WO2021047145A1 - 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法 - Google Patents

高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021047145A1
WO2021047145A1 PCT/CN2020/075471 CN2020075471W WO2021047145A1 WO 2021047145 A1 WO2021047145 A1 WO 2021047145A1 CN 2020075471 W CN2020075471 W CN 2020075471W WO 2021047145 A1 WO2021047145 A1 WO 2021047145A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
loading
module
temperature
tested sample
static
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/075471
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵宏伟
赵久成
张世忠
徐利霞
万杰
靖旭
赵大庆
赵甄章
周立明
方宇明
牟禹安
Original Assignee
吉林大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 吉林大学 filed Critical 吉林大学
Priority to US17/642,517 priority Critical patent/US11635359B2/en
Publication of WO2021047145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021047145A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
    • G01N2203/0008—High frequencies from 10 000 Hz
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0023—Bending
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0055—Generation of the force using mechanical waves, e.g. acoustic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0694—Temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of precision scientific instruments, in particular to an instrument and method for in-situ testing of mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature complex mechanical loads.
  • Test technology tensile-torsion and force-thermal coupling of nickel-based alloy fatigue failure testing technology, tensile-bending multiaxial fatigue testing technology, and developed related test equipment; for in-situ testing, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the United States , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Cambridge, Lausanne Institute of Technology in Switzerland, Zhejiang University and Jilin University have successively developed in-situ testing techniques such as indentation, stretching and bending under in-situ monitoring such as scanning electron microscopy and digital speckle. , American, British and Chinese related companies have successively launched commercial in-situ test instruments.
  • test devices and test technologies have their own characteristics, and have played an important role in the testing of mechanical properties of materials.
  • in-situ testing instruments and testing techniques for mechanical properties of materials under high temperature and complex mechanical loads.
  • Existing testing instruments and testing technologies are difficult to meet the testing requirements of materials in many key fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and nuclear industry, which restricts the guarantee of material performance and strict quality control. Therefore, in response to major national needs, it is very important to develop in-situ testing instruments for mechanical properties of materials under complex mechanical loads at high temperatures and to propose in-situ testing methods for mechanical properties of materials under complex mechanical loads at high temperatures.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ testing instrument and method for mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature complex mechanical loads, so as to make up for the deficiencies of existing testing instruments and testing methods.
  • the invention is based on electro-hydraulic servo drive technology, piezoelectric ultrasonic drive technology, uniformly distributed resistance wire radiation heating technology under vacuum/inert gas atmosphere, circulating cold medium non-contact refrigeration technology, and realizes the realization of the test sample in vacuum or inert gas atmosphere Under high-precision high/low temperature environment loading and multi-stage mechanical transmission series-parallel hybrid static and dynamic mechanical load composite loading, and integrate surface deformation damage measurement components, three-dimensional strain measurement components, microstructure measurement components and internal damage detection components , And then realize the parallel accurate in-situ measurement of the micromechanical behavior, deformation damage mode and performance evolution law of the tested sample.
  • an in-situ testing method for mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature complex mechanical loads is provided, which is oriented to major national needs and is designed to solve the practical problems under the action of high-temperature and complex static and dynamic mechanical loads.
  • the scientific problems of the mechanical behavior of materials, the mechanism of deformation and damage and their correlation with complex load effects and material properties provide an innovative technical means.
  • In-situ testing equipment for mechanical properties of materials under high temperature and complex mechanical loads including support frame module 1, high frequency fatigue loading module 2, static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3, high/low temperature loading module 4, in-situ monitoring module 5, including support frame Module 1 is isolated from vibration by vibration isolation spring 10503, and is fixed to the ground by anchor bolt 10504.
  • the high frequency fatigue loading module 2 is rigidly connected to the support plate 102 in the support frame module 1 through the motor support base 222, and is connected to the support plate 102 in the support frame module 1 through the slider assembly I219.
  • the guide rail assembly I 104 of the support frame module 1 is matched with the welded bellows I 40101 of the high temperature loading sub-module 401 through the connecting flange 214 to achieve high-frequency fatigue loading of the tested sample 30108 or applying static bending preload;
  • the mechanical load loading module 3 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 of the support frame module 1 through the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202 and the intermediate connecting plate 30303 respectively, and is connected to the flanges of the high temperature connecting rod I, the high temperature connecting rod II, and the high temperature connecting rod III respectively.
  • the welded bellows II 40108, welded bellows IV 40115, and welded bellows III 40114 of the high temperature loading submodule 401 are rigidly connected to realize the combined loading of static and dynamic tensile/compression/bending loads of the tested sample 30108; the high/low temperature loading module 4
  • the high-temperature loading sub-module 401 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 through the "L"-shaped rail seat 40105, and the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 of the high/low temperature loading module 4 is matched with the rail assembly III 40305 of the rotating cart 403 through the sliding block assembly III 40209, and high temperature loading
  • the sub-module 401 and the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 are switched to use to realize the loading of the test sample 30108 in a variable temperature environment from low to high temperature;
  • the in-situ monitoring module 5 is arranged in front and behind the high-temperature loading sub-module 401 and is integrally fixed On the installation platform 105,
  • the supporting frame module 1 adopts a four-column structure as a whole to achieve firm support for the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2, the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3, the high and low temperature loading module 4, and the in-situ monitoring module 5;
  • the specific structure of module 1 is: the upper surface of the installation table 10502 is machined with mutually perpendicular "T" grooves, the lower surface of the installation table 10502 is machined with mutually perpendicular reinforcing ribs, and the middle of the installation table 10502 is machined with grooves for static and dynamic bending loading. Installation and positioning of the sub-module 303.
  • the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2 is arranged vertically above the instrument, and the motor support base 222 is rigidly connected to the support plate 102 of the supporting frame module 1, so as to realize the installation and positioning of the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2; through the slider assembly I219 Cooperate with the guide rail assembly I104 of the support frame module 1 to achieve precise guidance in the loading direction of the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2 and eliminate the influence of the lateral force generated during the test; through the welding ripple of the connecting flange 214 and the high-temperature loading sub-module 401
  • the tube I 40101 is rigidly connected to realize the sealing with the high-temperature loading sub-module 401; the high-frequency loading module 2 is driven by the servo motor 201, and is transmitted through the reducer 223, the coupling 202, and the lead screw 221, and finally transmits the power to the ultrasonic bending press
  • the head 212 realizes the static bending preload of the tested sample 30108; the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2 is driven by the ultrasonic
  • the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3 is arranged on the installation platform 105, and includes a high temperature connecting rod assembly 301, a static and dynamic tensile/compression loading sub-module 302, and a static and dynamic bending loading sub-module 303.
  • the high temperature connecting rod assembly 301 guarantees The static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3 can be used normally in high temperature environments; the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 is arranged horizontally, the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 have exactly the same structure, and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the tested sample 30108 During the test, the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 can act independently, load the static and dynamic tensile/compression load on the single end of the tested sample 30108, and can also move synchronously, and simultaneously perform the static and dynamic tension on the tested sample 30108 at both ends.
  • the extension/compression load is loaded to ensure that the center of the gauge length section of the tested sample 30108 does not shift during the loading process;
  • the static and dynamic bending loading sub-module 303 is arranged vertically below the instrument, through the intermediate connecting plate 30303 and the lower surface of the installation platform 105 Rigid connection, which can act independently to realize the static and dynamic bending load loading of the tested sample 30108, and can also cooperate with the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 of the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 to realize the test
  • the double-ended synchronous static and dynamic tensile/compression load-bending load composite loading of the sample 30108 ensures that the center of the gauge length section of the tested sample 30108 does not deviate during the composite load loading process.
  • the high/low temperature loading module 4 includes a high temperature loading submodule 401, a low temperature loading submodule 402, and a rotating cart 403.
  • the high temperature loading submodule 401 passes through the "L"-shaped rail seat 40105 and the mounting platform 105 of the support frame module 1.
  • the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 cooperates with the rail assembly III 40305 of the rotating cart 403 through the slider assembly III 40209; the rotating cart 403 is moved by four rollers 40302, and the height and level of the rail assembly III 40305 are adjusted by four adjusting screws 40303;
  • the high-temperature loading sub-module 401 and the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 are switched to use through the rotating cart 403.
  • the in-situ monitoring module 5 includes a three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501, a surface deformation and damage measurement component 502, a microstructure measurement component 503, an internal damage detection component 504, and a three-dimensional strain measurement component 505, wherein the internal damage detection component 504, three-dimensional
  • the strain measurement component 505 is arranged in front of the high temperature loading sub-module 401, which respectively realizes the dynamic monitoring of the global temperature information, internal damage information, and three-dimensional strain information of the 30108 gauge length of the tested sample; the surface deformation damage measurement component 502, the microstructure
  • the measuring component 503 is arranged on the three-degree-of-freedom movement platform 501 behind the high-temperature loading submodule 401.
  • the three-degree-of-freedom movement platform 501 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 by screws, and the surface deformation damage measurement component 502,
  • the switching use of the microstructure measuring component 503 and the precise adjustment of the relative positions of the two along the axial and radial directions of the tested sample 30108 respectively realize the real-time monitoring of the global surface deformation and damage information of the tested sample 30108 and the micro-scale Zone morphology follow-up monitoring; four in-situ monitoring methods consisting of surface deformation damage measurement component 502, microstructure measurement component 503, internal damage detection component 504, and three-dimensional strain measurement component 505 can be used alone or in combination. Up to three types can be used at the same time to realize dynamic in-situ monitoring of the microstructure evolution and fatigue failure mode of the tested sample 30108.
  • the high-frequency loading module 2 is arranged vertically, and the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 is arranged horizontally, and the two are perpendicular to each other in space; during the test, the high-frequency loading module 2 operates independently to realize the 30108 static bending preload and high-frequency fatigue loading; high-frequency loading module 2 and static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 work together to achieve high-frequency fatigue under static tension-bending composite loading of the tested sample 30108 load.
  • the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 through T-bolts, and is rigidly connected to the four tie rods 30203 through the expansion sleeve assembly 30204 to form a reinforced force closed loop structure, which greatly increases the static and dynamic tension/compression Load the rigidity of the sub-module 302; and, the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 move toward each other along the tie rod 30203 to achieve precise adjustment of the relative position between the two.
  • the upper, lower, left and right sides of the vacuum chamber I 40112 of the high-temperature loading submodule 401 are respectively installed with welded bellows I 40101, welded bellows III 40114, welded bellows II 40108, and welded bellows IV 40115, and are connected to them respectively.
  • Flange 214, high temperature connecting rod I 30101, high temperature connecting rod II 30106, high temperature connecting rod III 30306 are rigidly connected with flanges to realize movement sealing during the test;
  • the front and rear sides of the vacuum chamber I 40112 are respectively provided with quartz observation windows I 40118 , Quartz observation window II 40113, used to ensure that the in-situ monitoring module 5 smoothly conducts dynamic in-situ monitoring of the tested sample 30108.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an in-situ testing method for mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature complex mechanical loads, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Installation of the tested sample 30108: mate the thread of the clamping end of the tested sample 30108 with the internal thread of the connecting piece I 30102 and connecting piece II 30107, and install the connecting piece I 30102 and connecting piece II 30107 on the high temperature connecting rod I 30101 and high temperature connecting rod respectively. Tighten the high-temperature connector I30103 and the high-temperature connector II30104 in the mounting hole at the end of the rod II30106 to complete the installation of the tested sample 30108;
  • Step 2 Loading of the tested sample 30108 in the high-temperature environment:
  • the loading of the tested sample 30108 in the high-temperature environment is realized by the high-temperature loading sub-module 401, which uses a mechanical pump to vacuum the vacuum chamber I 40112 or continuously inert gas into the vacuum chamber I 40112.
  • the temperature controller applies voltages of different sizes to the three sections of resistance wire in the heating furnace 40104 to generate heat, and realizes the high temperature environment loading of the tested sample 30108 at different temperatures by means of thermal radiation; infrared colorimeter I 40119, The infrared colorimeter II 40120 monitors the temperature of the 30108 gauge length of the tested sample in real time, takes the average value and feeds it back to the temperature controller to form a closed loop control;
  • Step 3 The two-end synchronous loading of the tested sample 30108 static tension/compression load:
  • the two-end synchronous loading of the tested sample 30108 static tension/compression load is realized by the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302, motion control
  • the piston rod I 3020103 of the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 are controlled by the high-pressure hydraulic oil to move synchronously towards each other.
  • the transmission of the intermediate connecting assembly drives the hydraulic force clamp 3020108 to move towards each other synchronously, and finally drives the two ends of the warm connecting rod assembly 301 to move towards each other synchronously. Movement to realize the simultaneous loading of both ends of the 30108 static tensile/compressive load of the tested sample;
  • Step 4 Loading the static bending load of the tested sample 30108:
  • the static bending load of the tested sample 30108 is loaded by the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2.
  • the power output by the servo motor 201 is through the multi-stage deceleration of the reducer 223 and the lead screw 221. Conversion of screw nut 204 and connecting sleeve 220, connecting plate 205, tension and pressure sensor I 206, mounting plate 207, force transmission rod 217, upper splint 216, lower splint 215, ultrasonic connector I 210, ultrasonic connector II 211,
  • the transmission of the ultrasonic probe 213 finally transmits the power to the ultrasonic bending indenter 212 to realize the static bending preload of the tested sample 30108;
  • Step 5 Loading the ultrasonic fatigue load of the tested sample 30108:
  • the loading of the ultrasonic fatigue load of the tested sample 30108 is realized by the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2.
  • the weak amplitude output by the ultrasonic transducer 208 is passed through the ultrasonic connector I210 and the ultrasonic connector II211. Gradual amplification of the ultrasonic probe 213, and finally transferred to the ultrasonic bending indenter 212, realizing high-frequency fatigue loading on the tested sample 30108;
  • Step 6 Dynamic in-situ monitoring of the tested sample 30108:
  • the dynamic in-situ monitoring of the tested sample 30108 is implemented by the in-situ monitoring module 5.
  • the internal damage detection component 504 and the three-dimensional strain measurement component 505 realize the gauge length of the tested sample 30108 Section global temperature information, internal damage information, and three-dimensional strain information are dynamically monitored;
  • the three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501 realizes the switching of the surface deformation damage measurement component 502 and the microstructure measurement component 503, and the two are along the 30108 axis of the tested sample
  • the precise adjustment of the relative position in the radial direction and the radial direction realizes the real-time monitoring of the global surface deformation and damage information of the 30108 gauge length of the tested sample, and the follow-up monitoring of the micro-area morphology of the gauge length section;
  • the measurement component 503, the internal damage detection component 504, and the three-dimensional strain measurement component 505 consist of
  • the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module mainly includes static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-modules, static and dynamic loading modules.
  • Bending loading sub-module, high/low temperature loading module mainly includes high-temperature loading sub-module, low-temperature loading sub-module, in-situ monitoring module mainly includes surface deformation damage measurement component, microstructure measurement component, internal damage detection component, and three-dimensional strain measurement component.
  • the whole device is highly modularized and standardized, which is convenient for maintenance.
  • a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere can be constructed.
  • the high-temperature loading sub-module and low-temperature loading sub-module of this device are equipped with a vacuum chamber, which can continuously pass inert gas into the vacuum chamber to remove air (oxygen), or use a mechanical pump (external device) to extract air (oxygen) in the vacuum chamber ), to construct an inert gas atmosphere or a vacuum-tight environment to effectively prevent the oxidation of the surface of the tested sample.
  • the device integrates the high-temperature loading sub-module and the low-temperature loading sub-module at the same time, and the two can be switched to each other, which can realize the high-precision and wide-range high/low temperature loading of the tested sample at -55°C ⁇ 1200°C.
  • This device can simulate the actual service conditions of materials.
  • This device integrates high-frequency fatigue loading module, static and dynamic mechanical load loading module, and high/low temperature loading module. It can build a high-temperature environment and perform high-frequency fatigue loading under static tensile-bending composite load on the tested sample, which truly simulates aviation
  • the actual service conditions of materials in many key fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and nuclear industry.
  • the device adopts electro-hydraulic servo drive technology, piezoelectric ultrasonic drive technology, uniformly distributed resistance wire radiation heating technology under vacuum/inert gas atmosphere, circulating cold medium non-contact refrigeration technology, and integrates surface deformation damage measurement components and three-dimensional strain measurement Components, microstructure measurement components, and internal damage detection components can realize high-precision high/low temperature environment loading of the tested sample in a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere, and a series-parallel hybrid static and dynamic mechanical load of multi-stage mechanical transmission Dynamic in-situ monitoring during composite loading and testing.
  • the load forms of this instrument are various, and various loads can be combined with each other, and the test function is very rich.
  • Parallel in-situ monitoring can be realized.
  • This device integrates surface deformation and damage measurement components, three-dimensional strain measurement components, microstructure measurement components, and internal damage detection components.
  • Four in-situ monitoring methods are used alone, two-by-two, and up to three can be used at the same time.
  • the microstructure evolution and fatigue failure mode of the tested sample are dynamically monitored in situ.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting frame module of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the installation platform of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of the installation platform of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-frequency fatigue loading module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the structure of the high-temperature connecting rod assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is an exploded view of the hydraulic cylinder assembly structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is an exploded view of the static and dynamic bending loading sub-module structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high/low temperature loading module of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a front view of the high temperature loading module of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a rear view of the high temperature loading module of the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the low-temperature loading module of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotating cart of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ monitoring module of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the high temperature loading principle of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature loading principle of the present invention.
  • Figures 20 and 21 are schematic diagrams of the principle of multi-load composite loading in a high/low temperature environment according to the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the principle of multi-parameter in-situ monitoring of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hourglass-type ultrasonic sample of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultrasonic bending sample of the present invention.
  • the in-situ testing instrument and method for mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature complex mechanical loads of the present invention consists of a supporting frame, high-frequency fatigue loading, static and dynamic mechanical loading, high/low temperature loading, and in-situ testing.
  • Monitoring and other modules constitute.
  • the support frame module is used to achieve stable support and effective vibration isolation for the various functional modules of the instrument;
  • the high-frequency fatigue loading module is used to achieve high-frequency fatigue loading of the tested sample, and static bending preload can be applied according to actual test needs.
  • the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module is used to realize the combined loading of static and dynamic tensile/compression/bending loads on the tested sample;
  • the high/low temperature loading module is used to realize the loading of the tested sample in a variable temperature environment from low temperature to high temperature;
  • the position monitoring module can integrate surface deformation and damage measurement components, three-dimensional strain measurement components, microstructure measurement components, and internal damage detection components according to actual test needs, thereby realizing the parallelism of the micromechanical behavior, deformation damage mode and performance evolution law of the tested sample Accurate in-situ measurement.
  • the invention is oriented to major national needs and provides a new technology and new method for material mechanical performance test analysis under complex and harsh working conditions. It has the advantages of complex load environment, rich test content, high measurement accuracy, etc., and is designed to solve high temperature and complex static and dynamic mechanical loads.
  • the test and analysis of mechanical properties of materials under the action provide an innovative technical means.
  • the in-situ testing instrument for mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature complex mechanical loads of the present invention includes a supporting frame module 1, a high-frequency fatigue loading module 2, a static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3, a high/low temperature loading module 4, and an in-situ monitoring module 5.
  • the support frame module 1 is isolated from vibration by a vibration isolation spring 10503, and is fixed to the ground by a foundation screw 10504, which is used to achieve firm support for the remaining functional modules and provide them with good vibration isolation treatment and precise installation and positioning.
  • the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2 is rigidly connected to the support plate 102 in the support frame module 1 through the motor support base 222, is matched with the guide rail assembly I 104 of the support frame module 1 through the slider assembly I 219, and is connected to the high temperature loading sub-module through the connecting flange 214
  • the 401 welded bellows I 40101 rigid connection is used to achieve high frequency fatigue loading on the tested sample 30108.
  • static bending preload can also be applied; the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3 is respectively fixed through the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202 ,
  • the intermediate connecting plate 30303 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 of the supporting frame module 1, and is respectively passed through the flanges of the high temperature connecting rod I, the high temperature connecting rod II, and the high temperature connecting rod III and the welding bellows II 40108 of the high temperature loading submodule 401.
  • the bellows IV 40115 and the welded bellows III 40114 are rigidly connected to realize the combined loading of static and dynamic tensile/compression/bending loads of the tested sample 30108; the high-temperature loading sub-module 401 of the high/low temperature loading module 4 passes the "L" type
  • the rail seat 40105 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 of the support frame module 1, the low temperature loading sub-module 402 of the high/low temperature loading module 4 is matched with the rail component III 40305 of the rotating cart 403 through the slider assembly III 40209, and the high temperature loading sub-module 401 and low temperature
  • the loading sub-modules 402 are switched to use each other to realize the loading of the tested sample 30108 in a variable temperature environment from low temperature to high temperature; the in-situ monitoring module 5 is arranged in front and behind the high-temperature loading sub-module 401, and is integrally fixed to the supporting frame module 1 On the installation platform 105, it is used to realize the dynamic in-situ
  • the supporting frame module 1 adopts a four-column structure as a whole to realize the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2, the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3, the high and low temperature loading module 4, and the in-situ Monitor the firm support of the module 5, and provide it with good vibration isolation treatment and precise installation and positioning; the support frame module 1 is fixed by the eye screw 101, the support plate 102, the rail seat 103, the rail component I 104, and the installation platform 105.
  • the fixing sleeve 106 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 by screws
  • the upper end of the column 107 is rigidly connected to the support plate 102 by a lock nut 110
  • the connecting block 109 is fixed on the column 107
  • the mounting frame 108 is rigidly connected to the connecting block 109 by screws
  • the guide rail seat 103 is rigidly connected with the mounting frame 108 by screws
  • the guide rail component I 104 is rigidly connected with the guide rail seat 103 by screws
  • the eyebolts 101 are fixed on the support plate 102
  • the mounting platform 105 is isolated from vibration by the vibration isolation spring 10503, and passes through the ground
  • the upper surface of the installation table 10502 is machined with mutually perpendicular "T" grooves, which can meet the precise movement and positioning of the remaining modules along the "T” grooves, and facilitate the later expansion and integration of other modules, which conforms to the overall modular design concept of the device
  • the lower surface of the mounting table 10502 is processed with mutually perpendicular reinforcing ribs to ensure that it has greater rigidity; the mounting table 10502 is processed with grooves in the middle for the installation and positioning of the static and dynamic bending loading sub-module 303.
  • the baffle 10501 is fixedly connected to the installation table 10502.
  • the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2 is arranged vertically above the instrument, and consists of a servo motor 201, a coupling 202, a screw support unit 203, a screw nut 204, a connecting plate 205, and a tension force.
  • the servo motor 201 is rigidly connected to the reducer 223 by screws to output stable driving torque; the housing of the reducer 223 is rigidly connected to the motor support base 222 by screws, and the output shaft of the reducer 223 is connected to the coupling 202 by a flat key , Used to achieve deceleration and increase torque; the lead screw 221 is connected to the coupling 202 through a flat key, and the end of the screw support unit 203 is fixed, the lead screw 221 and the lead screw nut 204 form a lead screw nut pair, with To convert the rotary motion output by the servo motor 201 into linear motion; the two ends of the connecting sleeve 220 are rigidly connected to the screw nut 204 and the connecting plate 205 through screws, and the two ends of the tension and pressure sensor I 206 are connected to the connecting plate 205 and the connecting plate 205 through screws.
  • the plate 207 is rigidly connected; the sliding block support seat 218 is rigidly connected to the mounting plate 207 and the sliding block assembly I219 by screws; the end of the force transmission rod 217 is rigidly connected to the mounting plate 207 by threads, and the other end is connected through the upper splint 216 and the lower splint 215 ,
  • the bolt 209 is rigidly connected with the shoulder of the ultrasonic connector I210.
  • the two ends of the ultrasonic connector I210 are rigidly connected with the ultrasonic transducer 208 and the ultrasonic connector II211 through double-ended studs, the connecting flange 214 is rigidly connected with the ultrasonic connector II211 through screws, and the two ends of the ultrasonic probe 213 are rigidly connected with the double-ended studs. They are respectively rigidly connected with the ultrasonic connector II211 and the ultrasonic bending indenter 212, and the above-mentioned parts are used to realize high-frequency fatigue loading of the tested sample 30108.
  • the motor support base 222 is rigidly connected to the support plate 102 of the support frame module 1 to realize the installation and positioning of the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2; the slider assembly I219 is matched with the guide rail assembly I104 of the support frame module 1 to achieve high-frequency fatigue Precise guidance in the loading direction of the loading module 2 and eliminate the influence of the lateral force generated during the test; the connection flange 214 is rigidly connected with the welded bellows I 40101 of the high temperature loading sub-module 401 to realize the sealing with the high-temperature loading sub-module 401;
  • the high-frequency loading module 2 is driven by the servo motor 201, and through the transmission of reducer 223, coupling 202, lead screw 221 and other parts, the power is finally transmitted to the ultrasonic bending indenter 212, which realizes the static bending of the tested sample 30108.
  • the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2 is driven by the ultrasonic transducer 208, and the amplitude is gradually amplified by the ultrasonic connector I210, the ultrasonic connector II211, and the ultrasonic probe 213, and finally transmitted to the ultrasonic bending indenter 212 to realize the test sample 30108 high frequency fatigue loading.
  • the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3 of the present invention is set on the installation platform 105, and includes a high temperature connecting rod assembly 301, a static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302, and a static and dynamic bending loading sub-module 303.
  • the high temperature connecting rod assembly 301 is used to ensure that the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3 can be used normally in a high temperature environment;
  • the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 is arranged horizontally, and the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202 is connected to the upper surface of the installation platform 105 Rigid connection is used to realize the static and dynamic tensile/compression load loading of the tested sample 30108;
  • the static and dynamic bending loading sub-module 303 is arranged vertically, and is rigidly connected to the lower surface of the installation platform 105 through the intermediate connecting plate 30303, which is used to realize the alignment
  • the static and dynamic bending load of the tested sample 30108 is loaded;
  • the high temperature connecting rod assembly 301 firmly clamps and the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 hydraulic forced fixture 3020108 through the ends of the high temperature connecting rod I 30101 and the high temperature connecting rod II 30106
  • the upper part is used to ensure that the static and dynamic mechanical load loading module 3 can be used normally
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 have the same structure, and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the tested sample 30108.
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 can act independently to perform static and dynamic tension on the single end of the tested sample 30108.
  • Compressive load loading it can also be synchronized action, static and dynamic tensile/compressive load loading on both ends of the tested sample 30108 simultaneously to ensure that the center of the tested sample 30108 gauge length section does not deviate during the loading process; static and dynamic bending loading
  • the sub-module 303 is arranged vertically below the instrument, and is rigidly connected to the lower surface of the mounting platform 105 through the intermediate connecting plate 30303.
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 of the compression loading sub-module 302 can work together to achieve up to the double-ended simultaneous static and dynamic tensile/compression load-bending load composite loading of the tested sample 30108 to ensure the tested sample 30108 gauge length
  • the center of the section does not shift during the composite load loading process, which is convenient for in-situ monitoring.
  • the high temperature connecting rod assembly 301 of the present invention consists of high temperature connecting rod I 30101, connecting piece I 30102, high temperature connecting piece I 30103, high temperature connecting piece II 30104, high temperature pad II 30105, high temperature connecting rod II 30106, connecting piece II 30107, and the tested sample 30108, high temperature pad I 30109 and other components, among which high temperature pad I 30109 and high temperature pad II 30105 are clearance fits with the mounting holes of high temperature connecting rod I 30101 and high temperature connecting rod II 30106.
  • the connecting piece I 30102 and connecting piece II 30107 are connected to the end of the tested sample 30108 through their internal threads.
  • the external thread of the upper part is matched with the mounting holes of the high temperature connecting rod I 30101 and the high temperature connecting rod II 30106 respectively.
  • the high temperature connecting piece I 30103 and the high temperature connecting piece II 30104 are respectively connected with the high temperature connecting rod I 30101 and the high temperature connecting rod II 30106 through their external threads.
  • the external thread of the lower part is fastened to prevent loosening during low-frequency fatigue loading.
  • the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302 of the present invention is composed of hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201, hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202, tie rod 30203, expansion sleeve assembly 30204, hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205, etc.
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 are arranged symmetrically in the horizontal direction, and the hydraulic cylinder flange I 3020114 is rigidly connected to the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202, and the hydraulic cylinder fixing plate 30202 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 through T-bolts, and through expansion
  • the tight sleeve assembly 30204 is rigidly connected with the four tie rods 30203 to form an enhanced force closed-loop structure, which greatly increases the stiffness of the static and dynamic tension/compression loading submodule 302; and the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 can follow the rods
  • the 30203 moves towards each other to realize the precise adjustment of the relative position between the two.
  • the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 consists of the accumulator assembly I 3020101, the valve plate assembly I 3020102, the piston rod I 3020103, the nut II 3020104, the nut III 3020105, the tension and pressure sensor II 3020106, the nut V 3020107, the hydraulic forced clamp 3020108, the nut VI 3020109, the double-ended stud 3020110, and the nut IV3020111, middle connecting rod I3020112, nut I3020113, hydraulic cylinder flange I3020114, hydraulic cylinder I3020115, etc.
  • the accumulator component I3020101 is installed on the valve plate component I3020102, and the valve plate component I3020102 is rigidly connected to the hydraulic cylinder I3020115 by screws; the piston rod
  • the external thread at the end of I3020103 fits with the internal thread at one end of the intermediate connecting rod I3020112, and is locked by nut I3020113 and nut II3020104 to prevent loosening;
  • the external thread at the other end of the intermediate connecting rod I3020112 matches with the internal thread at one end of the tension and pressure sensor II3020106 , And through the nut III 3020105, nut IV 3020111 to lock and prevent loosening;
  • the other end of the tension pressure sensor II 3020106 is rigidly connected with the hydraulic forced clamp 3020108 through the double-headed stud 3020110, and is locked and prevented from loosening through the nut V3020107 and nut VI 3020109.
  • the static and dynamic bending loading sub-module 303 of the present invention consists of accumulator assembly II 30301, hydraulic cylinder flange II 30302, intermediate connecting plate 30303, intermediate connecting rod II 30304, tension and pressure sensor III 30305, high temperature connecting rod III 30306, bending Indenter 30307, nut IX 30308, nut VIII 30309, nut VII 30310, piston rod II 30311, valve plate assembly II 30312, hydraulic cylinder II 30313, etc.
  • the accumulator assembly II 30301 is installed on the valve plate assembly II 30312, and the valve plate assembly II 30312 is connected to the hydraulic
  • the cylinder II 30313 is rigidly connected; the hydraulic cylinder II 30313 is rigidly connected to the intermediate connecting plate 30303 through the hydraulic cylinder flange II 30302; the external thread of the end of the piston rod II 30311 is matched with the internal thread of one end of the intermediate connecting rod II 30304, and is locked by a nut VII 30310.
  • the external thread at the other end of the middle connecting rod II 30304 is matched with the internal thread at one end of the tension pressure sensor III 30305, and is locked by nut VIII 30309 to prevent loosening;
  • the internal thread at the other end of the tension pressure sensor III 30305 and the external thread at one end of the high temperature connecting rod III 30306 Fit and lock and prevent loosening by nut IX30308;
  • the other end of the high temperature connecting rod III 30306 is rigidly connected with the bending indenter 30307 by a double-ended stud.
  • the high/low temperature loading module 4 of the present invention is used to construct a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere to realize the loading of the test sample 30108 from a low temperature to a high temperature environment.
  • the rotating cart 403 is used to support the high temperature loading submodule 401 or the low temperature loading submodule 402 to realize the switch between the two; the high temperature loading submodule 401 Rigidly connected with the mounting platform 105 of the support frame module 1 through the "L"-shaped rail seat, the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 cooperates with the rail assembly III 40305 of the rotating cart 403 through the slider assembly III 40209; the rotating cart 403 can pass four rollers 40302 The height and level of the rail assembly III 40305 can be adjusted by four adjusting screws 40303; the high-temperature loading sub-module 401 and the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 can be switched to each other through the rotating cart 403 to realize the alignment under vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.
  • the tested sample is loaded in a high-precision, wide-range high/low temperature environment of 30108-55°C ⁇ 1200
  • the high temperature loading sub-module 401 of the present invention is composed of a welded bellows I 40101, a vacuum pressure gauge 40102, a furnace support frame 40103, a heating furnace 40104, an "L" rail seat 40105, and a sliding Block assembly II 40106, cavity support frame I 40107, welded bellows II 40108, cavity door locker I 40109, vacuum chamber door I 40110, hinge I 40111, vacuum chamber I 40112, quartz observation window II 40113, welded bellows III 40114, welded bellows IV 40115, guide rail Components II 40116, cavity door handle I 40117, quartz observation window I 40118, infrared colorimeter I 40119, infrared colorimeter II 40120, etc.
  • the cavity support frame I 40107 and the vacuum chamber I 40112 are welded together, and the slider assembly II 40106 is connected to the cavity by screws
  • the support frame I 40107 is rigidly connected and matched with the guide rail assembly II 40116.
  • the guide rail assembly II 40116 is rigidly connected to the "L" rail seat 40105 by screws; welded bellows I 40101, welded bellows III 40114, welded bellows II 40108, and welded bellows IV 40115 by screws They are rigidly connected to the flanges on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the vacuum chamber I 40112;
  • the quartz observation window I 40118 is rigidly connected to the flange of the vacuum chamber door I 40110 through screws, and the quartz observation window II 40113 is connected to the rear outer wall of the vacuum chamber I 40112 through screws.
  • the flange is rigidly connected; the chamber door locker I 40109 is rigidly connected to the vacuum chamber I 40112 by screws to realize the locking of the vacuum chamber door I 40110; the chamber door handle I 40117 is rigidly connected to the vacuum chamber door I 40110 by screws, and the hinge I 40111 is connected to the vacuum chamber by screws
  • the door I 40110 and the vacuum chamber I 40112 are rigidly connected to realize the opening and closing of the vacuum chamber door I 40110;
  • the vacuum pressure gauge 40102 is installed on the vacuum chamber door I 40110 to monitor the air pressure in the vacuum chamber I 40112 in real time; the furnace body support frame 40103 is connected with each other by screws
  • the vacuum chamber door I 40110 and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber I 40112 are rigidly connected.
  • the heating furnace 40104 and the furnace body support frame 40103 are welded together; during the test, the temperature controller applies voltages of different sizes to the three sections of resistance wires in the heating furnace 40104 to generate heat ,
  • the test sample 30108 is loaded in a high temperature environment with different temperatures by means of thermal radiation; the infrared colorimeter I 40119 and the infrared colorimeter II 40120 are set at a certain angle in front of the vacuum chamber I 40112, and the tested sample is monitored in real time through the quartz observation window I 40118
  • the temperature of the 30108 gauge length section is averaged and fed back to the temperature controller to form a closed loop control.
  • the low-temperature loading sub-module 402 of the present invention is composed of a welded bellows V40201, a door locker II40202, a vacuum chamber door II 40203, a door handle II 40204, a hinge II 40205, a refrigeration chamber support seat 40206, and a refrigeration chamber.
  • the cavity support frame II 40210 and vacuum chamber II 40212 is welded together, the slider assembly III 40209 is rigidly connected with the cavity support frame II 40210 by screws; the cavity door locker II 40202 is rigidly connected with the vacuum chamber II 40212 by screws, which is used to lock the vacuum chamber door II 40203; the cavity door handle II 40204 It is rigidly connected with the vacuum chamber door II 40203 by screws, and the hinge II 40205 is rigidly connected with the vacuum chamber door II 40203 and the vacuum chamber II 40212 by screws to realize the opening and closing of the vacuum chamber door II 40203; welded bellows V40201, welded bellows VI40208, vacuum bellows
  • the tube assembly 40214 is rigidly connected to the vacuum chamber II 40212 by screws, and the gas spring assembly 40213 is rigidly connected to the welded bellows VI 40208 and the vacuum chamber II 40212 by screws; the quartz observation window III 40211 is rigidly connected to the vacuum chamber II 40212 by screws; the refrigerating chamber support seat 40206 It is rigidly connected to the inner wall
  • the rotating cart 403 of the present invention is composed of a rail seat 40301, a roller 40302, an adjusting screw 40303, a support frame 40304, a rail assembly III 40305, etc., wherein the rail seat 40301 is rigidly connected to the upper end of the support frame 40304 by screws.
  • the component III 40305 is rigidly connected to the rail seat 40301 by screws; the roller 40302 is rigidly connected to the lower end of the support frame 40304 by screws to realize the movement and rotation of the rotating cart 403; the adjustment screw 40303 is fixed on the lower end of the support frame 40304 by adjusting the adjustment screw
  • the 40303 can realize the adjustment of the height and level of the guide rail assembly III 40305, which is convenient for switching between the high-temperature loading sub-module 401 and the low-temperature loading sub-module 402.
  • the in-situ monitoring module 5 of the present invention includes a three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501, a surface deformation damage measurement component 502, a microstructure measurement component 503, an internal damage detection component 504, and a three-dimensional strain measurement
  • the component 505, in which the internal damage detection component 504 and the three-dimensional strain measurement component 505 are arranged in front of the high-temperature loading sub-module 401, are used to realize the global temperature information, internal damage information, and three-dimensional strain information of the 30108 gauge length of the tested sample.
  • the surface deformation and damage measurement component 502 and the microstructure measurement component 503 are set on the three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501 behind the high-temperature loading submodule 401.
  • the three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501 is rigidly connected to the mounting platform 105 by screws, which can pass through
  • the three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501 realizes the switching use of the surface deformation damage measurement component 502 and the microstructure measurement component 503, and the precise adjustment of the relative positions of the two along the axial and radial directions of the tested sample 30108, respectively.
  • the two in-situ monitoring methods can be used alone, in two-by-two combination, and can be used at most three at the same time to achieve dynamic in-situ monitoring of the 30108 microstructure evolution and fatigue failure mode of the tested sample.
  • F 1 is static tensile load
  • F 2 is static compression load
  • F 3 is low frequency tensile/compression load
  • F 4 , F 5 , F 7 , and F 8 are static bending
  • F 6 is the ultrasonic fatigue load
  • F 9 is the low-frequency bending load.
  • the in-situ testing method for mechanical properties of materials under high-temperature and complex mechanical loads of the present invention is characterized in that: when performing in-situ testing of mechanical properties of high-temperature and high-frequency materials, the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 Installation of the tested sample 30108: fit the thread of the clamping end of the tested sample 30108 with the internal threads of the connecting piece I 30102 and the connecting piece II 30107, and install the connecting piece I 30102 and the connecting piece II 30107 on the high temperature connecting rod I 30101 and high temperature connecting rod respectively. Tighten the high-temperature connector I30103 and the high-temperature connector II30104 in the mounting hole at the end of the rod II30106 to complete the installation of the tested sample 30108;
  • Step 2 Loading the high-temperature environment of the tested sample 30108:
  • the high-temperature loading of the tested sample 30108 is implemented by the high-temperature loading sub-module 401, which uses a mechanical pump (external device) to vacuum the vacuum chamber I 40112 or continuously communicates to the vacuum chamber I 40112.
  • a mechanical pump external device
  • the temperature controller applies voltages of different sizes to the three sections of resistance wire in the heating furnace 40104 to generate heat, and realizes the tested sample by means of thermal radiation 30108 is loaded in a high-temperature environment with different temperatures; infrared colorimeter I 40119 and infrared colorimeter II 40120 monitor the temperature of the 30108 gauge length of the tested sample in real time, and take the average value and feed it back to the temperature controller to form a closed loop control;
  • Step 3 The two-end synchronous loading of the tested sample 30108 static tension/compression load:
  • the two-end synchronous loading of the tested sample 30108 static tension/compression load is realized by the static and dynamic tension/compression loading sub-module 302, motion control
  • An external device controls the high-pressure hydraulic oil to drive the hydraulic cylinder assembly I 30201 and the piston rod I 3020103 of the hydraulic cylinder assembly II 30205 to move toward each other synchronously.
  • the transmission of the intermediate connecting assembly drives the hydraulic forcing fixture 3020108 to move toward each other synchronously, and finally drives the warm connecting rod assembly 301
  • the two ends move towards each other synchronously to realize the simultaneous loading of both ends of the 30108 static tensile/compressive load of the tested sample;
  • Step 4 Loading the static bending load of the tested sample 30108:
  • the static bending load of the tested sample 30108 is loaded by the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2.
  • the power output by the servo motor 201 is through the multi-stage deceleration of the reducer 223 and the lead screw 221. Conversion of screw nut 204 and connecting sleeve 220, connecting plate 205, tension and pressure sensor I 206, mounting plate 207, force transmission rod 217, upper splint 216, lower splint 215, ultrasonic connector I 210, ultrasonic connector II 211,
  • the transmission of the ultrasonic probe 213 finally transmits the power to the ultrasonic bending indenter 212 to realize the static bending preload of the tested sample 30108;
  • Step 5 Loading the ultrasonic fatigue load of the tested sample 30108:
  • the loading of the ultrasonic fatigue load of the tested sample 30108 is realized by the high-frequency fatigue loading module 2.
  • the weak amplitude output by the ultrasonic transducer 208 is passed through the ultrasonic connector I210 and the ultrasonic connector II211. Gradual amplification of the ultrasonic probe 213, and finally transferred to the ultrasonic bending indenter 212, realizing high-frequency fatigue loading on the tested sample 30108;
  • Step 6 Dynamic in-situ monitoring of the tested sample 30108:
  • the dynamic in-situ monitoring of the tested sample 30108 is implemented by the in-situ monitoring module 5.
  • the internal damage detection component 504 and the three-dimensional strain measurement component 505 are used to realize the monitoring of the tested sample 30108 Dynamic monitoring of the global temperature information, internal damage information, and three-dimensional strain information of the gauge length;
  • the three-degree-of-freedom motion platform 501 realizes the switching of the surface deformation damage measurement component 502 and the microstructure measurement component 503, as well as the two along the tested sample
  • the precise adjustment of the relative position of the 30108 in the axial and radial directions respectively realizes the real-time monitoring of the global surface deformation and damage information of the 30108 gauge length and the follow-up monitoring of the micro-area morphology of the 30108 gauge length.
  • the surface deformation damage measurement component 502 and the micro Four in-situ monitoring methods composed of tissue structure measurement component 503, internal damage detection component 504, and three-dimensional strain measurement component 505 can be used alone, in combination of two, and can be used at most three at the same time to achieve 30108 microstructure of the tested sample. Dynamic in-situ monitoring of structural evolution and fatigue failure modes.
  • the in-situ test instrument for material mechanical properties under high-temperature complex mechanical loads of the present invention can be combined with other forms of static and dynamic mechanical loads on the basis of tensile-compression preloading, and can construct a vacuum airtight environment and an inert gas atmosphere at the same time. Realize the loading of a variable temperature environment from low temperature to high temperature.
  • This device can achieve "high temperature (low temperature)-tension (compression)-tension (compression)-bending-low frequency fatigue” or "high temperature (low temperature)-tension (compression)-tension (compression)-bending-high "Frequency fatigue" high/low temperature complex load loading test, construct rich test conditions, obtain abundant mechanical performance parameters of tested materials, and simulate actual service conditions according to material test requirements in different fields.
  • F 1 is the tensile force
  • A is the cross-sectional area of the tested sample
  • ⁇ l is the elongation of the tested sample, and l is the original length of the tested sample.
  • F 2 is the compressive force
  • A is the cross-sectional area of the test piece
  • ⁇ l is the elongation of the tested sample, and l is the original length of the tested sample.
  • M is the maximum bending moment of the tested sample under three-point bending load:
  • F 7 is the bending force and L is the span of the tested sample
  • W is the bending section coefficient of the tested sample, where:
  • the tension side of the middle interface of the gauge length section of the tested sample is the dangerous point.
  • the calculation formula for the equivalent stress ⁇ r3 of the dangerous point is:
  • M 2 is the bending moment
  • W is the bending section coefficient
  • F 1 is the axial tensile force
  • A is the cross-sectional area of the gauge section of the tested sample
  • M is the torque
  • W P is the torsion section coefficient
  • ⁇ is the total strain
  • ⁇ e is the elastic strain
  • ⁇ p is the plastic strain
  • ⁇ ′ f is the fatigue strength coefficient
  • b is the fatigue strength index
  • ⁇ ′ f is the fatigue plastic coefficient
  • c is the fatigue plastic index
  • E is the fatigue strength index.
  • ⁇ a is the stress amplitude
  • b is the index of fatigue strength
  • R 0 is the arc radius of the transition section of the tested sample
  • R 1 is the center radius of the standard distance section of the tested sample
  • R 2 is the radius of the characteristic dimension section of the tested sample
  • E d is the dynamic elastic modulus of the tested sample, and ⁇ is the density of the tested sample;
  • the unit of C s is (MPa/ ⁇ m), and the ultrasonic fatigue test controls the stress in the tested sample by controlling the displacement A 0 of the end of the sample.
  • h is the thickness of the tested material sample
  • E and ⁇ are the elastic modulus and density of the tested material sample
  • f is the resonance frequency (20kHz).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法，该仪器的支撑框架模块（1）用于实现对仪器各功能模块的稳定支撑与有效隔振；高频疲劳加载模块（2）用于实现对被测试样（30108）的高频疲劳加载；静动态机械载荷加载模块（3）用于实现对被测试样（30108）的静动态拉伸/压缩/弯曲载荷的组合加载；高/低温加载模块（4）用于实现对被测试样（30108）由低温到高温的变温环境加载；原位监测模块（5）可根据实际测试需要集成表面变形损伤测量组件（502）、三维应变测量组件（505）、微观组织结构测量组件（503）以及内部损伤探测组件（504），进而实现对被测试样（30108）微观力学行为、变形损伤模式与性能演化规律的并行精准原位测量。具有载荷环境复杂、测试内容丰富、测量精度高的优点。

Description

高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法 技术领域
本发明涉及精密科学仪器领域，特别涉及一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断发展，航空航天、汽车制造和核工业等众多关键领域对高温、重载、高频载荷作用下材料力学性能保障能力的要求显著提高，先进的力学测试装置和力学测试技术已成为检验材料性能、开展工艺优化的关键。面向上述众多关键领域的材料测试需求，开展高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试，是评估其服役条件下的力学性能及服役安全性的保障。
面向上述重大需求，国内外陆续开展了相关测试技术及测试装置的研发。针对高温环境构建，德国、美国等学者相继研究了空气、惰性气体等氛围加热方法及辐照加热、环境仓加热技术，国外一些公司推出了高温加载装置；针对疲劳测试方面，日本、美国、中国相关学者提出了高温疲劳测试技术、力热耦合高频疲劳测试技术，国内外均研发出了高温疲劳测试装置；针对复合载荷加载测试，欧洲、日本、葡萄牙相继提出了拉伸预载荷下的疲劳试验技术、拉伸—扭转与力热耦合下镍基合金疲劳失效测试技术、拉伸—弯曲多轴疲劳测试技术，并开发了相关的试验装置；针对原位测试方面，美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室、麻省理工学院、英国剑桥大学、瑞士洛桑理工学院、浙江大学和吉林大学等单位，相继研发了扫描电镜和数字散斑等原位监测下的压痕、拉伸、弯曲等原位测试技术，美国、英国以及中国相关公司陆续推出了商业化原位测试仪器。
上述测试装置和测试技术各具特色，对材料力学性能的测试发挥了重要作用。但截至目前，国际上关于高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器及测试技术的研究鲜有报道。现有的测试仪器及测试技术难以满足航空航天、汽车制造和核工业等众多关键领域材料的测试需求，制约了材料性能的保障与质量严控。因此，面向国家重大需求，研发高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器并提出高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试方法至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法，弥补现有测试仪器及测试方法的不足。本发明基于电液伺服驱动技术、压电超声驱动技术、真空/惰性气体氛围下均布式电阻丝辐射加热技术、循环冷介质非接触式制冷技术，实现对被测试样在真空或惰性气体氛围下的高精度高/低温环境加载及多级机械传动的串并混联式静动态机械载荷复合加载，并集成表面变形损伤测量组件、三维应变测量组件、微观组织结构测量组件以及内部损伤探测组件，进而实现对被测试样微观力学行为、变形损伤模式与性能演化规律的并行精准原位测量。结合高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，提供了一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试方法，面向国家重大需求，为解决高温、复杂静动态机械载荷作用下接近实际工况的材料力学行为、变形损伤机制及其与复杂载荷作用和材料性能间相关性规律的科学问题提供一种革新性技术手段。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，包括支撑框架模块1、高频疲劳加载模块2、静动态机械载荷加载模块3、高/低温加载模块4、原位监测模块5，其中支撑框架模块1通过隔振弹簧10503隔绝振动，并通过地脚螺钉10504与地面固定，高频疲劳加载模块2通过电机支撑座222与支撑框架模块1中的支撑板102刚性连接，通过滑块组件Ⅰ219与支撑框架模块1的导轨组件Ⅰ104配合，通过连接法兰214与高温加载子模块401的焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101刚性连接，实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载，或者施加静态弯曲预载荷；静动态机械载荷加载模块3分别通过液压缸固定板30202、中间连接板30303与支撑框架模块1的安装平台105刚性连接，并分别通过高温连杆Ⅰ、高温连杆Ⅱ、高温连杆Ⅲ的法兰与高温加载子模块401的焊接波纹管Ⅱ40108、焊接波纹管Ⅳ40115、焊接波纹管Ⅲ40114刚性连接，实现对被测试样30108的静动态拉伸/压缩/弯曲载荷的组合加载；高/低温加载模块4的高温加载子模块401通过“L”型导轨座40105与安装平台105刚性连接，高/低温加载模块4的低温加载子模块402通过滑块组件Ⅲ40209与旋转推车403的导轨组件Ⅲ40305配合，高温加载子模块401和低温加载子模块402相互切换使用，用于实现对被测试样30108由低温到高温的变温环境加载；原位监测模块5设置在高温加载子模块401的前方及后方，并整体固定在安装平台105上，实现对被测试样30108微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式的动态原位监测。
所述的支撑框架模块1整体采用四立柱式结构，实现对高频疲劳加载模块2、静动态机械载荷加载模块3、高低温加载模块4、原位监测模块5的牢固支撑；所述支撑框架模块1 的具体结构是：安装台面10502上表面加工有相互垂直的“T”型槽，安装台面10502下表面加工有相互垂直的加强肋，安装台面10502中间加工有凹槽，用于静动态弯曲加载子模块303的安装定位。
所述的高频疲劳加载模块2竖直布置于仪器的上方，通过电机支撑座222与支撑框架模块1的支撑板102刚性连接，实现高频疲劳加载模块2的安装定位；通过滑块组件Ⅰ219与支撑框架模块1的导轨组件Ⅰ104配合，实现高频疲劳加载模块2加载方向上的精密导向并消除试验过程中产生的侧向力影响；通过连接法兰214与高温加载子模块401的焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101刚性连接，实现与高温加载子模块401的密封；高频加载模块2由伺服电机201驱动，通过减速器223、联轴器202、丝杠221的传递，最终将动力传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现对被测试样30108的静态弯曲预加载；高频疲劳加载模块2由超声换能器208驱动，振幅经超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声探头213的逐级放大，最终传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载。
所述的静动态机械载荷加载模块3设置在安装平台105上，包括高温连杆组件301、静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302、静动态弯曲加载子模块303，其中高温连杆组件301保证静动态机械载荷加载模块3能在高温环境下正常使用；静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302水平布置，液压缸组件Ⅰ30201与液压缸组件Ⅱ30205结构完全相同，且相对于被测试样30108对称布置，试验时液压缸组件Ⅰ30201与液压缸组件Ⅱ30205可单独动作，对被测试样30108单端进行静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载，也可同步动作，对被测试样30108双端同步进行静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载，保证被测试样30108标距段中心在加载过程中不发生偏移；静动态弯曲加载子模块303竖直布置与仪器的下方，通过中间连接板30303与安装平台105下表面刚性连接，可单独动作，实现对被测试样30108的静动态弯曲载荷加载，也可与静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302的液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205协同动作，实现对被测试样30108的双端同步静动态拉伸/压缩载荷—弯曲载荷复合加载，保证被测试样30108标距段中心在复合载荷加载过程中不发生偏移。
所述的高/低温加载模块4包括高温加载子模块401、低温加载子模块402、旋转推车403，高温加载子模块401通过“L”型导轨座40105与支撑框架模块1的安装平台105刚性连接，低温加载子模块402通过滑块组件Ⅲ40209与旋转推车403的导轨组件Ⅲ40305配合；旋转推车403通过四个滚轮40302移动，通过四个调节螺钉40303调节导轨组件Ⅲ40305的高度与水平度；高温加载子模块401与低温加载子模块402通过旋转推车403相互切换使用。
所述的原位监测模块5包括三自由度运动平台501、表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503、内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505，其中内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505设置在高温加载子模块401的前方，分别实现对被测试样30108标距段全局的温度信息、内部损伤信息、三维应变信息的动态监测；表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503设置在高温加载子模块401后方的三自由度运动平台501上，三自由度运动平台501通过螺钉与安装平台105刚性连接，通过三自由度运动平台501实现表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503的切换使用以及二者沿被测试样30108轴向、径向相对位置的精密调整，分别实现对被测试样30108标距段全局表面变形损伤信息实时监测、标距段微区形貌随动监测；由表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503、内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505构成的四种原位监测手段可单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，实现对被测试样30108微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
所述的高频加载模块2竖直布置，静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302水平布置，二者在空间上相互垂直；在试验时，高频加载模块2单独动作，实现对被测试样30108的静态弯曲预加载及高频疲劳加载；高频加载模块2与静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302协同动作，实现对被测试样30108的静态拉伸—弯曲复合加载下的高频疲劳加载。
所述的液压缸固定板30202通过T型螺栓与安装平台105刚性连接，并通过胀紧套组件30204与四根拉杆30203刚性连接，形成加强式力闭环结构，大大增加了静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302的刚度；并且，液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205沿着拉杆30203相向移动，实现二者间相对位置的精确调整。
所述的高温加载子模块401的真空腔Ⅰ40112腔体的上、下、左、右侧分别安装有焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101、焊接波纹管Ⅲ40114、焊接波纹管Ⅱ40108、焊接波纹管Ⅳ40115，并且分别与连接法兰214、高温连杆Ⅰ30101、高温连杆Ⅱ30106、高温连杆Ⅲ30306上的法兰刚性连接，实现试验过程中的运动密封；真空腔Ⅰ40112腔体的前、后侧分别设置有石英观测窗Ⅰ40118、石英观测窗Ⅱ40113，用于保证原位监测模块5对被测试样30108顺利进行动态原位监测。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、被测试样30108的安装：将被测试样30108夹持端的螺纹与连接件Ⅰ30102、连接件Ⅱ30107的内螺纹配合，将连接件Ⅰ30102、连接件Ⅱ30107分别安装在高温连杆Ⅰ30101、 高温连杆Ⅱ30106端部的安装孔内，拧紧高温连接件Ⅰ30103、高温连接件Ⅱ30104，完成被测试样30108的安装；
步骤二、被测试样30108高温环境的加载：被测试样30108高温环境的加载由高温加载子模块401来实现，利用机械泵对真空腔Ⅰ40112抽真空或向真空腔Ⅰ40112内持续通入惰性气体构建惰性气体氛围；温度控制器向加热炉40104内的三段电阻丝通入大小不同的电压使其发热，通过热辐射的方式实现被测试样30108不同温度的高温环境加载；红外比色计Ⅰ40119、红外比色计Ⅱ40120实时监测被测试样30108标距段的温度，取平均值后反馈至温度控制器，形成闭环控制；
步骤三、被测试样30108静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载：被测试样30108静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载由静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302来实现，运动控制器控制高压液压油驱动液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205的活塞杆Ⅰ3020103同步相向运动，经中间连接组件的传递，带动液压强迫夹具3020108同步相向运动，最终带动温连杆组件301两端同步相向运动，实现被测试样30108静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载；
步骤四、被测试样30108静态弯曲载荷的加载：被测试样30108静态弯曲载荷的加载由高频疲劳加载模块2来实现，伺服电机201输出的动力，通过减速器223的多级减速和丝杠221、丝杠螺母204的转化以及连接套筒220、连接板205、拉压力传感器Ⅰ206、安装板207、传力杆217、上夹板216、下夹板215、超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声探头213的传递，最终将动力传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现被测试样30108的静态弯曲预加载；
步骤五、被测试样30108超声疲劳载荷的加载：被测试样30108超声疲劳载荷的加载由高频疲劳加载模块2来实现，超声换能器208输出的微弱振幅经超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声探头213的逐级放大，最终传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载；
步骤六、被测试样30108的动态原位监测：被测试样30108的动态原位监测由原位监测模块5来实现，内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505实现对被测试样30108标距段全局的温度信息、内部损伤信息、三维应变信息的动态监测；通过三自由度运动平台501实现表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503的切换使用以及二者沿被测试样30108轴向、径向相对位置的精密调整，分别实现对被测试样30108标距段全局表面变形损伤信息实时监测、标距段微区形貌随动监测；由表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503、内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505构成的四种原位监测 手段单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，实现对被测试样30108微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、采用模块化设计思路。本仪器由支撑框架、高频疲劳加载、静动态机械载荷加载、高/低温加载、原位监测等模块构成，其中静动态机械载荷加载模块主要包含静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块、静动态弯曲加载子模块，高/低温加载模块主要包含高温加载子模块、低温加载子模块，原位监测模块主要包含表面变形损伤测量组件、微观组织结构测量组件、内部损伤探测组件、三维应变测量组件。装置整体高度模块化、标准化，便于维护保养。
2、可构建真空或惰性气体氛围。本装置的高温加载子模块、低温加载子模块均设置有真空腔，可向真空腔内持续通入惰性气体排除空气(氧气)，或利用机械泵(外部装置)抽取真空腔内的空气(氧气)，构建惰性气体氛围或真空密闭环境，有效防止被测试样表面的氧化。
3、温度环境加载范围广。本装置同时集成高温加载子模块及低温加载子模块，二者可相互切换使用，能够实现对被测试样-55℃～1200℃的高精度、大范围高/低温环境加载。
4、可模拟材料实际服役工况。本装置集成高频疲劳加载模块、静动态机械载荷加载模块、高/低温加载模块，可构建高温环境，并对被测试样进行静态拉伸—弯曲复合载荷下的高频疲劳加载，真实模拟航空航天、汽车制造和核工业等众多关键领域材料的材料实际服役工况。
5、测试功能丰富。本装置采用电液伺服驱动技术、压电超声驱动技术、真空/惰性气体氛围下均布式电阻丝辐射加热技术、循环冷介质非接触式制冷技术，并集成表面变形损伤测量组件、三维应变测量组件、微观组织结构测量组件以及内部损伤探测组件，能够实现实现对被测试样在真空或惰性气体氛围下的高精度高/低温环境加载、多级机械传动的串并混联式静动态机械载荷复合加载及试验过程中的动态原位监测。本仪器的载荷形式多样，且各种载荷间可以相互组合，测试功能十分丰富。
6、可实现并行原位监测。本装置集成表面变形损伤测量组件、三维应变测量组件、微观组织结构测量组件以及内部损伤探测组件，四种原位监测手段单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，用于实现对被测试样微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明的整体外观结构示意图；
图2为本发明的支撑框架模块结构示意图；
图3为本发明的安装平台的主视图；
图4为本发明的安装平台仰视图；
图5为本发明的高频疲劳加载模块结构示意图；
图6为本发明的静动态机械载荷加载模块结构示意图；
图7为本发明的高温连杆组件结构分解图；
图8为本发明的静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块结构示意图；
图9为本发明的液压缸组件结构分解图；
图10为本发明的静动态弯曲加载子模块结构分解图；
图11为本发明的高/低温加载模块结构示意图；
图12为本发明的高温加载模块主视图；
图13为本发明的高温加载模块后视图；
图14为本发明的红外测温组件结构示意图；
图15为本发明的低温加载模块结构示意图；
图16为本发明的旋转推车结构示意图；
图17为本发明的原位监测模块结构示意图；
图18为本发明的高温加载原理示意图；
图19为本发明的低温加载原理示意图；
图20、图21为本发明的高/低温环境下多载荷复合加载原理示意图；
图22为本发明的多参量原位监测原理示意图；
图23为本发明的沙漏型超声试样结构示意图；
图24为本发明的超声弯曲试样的结构示意图。
图中：1、整体框架模块；2、高频疲劳加载魔块；3、静动态机械载荷加载模块；4、高/低 温加载模块；5、原位监测模块；101、吊环螺钉；102、支撑板；103、导轨座Ⅰ；104、导轨组件Ⅰ；105、安装平台；106、固定套筒；107、立柱；108、安装架；109、连接块；110、锁紧螺母；10501、挡板；10502、安装台面；10503、隔振弹簧；10504、地脚螺钉；201、伺服电机；202、联轴器；203、丝杠支撑单元；204、丝杠螺母；205、连接板；206、拉压力传感器Ⅰ；207、安装板；208、超声换能器；209、螺栓；210、超声连接器Ⅰ；211、超声连接器Ⅱ；212、超声弯曲压头；213、超声探头；214、连接法兰；215、下夹板；216、上夹板；217、传力杆；218、滑块支撑座；219、滑块组件Ⅰ；220、连接套筒；221、丝杠；222、电机支撑座；223、减速器；301、高温连杆组件；302、静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块；303、静动态弯曲加载子模块；30101、高温连杆Ⅰ；30102、连接件Ⅰ；30103、高温连接件Ⅰ；30104、高温连接件Ⅱ；30105、高温垫Ⅱ；30106、高温连杆Ⅱ；30107、连接件Ⅱ；30108、被测试样；30109、高温垫Ⅰ；30201、液压缸组件Ⅰ；30202、液压缸固定板；30203、拉杆；30204、胀紧套组件；30205、液压缸组件Ⅱ；3020101、蓄能器组件Ⅰ；3020102、阀板组件Ⅰ；3020103、活塞杆Ⅰ；3020104、螺母Ⅱ；3020105、螺母Ⅲ；3020106、拉压力传感器Ⅱ；3020107、螺母Ⅴ；3020108、液压强迫夹具；3020109、螺母Ⅵ；3020110、双头螺柱；3020111、螺母Ⅳ；3020112、中间连接杆Ⅰ；3020113、螺母Ⅰ；3020114、液压缸法兰Ⅰ；3020115、液压缸Ⅰ；30301、蓄能器组件Ⅱ；30302、液压缸法兰Ⅱ；30303、中间连接板；30304、中间连接杆Ⅱ；30305、拉压力传感器Ⅲ；30306、高温连杆Ⅲ；30307、弯曲压头；30308、螺母Ⅸ；30309、螺母Ⅷ；30310、螺母Ⅶ；30311、活塞杆Ⅱ；30312、阀板组件Ⅱ；30313、液压缸Ⅱ；401、高温加载子模块；402、低温加载子模块；403、旋转推车；40101、焊接波纹管Ⅰ；40102、真空压力表；40103、炉体支撑架；40104、加热炉；40105、“L”型导轨座；40106、滑块组件Ⅱ；40107、腔体支撑架Ⅰ；40108、焊接波纹管Ⅱ；40109、腔门锁紧器Ⅰ；40110、真空腔门Ⅰ；40111、铰链Ⅰ；40112、真空腔Ⅰ；40113、石英观测窗Ⅱ；40114、焊接波纹管Ⅲ；40115、焊接波纹管Ⅳ；40116、导轨组件Ⅱ；40117、腔门把手Ⅰ；40118、石英观测窗Ⅰ；40119、红外比色计Ⅰ；40120、红外比色计Ⅱ；40201、焊接波纹管Ⅴ；40202、腔门锁紧器Ⅱ；40203、真空腔门Ⅱ；40204、腔门把手Ⅱ；40205、铰链Ⅱ；40206、制冷腔支撑座；40207、制冷腔；40208、焊接波纹管Ⅵ；40209、滑块组件Ⅲ；40210、腔体支撑架Ⅱ；40211、石英观测窗Ⅲ；40212、真空腔Ⅱ；40213、气体弹簧组件；40214、真空波纹管组件；40301、导轨座Ⅱ；40302、滚轮；40303、调节螺钉；40304、支撑架；40305、导轨组件Ⅲ；501、三自由度运动平台；502、表面变形损伤测量组件；503、微观组织结构测量组件；504、内部损伤探测组件；505、三维应变测 量组件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的详细内容及其具体实施方式。
参见图1至图24所示，本发明的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法，仪器由支撑框架、高频疲劳加载、静动态机械载荷加载、高/低温加载、原位监测等模块构成。其中：支撑框架模块用于实现对仪器各功能模块的稳定支撑与有效隔振；高频疲劳加载模块用于实现对被测试样的高频疲劳加载，根据实际测试需要还可施加静态弯曲预载荷；静动态机械载荷加载模块用于实现对被测试样的静动态拉伸/压缩/弯曲载荷的组合加载；高/低温加载模块用于实现对被测试样由低温到高温的变温环境加载；原位监测模块可根据实际测试需要集成表面变形损伤测量组件、三维应变测量组件、微观组织结构测量组件以及内部损伤探测组件，进而实现对被测试样微观力学行为、变形损伤模式与性能演化规律的并行精准原位测量。本发明面向国家重大需求，为复杂苛刻工况下材料力学性能测试分析提供了一种新技术新方法，具有载荷环境复杂、测试内容丰富、测量精度高等优点，为解决高温、复杂静动态机械载荷作用下材料力学性能测试分析提供一种革新性技术手段。
本发明的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，包括支撑框架模块1、高频疲劳加载模块2、静动态机械载荷加载模块3、高/低温加载模块4、原位监测模块5，其中支撑框架模块1通过隔振弹簧10503隔绝振动，并通过地脚螺钉10504与地面固定，用于实现对其余各功能模块的牢固支撑，并为其提供良好的隔振处理和精确的安装定位。高频疲劳加载模块2通过电机支撑座222与支撑框架模块1中的支撑板102刚性连接，通过滑块组件Ⅰ219与支撑框架模块1的导轨组件Ⅰ104配合，通过连接法兰214与高温加载子模块401的焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101刚性连接，用于实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载，根据实际测试需要还可或者施加静态弯曲预载荷；静动态机械载荷加载模块3分别通过液压缸固定板30202、中间连接板30303与支撑框架模块1的安装平台105刚性连接，并分别通过高温连杆Ⅰ、高温连杆Ⅱ、高温连杆Ⅲ的法兰与高温加载子模块401的焊接波纹管Ⅱ40108、焊接波纹管Ⅳ40115、焊接波纹管Ⅲ40114刚性连接，用于实现对被测试样30108的静动态拉伸/压缩/弯曲载荷的组合加载；高/低温加载模块4的高温加载子模块401通过“L”型导轨座40105与支撑框架模块1的安装平台105刚性连接，高/低温加载模块4的低温加载子模块402通过滑块组件Ⅲ40209与旋转推车403的导轨组件Ⅲ40305配合，高温加载子模块401和低温加载子模块402相互切换使用，用于实现对被测试样30108由低温到高温的变温环境加载；原位监 测模块5设置在高温加载子模块401的前方及后方，并整体固定在支撑框架模块1的安装平台105上，用于实现对被测试样30108微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式的动态原位监测。
参见图2至图4所示，所述的支撑框架模块1整体采用四立柱式结构，用于实现对高频疲劳加载模块2、静动态机械载荷加载模块3、高低温加载模块4、原位监测模块5的牢固支撑，并为其提供良好的隔振处理和精确的安装定位；所述支撑框架模块1由吊环螺钉101、支撑板102、导轨座103、导轨组件Ⅰ104、安装平台105、固定套筒106、立柱107、安装架108、连接块109、锁紧螺母110、挡板10501、安装台面10502、隔振弹簧10503、地脚螺钉10504等组成，其中立柱107下端与固定套筒106过盈配合，固定套筒106通过螺钉与安装平台105刚性连接，立柱107上端通过锁紧螺母110与支撑板102刚性连接；连接块109固定在立柱107上，安装架108通过螺钉与连接块109刚性连接，导轨座103通过螺钉与安装架108刚性连接，导轨组件Ⅰ104通过螺钉与导轨座103刚性连接；吊环螺钉101固定在支撑板102上；安装平台105通过隔振弹簧10503隔绝振动，并通过地脚螺钉10504与地面固定，用于实现对其余各模块的牢固支撑，并为其提供良好的隔振处理和精确的安装定位。所述安装台面10502上表面加工有相互垂直的“T”型槽，能够满足其余各模块沿“T”型槽精密移动、定位，且便于后期拓展集成其余模块，契合装置整体的模块化设计思想；安装台面10502下表面加工有相互垂直的加强肋，以保证其具有较大的刚度；安装台面10502中间加工有凹槽，用于静动态弯曲加载子模块303的安装定位。挡板10501与安装台面10502固定连接。
参见图5所示，所述的高频疲劳加载模块2竖直布置于仪器的上方，由伺服电机201、联轴器202、丝杠支撑单元203、丝杠螺母204、连接板205、拉压力传感器Ⅰ206、安装板207、超声换能器208、螺栓209、超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声弯曲压头212、超声探头213、连接法兰214、下夹板215、上夹板216、传力杆217、滑块支撑座218、滑块组件Ⅰ219、连接套筒220、丝杠221、电机支撑座222、减速器223等组成。其中伺服电机201通过螺钉与减速器223刚性连接，用于输出稳定的驱动扭矩；减速器223外壳通过螺钉与电机支撑座222刚性连接，减速器223的输出轴通过平键与联轴器202连接，用于实现减速增扭；丝杠221通过平键与联轴器202连接，并通过丝杠支撑单元203实现其端部的固定，丝杠221与丝杠螺母204组成丝杠螺母副，用于将伺服电机201输出的旋转运动转化为直线运动；连接套筒220两端通过螺钉分别与丝杠螺母204、连接板205刚性连接，拉压力传感器Ⅰ206两端通过螺钉分别与连接板205、安装板207刚性连接；滑块支撑座218通过螺钉分别 与安装板207、滑块组件Ⅰ219刚性连接；传力杆217端部通过螺纹与安装板207刚性连接，另一端通过上夹板216、下夹板215、螺栓209与超声连接器Ⅰ210的轴肩刚性连接，上述零件用于实现对被测试样30108的静态弯曲预加载。超声连接器Ⅰ210两端通过双头螺柱分别与超声换能器208、超声连接器Ⅱ211刚性连接，连接法兰214通过螺钉与超声连接器Ⅱ211刚性连接，超声探头213两端通过双头螺柱分别与超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声弯曲压头212刚性连接，上述零件用于实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载。
通过电机支撑座222与支撑框架模块1的支撑板102刚性连接，实现高频疲劳加载模块2的安装定位；通过滑块组件Ⅰ219与支撑框架模块1的导轨组件Ⅰ104配合，用于实现高频疲劳加载模块2加载方向上的精密导向并消除试验过程中产生的侧向力影响；通过连接法兰214与高温加载子模块401的焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101刚性连接，实现与高温加载子模块401的密封；高频加载模块2由伺服电机201驱动，通过减速器223、联轴器202、丝杠221等零件的传递，最终将动力传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现对被测试样30108的静态弯曲预加载；高频疲劳加载模块2由超声换能器208驱动，振幅经超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声探头213的逐级放大，最终传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载。
参见图6所示，本发明所述的静动态机械载荷加载模块3设置在安装平台105上，包括高温连杆组件301、静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302、静动态弯曲加载子模块303，其中高温连杆组件301用于保证静动态机械载荷加载模块3能在高温环境下正常使用；静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302水平布置，通过液压缸固定板30202与安装平台105上表面刚性连接，用于实现对被测试样30108的静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载；静动态弯曲加载子模块303竖直布置，通过中间连接板30303与安装平台105下表面刚性连接，用于实现对被测试样30108的静动态弯曲载荷加载；高温连杆组件301通过其高温连杆Ⅰ30101、高温连杆Ⅱ30106的端部整体牢固夹持与静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302的液压强迫夹具3020108上，用于保证静动态机械载荷加载模块3能在高温环境下正常使用。
液压缸组件Ⅰ30201与液压缸组件Ⅱ30205结构完全相同，且相对于被测试样30108对称布置，试验时液压缸组件Ⅰ30201与液压缸组件Ⅱ30205可单独动作，对被测试样30108单端进行静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载，也可同步动作，对被测试样30108双端同步进行静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载，保证被测试样30108标距段中心在加载过程中不发生偏移；静动态弯曲加载子模块303竖直布置与仪器的下方，通过中间连接板30303与安装平台105下表面刚性 连接，可单独动作，实现对被测试样30108的静动态弯曲载荷加载，也可与静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302的液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205协同动作，最多可实现对被测试样30108的双端同步静动态拉伸/压缩载荷—弯曲载荷复合加载，保证被测试样30108标距段中心在复合载荷加载过程中不发生偏移，便于进行原位监测。
参见图7所示，本发明的高温连杆组件301由高温连杆Ⅰ30101、连接件Ⅰ30102、高温连接件Ⅰ30103、高温连接件Ⅱ30104、高温垫Ⅱ30105、高温连杆Ⅱ30106、连接件Ⅱ30107、被测试样30108、高温垫Ⅰ30109等组成，其中高温垫Ⅰ30109、高温垫Ⅱ30105分别与高温连杆Ⅰ30101、高温连杆Ⅱ30106的安装孔间隙配合，连接件Ⅰ30102、连接件Ⅱ30107通过其内螺纹与被测试样30108端部的外螺纹配合，并分别与高温连杆Ⅰ30101、高温连杆Ⅱ30106的安装孔过盈配合，高温连接件Ⅰ30103、高温连接件Ⅱ30104分别通过其外螺纹与高温连杆Ⅰ30101、高温连杆Ⅱ30106端部的外螺纹紧固，实现低频疲劳加载过程中的防松。
参见图8、图9所示，本发明的静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302由液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸固定板30202、拉杆30203、胀紧套组件30204、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205等组成，液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205在水平方向对称布置，通过其液压缸法兰Ⅰ3020114与液压缸固定板30202刚性连接，液压缸固定板30202通过T型螺栓与安装平台105刚性连接，并通过胀紧套组件30204与四根拉杆30203刚性连接，形成加强式力闭环结构，大大增加了静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302的刚度；并且，液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205可以沿着拉杆30203相向移动，实现二者间相对位置的精确调整。
其中液压缸组件Ⅰ30201由蓄能器组件Ⅰ3020101、阀板组件Ⅰ3020102、活塞杆Ⅰ3020103、螺母Ⅱ3020104、螺母Ⅲ3020105、拉压力传感器Ⅱ3020106、螺母Ⅴ3020107、液压强迫夹具3020108、螺母Ⅵ3020109、双头螺柱3020110、螺母Ⅳ3020111、中间连接杆Ⅰ3020112、螺母Ⅰ3020113、液压缸法兰Ⅰ3020114、液压缸Ⅰ3020115等组成，蓄能器组件Ⅰ3020101安装在阀板组件Ⅰ3020102上，阀板组件Ⅰ3020102通过螺钉与液压缸Ⅰ3020115刚性连接；活塞杆Ⅰ3020103端部的外螺纹与中间连接杆Ⅰ3020112的一端的内螺纹配合，并通过螺母Ⅰ3020113、螺母Ⅱ3020104锁紧、防松；中间连接杆Ⅰ3020112另一端的外螺纹与拉压力传感器Ⅱ3020106一端的内螺纹配合，并通过螺母Ⅲ3020105、螺母Ⅳ3020111锁紧、防松；拉压力传感器Ⅱ3020106的另一端通过双头螺柱3020110与液压强迫夹具3020108刚性连接，并通过螺母Ⅴ3020107、螺母Ⅵ3020109锁紧、防松。
参见图10所示，本发明的静动态弯曲加载子模块303由蓄能器组件Ⅱ30301、液压缸法 兰Ⅱ30302、中间连接板30303、中间连接杆Ⅱ30304、拉压力传感器Ⅲ30305、高温连杆Ⅲ30306、弯曲压头30307、螺母Ⅸ30308、螺母Ⅷ30309、螺母Ⅶ30310、活塞杆Ⅱ30311、阀板组件Ⅱ30312、液压缸Ⅱ30313等组成，其中蓄能器组件Ⅱ30301安装在阀板组件Ⅱ30312上，阀板组件Ⅱ30312通过螺钉与液压缸Ⅱ30313刚性连接；液压缸Ⅱ30313通过液压缸法兰Ⅱ30302与中间连接板30303刚性连接；活塞杆Ⅱ30311端部的外螺纹与中间连接杆Ⅱ30304的一端的内螺纹配合，并通过螺母Ⅶ30310锁紧、防松；中间连接杆Ⅱ30304另一端的外螺纹与拉压力传感器Ⅲ30305一端的内螺纹配合，并通过螺母Ⅷ30309锁紧、防松；拉压力传感器Ⅲ30305另一端的内螺纹与高温连杆Ⅲ30306一端的外螺纹配合，并通过螺母Ⅸ30308锁紧、防松；高温连杆Ⅲ30306的另一端通过双头螺柱与弯曲压头30307刚性连接。
参见图11所示，本发明的高/低温加载模块4用于构建真空或惰性气体氛围，实现对被测试样30108由低温到高温的变温环境加载，由高温加载子模块401、低温加载子模块402、旋转推车403等组成，其中高温加载子模块401用于实现在真空或惰性气体氛围下对被测试样30108室温～1200℃的高温环境加载；低温加载子模块402用于实现在真空或惰性气体氛围下对被测试样30108室温～-55℃的低温环境加载；旋转推车403用于支撑高温加载子模块401或低温加载子模块402，实现二者间的切换；高温加载子模块401通过“L”型导轨座与支撑框架模块1的安装平台105刚性连接，低温加载子模块402通过滑块组件Ⅲ40209与旋转推车403的导轨组件Ⅲ40305配合；旋转推车403可通过四个滚轮40302移动，并可通过四个调节螺钉40303调节导轨组件Ⅲ40305的高度与水平度；高温加载子模块401与低温加载子模块402可通过旋转推车403相互切换使用，实现在真空或惰性气体氛围下对被测试样30108-55℃～1200℃的高精度、大范围高/低温环境加载。
参见图12至图14及图18所示，本发明的高温加载子模块401由焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101、真空压力表40102、炉体支撑架40103、加热炉40104、“L”型导轨座40105、滑块组件Ⅱ40106、腔体支撑架Ⅰ40107、焊接波纹管Ⅱ40108、腔门锁紧器Ⅰ40109、真空腔门Ⅰ40110、铰链Ⅰ40111、真空腔Ⅰ40112、石英观测窗Ⅱ40113、焊接波纹管Ⅲ40114、焊接波纹管Ⅳ40115、导轨组件Ⅱ40116、腔门把手Ⅰ40117、石英观测窗Ⅰ40118、红外比色计Ⅰ40119、红外比色计Ⅱ40120等组成，其中腔体支撑架Ⅰ40107与真空腔Ⅰ40112焊接在一起，滑块组件Ⅱ40106通过螺钉与腔体支撑架Ⅰ40107刚性连接，并与导轨组件Ⅱ40116配合，导轨组件Ⅱ40116通过螺钉与“L”型导轨座40105刚性连接；焊接波纹管Ⅰ40101、焊接波纹管Ⅲ40114、焊接波纹管Ⅱ40108、焊接波纹管Ⅳ40115通过螺钉分别与真空腔Ⅰ40112上、下、左、右侧的法兰刚性连接；石英观测 窗Ⅰ40118通过螺钉与真空腔门Ⅰ40110的法兰刚性连接，石英观测窗Ⅱ40113通过螺钉与真空腔Ⅰ40112后侧外壁的法兰刚性连接；腔门锁紧器Ⅰ40109通过螺钉与真空腔Ⅰ40112刚性连接，实现真空腔门Ⅰ40110的锁紧；腔门把手Ⅰ40117通过螺钉与真空腔门Ⅰ40110刚性连接，铰链Ⅰ40111通过螺钉与真空腔门Ⅰ40110、真空腔Ⅰ40112刚性连接，实现真空腔门Ⅰ40110的开合；真空压力表40102安装在真空腔门Ⅰ40110上，用于实时监测真空腔Ⅰ40112内的气压；炉体支撑架40103通过螺钉分别与真空腔门Ⅰ40110、真空腔Ⅰ40112内壁刚性连接，加热炉40104与炉体支撑架40103焊接在一起；试验时，温度控制器向加热炉40104内的三段电阻丝通入大小不同的电压使其发热，通过热辐射的方式实现被测试样30108不同温度的高温环境加载；红外比色计Ⅰ40119、红外比色计Ⅱ40120呈一定角度设置在真空腔Ⅰ40112前方，透过石英观测窗Ⅰ40118实时监测被测试样30108标距段的温度，取平均值后反馈至温度控制器，形成闭环控制。
参见图15、图19所示，本发明的低温加载子模块402由焊接波纹管Ⅴ40201、腔门锁紧器Ⅱ40202、真空腔门Ⅱ40203、腔门把手Ⅱ40204、铰链Ⅱ40205、制冷腔支撑座40206、制冷腔40207、焊接波纹管Ⅵ40208、滑块组件Ⅲ40209、腔体支撑架Ⅱ40210、石英观测窗Ⅲ40211、真空腔Ⅱ40212、气体弹簧组件40213、真空波纹管组件40214等组成，其中腔体支撑架Ⅱ40210与真空腔Ⅱ40212焊接在一起，滑块组件Ⅲ40209通过螺钉与腔体支撑架Ⅱ40210刚性连接；腔门锁紧器Ⅱ40202通过螺钉与真空腔Ⅱ40212刚性连接，用于实现真空腔门Ⅱ40203的锁紧；腔门把手Ⅱ40204通过螺钉与真空腔门Ⅱ40203刚性连接，铰链Ⅱ40205通过螺钉分别与真空腔门Ⅱ40203、真空腔Ⅱ40212刚性连接，用于实现真空腔门Ⅱ40203的开合；焊接波纹管Ⅴ40201、焊接波纹管Ⅵ40208、真空波纹管组件40214分别通过螺钉与真空腔Ⅱ40212刚性连接，气体弹簧组件40213通过螺钉分别与焊接波纹管Ⅵ40208、真空腔Ⅱ40212刚性连接；石英观测窗Ⅲ40211通过螺钉与真空腔Ⅱ40212刚性连接；制冷腔支撑座40206通过螺钉与真空腔Ⅱ40212内壁刚性连接，制冷腔40207通过螺钉与制冷腔支撑座40206刚性连接。试验时，通过双级压缩机向制冷腔40207中循环通入冷却液，通过非接触方式实现被测试样30108的低温环境加载，最低温度可达-55℃。
参见图16所示，本发明的旋转推车403由导轨座40301、滚轮40302、调节螺钉40303、支撑架40304、导轨组件Ⅲ40305等组成，其中导轨座40301通过螺钉与支撑架40304上端刚性连接，导轨组件Ⅲ40305通过螺钉与导轨座40301刚性连接；滚轮40302通过螺钉与支撑架40304下端刚性连接，用于实现旋转推车403的移动及旋转运动；调节螺钉40303固定 在支撑架40304下端，通过调节调节螺钉40303可以实现导轨组件Ⅲ40305高度及水平度的调整，便于进行高温加载子模块401与低温加载子模块402的切换。
参见图17、图22所示，本发明所述的原位监测模块5包括三自由度运动平台501、表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503、内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505，其中内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505设置在高温加载子模块401的前方，分别用于实现对被测试样30108标距段全局的温度信息、内部损伤信息、三维应变信息的动态监测；表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503设置在高温加载子模块401后方的三自由度运动平台501上，三自由度运动平台501通过螺钉与安装平台105刚性连接，可通过三自由度运动平台501实现表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503的切换使用以及二者沿被测试样30108轴向、径向相对位置的精密调整，分别实现对被测试样30108标距段全局表面变形损伤信息实时监测、标距段微区形貌随动监测；由表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503、内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505构成的四种原位监测手段可单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，用于实现对被测试样30108微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
参见图20、图21所示，图中F 1为静态拉伸载荷，F 2为静态压缩载荷，F 3为低频拉伸/压缩载荷，F 4、F 5、F 7、F 8为静态弯曲载荷，F 6为超声疲劳载荷，F 9为低频弯曲载荷。
参见图1至图24所示，本发明的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试方法，其特征在于：当进行高温高频材料力学性能原位测试试验时，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、被测试样30108的安装：将被测试样30108夹持端的螺纹与连接件Ⅰ30102、连接件Ⅱ30107的内螺纹配合，将连接件Ⅰ30102、连接件Ⅱ30107分别安装在高温连杆Ⅰ30101、高温连杆Ⅱ30106端部的安装孔内，拧紧高温连接件Ⅰ30103、高温连接件Ⅱ30104，完成被测试样30108的安装；
步骤二、被测试样30108高温环境的加载：被测试样30108高温环境的加载由高温加载子模块401来实现，利用机械泵(外部装置)对真空腔Ⅰ40112抽真空或向真空腔Ⅰ40112内持续通入惰性气体排除真空腔Ⅰ40112内空气(氧气)以构建惰性气体氛围；温度控制器向加热炉40104内的三段电阻丝通入大小不同的电压使其发热，通过热辐射的方式实现被测试样30108不同温度的高温环境加载；红外比色计Ⅰ40119、红外比色计Ⅱ40120实时监测被测试样30108标距段的温度，取平均值后反馈至温度控制器，形成闭环控制；
步骤三、被测试样30108静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载：被测试样30108静态拉 伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载由静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块302来实现，运动控制器(外部设备)控制高压液压油驱动液压缸组件Ⅰ30201、液压缸组件Ⅱ30205的活塞杆Ⅰ3020103同步相向运动，经中间连接组件的传递，带动液压强迫夹具3020108同步相向运动，最终带动温连杆组件301两端同步相向运动，实现被测试样30108静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载；
步骤四、被测试样30108静态弯曲载荷的加载：被测试样30108静态弯曲载荷的加载由高频疲劳加载模块2来实现，伺服电机201输出的动力，通过减速器223的多级减速和丝杠221、丝杠螺母204的转化以及连接套筒220、连接板205、拉压力传感器Ⅰ206、安装板207、传力杆217、上夹板216、下夹板215、超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声探头213的传递，最终将动力传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现被测试样30108的静态弯曲预加载；
步骤五、被测试样30108超声疲劳载荷的加载：被测试样30108超声疲劳载荷的加载由高频疲劳加载模块2来实现，超声换能器208输出的微弱振幅经超声连接器Ⅰ210、超声连接器Ⅱ211、超声探头213的逐级放大，最终传递至超声弯曲压头212，实现对被测试样30108的高频疲劳加载；
步骤六、被测试样30108的动态原位监测：被测试样30108的动态原位监测由原位监测模块5来实现，内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505用于实现对被测试样30108标距段全局的温度信息、内部损伤信息、三维应变信息的动态监测；通过三自由度运动平台501实现表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503的切换使用以及二者沿被测试样30108轴向、径向相对位置的精密调整，分别实现对被测试样30108标距段全局表面变形损伤信息实时监测、标距段微区形貌随动监测；由表面变形损伤测量组件502、微观组织结构测量组件503、内部损伤探测组件504、三维应变测量组件505构成的四种原位监测手段单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，用于实现对被测试样30108微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
本发明的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，可以在进行拉伸—压缩预加载的基础上，复合加载其他形式的静动态机械载荷，同时可构建真空密闭环境和惰性气体氛围，实现由低温到高温的变温环境加载。本装置最多可实现“高温(低温)—拉伸(压缩)—拉伸(压缩)—弯曲—低频疲劳”或“高温(低温)—拉伸(压缩)—拉伸(压缩)—弯曲—高频疲劳”的高/低温复杂载荷加载试验，构建丰富的试验条件，获取被测材料丰富的力学性能参数，也可根据不同领域的材料测试需求，模拟其实际服役工况。
参见图18所示，本发明的机械载荷加载相关公式如下：
1、拉伸条件下
应力σ计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000001
式中，F 1为拉伸力，A为被测试样的横截面积，
应变ε计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000002
式中，Δl为被测试样伸长量，l为被测试样原长。
2、压缩条件下
应力σ计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000003
式中，F 2为压缩力，A为试件的横截面积，
应变ε计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000004
式中，Δl为被测试样伸长量，l为被测试样原长。
3、弯曲条件下
在弹性弯曲范围内，被测试样受拉侧表面的最大弯曲应力计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000005
M为被测试样的进行三点弯曲加载时的最大弯矩：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000006
式中，F 7为弯曲力，L为被测试样的跨距；
W为被测试样的抗弯截面系数，其中：
对于圆柱形被测试样：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000007
对于板状被测试样：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000008
4、拉伸/压缩—弯曲复合载荷条件下
被测试样的标距段中间界面受拉侧为危险点，根据第三强度理论，危险点的相当应力σ r3的计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000009
式中，M 2为弯矩，W为抗弯截面系数，F 1为轴向拉伸力，A为被测试样标距段横截面积，M为扭矩，W P为抗扭截面系数；
5、低周疲劳条件下
低周疲劳条件下材料的寿命估算公式：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000010
式中，Δε是总应变，Δε e是弹性应变，Δε p是塑性应变，σ′ f为疲劳强度系数，b为疲劳强度指数，ε′ f为疲劳塑性系数，c疲劳塑性指数，E为被测材料试样的弹性模量；
6、超声疲劳条件下
被测试样的疲劳寿命公式：
σ a＝σ′ f(2N f) b         (11)
式中，σ a为应力幅，σ′ f为疲劳强度系数，b为疲劳强度指数。
7、沙漏型超声试样设计公式
(1)被测试样圆弧过渡段的长度为
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000011
式中，R 0为被测试样过渡段圆弧半径，R 1为被测试样标距段中心半径，R 2为被测试样特征尺寸段半径；
(2)试样的共振长度为
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000013
α＝[arch(R 2/R 1)]/L 1       (15)
β＝(α 2-k 2) 1/2           (16)
式中，E d为被测试样的动态弹性模量，ρ为被测试样的密度；
(3)试样的应力位移系数为
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000014
式中，C s的单位是(MPa/μm)，超声疲劳试验通过控制试样端部位移A 0来控制被测试样中的应力。
8、超声弯曲试样设计公式
超声弯曲试样设计公式：
超声弯曲试样的谐振长度L
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000015
超声弯曲试样的谐振长度L 0
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000016
超声弯曲试样的应力位移系数(单位：MPa/μm)：
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2020075471-appb-000018
式中，h为被测材料试样的厚度，E、ρ分别为被测材料试样的弹性模量和密度，f为谐振频率(20kHz)。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡对本发明所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：包括支撑框架模块(1)、高频疲劳加载模块(2)、静动态机械载荷加载模块(3)、高/低温加载模块(4)、原位监测模块(5)，其中支撑框架模块(1)通过隔振弹簧(10503)隔绝振动，并通过地脚螺钉(10504)与地面固定，高频疲劳加载模块(2)通过电机支撑座(222)与支撑框架模块(1)中的支撑板(102)刚性连接，通过滑块组件Ⅰ(219)与支撑框架模块(1)的导轨组件Ⅰ(104)配合，通过连接法兰(214)与高温加载子模块(401)的焊接波纹管Ⅰ(40101)刚性连接，实现对被测试样(30108)的高频疲劳加载，或者施加静态弯曲预载荷；静动态机械载荷加载模块(3)分别通过液压缸固定板(30202)、中间连接板(30303)与支撑框架模块(1)的安装平台(105)刚性连接，并分别通过高温连杆Ⅰ、高温连杆Ⅱ、高温连杆Ⅲ的法兰与高温加载子模块(401)的焊接波纹管Ⅱ(40108)、焊接波纹管Ⅳ(40115)、焊接波纹管Ⅲ(40114)刚性连接，实现对被测试样(30108)的静动态拉伸/压缩/弯曲载荷的组合加载；高/低温加载模块(4)的高温加载子模块(401)通过“L”型导轨座(40105)与安装平台(105)刚性连接，高/低温加载模块(4)的低温加载子模块(402)通过滑块组件Ⅲ(40209)与旋转推车(403)的导轨组件Ⅲ(40305)配合，高温加载子模块(401)和低温加载子模块(402)相互切换使用，用于实现对被测试样(30108)由低温到高温的变温环境加载；原位监测模块(5)设置在高温加载子模块(401)的前方及后方，并整体固定在安装平台(105)上，实现对被测试样(30108)微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式的动态原位监测。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的支撑框架模块(1)整体采用四立柱式结构，实现对高频疲劳加载模块(2)、静动态机械载荷加载模块(3)、高低温加载模块(4)、原位监测模块(5)的牢固支撑；所述支撑框架模块(1)的具体结构是：安装台面(10502)上表面加工有相互垂直的“T”型槽，安装台面(10502)下表面加工有相互垂直的加强肋，安装台面(10502)中间加工有凹槽，用于静动态弯曲加载子模块(303)的安装定位。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的高频疲劳加载模块(2)竖直布置于仪器的上方，通过电机支撑座(222)与支撑框架模块(1)的支撑板(102)刚性连接，实现高频疲劳加载模块(2)的安装定位；通过滑块组件Ⅰ(219)与支撑框架模块(1)的导轨组件Ⅰ(104)配合，实现高频疲劳加载模块(2)加载方向上的精密导向并消除试验过程中产生的侧向力影响；通过连接法兰(214)与高温加载子模块(401)的焊接波纹管Ⅰ(40101)刚性连接，实现与高温加载子模块(401)的密封；高频加载模块(2)由伺服电机(201)驱动，通过减速器(223)、联轴器(202)、丝杠(221)的传递，最终将动力传递 至超声弯曲压头(212)，实现对被测试样(30108)的静态弯曲预加载；高频疲劳加载模块(2)由超声换能器(208)驱动，振幅经超声连接器Ⅰ(210)、超声连接器Ⅱ(211)、超声探头(213)的逐级放大，最终传递至超声弯曲压头(212)，实现对被测试样(30108)的高频疲劳加载。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的静动态机械载荷加载模块(3)设置在安装平台(105)上，包括高温连杆组件(301)、静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)、静动态弯曲加载子模块(303)，其中高温连杆组件(301)保证静动态机械载荷加载模块(3)能在高温环境下正常使用；静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)水平布置，液压缸组件Ⅰ(30201)与液压缸组件Ⅱ(30205)结构完全相同，且相对于被测试样(30108)对称布置，试验时液压缸组件Ⅰ(30201)与液压缸组件Ⅱ(30205)可单独动作，对被测试样(30108)单端进行静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载，也可同步动作，对被测试样(30108)双端同步进行静动态拉伸/压缩载荷加载，保证被测试样(30108)标距段中心在加载过程中不发生偏移；静动态弯曲加载子模块(303)竖直布置与仪器的下方，通过中间连接板(30303)与安装平台(105)下表面刚性连接，可单独动作，实现对被测试样(30108)的静动态弯曲载荷加载，也可与静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)的液压缸组件Ⅰ(30201)、液压缸组件Ⅱ(30205)协同动作，实现对被测试样(30108)的双端同步静动态拉伸/压缩载荷—弯曲载荷复合加载，保证被测试样(30108)标距段中心在复合载荷加载过程中不发生偏移。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的高/低温加载模块(4)包括高温加载子模块(401)、低温加载子模块(402)、旋转推车(403)，高温加载子模块(401)通过“L”型导轨座(40105)与支撑框架模块(1)的安装平台(105)刚性连接，低温加载子模块(402)通过滑块组件Ⅲ(40209)与旋转推车(403)的导轨组件Ⅲ(40305)配合；旋转推车(403)通过四个滚轮(40302)移动，通过四个调节螺钉(40303)调节导轨组件Ⅲ(40305)的高度与水平度；高温加载子模块(401)与低温加载子模块(402)通过旋转推车(403)相互切换使用。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的原位监测模块(5)包括三自由度运动平台(501)、表面变形损伤测量组件(502)、微观组织结构测量组件(503)、内部损伤探测组件(504)、三维应变测量组件(505)，其中内部损伤探测组件(504)、三维应变测量组件(505)设置在高温加载子模块(401)的前方，分别实现对被测试样(30108)标距段全局的温度信息、内部损伤信息、三维应变信息的动态监测；表面变形损伤测量组件(502)、微观组织结构测量组件(503)设置在高温加载子模块(401)后方的三自由度运动平台(501)上，三自由度运动平台(501)通过螺钉与安装平台(105)刚性连接，通过三 自由度运动平台(501)实现表面变形损伤测量组件(502)、微观组织结构测量组件(503)的切换使用以及二者沿被测试样(30108)轴向、径向相对位置的精密调整，分别实现对被测试样(30108)标距段全局表面变形损伤信息实时监测、标距段微区形貌随动监测；由表面变形损伤测量组件(502)、微观组织结构测量组件(503)、内部损伤探测组件(504)、三维应变测量组件(505)构成的四种原位监测手段可单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，实现对被测试样(30108)微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的高频加载模块(2)竖直布置，静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)水平布置，二者在空间上相互垂直；在试验时，高频加载模块(2)单独动作，实现对被测试样(30108)的静态弯曲预加载及高频疲劳加载；高频加载模块(2)与静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)协同动作，实现对被测试样(30108)的静态拉伸—弯曲复合加载下的高频疲劳加载。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的液压缸固定板(30202)通过T型螺栓与安装平台(105)刚性连接，并通过胀紧套组件(30204)与四根拉杆(30203)刚性连接，形成加强式力闭环结构，大大增加了静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)的刚度；并且，液压缸组件Ⅰ(30201)、液压缸组件Ⅱ(30205)沿着拉杆(30203)相向移动，实现二者间相对位置的精确调整。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器，其特征在于：所述的高温加载子模块(401)的真空腔Ⅰ(40112)腔体的上、下、左、右侧分别安装有焊接波纹管Ⅰ(40101)、焊接波纹管Ⅲ(40114)、焊接波纹管Ⅱ(40108)、焊接波纹管Ⅳ(40115)，并且分别与连接法兰(214)、高温连杆Ⅰ(30101)、高温连杆Ⅱ(30106)、高温连杆Ⅲ(30306)上的法兰刚性连接，实现试验过程中的运动密封；真空腔Ⅰ(40112)腔体的前、后侧分别设置有石英观测窗Ⅰ(40118)、石英观测窗Ⅱ(40113)，用于保证原位监测模块(5)对被测试样(30108)顺利进行动态原位监测。
  10. 一种高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、被测试样(30108)的安装：将被测试样(30108)夹持端的螺纹与连接件Ⅰ(30102)、连接件Ⅱ(30107)的内螺纹配合，将连接件Ⅰ(30102)、连接件Ⅱ(30107)分别安装在高温连杆Ⅰ(30101)、高温连杆Ⅱ(30106)端部的安装孔内，拧紧高温连接件Ⅰ(30103)、高温连接件Ⅱ(30104)，完成被测试样(30108)的安装；
    步骤二、被测试样(30108)高温环境的加载：被测试样(30108)高温环境的加载由高温加载子模块(401)来实现，利用机械泵对真空腔Ⅰ(40112)抽真空或向真空腔Ⅰ(40112)内持续 通入惰性气体构建惰性气体氛围；温度控制器向加热炉(40104)内的三段电阻丝通入大小不同的电压使其发热，通过热辐射的方式实现被测试样(30108)不同温度的高温环境加载；红外比色计Ⅰ(40119)、红外比色计Ⅱ(40120)实时监测被测试样(30108)标距段的温度，取平均值后反馈至温度控制器，形成闭环控制；
    步骤三、被测试样(30108)静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载：被测试样(30108)静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载由静动态拉伸/压缩加载子模块(302)来实现，运动控制器控制高压液压油驱动液压缸组件Ⅰ(30201)、液压缸组件Ⅱ(30205)的活塞杆Ⅰ(3020103)同步相向运动，经中间连接组件的传递，带动液压强迫夹具(3020108)同步相向运动，最终带动温连杆组件(301)两端同步相向运动，实现被测试样(30108)静态拉伸/压缩载荷的双端同步加载；
    步骤四、被测试样(30108)静态弯曲载荷的加载：被测试样(30108)静态弯曲载荷的加载由高频疲劳加载模块(2)来实现，伺服电机(201)输出的动力，通过减速器(223)的多级减速和丝杠(221)、丝杠螺母(204)的转化以及连接套筒(220)、连接板(205)、拉压力传感器Ⅰ(206)、安装板(207)、传力杆(217)、上夹板(216)、下夹板(215)、超声连接器Ⅰ(210)、超声连接器Ⅱ(211)、超声探头(213)的传递，最终将动力传递至超声弯曲压头(212)，实现被测试样(30108)的静态弯曲预加载；
    步骤五、被测试样(30108)超声疲劳载荷的加载：被测试样(30108)超声疲劳载荷的加载由高频疲劳加载模块(2)来实现，超声换能器(208)输出的微弱振幅经超声连接器Ⅰ(210)、超声连接器Ⅱ(211)、超声探头(213)的逐级放大，最终传递至超声弯曲压头(212)，实现对被测试样(30108)的高频疲劳加载；
    步骤六、被测试样(30108)的动态原位监测：被测试样(30108)的动态原位监测由原位监测模块(5)来实现，内部损伤探测组件(504)、三维应变测量组件(505)实现对被测试样(30108)标距段全局的温度信息、内部损伤信息、三维应变信息的动态监测；通过三自由度运动平台(501)实现表面变形损伤测量组件(502)、微观组织结构测量组件(503)的切换使用以及二者沿被测试样(30108)轴向、径向相对位置的精密调整，分别实现对被测试样(30108)标距段全局表面变形损伤信息实时监测、标距段微区形貌随动监测；由表面变形损伤测量组件(502)、微观组织结构测量组件(503)、内部损伤探测组件(504)、三维应变测量组件(505)构成的四种原位监测手段单独使用、两两组合使用、最多可三种同时使用，实现对被测试样(30108)微观组织结构演变和疲劳失效模式进行动态原位监测。
PCT/CN2020/075471 2019-09-12 2020-02-17 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法 WO2021047145A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/642,517 US11635359B2 (en) 2019-09-12 2020-02-17 Instrument and method for mechanical properties in situ testing of materials under high temperature and complex mechanical loads

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910861743.0A CN110579404B (zh) 2019-09-12 2019-09-12 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法
CN201910861743.0 2019-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021047145A1 true WO2021047145A1 (zh) 2021-03-18

Family

ID=68811278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/075471 WO2021047145A1 (zh) 2019-09-12 2020-02-17 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US11635359B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN110579404B (zh)
WO (1) WO2021047145A1 (zh)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113532779A (zh) * 2021-08-26 2021-10-22 青岛科技大学 一种台面缓冲材料振动传递性试验固定装置
CN113702153A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-26 北京科技大学 一种具有宽温域特征的材料组织性能原位检测设备
CN114088530A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-25 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种自然环境-应力协同试验装置
CN114279860A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-04-05 湖北省电力勘测设计院有限公司 一种大口径管屈曲实验装置及方法
CN114486988A (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-13 东北大学 一种真空环境下微波移动烧结月壤试验装置及试验方法
CN114942179A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-08-26 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 一种车门载荷模拟实验装置及方法
CN116148070A (zh) * 2023-04-21 2023-05-23 长沙凯普乐科技有限责任公司 一种原位拉伸装置及其工作方法
CN116539519A (zh) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-04 哈尔滨工业大学 一种结构样件内耗动态测量装置及系统
CN116609203A (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-08-18 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 一种集加热与观测于一体的细观力学测试系统及方法
CN116952615A (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-10-27 苏州猎奇智能设备有限公司 一种汽车尾翼多功能自动测试设备及测试方法
CN117007630A (zh) * 2023-09-26 2023-11-07 江苏华恬节能科技有限公司 一种耐高温聚氨酯制品耐热性能检测装置

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110579404B (zh) 2019-09-12 2021-10-15 吉林大学 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法
CN111257133B (zh) * 2020-02-26 2021-01-05 西安交通大学 一种拉伸弯曲的复合检测装置
CN111595707B (zh) * 2020-05-18 2024-06-11 吉林大学 材料高低周复合疲劳性能原位测试装置及方法
CN112067038A (zh) * 2020-05-28 2020-12-11 北京机械设备研究所 瞬态强电热及机械加载装置下多物理场动态响应的测试平台
CN111965203A (zh) * 2020-07-06 2020-11-20 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 一种基于微纳ct的微裂纹原位检测装置
CN111912705A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-10 吉林大学 静动态力-电-热耦合压电材料综合性能测试仪器
WO2022041066A1 (zh) * 2020-08-27 2022-03-03 国高材高分子材料产业创新中心有限公司 一种针对材料机械性能的测试方法及测试系统
CN112051167B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2021-11-19 吉林大学 高/低温复杂氛围环境加载装置
CN112198047B (zh) * 2020-09-29 2022-05-10 湖北中精衡建筑检测技术有限责任公司 金属波纹管径向刚度检测变径夹持装置
CN112504813A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-16 吉林大学 高温弯曲疲劳原位测试装置及方法
CN113514319B (zh) * 2021-05-10 2022-06-14 吉林大学 扫描电子显微镜中原位静-动态疲劳力学性能测试仪器
CN113552013A (zh) * 2021-07-08 2021-10-26 中国科学院力学研究所 一种针对金属增材制造零件疲劳实验装置
CN113514336A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-10-19 吉林大学 双轴加载的焊件疲劳性能测试装置及方法
CN113970483B (zh) * 2021-10-22 2023-03-24 吉林大学 一种拉弯与高压加载耦合原位xas测试装置及方法
CN113933173B (zh) * 2021-11-22 2023-06-20 中国船舶科学研究中心 极地低温环境结构试验装置及试验方法
CN115561083B (zh) * 2022-11-10 2023-03-03 中国矿业大学(北京) 深部岩体动力性能试验系统及方法
CN115876603A (zh) * 2022-12-24 2023-03-31 中机试验装备股份有限公司 用于材料性能测试的测试装置及测试系统
CN115791865A (zh) * 2022-12-25 2023-03-14 北京工业大学 一种针对弱导电性复合材料热机疲劳试验的超高温加载装置
CN116067290B (zh) * 2023-03-07 2023-07-14 西安航天动力研究所 一种发动机静力试验的位移测试方法及位移测试系统
CN116626091B (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-09-29 江苏德励达新材料股份有限公司 一种聚氨酯材料耐热检测装置
CN116660453B (zh) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-03 保定市五星电气有限公司 一种电线电缆耐火性能检测装置及方法
CN116858692B (zh) * 2023-09-05 2023-11-17 毕普帕罗洛江苏工程技术有限公司 一种用于阀杆制造的多功能检测设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09138190A (ja) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 疲労試験装置
US20120084019A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2012-04-05 Khonsari Michael M Fracture Fatigue Entropy Determination
CN105628487A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-06-01 吉林大学 复合载荷模式力电热磁耦合材料性能原位测试仪器与方法
CN107941624A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-20 吉林大学 高温高频材料力学性能原位测试装置
CN108562505A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-09-21 吉林大学 复合载荷与高温-氛围下的材料高频疲劳试验装置及方法
CN109883833A (zh) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-14 吉林大学 拉伸-弯曲复合载荷下材料疲劳力学性能测试装置与方法
CN110579404A (zh) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-17 吉林大学 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5613776A (en) * 1994-07-20 1997-03-25 Environmental Screening Technology, Inc. Thermal shock insert
WO1998037400A1 (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-08-27 Southwest Research Institute High-cycle fatigue test machine
US7706985B2 (en) * 2007-06-15 2010-04-27 The Boeing Company System and method for in-situ monitoring of composite materials
CN101819114B (zh) * 2010-04-30 2012-07-04 西北工业大学 超声弯曲疲劳实验装置
CN203337493U (zh) * 2013-07-12 2013-12-11 吉林大学 基于拉压、疲劳复合载荷模式下的原位压痕力学测试装置
CN103512803B (zh) * 2013-09-26 2016-08-17 吉林大学 多载荷多物理场耦合材料微观力学性能原位测试仪器
CN203643276U (zh) * 2014-01-03 2014-06-11 吉林大学 高温拉伸/压缩载荷作用下材料力学性能原位测试平台
KR101533939B1 (ko) * 2014-12-24 2015-07-06 성균관대학교산학협력단 열 피로 시험장치
CN208297270U (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-12-28 吉林大学 复合载荷与高温-氛围下的材料高频疲劳试验装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09138190A (ja) * 1995-11-16 1997-05-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 疲労試験装置
US20120084019A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2012-04-05 Khonsari Michael M Fracture Fatigue Entropy Determination
CN105628487A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-06-01 吉林大学 复合载荷模式力电热磁耦合材料性能原位测试仪器与方法
CN107941624A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-20 吉林大学 高温高频材料力学性能原位测试装置
CN108562505A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-09-21 吉林大学 复合载荷与高温-氛围下的材料高频疲劳试验装置及方法
CN109883833A (zh) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-14 吉林大学 拉伸-弯曲复合载荷下材料疲劳力学性能测试装置与方法
CN110579404A (zh) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-17 吉林大学 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113702153A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-26 北京科技大学 一种具有宽温域特征的材料组织性能原位检测设备
CN113532779A (zh) * 2021-08-26 2021-10-22 青岛科技大学 一种台面缓冲材料振动传递性试验固定装置
CN114279860B (zh) * 2021-11-25 2023-12-15 湖北省电力勘测设计院有限公司 一种大口径管屈曲实验装置及方法
CN114088530A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-25 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种自然环境-应力协同试验装置
CN114279860A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-04-05 湖北省电力勘测设计院有限公司 一种大口径管屈曲实验装置及方法
CN114088530B (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-05-20 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种自然环境-应力协同试验装置
CN114486988A (zh) * 2022-01-27 2022-05-13 东北大学 一种真空环境下微波移动烧结月壤试验装置及试验方法
CN114486988B (zh) * 2022-01-27 2024-03-29 东北大学 一种真空环境下微波移动烧结月壤试验装置及试验方法
CN114942179A (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-08-26 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 一种车门载荷模拟实验装置及方法
CN114942179B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-21 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 一种车门载荷模拟实验装置及方法
CN116148070A (zh) * 2023-04-21 2023-05-23 长沙凯普乐科技有限责任公司 一种原位拉伸装置及其工作方法
CN116539519A (zh) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-04 哈尔滨工业大学 一种结构样件内耗动态测量装置及系统
CN116609203B (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-10-20 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 一种集加热与观测于一体的细观力学测试系统及方法
CN116609203A (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-08-18 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 一种集加热与观测于一体的细观力学测试系统及方法
CN116952615A (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-10-27 苏州猎奇智能设备有限公司 一种汽车尾翼多功能自动测试设备及测试方法
CN116952615B (zh) * 2023-09-18 2023-12-19 苏州猎奇智能设备有限公司 一种汽车尾翼多功能自动测试设备及测试方法
CN117007630A (zh) * 2023-09-26 2023-11-07 江苏华恬节能科技有限公司 一种耐高温聚氨酯制品耐热性能检测装置
CN117007630B (zh) * 2023-09-26 2023-12-08 江苏华恬节能科技有限公司 一种耐高温聚氨酯制品耐热性能检测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110579404A (zh) 2019-12-17
CN110579404B (zh) 2021-10-15
US20220341829A1 (en) 2022-10-27
US11635359B2 (en) 2023-04-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2021047145A1 (zh) 高温复杂机械载荷下材料力学性能原位测试仪器与方法
CN107607409B (zh) 超高温复杂载荷双轴拉伸压缩测试装置
CN107607390B (zh) 变温拉扭复合载荷材料力学性能原位测试装置及方法
CN110715862B (zh) 拉扭复合-力热耦合工况下材料力学性能测试仪器与方法
CN109883833B (zh) 拉伸-弯曲复合载荷下材料疲劳力学性能测试装置与方法
WO2017012194A1 (zh) 多载荷多物理场耦合服役条件下材料原位测试装置及方法
WO2017107362A1 (zh) 复合载荷模式力电热磁耦合材料性能原位测试仪器与方法
CN110044753B (zh) 具有惰性气体保护功能的高温微纳米压痕测试装置及方法
CN108132189B (zh) 连续变温下高温原位双轴加载测试装置
CN110441163B (zh) 高温超声疲劳原位测试仪器及测试方法
CN103017992B (zh) 滚动直线导轨副静刚度测量装置及方法
CN110044722B (zh) 超高温高频材料力学性能测试仪器及方法
CN102607837B (zh) 笼式直线机电作动器性能试验台
CN103308404A (zh) 基于可调式拉伸-弯曲预载荷的原位纳米压痕测试仪
CN211668975U (zh) 拉扭复合-力热耦合工况下材料力学性能测试仪器
CN106442182A (zh) 高温微动疲劳实验装夹及加载装置
CN203337492U (zh) 基于可调式拉伸-弯曲预载荷的原位纳米压痕测试仪
CN110646285B (zh) 材料中应变的拉伸压缩测试装置
CN210221717U (zh) 超高温高频材料力学性能测试仪器
CN202974605U (zh) 滚动直线导轨副静刚度测量装置
CN113514319B (zh) 扫描电子显微镜中原位静-动态疲劳力学性能测试仪器
CN214200923U (zh) 高温弯曲疲劳原位测试装置
CN214097006U (zh) 一种波纹管高低温疲劳测试装置
CN210665328U (zh) 高温超声疲劳原位测试仪器
CN112051167B (zh) 高/低温复杂氛围环境加载装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20862158

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20862158

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 11/10/2022)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20862158

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1