该第二凹孔设置于该第一底部表面上。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，该多个第一侧边的数目为4～8个。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，该多个第一侧边相互之间呈平滑曲线连接。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的植牙套件，其特征在于，该螺丝头的长度大於该外螺纹部的长度。
PCT/CN2020/116190 2019-09-19 2020-09-18 植牙套件 WO2021052464A1 (zh)

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