WO2021047570A1

WO2021047570A1 - Yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality

Info

Publication number: WO2021047570A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/114367
Authority: WO
Inventors: 蒋守群; 林厦菁; 王一冰; 苟钟勇; 李龙; 范秋丽; 叶金玲
Original assignee: 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所
Priority date: 2019-09-11
Filing date: 2020-09-10
Publication date: 2021-03-18
Also published as: AU2020347332A1; CN110447766B; CN110447766A; AU2020347332B2

Abstract

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality. The feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of chicken multivitamin, 70-90 parts of poultry mineral, 130-220 parts of 50% of choline chloride, 40-60 parts of coccidium killing agent, 80-120 parts of Luprosil salt, 440-620 parts of corncob powder, 20-100 parts of additives, and 90,000-110,000 parts of a basic fodder. A cornflower flavone extract, ganoderma lucidum powder, a growth-promoting agent, cinnamaldehyde and the like instead of antibiotics are used as premixes of the additives in the basic fodder, so as to improve the growth performance, an immune organ index, intestinal tract health, the activity of indicators in serum, the activity of indicators in liver, and the gene expression level of yellow feather broilers, and finally to improve the meat quality and the immune function of the yellow feather broilers.

Description

Yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding, in particular to a feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality.

Background technique

In recent years, the production of yellow feather broilers in my country has developed rapidly, and the output is increasing at a rate of about 15% every year. Yellow feather broilers are popular with consumers because of their excellent meat quality. However, domestic high-quality yellow feather broiler breeding has always used production performance and other commodity traits (feather color, skin color, etc.) as selective traits. As a result, production performance has been greatly improved. The quality has been declining, and due to various reasons, various diseases of chickens continue to occur and become more and more complicated.

With the development of the breeding industry, the application of feed is more and more extensive. The existing conventional feeds add hormones and antibiotics to promote the growth of livestock and poultry and increase body weight. However, they are easy to remain in the bodies of livestock and poultry, which will cause adverse effects after human consumption and damage human health. Although livestock and poultry fed with conventional feed can grow rapidly in a short period of time and increase the economic benefits of farmers, the meat quality of such livestock and poultry is not good and the taste is poor.

Meat quality traits include tenderness, flavor, juiciness, meat color, water power, etc., which determine the acceptability of meat to consumers, which are mainly affected by the internal chemical composition and tissue structure of the meat, such as chemical composition and muscle tissue. The effects of physical characteristics are also related to the characteristics of muscle metabolism after slaughter, such as glycogenolysis. In recent years, the research on chicken quality control has received more and more attention and has become one of the hotspots of international research. Many researchers believe that the purpose of improving the quality of chicken can be achieved by scientifically formulating diets and suitable feeding methods, or adding exogenous active substances to improve meat quality in the form of diets. Therefore, it is also an effective and feasible way to improve the quality of chicken meat through nutritional regulation.

Therefore, how to provide a chicken feed capable of improving the meat quality of yellow feather broilers is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a yellow feather broiler feed with improved meat quality.

In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 15-30 parts by weight of chicken multivitamin, 70-90 parts of poultry mine, 130-220 parts of 50% choline chloride, 40-60 parts of ball must kill, 80-120 parts of Lubao fine salt, 440-620 parts of corncob powder, 20-100 parts of additives, 90000-110000 parts of basic diet.

Further, the above-mentioned feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-28 parts by weight of chicken multivitamin, 75-85 parts of poultry mine, 190-210 parts of 50% choline chloride, and 45-55 parts of ball must kill. , 90-110 parts of Lubao fine salt, 450-530 parts of corn cob powder, 30-80 parts of additives, 98000-105000 parts of basic diet.

Preferably, the above-mentioned yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts by weight of chicken multivitamins, 80 parts of poultry mine, 200 parts of 50% choline chloride, 50 parts of ball must kill, and 100 parts of dew-preserved salt , 485 parts of corn cob flour, 60 parts of additives, 99,000 parts of basic diet.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts by weight of chicken multivitamins, 75-85 parts of poultry mine, 130-180 parts of 50% choline chloride, and 45-55 parts of ball must kill. , 90-110 parts of Lubao fine salt, 530-600 parts of corn cob powder, 30-80 parts of additives, 98000-105000 parts of basic diet.

Preferably, the above-mentioned feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of chicken multivitamin, 80 parts of poultry mine, 150 parts of 50% choline chloride, 50 parts of ball must kill, and 100 parts of dew-preserved salt , 540 parts of corn cob flour, 60 parts of additives, 99,000 parts of basic diet.

Further, the above-mentioned additive is one of Suidafei, cornflower flavonoid extract, Ganoderma lucidum powder, Yichangsu, and cinnamaldehyde.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned basic diet consists of the following raw materials by weight: 60000-67000 parts by weight of corn, 1500-2700 parts of DDGS, 1600-2000 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 18000-25000 parts of soybean meal, 3800-4600 parts of peanut meal, 800 parts of soybean oil -2300 parts, lysine hydrochloride 120-230 parts, DL-methionine 110-180 parts, stone powder 1100-1300 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1500-1950 parts, table salt 260-320 parts.

The above-mentioned further beneficial effect is that the basic diet with the above-mentioned ratio can provide various nutrients required for the growth of yellow-feathered broilers, promote the growth of yellow-feathered broilers, and at the same time assist in improving the meat quality of yellow-feathered chickens;

Among them, corn has high nutritional value, rich in fat, protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, calcium, iron, phosphorus, niacin, riboflavin, etc., and is the main nutrient in basic diets.

DDGS is dried distillers grains and its solubles, and is an excellent source of essential fatty acids and linoleic acid.

The protein content of feather meal can be as high as 80%, and the amino acid composition is relatively complete. Except for lysine and methionine lower than imported fish meal, other trace elements are higher than fish meal, and the content of cystine ranks first among all natural feeds. Good protein feed resources.

Soybean meal can provide vegetable protein and amino acids for yellow feather broilers, and the composition ratio of essential amino acids is good.

Peanut meal is a kind of food resource with high protein, low fat, and very high flavonoid content. It is rich in amino acids, with a total of 18 kinds of amino acids, and has a complete range of essential amino acids, high content, and good palatability.

Soybean oil can provide a variety of valuable nutrients for yellow feather broilers, especially palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, linolenic acid and so on.

Lysine, the main component of lysine hydrochloride, is one of the essential amino acids for humans and mammals. It can promote the growth and development of yellow-feather broilers, enhance immunity, resist viruses, and promote fat oxidation.

DL-methionine is used as a nutrient fortifier in feed and a feed additive to make up for the balance of amino acids. It can effectively alleviate the occurrence of diseases such as yellow-feather broiler dysplasia, weight loss, weakened liver and kidney function, muscle atrophy, and fur deterioration.

Stone powder is used to increase calcium absorption of yellow feather broilers, help development, and assist digestion.

Calcium hydrogen phosphate is used as an auxiliary feed for yellow feather broilers, which can promote feed digestion and weight gain to increase meat production. At the same time, it can also treat rickets, rickets, anemia, etc.

Table salt is used as a condiment for basic diets, and it is also an indispensable substance in the growth process of yellow feather broilers.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned basic diet consists of the following raw materials by weight: 60000-63000 parts of corn, 1500-2000 parts of DDGS, 1800-2000 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 22000-25000 parts of soybean meal, 4200-4600 parts of peanut meal, 800 parts of soybean oil -1600 parts, lysine hydrochloride 120-180 parts, DL-methionine 150-180 parts, stone powder 1200-1300 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1700-1950 parts, table salt 280-305 parts.

Preferably, the above-mentioned basic diet consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 62260 parts of corn, 1690 parts of DDGS, 1950 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 24000 parts of soybean meal, 4420 parts of peanut meal, 940 parts of soybean oil, and 146 parts of lysine hydrochloride. Parts, 168 parts of DL-methionine, 1256 parts of stone powder, 1870 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 300 parts of table salt.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned basic diet consists of the following raw materials by weight: 63000-67000 parts of corn, 2100-2700 parts of DDGS, 1600-1800 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 18000-22000 parts of soybean meal, 3800-4200 parts of peanut meal, and 1600 parts of soybean oil. -2300 parts, lysine hydrochloride 180-230 parts, DL-methionine 110-150 parts, stone powder 1100-1200 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1500-1700 parts, table salt 280-305 parts.

Preferably, the above-mentioned basic diet consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65450 parts of corn, 2600 parts of DDGS, 1700 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal, 19600 parts of soybean meal, 4000 parts of peanut meal, 2200 parts of soybean oil, and 216 parts of lysine hydrochloride. Parts, 134 parts of DL-methionine, 1190 parts of stone powder, 1600 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 300 parts of table salt.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention is that the present invention can simultaneously add cornflower flavonoid extract, Ganoderma lucidum powder, elongation and cinnamaldehyde to the basic diet to replace antibiotics, which can improve yellow feather broilers. Growth performance, immune organ index, intestinal health, activity of various indicators in serum, activity of various indicators in liver and gene expression levels, ultimately improve the meat quality and immune function of yellow feather broilers.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following weight g raw materials: 25g chicken multivitamin, 80g poultry mine, 200g 50% choline chloride, 50g ball, 100g dew-preserved salt, 545g corn cob powder, corn 62260g, DDGS1690g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1950g, soybean meal 24000g, peanut meal 4420g, soybean oil 940g, lysine hydrochloride 146g, DL-methionine 168g, stone powder 1256g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1870g, salt 300g.

Example 2

A yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following weight g raw materials: 25g chicken multivitamin, 80g poultry mine, 200g 50% choline chloride, 50g ball, 100g dew-preserved salt, 5440g corncob powder, fast Large fertilizer 1g, corn 62260g, DDGS1690g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1950g, soybean meal 24000g, peanut meal 4420g, soybean oil 940g, lysine hydrochloride 146g, DL-methionine 168g, stone powder 1256g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1870g, salt 300g.

Example 3

A feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 25g of chicken multivitamins, 80g of poultry mine, 200g of 50% choline chloride, 50g of ball must kill, 100g of dew-preserved salt, 505g of corn cob powder, Cucurbita flavonoid extract 40g, corn 62260g, DDGS 1690g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1950g, soybean meal 24000g, peanut meal 4420g, soybean oil 940g, lysine hydrochloride 146g, DL-methionine 168g, stone powder 1256g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1870g, 300g table salt.

Example 4

A yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 25 g of chicken multivitamins, 80 g of poultry ore, 200 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 465 g of corn cob powder, 80g of corn flavonoid extract, 62260g of corn, 1690g of DDGS, 1950g of hydrolyzed feather meal, 24000g of soybean meal, 4420g of peanut meal, 940g of soybean oil, 146g of lysine hydrochloride, 168g of DL-methionine, 1256g of stone powder, 1870g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 300g table salt.

Example 5

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 25g of chicken multivitamins, 80g of poultry ore, 200g of 50% choline chloride, 50g of ball must kill, 100g of dew-preserved salt, 515g of corn cob powder, Ganoderma lucidum Powder 30g, corn 62260g, DDGS 1690g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1950g, soybean meal 24000g, peanut meal 4420g, soybean oil 940g, lysine hydrochloride 146g, DL-methionine 168g, stone powder 1256g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1870g, salt 300g.

Example 6

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 25g chicken multivitamin, 80g poultry ore, 200g 50% choline chloride, 50g ball must kill, 100g dew salt 100g, corn cob powder 485g, Ganoderma lucidum Powder 60g, corn 62260g, DDGS 1690g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1950g, soybean meal 24000g, peanut meal 4420g, soybean oil 940g, lysine hydrochloride 146g, DL-methionine 168g, stone powder 1256g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1870g, table salt 300g.

Example 7

A yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following weight g raw materials: 25g chicken multivitamin, 80g poultry mine, 200g 50% choline chloride, 50g ball must kill, 100g dew-preserved salt, 515g corncob powder, 30g of long element, 62260g of corn, 1690g of DDGS, 1950g of hydrolyzed feather meal, 24000g of soybean meal, 4420g of peanut meal, 940g of soybean oil, 146g of lysine hydrochloride, 168g of DL-methionine, 1256g of stone powder, 1870g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 300g of table salt.

Example 8

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 25g of chicken multivitamin, 80g of poultry mine, 200g of 50% choline chloride, 50g of ball must kill, 100g of dew-preserved salt, 515g of corn cob powder, cinnamon Aldehyde 30g, corn 62260g, DDGS 1690g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1950g, soybean meal 24000g, peanut meal 4420g, soybean oil 940g, lysine hydrochloride 146g, DL-methionine 168g, stone powder 1256g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1870g, table salt 300g.

Example 9

A yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following weight g raw materials: 20g chicken multivitamins, 80g poultry mine, 150g 50% choline chloride, 50g ball must kill, 100g dew-preserved salt, 600g corn cob powder, corn 65450g, DDGS2600g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1700g, soybean meal 19600g, peanut meal 4000g, soybean oil 2200g, lysine hydrochloride 216g, DL-methionine 134g, stone powder 1190g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1600g, table salt 300g.

Example 10

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 20 g of chicken multivitamins, 80 g of poultry ore, 150 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 599 g of corn cob powder, fast Large fertilizer 1g, corn 65450g, DDGS 2600g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1700g, soybean meal 19600g, peanut meal 4000g, soybean oil 2200g, lysine hydrochloride 216g, DL-methionine 134g, stone powder 1190g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1600g, salt 300g.

Example 11

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 20 g of chicken multivitamins, 80 g of poultry mine, 150 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 560 g of corn cob powder, Cornflower flavonoid extract 40g, corn 65450g, DDGS 2600g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1700g, soybean meal 19600g, peanut meal 4000g, soybean oil 2200g, lysine hydrochloride 216g, DL-methionine 134g, stone powder 1190g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1600g, 300g table salt.

Example 12

A yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 20g of chicken multivitamins, 80g of poultry mine, 150g of 50% choline chloride, 50g of ball must kill, 100g of dew-preserved salt, 520g of corncob powder, 80g of cornflower flavonoid extract, 65450g of corn, 2600g of DDGS, 1700g of hydrolyzed feather meal, 19600g of soybean meal, 4000g of peanut meal, 2200g of soybean oil, 216g of lysine hydrochloride, 134g of DL-methionine, 1190g of stone powder, 1600g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 300g table salt.

Example 13

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 20 g of chicken multivitamins, 80 g of poultry mine, 150 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 570 g of corn cob powder, and Ganoderma lucidum Powder 30g, corn 65450g, DDGS 2600g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1700g, soybean meal 19600g, peanut meal 4000g, soybean oil 2200g, lysine hydrochloride 216g, DL-methionine 134g, stone powder 1190g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1600g, salt 300g.

Example 14

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, consisting of the following weight g of raw materials: 20 g of chicken multivitamins, 80 g of poultry ore, 150 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 540 g of corn cob powder, and Ganoderma lucidum Powder 60g, corn 65450g, DDGS 2600g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1700g, soybean meal 19600g, peanut meal 4000g, soybean oil 2200g, lysine hydrochloride 216g, DL-methionine 134g, stone powder 1190g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1600g, salt 300g.

Example 15

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following weight g raw materials: 20 g of chicken multivitamin, 80 g of poultry mine, 150 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 570 g of corncob powder, 30g of long element, 65450g of corn, 2600g of DDGS, 1700g of hydrolyzed feather meal, 19600g of soybean meal, 4000g of peanut meal, 2200g of soybean oil, 216g of lysine hydrochloride, 134g of DL-methionine, 1190g of stone powder, 1600g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 300g of table salt.

Example 16

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is composed of the following weight g of raw materials: 20 g of chicken multivitamins, 80 g of poultry mine, 150 g of 50% choline chloride, 50 g of ball must kill, 100 g of dew-preserved salt, 570 g of corn cob powder, cinnamon Aldehydes 30g, corn 65450g, DDGS 2600g, hydrolyzed feather meal 1700g, soybean meal 19600g, peanut meal 4000g, soybean oil 2200g, lysine hydrochloride 216g, DL-methionine 134g, stone powder 1190g, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1600g, salt 300g.

Performance Testing

1. Testing the nutritional level of basic diets

See Table 1 for the raw material ratio and nutritional level of the basic diets in Examples 1-16.

Table 1 Example 1-16 Basic diet raw material ratio and nutritional level table

The basic diet composition in Table 1 is designed according to the "Chinese Feed Ingredients and Nutritional Value Table (15 Edition)", and the basic diet nutrition level refers to my country's "Chicken Feeding Standards" (NY/T33-2004), which is a fast commercial chicken Nutritional requirements for normal growth.

2. Experimental results

The experiment adopted a single-factor randomized grouping experiment design, and selected 384 1-day-old fast large Lingnan yellow-feather broiler chickens as the experimental chickens. According to the principle of weight consistency, they were divided into 8 treatment groups, each treatment was 6 replicates, and each replicate had 8 chickens. . Specifically divided into: ① control group, ② antibiotic group, ③ cornflower flavonoid extract 400mg/kg group, ④ cornflower flavonoid extract 800mg/kg group, ⑤ Ganoderma lucidum powder 300mg/kg group, ⑥ Ganoderma lucidum powder 600mg/kg Group, ⑦ Yichangsu 300mg/kg group, ⑧ Cinnamaldehyde 300mg/kg group.

The test period is 45 days. The feeding experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Animal Nutrition Research Laboratory of the Institute of Animal Husbandry, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and caged. The feeding management and environmental conditions of each treatment are the same. The test chickens are free to eat pellets and freely drink water. They are reared and immunized in accordance with conventional feeding procedures and immunization procedures. The test period is 45 days, and the temperature, humidity, weather conditions, maximum and minimum temperatures at 8:00 and 14:30 are recorded every day.

The experiment was divided into two stages, 1-21 days old (each group was fed the diets in Examples 1-8 in order, the premix formula is shown in Table 2, the unit is g), 22-45 days old (each The groups were fed the diets in Examples 9-16 in order, the premix formula is shown in Table 3, and the unit is g).

Data processing and statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by one-wayANOVA in SPSS21.0 statistical software, and Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons for the significance of differences, and P<0.05 was used as the criterion for judging the significance of differences.

Table 2 Formula of 1% premix at the 1--21 day age stage

Table 3 Formula of 1% premix at 22-45 days of age

1. Growth performance measurement

At the beginning of the test and at the end of each phase (21 and 45 days of age), the feed and water supply will be cut off at 17:00 the night before the end of the day. In the early morning of the next day, the chicken fasting weight and feed will be weighed in units of repetitions, and the feed amount and remaining feed will be accurately recorded Count the average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio of test chickens. The test observes the health status, mental state, feed intake, color of feces, etc. of the chickens every day, records the number of deaths, and promptly weighs the number of defectives, dead chickens and the amount of leftovers in their pens, and eliminates them. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Growth performance test results

It can be seen from Table 4 that compared with the antibiotic group, the feed supplemented with Ganoderma lucidum powder 600mg/kg group and Yichangsu 300mg/kg group significantly increased the 21-day-old body weight of the experimental chickens (increased by 3.08%, 2.98%, respectively), and the average daily gain was 3.42% and 3.27%, reducing the feed-to-weight ratio, adding Ganoderma lucidum powder 600mg/kg compared with the blank control group and the antibiotic group significantly increased the 45-day-old body weight (increased by 3.51% and 1.72%) and feed intake, and reduced The mortality rate.

2. Determination of blood biochemical indicators

At the end of each stage, the activities of uric acid, MDA, IgA, IFN-γ, IL-6, iNOS, T-SOD, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase ALT and alkaline phosphatase AKP in plasma were measured.

Plasma uric acid, MDA, IgA, IFN-γ, IL-6, iNOS, T-SOD, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase AKP activity are all measured in the multifunctional microplate reader (SpectraMaxM- 5, Molecular Devices Company, USA). The detection kits for IgA, IFN-γ, and IL-6 are provided by Beijing Equanion Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and other kits are provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Co., Ltd. The detection methods and results calculation are carried out according to the instructions of the instrument. The test results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Test results of blood biochemical indicators

It can be seen from Table 5 that the addition of Ganoderma lucidum powder and Yichangsu significantly increased the TSOD activity, IgA, IL-6 levels in the blood of the test chickens and the i-NOS activity in the jejunum.

3. Determination of liver biochemical indicators

At the end of each stage, a liver tissue sample was taken to determine the activities of T-SOD, glutathione transsulfurase (GST), AKP, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and cholinesterase (CHE).

The activity of T-SOD, glutathione transferase (GST), AKP, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and cholinesterase (CHE) in liver tissues are all measured in a multifunctional microplate reader (SpectraMaxM-5 , Molecular Devices Inc., USA). The detection kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Co., Ltd., and the detection method and result calculation were performed according to the kit instructions. The test results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Measurement results of liver biochemical indicators

4. Organ index test

In each group of 21-day-old chickens, two test chickens with a weight close to the average weight were repeatedly selected. The spleen, bursa of fabric, and thymus were weighed, and the immune organ index was calculated. The glandular stomach and muscular stomach were dissected and weighed, and photographed for observation. Weigh the dissected thymus, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, liver, proventriculus, and musculoskeletal stomach, and calculate the percentage of each weight to the weight of live fasting chickens before slaughter to obtain the index of each immune organ. The experimental results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7 21-day-old immune organ index test results

5. Determination of intestinal index

After 21-day-old test chickens were collected blood, they were slaughtered to separate intestinal tissues, and the following indicators were to be tested.

5.1. Intestinal biochemical index detection

Test intestinal MDA content, glutathione S transferase (GST), INOS, T-SOD, Ca-ATPase activity

The determination of MDA content, glutathione S transferase (GST), INOS, T-SOD, and Ca-ATPase activities in jejunum mucosal tissues were performed on a multifunctional microplate reader (SpectraMaxM-5, Molecular Devices, USA) . The detection kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Co., Ltd., and the detection method and result calculation were performed according to the kit instructions. The experimental results are shown in Table 8.

Table 8 Test results of intestinal biochemical indicators

5.3 Observation of intestinal morphology and structure

(1) Observation of morphological structure: Take two intestinal sections of 2 cm in the middle of jejunum and fix them with 4% formaldehyde solution for 24 hours; make sections for HE and PAS histochemical staining and observe the morphological structure of intestinal mucosa with light microscope to measure villus height and crypt depth. Calculate the ratio of villi height to crypt depth. The experimental results are shown in Table 9.

Table 9 The structure of the jejunum mucosa

It can be seen from Table 7 that compared with the antibiotic group, the 600mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum powder group increased the villus height of the jejunum mucosa.

5. Meat quality index test

At the age of 45 days, 2 chickens of similar weight were randomly selected for each repetition, and the pectoralis major muscle was taken to determine the pH value, drip loss rate, meat color, and shear force. Muscle biochemical indicators: Determine the mRNA levels of inosinic acid, adenosine succinate lyase ADSL, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, etc. in breast muscle.

At the age of 45 days, select 2 chickens that are close to the average weight for each repetition. The skinless and boneless breast muscles on both sides are completely peeled off, and the fat tissues around the breast muscles are removed. The breast muscles, pH value, flesh color, tenderness and drip loss are measured. . The experimental results are shown in Table 10.

Meat color measurement: 45min after slaughter, the brightness L*, redness a* and yellowness b* values were measured with a color difference meter (Model CR-410, Minolta, Japan). Choose 3 positions for each pectoral muscle sample, and take the average of the measured values of 3 points.

pH measurement: Measure the pH of the breast muscle 24 hours after slaughter, and use a pH meter (HI8424, Beijing Hanna Instrument Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing) to select 3 locations for each breast muscle sample, and then take the average value.

Drip loss rate test: Take a 2.0g muscle from each pectoral muscle sample, weigh it and record it, then hang it in an inflatable bag, store it at 4°C, weigh the dripping weight after 24 hours, and then proceed according to the following formula Calculation.

Drip loss rate (%)=(muscle weight before dripping-muscle weight after dripping)/muscle weight before dripping*100.

Table 10 Chest muscle quality test results

It can be seen from Table 10 that the addition of Ganoderma lucidum powder significantly increased the inosinic acid content (+14.26%, +27.895) in the breast muscles of the 45-day-old test chickens. Compared with the antibiotic group, the addition of cornflower flavonoid extract, Ganoderma lucidum powder, and elongation Both cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde reduced the rate of pectoral muscle drip loss after slaughter.

6. Measurement of sensory tasting score for chest muscles

Flavor tasting method: cut each test chicken breast muscle (45 days old) into a small bowl, wrap it in foil, and paste the corresponding label (all chickens for tasting are numbered, and the sample number is hidden. ), put it in a large pot and steam for 10 minutes, then take it out. Twelve members of all ages and genders are invited to serve as judges for muscle tasting. The tasting items include: viewing color, smelling fragrance, taste, chewing tenderness and tasting five items. Clean water was used to rinse the mouth between each sample tasting. The score uses 5 levels, excellent (extremely strong), good (strong), medium (moderate), inferior (weak), poor (very weak), respectively, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and each judge is independent Score. Finally, calculate the respective averages and total scores of the 5 items of each pectoral muscle for statistical analysis. The test results are shown in Table 11.

Table 10 Sensory Tasting Score

It can be seen from Table 11 that there was no significant difference in the sensory tasting index of the chest muscles in each treatment group.

7. Determination of the mRNA levels of adenosine succinate lyase ADSL and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in breast muscle

Trizol one-step method was used to extract tissue-like total RNA, and reverse transcription was performed according to TaKaRa's Prime Script TMRT reagent Kit (RR047A). According to the gene sequence provided by Genbank in NCBI, Prime Premier 5.0 software was used to analyze adenosuccinate Two genes of lyase ADSL, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase OGDC and an internal reference gene β-actin were used for primer sequence design, which was synthesized by Shanghai Shenggong Bioengineering Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch. Using chicken breast muscle cDNA as a template, according to the corresponding primers, and referring to the reaction system in Table 3, each component was added to a 96-well plate dedicated for fluorescence quantitative PCR. The reaction procedure is: 95°C pre-denaturation for 1 min; 95°C denaturation for 15 sec, annealing at gene-specific annealing temperature conditions for 15 sec, 72° C. extension for 40 sec, 40 cycles. Use β-actin as an internal reference to process the obtained signals and data. On the basis of determining that the amplification efficiency of each target gene is close to that of the internal reference gene, the △△Ct method is used to measure the abundance of mRNA expression of each gene. The average Ct value of the corresponding sample is subtracted from the average Ct value of β-actin to obtain the △Ct value, and then one of the samples is used as a reference, and each △Ct value is subtracted from the sample’s △Ct value to get △△Ct Value, and finally calculate the average relative expression to be 2 ^-△△Ct .

The test results were analyzed by SPSS17.0, and Duncan's method was used for multiple comparisons on the basis of significant differences. The significance level was P<0.05, and the results were expressed as mean±standard error. The data results are shown in Table 12.

Table 12 The influence of related gene expression in chest muscle

It can be seen from Table 12 that compared with the antibiotic group, the adenosine succinate lyase ADSL gene expression level in the breast muscle of the 600 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum powder group was significantly increased (+33.6%). Compared with the antibiotic group, the addition of cornflower flavonoid extract, Ganoderma lucidum powder and cinnamaldehyde OGDC gene expression levels increased respectively (+76.9%, +136.5% and +55.8%).

Claims

A yellow feather broiler feed for improving meat quality, which is characterized in that it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts by weight of chicken multivitamins, 70-90 parts of poultry mine, 130-220 parts of 50% choline chloride, and 40 parts by weight. -60 parts, 80-120 parts of dew-preserved fine salt, 440-620 parts of corn cob powder, 20-100 parts of additives, 90000-110000 parts of basic diet.
The yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality according to claim 1, characterized in that it is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 23-28 parts by weight of chicken multivitamin, 75-85 parts of poultry mine, 50% choline chloride 190-210 Servings, 45-55 servings of ball must kill, 90-110 servings of dew-preserved salt, 450-530 servings of corn cob powder, 30-80 servings of additives, 98000-105000 servings of basic diet.
The feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality according to claim 2, characterized in that it is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 15-23 parts by weight of chicken multivitamin, 75-85 parts of poultry mine, 50% choline chloride 130-180 Servings, 45-55 servings of ball must kill, 90-110 servings of dew-preserved salt, 530-600 servings of corn cob powder, 30-80 servings of additives, 98000-105000 servings of basic diet.
The yellow-feather broiler feed for improving meat quality according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the additives are Suda Fertilizer, Cornflower Flavonoid Extract, Ganoderma lucidum powder, Yichangsu, Cinnamaldehyde Kind of.
The feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality according to claim 1, wherein the basic diet is composed of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 60000-67000 parts of corn, 1500-2700 parts of DDGS, and 1600-2000 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal Parts, soybean meal 18000-25000 parts, peanut meal 3800-4600 parts, soybean oil 800-2300 parts, lysine hydrochloride 120-230 parts, DL-methionine 110-180 parts, stone powder 1100-1300 parts, hydrogen phosphate 1500-1950 parts of calcium and 260-320 parts of table salt.
The feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality according to claim 5, wherein the basic diet is composed of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 60000-63000 parts of corn, 1500-2000 parts of DDGS, and 1800-2000 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal Parts, soybean meal 22000-25000 parts, peanut meal 4200-4600 parts, soybean oil 800-1600 parts, lysine hydrochloride 120-180 parts, DL-methionine 150-180 parts, stone powder 1200-1300 parts, hydrogen phosphate 1700-1950 parts of calcium and 280-305 parts of table salt.
The feed for yellow feather broilers with improved meat quality according to claim 6, wherein the basic diet consists of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 63000-67000 parts of corn, 2100-2700 parts of DDGS, and 1600-1800 parts of hydrolyzed feather meal Parts, soybean meal 18000-22000 parts, peanut meal 3800-4200 parts, soybean oil 1600-2300 parts, lysine hydrochloride 180-230 parts, DL-methionine 110-150 parts, stone powder 1100-1200 parts, hydrogen phosphate 1500-1700 parts of calcium and 280-305 parts of table salt.