Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
  • E04B2/8641—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms using dovetail-type connections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
  • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
  • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
  • E04B2/704—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements shorter than the length of a wall

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a modular construction system for producing residential or office structures, or even technical rooms.
• Self-construction limits the initial investment and favors obtaining a loan from financial institutions.
• This method of construction is also popular with craftsmen responding to the demands of their customers requiring an eco-responsible home using noble materials.
• Wood is a hygroscopic material, which can absorb and reject water depending on its environment and variations in its humidity level cause it to deform. Deformations are frequent, especially for exterior elements, exposed to changes in temperature and humidity.
• the modular construction system comprises a bottom rail which comprises a first groove which extends in the greatest length of its upper face, a beam structure comprising at least three panels intended to be assembled in pairs. by spacers by fixing means, at least one panel comprises a second groove intended to be positioned facing the first groove of the bottom rail, during the assembly of a beam structure on the bottom rail, a tongue intended to be inserted into the first groove and the second groove, characterized in that the ratio of the widths of the first groove and of the tongue is between 1.2 and 3.
• the ratio of the widths of the first groove and of the tongue is between 1.2 and 2.5, preferably between 1.3 and 2.
• half of the difference in widths of a panel and of the tongue is greater than or equal to the difference in widths of the first groove and the tongue.
• a first groove is continuous over the entire upper face of the bottom rail.
• the bottom rail comprises an angle, intended to constitute a corner of the modular construction, the first groove extending continuously at the level of the angle.
• the bottom rail comprises two corner portions of which one of their respective coupling faces is bevelled, two corner portions assembled in opposition forming an angle of the bottom rail.
• the two corner portions each comprise a blind hole, the two corner portions being intended to be assembled by a coupling part, the shape of which is complementary to those of the two blind holes.
• the bottom rail comprises two first parallel grooves, while at least two panels each include a second groove.
• the two panels which include a second groove are intended to be directed towards the inside and the outside of the modular construction.
• the modular construction system comprises a square, while the bottom rail comprises a clearance intended to open out towards the interior of the modular construction and towards the upper face, the square being intended to be secured to the base. on which rests the bottom rail and has a panel.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of part of the modular building system according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of two corner portions of the bottom rail.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of two assembled corner portions of the bottom rail.
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a beam structure being assembled.
• FIG. 5 is a view of part of the modular construction system comprising frame frame portions during assembly.
• the modular construction system (1) with a wooden frame according to the invention is presented by a plurality of wooden profiles of different dimensions equipped with connection means by cooperation of form, which are intended to be assembled with means of additional fixing, advantageously using a simple mallet.
• the modular construction system (1) includes in particular a bottom rail (2), beam structures (3) and tabs (4).
• a beam structure (3) comprises panels (5) assembled with spacers (6), as described in more detail in the remainder of the description.
• the aforementioned structural elements have a dimension that is suitable for them to be stacked on a pallet, in order to facilitate delivery to a construction site, and to be assembled by a craftsman or even a private individual.
• the wooden profiles have substantially parallelepipedal profiles, in the form of a board, of which their edges or even their surfaces, advantageously comprise different grooves, clearances or even blind holes.
• a tongue (4) is a wooden section playing the role of a tenon in a tongue-and-groove assembly, intended to be assembled to a first groove (7) of the bottom rail (2) and to a second groove (8) of a panel (5) of a beam structure (3), as a mortise, as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
• a bottom rail (2) is made up of two types of bottom rail portions assembled to each other, namely a corner portion (2a) and a portion which will be called straight (2b).
• a low rail (2) is intended to be secured by anchors to a base, such as a wooden platform or a concrete slab.
• the low rail (2) providing the structural link between the base and the beam structures (3), as well as the roof.
• the low rail (2) ensures in a conventional manner, water and air tightness and protection against capillary rise, by means of a level strip, not shown.
• the bottom rail portions (2a, 2b) have substantially parallelepipedal profiles or even having bevelled or truncated faces, and include two base faces and four side faces.
• the bottom rail (2) comprises clearances (9) located opposite its inner face (23) in the thickness of the bottom rail (2) opening out towards the inside and towards the upper face (22).
• a clearance (9) is intended for fixing a bracket (10) securing the base with the first row of an assembly of beam structures (3), as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
• the straight portions (2b) of the bottom rail (2) include two side faces parallel two by two, namely an inner face (23) parallel to an outer face (24), as well as a coupling face (25) parallel to the other coupling face (25).
• the corner portions (2a) of the bottom rail (2) include an inner face (23) shorter than the outer face (24) arranged in opposition.
• the first coupling face (25 '), of a first corner portion (2a) intended to form half of an angle of the bottom rail (2) forms an angle of 45 degrees with the outside face (24) and an angle of 135 degrees with the inside face (23).
• two corner portions (2a) are intended to be arranged in opposition to form an angle of the bottom rail (2).
• the second coupling face (25) is perpendicular to the inner face (23) and to the outer face (24), such that the second coupling face (25) of a portion of angle (2a) can connect with a mating face (25) of a straight portion (2b).
• a portion (2a, 2b) of the bottom rail comprises a blind hole (11) at each of its ends, opening in the direction of a coupling face (25) and in the direction of the upper face (22). ).
• the blind hole (11) has a shape complementary to a dovetail.
• the modular construction system (1) comprises a plurality of coupling parts (12) each having a complementary shape with two blind holes.
• (12) consists of two dovetails arranged in opposition.
• a bottom rail (2) is assembled by the successive positioning of portions of bottom rail (2a, 2b), their respective complementary mating faces (25, 25 ') being positioned facing each other, accompanied by the connection of a coupling part (12) in the blind holes (11) of the portions (2a, 2b) of the bottom rail arranged in opposition.
• the bottom rail comprises a first groove (7) extending in the greatest length of its upper face.
• first groove (7) a plurality of contiguous first groove (7) is considered as a first groove (7).
• the first groove (7) extends continuously from a straight portion (2b) to a corner portion (2a), so that at the level of the angles of the bottom rail (2), the first groove (7) extends continuously from one corner portion (2a) to another, and forms an angle, for example at 90 degrees.
• each of the bottom rail portions comprises a first groove portion (7) emerging on either side in the direction of a coupling face (25, 25 ').
• the bottom rail (2) comprises two first parallel grooves (7).
• the first two grooves (7) of the bottom rail (2) extend substantially at the inner and outer ends of the upper surface (22) along the inner (23) and outer (24) faces. respectively. According to one embodiment, not shown, one of the first two grooves (7) of the bottom rail (2) extends substantially at the outer end of the upper surface
• first groove (7) extends substantially in the center of the upper surface (22) or at a determined distance from the edges of the upper face (22) according to the spacings of the panels (5) of a beam structure (3), as explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.
• the bottom rail (2) comprises three first parallel grooves (7), two of which are located along the inner face.
• the bottom rail (2) only comprises a first groove (7), preferably located along the outer face (24).
• the width (L1) of a first groove (7) is greater than the width (L2) of a tongue (4).
• the ratio (L1 / L2) of the widths of the first groove (7) and of the tongue (4) is between 1.2 and 3.
• the ratio (L1 / L2) of the widths of the first groove (7) and of the tongue (4) is between 1.2 and 2.5, preferably between 1.3 and 2.
• the width (L1) of a first groove (4) is between 9 and 20 millimeters, the width (L2) of a tongue (4) being between 4 and 14 mm, while retaining the aforementioned ratio (L1 / L2) between 1.2 and 3, preferably between 1.2 and 2.5, more preferably between 1.3 and 2. It should be noted that the width (L1) of a first groove (7) is constant all along the bottom rail (2).
• the ratio (L3 / L2) of the width (L3) of a panel (5) and the width (L2) of a tab (4) is advantageously between 1.8 and 4, preferably between 2 and 3.
• the structural elements have variable dimension tolerances depending on the precision of the cuts of the wood profiles, the assembly in particular of a series of beam structures (3) along a low rail (2), generates at the end, at the level of the angles a difference in total length which may increase or decrease depending on the length of the resulting wall, compared to the forecast drawn up on the plan.
• This unpredictable difference in the length of a wall compared to the length of the corresponding bottom rail (2), according to the forecasts on the plans, is thus absorbed by the difference in the widths of the first groove (7) and of the tongues (4) .
• the difference in length expected of an alignment of beam structures (3) namely the difference in length of an alignment of tabs (4) assembled to beam structures (3), with respect to the low smooth (2), is absorbed by the difference in width between the first groove (7) and the tongue (4).
• the aforementioned difference of a rectilinear wall is absorbed by the difference in width of the part of the first groove (7) and of the corresponding tongue (4), forming an angle with the aforementioned rectilinear wall, namely the part of the first groove (7) of the part of the bottom rail (2) perpendicular to the aforementioned wall, more precisely perpendicular to the part of the bottom rail (2) supporting the beam structures (3) constituting the aforementioned wall.
• the length of a panel (5) is between 300 to 3600 millimeters, preferably between 300 and 1500 millimeters.
• width (L3) of a panel (5) is advantageously between 18 and 27 millimeters.
• the tolerance along the length of a panel (5) is of the order of a tenth of a millimeter.
• the ratio (L1 / L2) of the widths of the first groove (7) and of the tongue (4) between 1.2 and 3 allows optimized positioning of the beam structures (3) on the bottom rail (2) in view of the erection of the modular construction according to the invention.
• first groove (7) of a tongue (4) and of a panel (5), according to the invention, allows a first groove (7) to be covered by the panels, when the assembly of a panel (5) on the bottom rail (2).
• a tongue (4) comprises a seal extending over the length of the tongue (4).
• a beam structure (3) comprises three panels (5), a set of spacers (6) and means for fixing the panels (5) to the spacers (6).
• the panels (5) and the spacers (6) being intended to be positioned on one of their edges, it will be understood in the remainder of the description, as an inner face (51, 61) of a panel (5) or a spacer (6), one face located towards the interior of the beam structure (3); as an outer face (52) of a panel (5), a face located on the outside of the beam structure (3); like a lateral face (62) of a spacer (6), a face intended to come to be joined to an interior face (51) of a panel (5); like a lower face (53, 63) of a panel (5) or a spacer (6), a face intended to come into contact with the bottom rail (2) or an upper face (54, 64) a panel (5) or a spacer (6); and conversely like an upper face (54, 64) of a panel (5) or a spacer (6), a face intended to come into contact with a lower face (53, 63) of a panel (5).
• a beam structure (3) thus comprises two side panels, one being intended to be positioned towards the inside, while the other is intended to be located towards the outside, and at least one central panel.
• a panel (5) has a length greater than its height and its thickness.
• the panels (5) being intended to be mounted in parallel in order to form housings, in which the panels (5) are separated two by two by spacers (6), so that between two panels (5) ) are arranged filling spaces (13) between a set of two spacers (6).
• the panels (5) and the spacers (6) being assembled perpendicularly.
• the filling spaces (13) are advantageously intended to receive insulation elements, not shown, such as thermal and / or sound insulation elements. It is also conceivable to leave the filling spaces (13) empty.
• an insulation element is a fibrous material, such as glass wool, rock wool, wood fiber, straw, hemp, cotton, linen, cellulose wadding , felt or composite materials, such as a mixture of wood fiber and glass wool.
• the spacers (6) of a first housing are offset with respect to those arranged in the second housing contiguous to the first.
• a spacer (6) located between a side panel and a central panel, is arranged between the aforementioned central panel and another side panel or another central panel, a filling space (13 ) and not a spacer (6).
• the spacers (6) are advantageously distributed over the length of the panels (5) in a regular manner, namely all having a constant spacing, but it could be otherwise pairs of spacers (6) each located in adjoining housings are distributed in a regular manner, namely that pairs of spacer (6) having a constant spacing are distributed along the length of the panels (5).
• the panels (5) are advantageously secured to the spacers (6) by journals, not shown, the spacers (6) and the panels (5) thus comprise blind holes and through holes respectively intended to be arranged opposite each other. other.
• the modular construction system (1) comprises two sets of spacers (6) having different lengths.
• the filling spaces (13) of a housing intended to be positioned towards the interior of the modular construction have widths smaller than those of the filling spaces (13) of the adjacent housing. to the first, which is intended to be positioned towards the exterior of the modular construction.
• the housing having the smallest width can be intended only for the passage of technical ducts, while the housing having the greatest width can be intended for filling with insulation elements.
• the panels (5) comprise interlocking grooves (14) opening out at the level of their inner face (51), oriented according to the height of a panel (5), namely which are emerging from their lower face ( 53) on their upper face (54).
• a fitting groove (14) is intended for the sliding of a lateral end of a spacer (6), namely the fitting of their lateral faces (62) in the thickness of a panel (5).
• interlocking grooves (14) are in the form of a mortise having a profile complementary to a dovetail, while the side edges of the spacers (6) have a dovetail profile. This assembly by cooperation of form ensures exemplary mechanical strength of the beam structure (3).
• each of the upper (54) and lower (53) faces of at least one panel (5) of a beam structure (3) comprise a second groove (8) intended for the insertion of a longitudinal portion of a tongue (4).
• the width of a second groove (8) is substantially equal to the width (L2) of a tongue (4), so that the subjection of a tongue (4) to at least one second groove (8) is achieved advantageously in strength.
• a tongue (4) is intended to be inserted both in a first groove (7) of the bottom rail (2) and a second groove (8) of a beam structure (3) or in two second grooves (8) of two superimposed beam structures (3).
• the superposition of two beam structures (3) is carried out on the upper and lower sections of the panels (5) and advantageously on the upper and lower sections of the spacers (6), ensuring a good distribution of the load forces of the structure. stacking result.
• a spacer (6) comprises a centered cutout (15) at its upper and lower ends, for the passage of technical ducts, such as electrical or plumbing networks.
• a centered cutout makes it possible to keep a portion of the upper edge and a portion of the lower edge on either side of their respective centered cutout (15), making it possible to maintain the mechanical strength by load distribution. of the resulting stack structure.
• the two side panels each comprise a second groove (8) on their respective lower face (53) and their upper face (54).
• the central panel does not have a second groove (8).
• a central panel without a second groove (8) also makes it possible to optimize the load descent of a stack of beam structure (3) unlike a series of panels (5) assembled by tongues (4). ).
• all of the panels (5) of a beam structure (3) comprise a second groove (8) on their lower face (53) and their upper face (54).
• the outer panel and the central panel include second grooves (8).
• the interior panel is devoid of a second groove (8), which ensures free movement between the housing directed towards the interior and the interior of the construction, in particular in the case where the interior housing does not have any insulating elements, but is only used for the passages of the technical ducts.
• a second groove (8) is advantageously centered on the lower face (53) and on the upper face (54) of a panel (5).
• the bottom rail (2) comprises as many first grooves (7) as the beam structure (3) comprises a panel (5) provided with a second groove (8).
• a panel (5) comprises a vertical groove (16) arranged over the height of its end faces (55).
• the end faces (55) of a beam structure (3) are intended to match the end faces (55) of another beam structure (3), for the assembly of two beam structures ( 3) in the length of a wall.
• the modular construction system (1) comprises junction plates, not shown, intended to slide in the vertical grooves (16) mounted in opposition of two beam structures (3).
• the inner panel and the outer panel comprise vertical grooves (16).
• the panels (5) are produced by bonding three layers of wood veneer.
• the modular construction system (1) comprises closure plates, advantageously made of metallic materials, from the longitudinal ends of one beam structure (3) to another as part of an assembly. lengthwise of two adjacent beam structures (3).
• a closure plate joins two contiguous panels (5), matching their respective inner face (51) and partitioning their outer face (52) assembled in opposition.
• a closure plate comprises a planar central portion of which two of its parallel lateral ends are folded inwards, so as to form two vertical ribs, while the panels intended to be joined to each other include a connecting groove. vertical arranged on their inner face (52), more precisely arranged opposite their end filling space (13).
• the profile of a vertical connection groove makes an angle other than 90 degrees with the inner face (51) in which it is located.
• the aforementioned assembly provides additional mechanical strength for maintaining a row of beam structure (3).
• a vertical rib is intended to slide in a vertical connecting groove.
• at least a first groove (7) of the bottom rail (2) is arranged so that the outer face (52) of the inner panel is in the extension of the clearance (9) of the bottom rail (2).
• a bracket (10) is fixed against the outer face (52) of the inner panel and against the base.
• a beam angle structure is intended for the junction of two beam structures at a corner of the bottom rail.
• a beam angle structure comprises four panel portions intended to be secured in pairs.
• the two pairs of panel portions being intended to join the interior panels and the exterior panels of two beam structures (3) each positioned on a corner portion (2a) of the bottom rail (2).
• a beam corner structure is intended to be positioned at the end of a row of beam structures (3) for securing the roof.
• a beam corner structure is a beam structure (3) in which one of the ends of each of the panels (5), along their length, is bevelled in order to form an angle of 33 or 66 degrees from the underside (53) of a panel (5), while its other end is straight so as to be connected to the end faces (5) of a beam structure (3 ) adjacent.
• a corner structure includes a lower angle of 33 degrees and an upper angle of 66 degrees or a lower angle of 66 degrees and an upper angle of 33 degrees.
• a frame arrangement structure is intended to receive a frame, for example a window.
• a frame arrangement structure comprises four framing portions (17) intended to form the periphery of a frame.
• a frame portion (17) is a profile comprising an outer face (172) intended to be positioned in the direction of the exterior, an interior face (171) intended to be positioned in the direction of the interior of the modular construction, a frame coupling face (173) intended to fit against the side edges of a frame, a connection face (174) of a beam structure (3) intended to be attached to a face end (55) or to a lower face (53) or to an upper face (54) of a beam structure (3), and end faces (175) intended to connect respectively to another face end (175) of another frame portion (17).
• the frame coupling face (173) comprises a fitting groove (18) intended for the fitting of a frame.
• the frame arrangement structure thus comprises a peripheral fitting groove, formed by the fitting grooves (18) of four frame portions (17).
• the connection face (174) of a beam structure (3) comprises at least one second groove (8) intended to come into correspondence with a second groove (8) or a fitting groove (16 ) of a panel (5) of a beam structure (3).
• the aforementioned assembly is produced by means of a tongue (4) having a dimension adapted to the frame portions (17).
• a beam structure (3) comprises four panels (5).
• the two side panels (5) each comprise second grooves (8), while the two central panels (5) have no second grooves (8), the bottom rail (2) comprising two first grooves (7) located substantially opposite its inner face (23) and its outer face (24).
• the stack of panels (5) without second grooves (8) allows a better distribution of the load drops, ensuring increased mechanical resistance.
• the exterior facing namely the panels (5) of the beam structures (3), stacked on a low rail (2), comprises a ventilation system.
• the ventilation system comprises openings located on the exterior facing, preferably openings located substantially at the respective ends, in the direction of the height of the exterior facing, for example openings in the exterior panel of the or one of the first row (s) of beam structures and the or one of the last row (s) of beam structures of one or more walls of the resulting structure.
• the housing intended to be oriented towards the outside is strictly devoid of any insulation element.
• the housing facing the exterior facing provides natural ventilation through the air movements created by the aforementioned ventilation system.
• the housing intended to be oriented towards the outside, without an insulation element makes it possible to prevent water infiltration into the wooden frame structure according to the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

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Citations (1)

• 2019
  • 2019-09-09 FR FR1909872A patent/FR3100551B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-08-31 WO PCT/EP2020/074190 patent/WO2021047930A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-08-31 EP EP20761849.7A patent/EP4028603B1/de active Active

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