WO2021032218A1 - 一种并环THRβ受体激动剂化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种并环THRβ受体激动剂化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2021032218A1
WO2021032218A1 PCT/CN2020/121801 CN2020121801W WO2021032218A1 WO 2021032218 A1 WO2021032218 A1 WO 2021032218A1 CN 2020121801 W CN2020121801 W CN 2020121801W WO 2021032218 A1 WO2021032218 A1 WO 2021032218A1
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compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
group
isomers
acceptable salts
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PCT/CN2020/121801
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English (en)
French (fr)
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余尚海
李本
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苏州闻天医药科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202010112084.3A external-priority patent/CN112457346B/zh
Application filed by 苏州闻天医药科技有限公司 filed Critical 苏州闻天医药科技有限公司
Priority to EP20854987.3A priority Critical patent/EP4019524A4/en
Priority to KR1020227008476A priority patent/KR20220134512A/ko
Priority to AU2020334943A priority patent/AU2020334943A1/en
Priority to GB2203803.8A priority patent/GB2603330B/en
Priority to US17/636,331 priority patent/US20220298187A1/en
Priority to CA3147789A priority patent/CA3147789A1/en
Priority to JP2022509026A priority patent/JP2022544943A/ja
Publication of WO2021032218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021032218A1/zh

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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • C07F9/65742—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus non-condensed with carbocyclic rings or heterocyclic rings or ring systems
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K31/662—Phosphorus acids or esters thereof having P—C bonds, e.g. foscarnet, trichlorfon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/383—Cycloaliphatic acids
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
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    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4003—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4018—Esters of cycloaliphatic acids
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4071—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4075—Esters with hydroxyalkyl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/44—Amides thereof
    • C07F9/4461—Amides thereof the amide moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4465—Amides thereof the amide moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic of aliphatic amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/657163—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom
    • C07F9/657181—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom the ring phosphorus atom and, at least, one ring oxygen atom being part of a (thio)phosphonic acid derivative

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of drug synthesis, in particular, to a compound that can be used as a novel agonist of THR ⁇ receptor, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Thyroid hormone is synthesized in the thyroid in response to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by the pituitary gland.
  • TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
  • Thyroxine plays a very important role in regulating body growth, development, metabolism, and matrix balance.
  • T3 3,5,3 ⁇ -triiodo-L-thyroxine
  • T4 thyroxine
  • the human body mainly secretes T4.
  • T4 is converted into T3 with higher activity by deiodinase.
  • T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid are under negative feedback control, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is responsible for normal thyroid function and thyroid hormone secretion.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone is synthesized in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and its secretion is controlled by thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) synthesized in the hypothalamus.
  • TRH thyroid releasing hormone
  • Thyroid hormones function by binding to Thyroid Hormone Receptor (THR).
  • Thyroid hormone receptors belong to a large family of nuclear receptors and regulate the expression of target genes.
  • THR ⁇ Thyroid Hormone Receptor
  • THR ⁇ Thyroid Hormone Receptor
  • THR ⁇ Thyroid Hormone Receptor
  • the thyroid hormone THs maintains body weight, metabolic rate, body temperature, mood and regulates serum cholesterol. People have tried using thyroid hormones to regulate serum cholesterol. However, taking natural thyroid hormone has side effects on the heart (such as tachycardia and arrhythmia, heart failure, and causing thyroid axis function, muscle metabolism and osteoporosis), making it unusable to treat high cholesterol and obesity. Animal studies on selective knockout of the THR gene, as well as the results of some selective THR ligand studies, show that the cardiac side effects caused by these thyroid hormones can be attributed to THR ⁇ .
  • the thyroid hormone receptor pathway regulates lipid metabolism, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins. It has been clinically shown that lowering low-density cholesterol will reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is also a type of metabolic disorder caused by excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which can further cause liver cell damage and inflammation, leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH).
  • NASH patients are usually accompanied by type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood lipids and obesity.
  • NASH patients have a high probability of developing liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and eventually liver cancer.
  • the function of thyroid hormone to regulate lipid metabolism makes the thyroid receptor pathway a potential target for the treatment of NASH and NAFLD. It has been confirmed in animals that thyroid hormone analogs can significantly reduce the degree of liver fat in animals.
  • Selective THR ⁇ agonists can be used to circumvent the cardiac side effects caused by conventional THR receptor agonists, while selectively only activate THR ⁇ , improve cell lipid metabolism, and exert the function of lowering cholesterol and blood lipids.
  • selective THR ⁇ agonists may also inhibit the thyroid axis, causing side effects such as depression, fatigue, and osteoporosis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a selective THR ⁇ agonist that activates THR ⁇ , but reduces the inhibitory effect on the thyroid axis, so as to avoid the side effects associated with thyroid axis inhibition.
  • Patent WO03094845, WO2007009913, WO2010122980, WO2011038207 and other patents disclose some THR receptor agonists, and these agonist structures are almost all designed and developed based on the natural ligand T3 of the THR receptor. Based on these backgrounds, there is still a need to develop selective THR ⁇ receptor agonists that not only have the beneficial effects of thyroid hormones but also avoid adverse cardiac side effects.
  • the WO2005051298 patent also discloses some THR receptor agonists, of which the better compound (MB07444) has the following structure:
  • the WO2006128058 patent also discloses some THR receptor agonists, in which several naphthols and cyclic compounds have the following structures. However, the patent does not disclose any structure or embodiment similar to the compound of the present invention.
  • the present invention is based on the structural modification of the natural ligand T3 of the THR receptor.
  • the inventor unexpectedly discovered that after modifying the structure of the naphthol part, some compounds unexpectedly increased the agonistic activity of the THR ⁇ receptor (compared with the WO2005051298 patent). (Compared with the middle code compound 7/MB07444); Almost all conjugated compounds have improved selectivity to THR ⁇ (compared with MB07444).
  • some of the compounds of the present invention can be highly enriched in liver target organs after being modified by prodrugs, and further reduce the distribution in the heart organs, thereby potentially reducing clinical side effects.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (I) and its isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from a halogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl, and are selected from halogen atoms, trifluoromethyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy Phenyl substituted with at least one substituent in the cyano group, the unsubstituted naphthyl group is selected from halogen atoms, trifluoromethyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy and cyano Naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent of Or R 3 , R 4 together with the adjacent Together they form the following six-membered ring
  • V is an unsubstituted five to ten-membered aryl group, which is composed of at least one substituent selected from halogen atoms, trifluoromethyl groups, C 1-6 alkyl groups, C 1-6 alkoxy groups and cyano groups Substituted five- to ten-membered aryl group, an unsub
  • R 5 is selected from H or C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl
  • X is selected from -O- or -CH 2 -;
  • Y is selected from -O- or -CH 2 -;
  • Z and Z' are each independently selected from -O- or -NH-;
  • L is selected from -O-, -S- or -CH 2-
  • n 1, 2 or 3;
  • the halogen atom is selected from F, Cl or Br.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from F, Cl, Br or -CH 3 .
  • both R 1 and R 2 are Cl.
  • R 1 and R 2 are both -CH 3 .
  • R 5 is selected from H or -CH 3 ;
  • n is 1 or 2; more preferably, n is 1;
  • X is -CH 2 -;
  • Y is -O-;
  • V is an unsubstituted phenyl group, and is composed of at least one selected from halogen atoms, trifluoromethyl groups, C 1-3 alkyl groups and C 1-3 alkoxy groups.
  • a substituent-substituted phenyl group an unsubstituted five- to six-membered monocyclic heteroaryl group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, consisting of halogen atoms, trifluoromethyl , C 1-3 alkyl and C 1-3 alkoxy substituted by at least one substituent containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, S and O five to six membered monocyclic heterocycle Aryl.
  • the compound represented by formula (I) and its isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have a structure represented by the following formula (II):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y, and n are as defined in the above formula (I);
  • R 1 and R 2 are both -CH 3 ;
  • R 5 is selected from -CH 3 ;
  • X is -CH 2 -;
  • Y is -O-
  • L is -CH 2 -
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the compound represented by formula (I) and its isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have a structure represented by the following formula (III):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y, L, n, and V are as defined in the above formula (I);
  • R 1 and R 2 are both -CH 3 ;
  • R 5 is selected from -CH 3 ;
  • X is -CH 2 -;
  • Y is -O-
  • L is -CH 2 -
  • n 1 or 2;
  • V is an unsubstituted phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a C 1-3 alkyl group and a C 1-3 alkoxy group, a pyridyl group , A pyridyl group substituted with at least one substituent selected from a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a C 1-3 alkyl group, and a C 1-3 alkoxy group.
  • V is m-chlorophenyl.
  • the compound represented by formula (I) and its isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have a structure represented by the following formula (IV):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y, L, and n are as defined in the above formula (I);
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently a C 1-6 alkyl group, a phenyl group, and are selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 1-6 alkoxy group and a cyano group. Phenyl substituted with at least one substituent, naphthyl, substituted with at least one substituent selected from halogen atoms, trifluoromethyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy and cyano Naphthyl,
  • R 6 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 2 are both -CH 3 ;
  • R 5 is selected from -CH 3 ;
  • X is -CH 2 -;
  • Y is -O-
  • L is -CH 2 -
  • n 1 or 2;
  • R 3 and R 4 are both Wherein R 6 is C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 3 and R 4 are both
  • the compound represented by formula (I) and its isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have a structure represented by the following formula (V):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , X, Y, L, and n are as defined in the above formula (I);
  • R 4 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, and is substituted by at least one substituent selected from halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy and cyano group Substituted phenyl, naphthyl, naphthyl substituted with at least one substituent selected from halogen atom, trifluoromethyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy and cyano,
  • R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 2 are both -CH 3 ;
  • R 5 is selected from -CH 3 ;
  • X is -CH 2 -;
  • Y is -O-
  • L is -CH 2 -
  • n 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is phenyl or naphthyl
  • R 7 is methyl
  • R 8 is ethyl or isopropyl
  • the compound and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs are one of the following compounds:
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of the compound.
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • Trimethylchlorosilane was added dropwise to the acetonitrile solution of compound 1-g and potassium iodide, the temperature was raised to 50° C., and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours. After removing the alkyl group, phosphoric acid compound II is obtained;
  • the phosphoric acid compound II is reacted with phenol or naphthol R 4 -OH under the promotion of the condensation reagent DCC, and then the acid chloride intermediate is generated from the sulfonyl chloride and then the amino acid ester is reacted to obtain the prodrug compound V of II.
  • the present invention provides the use of the compound in the preparation of drugs for the treatment of metabolic-related diseases or fibrosis-related diseases.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound according to the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutical composition Acceptable excipients.
  • the metabolic related disease is selected from the group consisting of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH), liver steatosis, atherosclerosis, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer , Liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis;
  • the metabolic-related disease is selected from: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH), hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer, liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating metabolic related diseases, the method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of the compound according to the present invention or comprising the compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable compounds thereof. Accept the salt as the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the metabolic related diseases are selected from the group consisting of obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH), liver steatosis, arterial Atherosclerosis, hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer; preferably, the metabolic-related disease is selected from: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH), hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer.
  • NASH non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • a method for treating a metabolic-related disease or a fibrosis-related disease comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound according to the present invention or containing all
  • the compound and its isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are used as active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions.
  • salt refers to a compound containing cations and anions, which can be produced by protonation of proton-acceptable sites and/or deprotonation of proton-available sites. It is worth noting that the protonation of the proton-acceptable site leads to the formation of cationic substances, whose charge is balanced by the presence of physiological anions, while the deprotonation of the proton-available site leads to the formation of anionic substances whose charge is caused by the presence of physiological cations. And balance.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt means that the salt is pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.; or formed with organic acids, such as glycolic acid , Pyruvate, lactic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethyl Sulfonic acid, 1,2-ethane-disulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphoric acid, twelve Al
  • C 1-M alkyl refers to an alkyl group containing 1-M carbon atoms, for example, where M is an integer having the following values: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30.
  • C 1-6 alkyl refers to an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl groups, including methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl or pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl , Heptyl and octyl.
  • aryl refers to an aromatic system, which can be a single ring or a polyaromatic ring originally fused or connected together so that at least a part of the fused or connected rings form a conjugated aromatic system.
  • Aryl groups include but are not limited to: phenyl, naphthyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl.
  • Aryl groups may be optionally substituted, such as aryl or heterocyclic groups which may be substituted by 1-4 groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -OH, -NO 2 , amino, alkyl, cycloalkane Group, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylamino, or arylthio.
  • 1-4 groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -OH, -NO 2 , amino, alkyl, cycloalkane Group, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylamino, or arylthio.
  • substituted means that the reference group can be substituted by one or more additional groups, which are individually and independently selected from, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic hydrocarbon , Hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylsulfoxide, arylsulfoxide, alkylsulfone, arylsulfone, cyano, halo, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, nitro, haloalkane Groups, fluoroalkyl groups and amino groups, including mono- and di-substituted amino groups and their protected derivatives.
  • additional groups are individually and independently selected from, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic hydrocarbon , Hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylsulfoxide, arylsulfoxide, alkylsulfone, arylsulf
  • the compound represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof provided by the present invention may be in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, solutions, suspensions Liquid and aerosol, etc., and can be present in a suitable solid or liquid carrier or diluent and in a suitable disinfection device for injection or drip.
  • the unit dose of the formulation formulation contains 0.05-200 mg of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the unit dose of the formulation formulation contains 0.1 mg-100 mg of the compound of formula (I).
  • the compound and pharmaceutical composition represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention can be used clinically on mammals, including humans and animals, and can be administered via oral, nose, skin, lung, or gastrointestinal tract. Most preferably it is oral.
  • the most preferred daily dose is 0.01-200 mg/kg body weight, taken at one time, or 0.01-100 mg/kg body weight in divided doses. Regardless of the method of administration, the individual's optimal dose should be determined based on the specific treatment. Usually start with a small dose and gradually increase the dose until the most suitable dose is found.
  • the term "effective amount” may refer to an effective amount for the dosage and time period required to achieve the desired effect.
  • the effective amount may vary depending on certain factors, such as the type of disease or the condition of the disease during treatment, the structure of the specific target organ to be administered, the size of the patient, or the severity of the disease or symptom. Those with ordinary knowledge in the art can empirically determine the effective amount of a specific compound without undue experimentation.
  • a typical formulation is prepared by mixing the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention and the carrier, diluent or excipient.
  • suitable carriers, diluents or excipients are well known to those skilled in the art, including such as carbohydrates, waxes, water-soluble and/or swellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic substances, gelatin, oils, solvents , Water and other substances.
  • the specific carrier, diluent or excipient used will depend on the mode and purpose of the compound of the present invention.
  • the solvent is generally selected on the basis of the solvent considered by those skilled in the art to be safe and effective for administration to mammals.
  • safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water, and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible with water.
  • Suitable aqueous solvents include one or more of water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (such as PEG400, PEG300) and the like.
  • the formulation may also include one or more buffers, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, sunscreens, glidants, processing aids, Coloring agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents or other known additives enable the drug to be manufactured or used in an acceptable form.
  • the two drugs or more drugs can be used separately or in combination, and are preferably administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the compound or pharmaceutical composition of formula (I) of the present invention can be administered separately or together in any known oral, intravenous, rectal, vaginal, transdermal, or other local or systemic administration form. Medicine to the subject.
  • compositions may also contain one or more buffers, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, sunscreens, glidants, processing aids Agents, coloring agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents or other known additives, so that the pharmaceutical composition can be manufactured or used in an acceptable form.
  • the drug of the present invention is preferably administered by oral route.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration may include capsules, tablets, powder or granular formulations.
  • the compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is mixed with at least one inert excipient, diluent or carrier.
  • Suitable excipients, diluents or carriers include substances such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate, or starch, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, silicic acid, etc.; binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid Salt, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, gum arabic, etc.; wetting agents such as glycerin, etc.; disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, specific complex silicates, sodium carbonate, etc.; Solution blockers such as paraffin, etc.; absorption enhancers such as quaternary ammonium compounds, etc.; adsorbents such as kaolin, bentonite, etc.; lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate Wait.
  • binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose,
  • the dosage form may also include buffering agents.
  • Similar types of solid compositions can also be used as fillers in soft and hard filled gelatin capsules, which use lactose and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol as excipients.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage form may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents; solubilizers and emulsifiers such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, Ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, dimethylformamide; oils (such as cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil Etc.); glycerol; tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol and sorbitan; or a mixture of several of these substances.
  • inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water or other solvents
  • solubilizers and emulsifiers
  • composition may also include excipients, such as one or more of wetting agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents and perfumes.
  • excipients such as one or more of wetting agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents and perfumes.
  • the suspension in addition to the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, it may further contain a carrier such as a suspending agent, such as ethoxylate.
  • a suspending agent such as ethoxylate. Isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol, sorbitan ester, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum hydroxide, bentonite, agar and tragacanth, or a mixture of several of these substances.
  • the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same can be administered in other topical dosage forms, including ointments, powders, sprays and inhalants.
  • the drug can be mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, diluents or carriers and any required preservatives, buffers or propellants under sterile conditions.
  • Ophthalmic formulations, ophthalmic ointments, powders and solutions are also intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
  • kits such as pharmaceutical packaging.
  • the provided kits may contain the pharmaceutical compositions or compounds described herein and containers (for example, vials, ampoules, bottles, syringes and/or subpackages or other suitable containers).
  • the provided kit may optionally further include a second container that contains pharmaceutical excipients for diluting or suspending the pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein.
  • the pharmaceutical composition or compound combination described herein disposed in the first container and the second container forms a unit dosage form.
  • the kit described herein further includes instructions for using the compound or pharmaceutical composition included in the kit.
  • the kits described herein may also include information required by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • the information included in the kit is prescription information.
  • the kits and instructions provide for treating proliferative diseases in subjects in need thereof and/or preventing proliferative diseases in subjects in need thereof.
  • the kits described herein may contain one or more additional pharmaceutical preparations as separate compositions.
  • the structures of the compounds in the following examples were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or/and mass spectrometry (MS).
  • NMR shift ( ⁇ ) is given in units of 10-6 (ppm).
  • Bruker AVANCE-400 nuclear magnetic instrument was used for NMR measurement, and the measurement solvent was deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6), deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), deuterated methanol (CD3OD), and the internal standard was tetramethylsilane (TMS) .
  • DMSO-d6 deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
  • CDCl3 deuterated chloroform
  • CD3OD deuterated methanol
  • TMS tetramethylsilane
  • the thin layer chromatography silica gel plate uses Yantai Huanghai HSGF254 or Qingdao GF254 silica gel plate.
  • the size of the silica gel plate used for thin layer chromatography (TLC) is 0.15mm-0.2mm, and the size of thin layer chromatography separation and purification products is 0.4mm. -0.5mm.
  • reaction temperature is room temperature, which is 20 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius.
  • the detection of the reaction process in the examples adopts thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the developing solvent system used, and the elution system of column chromatography used to purify the compound include: A: dichloromethane and methanol system, B : N-hexane and ethyl acetate system, C: petroleum ether and ethyl acetate system, D: acetone and petroleum ether system, the volume ratio of the solvent is adjusted according to the polarity of the compound.
  • TLC thin-layer chromatography
  • DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • TMSI trimethylsilyl iodide
  • EA ethyl acetate
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • h hours
  • DMF N,N-dimethylamide
  • the fourth step Synthesis of diisopropyl ((4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl) phosphate A-6:
  • Step 5 Synthesis of diisopropyl ((4-((4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yl)methyl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl)phosphate A-8:
  • Step 6 Synthesis of ((4-((4-hydroxynaphthyl-1-yl)methyl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl)phosphate A
  • Trimethylchlorosilane (76mg, 0.7mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture of compound A-8 (100mg, 0.22mmol) and potassium iodide (116mg, 0.70mmol) in acetonitrile (1ml), the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was stirred for 2 hours .
  • Add ethyl acetate (20ml) and water (20ml) separate the layers, wash the organic phase with saturated brine (20ml) once, and concentrate the solvent under reduced pressure to obtain a black solid. Water (12ml) was added, the temperature was raised to 35-40°C, stirred for 30 minutes, filtered, and dried to obtain brown solid reference compound A (35mg).
  • the reference compound B can be obtained.
  • Example 1 ((4-((7-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-position)methyl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy (Yl)methyl)phosphoric acid (compound 1).
  • Dissolve compound 1-1 (1.94g, 1.0eq) in 20ml THF, replace the reaction system with nitrogen, then lower the temperature to about 0°C, start slowly adding 3M methylmagnesium bromide dropwise, control the temperature below 5°C, and add dropwise When finished, keep stirring for 0.5 hour.
  • Compound 3 can be obtained by using the synthetic route of Example 1, wherein the synthesis of intermediate 3-4 is as follows.
  • the Mg powder (1.56 g, 65.1 mmol) was immersed in anhydrous ether (10 ml), and 1 pellet of I 2 was added.
  • Add CuI (0.66g, 3.5mmol), THF (10ml) to another reaction flask, cool to -20°C, and add the prepared format reagent dropwise. After the addition is complete, add dimethyl oxirane ( 5ml, 55.8mmol), the reaction was stirred for 2h.
  • compound 3 can be prepared according to the synthetic route of Example 1.
  • Example 1 The synthesis route of Example 1 can be used to obtain compound 4, wherein the synthesis of intermediates 4-7 is as follows.
  • Compound 4 can be prepared by using intermediate 4-7 according to the synthetic route of Example 1.
  • Example 7 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((4-((7-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-position)methyl (Yl)-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorane 2-oxo (compound 7).
  • Example 8 ((((((4-((7-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-position)methyl)-3,5-dimethyl Preparation of phenoxy)methyl)phosphoryl)bis(oxy))bis(methylene)bispivaloyl (compound 8).
  • Diisopropylethylamine 140 mg, 1.08 mmol was added to a solution of compound 1 (211 mg, 0.54 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 ml) at room temperature. After heating to 40°C and stirring for half an hour, iodide 8-1 (261mg, 1.08mmol) was added and stirring continued overnight. Then continue to add iodide 8-1 (261mg, 1.08mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (140mg, 1.08mmol), and continue the reaction at this temperature for 6h. The reaction was quenched with 50ml water, and the EA phase was extracted and washed with 50ml brine. It was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and separated by column chromatography to obtain racemic compound 7 (150 mg).
  • Test Example 1 Test of binding ability of compound to TR ⁇ :
  • Biotin-SRC2-2 co-activating peptide was purchased from Sangong Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
  • TR ⁇ LBD GST purchased from Thermo Fisher (Product No. PV4762)
  • Europium-conjugated anti-glutathione antibody was purchased from Cisbio (Cat. No. 61GSTKLB)
  • Streptavidin-D2 was purchased from Cisbio (Cat. No. 610SADAB)
  • Envision 2104 microplate reader records the fluorescence signal values at the wavelengths of 665 nm and 615 nm in each well of the 384-well experiment plate, and calculates the fluorescence ratio of 665 nm/615 nm.
  • the EC50 was calculated by fitting the relationship between the activity (%) and the logarithmic concentration of the compound using Graphpad 5.0 through a nonlinear regression method.
  • Test Example 2 Test of the binding ability of the compound to TR ⁇
  • Biotin-SRC2-2 co-activating peptide was purchased from Sangon Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
  • TR ⁇ LBD GST purchased from Thermo Fisher (Cat. No. PV4762)
  • Streptavidin-D2 purchased from Cisbio (article number 610SADAB)
  • the compound After the compound is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, it can be stored in a desiccator at room temperature for three months. For long-term storage, place in a refrigerator at -20°C.
  • Envision 2104 microplate reader records the fluorescence signal values of 665nm and 615nm in each well of the 384-well experiment plate, and calculates the Ratio 665nm/615nm.
  • the EC50 was calculated by fitting the relationship between the activity (%) and the logarithmic concentration of the compound using Graphpad 5.0 through a nonlinear regression method.
  • test data is shown in Table 1 below.
  • the selection algorithm is calculated based on the literature (A Pharmacology Primer Techniques for More Effective and Strategic Drug Discovery, 4th Edition, Page 220), and calculated after standardization with T3.
  • Test 3 Drug metabolism experiment of prodrug in SD rats
  • the animal weight was measured before administration, and healthy animals with similar body weight were selected for inclusion in the experiment.
  • the oral dose is 3 mg/kg.
  • At least 0.2 mL of blood is collected from tail vein or jugular vein, anticoagulant: heparin sodium.
  • the blood sample After the blood sample is collected, it is placed in a labeled ice-water bath centrifuge tube, and the plasma is quickly separated by centrifugation. Centrifugation conditions: 3500 rpm, 10 minutes, 4°C, and the plasma is stored under -40°C for testing.
  • the surface is washed with normal saline, dried with medical gauze, and placed in a labeled small ziplock bag, stored under -40°C for testing.
  • Degasser DGU-20A 3R Column: ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 2.1*50mm, 3.5 ⁇ m, Agilent
  • Mobile phase A: 2mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution
  • the prodrug compounds 9 and 10 can quickly transform into the active parent drug compound 1, just like the control drug VK2809. At the same time, the concentration of both in plasma is not high.
  • prodrug compound 10 prepared by the present invention to transform into active metabolite drug 1 in the liver is much better than that of VK2809.
  • the absolute concentration of active metabolite compound 1 in the liver is at least three times that of the control drug VK2809 active metabolite drug MB07444, and the liver-to-blood ratio is also significantly better than the control drug.
  • prodrug compound 9 can also be rapidly metabolized in the liver to produce active metabolite compound 1, and its absolute concentration is also higher than that of the control drug VK2809.
  • the above data shows that the compound of the present invention and its prodrugs are drugs with more liver-targeting properties and have unparalleled drug-making properties.

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Abstract

一种以下式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐。所述化合物在提高了THRβ激动活性的同时改善了对THRα的选择性，从而提高了成药性质。

Description

一种并环THRβ受体激动剂化合物及其制备方法和用途
本申请要求于2019年8月19日向中国专利局提交的名称为“一种并环THRβ受体激动剂化合物及其制备方法和用途”，申请号为201910763932.4的发明专利申请的优先权权益，在此以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及药物合成领域，具体而言，涉及一种可以作为THRβ受体的新型激动剂的化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
甲状腺激素(thyroid hormone，TH)是应答垂体分泌的甲状腺刺激激素(thyroid stimulating hormone，TSH)而在甲状腺中合成的。甲状腺素对调控身体生长、发育、代谢、以及基体平衡起着非常重要的作用。甲状腺激素主要有两种，3,5,3`-三碘-L-甲状腺素(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)。人体主要分泌T4，在外周器官中，T4被脱碘酶转化成活性更高的T3。甲状腺生成的T3和T4处于负反馈控制之下，促甲状腺激素(TSH)负责正常的甲状腺功能和甲状腺激素分泌。促甲状腺激素在脑垂腺前叶合成，并且其分泌由下丘脑中合成的甲状腺释放激素(thyroid releasing hormone，TRH)控制。
甲状腺激素通过与甲状腺激素受体(Thyroid hormone receptor，THR)结合发挥功能。甲状腺激素受体属于核受体大家族，调控目标基因表达。甲状腺激素受体有两种不同的亚型，THRα和THRβ。THRα主要分布在心脏组织，对心脏的功能起重要调控作用。THRβ亚型主要在肝脏和脑垂体表达，调控胆固醇的代谢，以及调控促甲状腺激素分泌。
在正常水平时，甲状腺激素THs维持体重、代谢率、体温、情绪并调节血清胆固醇。人们已经尝试了用甲状腺激素来调控血清胆固醇。但是服用天然甲状腺激素对心脏存在副作用(如心动过速和心律不齐，心衰，以及引起甲状腺轴功能，肌肉代谢和骨质疏松)，使其不能用于治疗高胆固醇和肥胖。对THR基因选择性敲除的动物研究，以及一些选择性THR配体的研究结果显示，这些甲状腺激素引起的心脏副作用可以归功于THRα。
甲状腺激素受体通路调控脂代谢，包括胆固醇、三甘油脂、以及脂蛋白。临床上已经表明，降低低密度胆固醇将能降低心脑血管方面疾病的发病率。
非酒精性脂肪肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)，也是由于甘油三酯过度在肝脏堆积引起的一类代谢紊乱疾病，进一步的可以引起肝脏细胞受损伤，并引发炎症，导致非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)。NASH病人通常也伴随着二型糖尿病、高胆固醇、高血脂及肥胖。NASH病人具有较高概率发展成肝硬化、肝衰竭，并最终发展成为肝癌。目前还缺乏有效治疗NASH的药物。甲状腺激素调控脂代谢的功能，使得甲状腺受体通路成为潜在治疗NASH和NAFLD的靶点。在动物体内已经证实，甲状腺激素类似物可以明显的降低动物肝脏脂肪程度。
选择性的THRβ激动剂可以用来规避常规THR受体激动剂引起的心脏副作用，而选择性的只激活THRβ，提高细胞脂代谢，发挥降胆固醇和血脂的功能。然而，选择性的THRβ激动剂也有可能会抑制甲状腺轴，导致忧郁、疲劳、骨质疏松等副作用。所以需要发展一种选择性的THRβ激动剂，激活THRβ，但是降低对甲状腺轴的抑制作用，从而规避甲状腺轴抑制伴随的副作用。
WO03094845、WO2007009913、WO2010122980、WO2011038207等专利披露了一些THR受体激动剂，这些激动剂结构几乎都是基于THR受体的天然配体T3来设计开发的。基于这些背景，仍然需要开发既具有甲状腺激素的有益疗效但又要避免心脏不良副作用的选择性THRβ受体激动剂。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000001
WO2005051298专利也披露了一些THR受体激动剂，其中较好的化合物(MB07444)为如下结构：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000002
WO2006128058专利也披露了一些THR受体激动剂，其中几个萘酚类并环化合物为如下结构。然而该专利中并没有披露其他与本发明中的化合物相似的任何结构或实施例。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000003
本发明基于THR受体的天然配体T3进行结构改造，发明人出乎意料的发现，经过对萘酚部分的结构进行改造后，一些化合物不可预料的提高了THRβ受体激动活性(与WO2005051298专利中代号化合物7/MB07444相比)；几乎所有并环化合物都改进了对THRα的选择性(与MB07444相比)。同时，本发明的一些化合物进行前药修饰后能够在肝脏靶器官高度富集，进一步降低了在心脏器官的分布，从而可以潜在降低临床副作用。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供了一种以下式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000004
其中，
R 1和R 2各自独立地选自卤素原子或C 1-6烷基；
R 3和R 4各自独立地选自氢，C 1-6烷基，未取代的苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，未取代的萘基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种的取 代基取代的萘基，
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000005
或者R 3、R 4一起与相邻的
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000006
共同构成如下的六元环
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000007
其中，V为未取代的五至十元芳基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的五至十元芳基，含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的未取代的五至十元杂芳基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的五至十元杂芳基；
R 5选自H或C 1-6烷基；
R 6、R 7、R 8各自独立地选自C 1-6烷基；
X选自-O-或-CH 2-；
Y选自-O-或-CH 2-；
Z、Z’各自独立地选自-O-或-NH-；
L选自-O-、-S-或-CH 2-
n为1，2或3；
所述卤素原子选自F、Cl或Br。
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，在式(I)所示的结构中，R 1和R 2各自独立地选自F、Cl、Br或-CH 3。
进一步优选地，R 1和R 2都是Cl。
或优选地R 1和R 2都是-CH 3。
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，在式(I)所示的结构中，R 5选自H或-CH 3；
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，在式(I)所示的结构中，n为1或2；进一步优选地，n为1；
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，在式(I)所示的结构中，X为-CH 2-；
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，在式(I)所示的结构中，Y为-O-；
优选地，在式(I)所示的结构中，V为未取代的苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的未取代的五至六元单环杂芳基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧基的中的至少一种取代基取代的含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的五至六元单环杂芳基。
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，由式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐具有如下式(II)所示的结构：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000008
其中，
R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、n定义如上式(I)中定义；
进一步优选地，在式(II)所示的结构中，
R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
R 5选自-CH 3；
X为-CH 2-；
Y为-O-；
L为-CH 2-；
n为1或2。
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，由式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐具有如下式(III)所示的结构：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000009
其中，
R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n、V定义如上式(I)中定义；
进一步优选地，在式(II)所示的结构中，
R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
R 5选自-CH 3；
X为-CH 2-；
Y为-O-；
L为-CH 2-；
n为1或2；
优选地，V为未取代的苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，吡啶基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧基的中的至少一种取代基取代的吡啶基。
更进一步优选地，V是间氯苯基。
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，由式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐具有如下式(IV)所示的结构：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000010
其中，
R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n定义如上式(I)中定义；
R 3和R 4各自独立地为C 1-6烷基，苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，萘基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种取代基取代的萘基，
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000011
其中R 6选自C 1-6烷基；
进一步优选地，在式(IV)所示的结构中，
R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
R 5选自-CH 3；
X为-CH 2-；
Y为-O-；
L为-CH 2-；
n为1或2；
R 3和R 4都是
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000012
其中R 6为C 1-6烷基；
更进一步优选地，R 3和R 4都是
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000013
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，由式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐具有如下式(V)所示的结构：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000014
其中，
R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n定义如如上式(I)中定义；
R 4选自C 1-6烷基，苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，萘基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种的取代基取代的萘基，
R 7、R 8各自独立地选自C 1-6烷基；
进一步优选地，在式(V)所示的结构中，
R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
R 5选自-CH 3；
X为-CH 2-；
Y为-O-；
L为-CH 2-；
n为1或2；
R 4为苯基或萘基；
R 7为甲基；
R 8为乙基或异丙基；
根据本发明的另一个方面，优选地，所述化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和前药 为以下化合物中的一种：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000015
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了所述化合物的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000016
1)将多聚甲醛和碳酸钾加入异丙醇中，升温至50摄氏度后，缓慢滴加亚磷酸二异丙酯，维持温度在50摄氏度搅拌2小时。经后处理得到通式1-b化合物；
2)将化合物1-b和三乙胺分别加入到二氯甲烷中，用冰浴将体系降温4摄氏度。搅拌下，用滴液漏斗将对甲基苯磺酰氯溶液缓慢滴入反应液中，滴完后，保持冰浴继续搅拌2小时。反应结束经后处理得到活性酯1-c；
3)将化合物1-c加入到二甲亚砜、化合物1-d和碳酸铯的混合物中，在氮气氛围下升温至55摄氏度，搅拌6小时反应得到通式1-e化合物；
4)将化合物1-e加入到化合物1-f的二氯甲烷溶液中，用冰浴将体系降温至4摄氏度，滴入三氟乙酸催化反应。经后处理后得到通式1-g化合物；
5)将三甲基氯硅烷滴加到化合物1-g和碘化钾的乙腈溶液中，升温至50℃，搅拌反应2小时。脱除烷基后得到磷酸化合物II；
6)将磷酸化合物II和1-(3-氯苯基)丙烷-1,3-二醇溶解在吡啶和DMF中，室温下加入缩合试剂DCC。加热到70℃搅拌4h，经后处理后得到II的前药化合物III。
7)或者，室温下将二异丙基乙胺加入到磷酸化合物II的乙腈溶液中。加热到40℃后搅拌半小时，然后再加入碘代物继续搅拌过夜。发生二酯化反应生成磷酯前药IV。
8)或者，磷酸化合物II与苯酚或萘酚R 4-OH在缩合试剂DCC的促进下反应，随后磺酰氯生成酰氯中间体后于氨基酸酯反应得到II的前药化合物V。
上述反应式中的各个取代基R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 5、R 6、R 7、R 8、X、Y、L、n、V定义如上式(I)中定义。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了所述化合物在制备代谢相关疾病或纤维化相关疾病治疗药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了一种药物组合物，所述药物组合物包括治疗有效量的根据本发明的所述化合物及其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分，以及药学上可接受的辅料。
优选地，所述代谢相关疾病选自：肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病，以及非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)，肝脂肪变性、动脉粥样硬化、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌、肝纤维化、肺纤维化；优选地，所述代谢相关疾病选自：非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌、肝纤维化、肺纤维化。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供了一种治疗代谢相关疾病的方法，所述方法包括向受试者施用有效量的根据本发明的所述化合物或包含所述化合物及其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的药物组合物。
优选地，根据所述治疗代谢相关疾病的方法，所述代谢相关疾病选自：肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病，以及非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)，肝脂肪变性、动脉粥样硬化、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌；优选地，所述代谢相关疾病选自：非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌。
优选地，根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种代谢相关疾病或纤维化相关疾病的治疗方法，所述方法包括向受试者施用有效量的根据根据本发明所述的化合物或包含所述化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的药物组合物。
具体实施方式
以下，将详细地描述本发明。在进行描述之前，应当理解的是，在本说明书和所附的权利要求书中使用的术语不应解释为限制于一般含义和字典含义，而应当在允许发明人适当定义术语以进行最佳解释的原则的基础上，根据与本发明的技术方面相应的含义和概念进行解释。因此，这里提出的描述仅仅是出于举例说明目的的优选实例，并非意图限制本发明的范围，从而应当理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以由其获得其他等价方式或改进方式。
根据本发明，如果无另外说明，这里引用的所有术语具有与那些本领域的熟练人员理解本发明相同的含义。
如本文所用的术语“盐”是指含阳离子和阴离子的化合物，其可通过可接受质子部位的质子化和/或可供质子部位的去质子化来产生。值得注意的是，可接受质子部位的质子化导致形成阳离子类物质，其电荷通过生理阴离子的存在而平衡，而可供质子部位的去质子化导致形成阴离子类物质，其电荷通过生理阳离子的存在而平衡。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指所述盐是药学上可接受的。药学上可接受的盐的例子包括但不限于：(1)酸加成盐，与无机酸形成，如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等等；或与有机酸形成，如羟基乙酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、丙二酸、苹果酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、3-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、1,2-乙烷-二磺酸、2-羟基乙烷磺酸、苯磺酸、4-氯苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、4对甲苯磺酸、樟脑酸、十二烷基硫酸、葡萄糖酸、谷氨酸、水杨酸、顺式-已二烯二酸等等；或(2)碱加成盐，和上述无机酸的任一种的共轭碱形成，其中共轭碱包含选自Na +、K +、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、NH xR 4-x +中的阳离子组分，其中NH xR 4-x +(R是C 1-4烷基，下标x是选自0、1、2、3或4的整数)表示季铵盐中的阳离子。应该理解，所有涉及药学上可接受的盐都包括相同酸加成盐的本文中所定义的溶剂加成形式(溶剂化物)或晶体形式(多晶型物)。
术语“C 1-M烷基”是指包含1-M个碳原子的烷基，例如其中M是具有下列数值的整数：2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29或30。例如术语“C 1-6烷基”是指含有1-6个碳原子的烷基。烷基的例子包括但不限于低级烷基，包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基或戊基、异戊基、新戊基、己基、庚基和辛基。
术语“芳基”指芳族体系，可以是单环或原本稠合的或连接在一起的多芳环，从而使至少一部分稠合或连接的环形成共轭的芳系。芳基基团包括但不限制于：苯基、萘基、四氢萘基。芳基可被任选取代，如可被1-4个选自下组的基团所取代的芳基或杂环：卤素、-CN、-OH、-NO 2、氨基、烷基、环烷基、链烯基、炔基、烷 氧基、芳氧基、取代的烷氧基、烷基羰基、烷基羧基、烷基氨基或芳硫基。
术语“取代”指参考基团可以被一个或多个额外基团所取代，额外基团单独地且独立的选自于，烷基，环烷基，芳基，杂芳基，杂脂环烃，羟基，烷氧基，烷硫基，芳硫基，烷亚砜基，芳亚砜基，烷砜基，芳砜基，氰基，卤基，羰基，硫代羰基，硝基，卤烷基，氟烷基和氨基，包括单取代和双取代的氨基基团及其被保护的衍生物。
本发明所提供的由式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，和包含该化合物的药物组合物可以是多种形式，如片剂、胶囊、粉剂、糖浆、溶液状、悬浮液和气雾剂等，并可以存在于适宜的固体或液体的载体或稀释液中以及适宜的用于注射或滴注的消毒器具中。
本发明的药物组合物的各种剂型可按照药学领域的常规制备方法制备。例如其制剂配方的单位剂量中包含0.05-200mg式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐，优选地，制剂配方的单位剂量中包含0.1mg-100mg式(I)的化合物。
本发明的由通式(I)表示的化合物和药物组合物可对哺乳动物临床使用，包括人和动物，可以通过口、鼻、皮肤、肺、或者胃肠道等的给药途径。最优选为口服。最佳优选日剂量为0.01-200mg/kg体重，一次性服用，或0.01-100mg/kg体重分次服用。不管用何种服用方法，个人的最佳剂量应依据具体的治疗而定。通常情况下是从小剂量开始，逐渐增加剂量一直到找到最适合的剂量。
本发明中，术语“有效量”可指为实现预期的效果所需的剂量和时段的有效的量。此有效量可能因某些因子而产生不同的变化，如疾病的种类或治疗时疾病的病症、被施用的特定标的器官的构造、病人个体大小、或疾病或症状的严重性。本领域具有通常知识者不需要过度实验即可凭经验决定特定化合物的有效量。
典型的配方是通过混合本发明的通式(I)表示的化合物及载体、稀释剂或赋形剂制备而成。适宜的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂是本领域技术人员所熟知的，包括诸如碳水化合物、蜡、水溶性及/或可膨胀性聚合物、亲水性或疏水性物质、明胶、油、溶剂、水等物质。
所用的特定载体、稀释剂或赋形剂，将根据本发明的化合物的使用方式和目的而定。一般以本领域技术人员认为可安全有效地给药至哺乳类动物的溶剂为基础而选择溶剂。一般而言，安全的溶剂是无毒性含水溶剂诸如水，以及其他可溶于水或与水混溶的无毒性溶剂。适宜的含水溶剂包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(如PEG400、PEG300)等中的一种或多种。该配方也可包括一种或多种缓冲剂、安定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、遮光剂、助流剂、加工助剂、着色剂、增甜剂、香料剂、调味剂或其它已知的添加剂，使该药物以可被接受的形式制造或使用。
本发明所述的如式(I)的化合物与至少一种其它药物的组合使用时，两种药物或多种药物可以分开使用也可以组合使用，优选以药学组合物的形式给药。本发明的如式(I)的化合物或药物组合物能以任一已知的口服、静脉注射、直肠给药、阴道给药、透皮吸收、其它局部或全身给药形式，分开或一起给药至受试者。
这些药物组合物亦可含有一种或多种缓冲剂、安定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、遮光剂、助流剂、加工助剂、着色剂、增甜剂、香料剂、调味剂或其它已知的添加剂，使该药物组合物以可被接受的形式制造或使用。
本发明药物优选口服给药途径。用于口服给药的固态剂型可包括胶囊、片剂、粉末或颗粒制剂。在固态剂型中，本发明的化合物或药物组合物与至少一种惰性赋形剂、稀释剂或载剂混合。适宜的赋形剂、稀释剂或载剂包括诸如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙的物质，或淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、硅酸等；粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素、褐藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶等；湿润剂如甘油等；崩解剂如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、褐藻酸、特定的络合硅酸盐、碳酸钠等；溶液阻滞剂如石蜡等；吸收促进剂如季铵化 合物等；吸附剂如高岭土、膨润土等；润滑剂如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固态聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠等。在胶囊与片剂的情况下，该剂型亦可包括缓冲剂。类似类型的固态组合物亦可作为软式与硬式填充明胶胶囊中的填料，其使用乳糖以及高分子量聚乙二醇等作为赋形剂。
用于口服给药的液态剂型包括药学上可接受的乳化液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆液与酏剂。除了本发明的化合物或其药物组合物之外，该液态剂型可含有本领域中常用的惰性稀释剂，诸如水或其他溶剂；增溶剂及乳化剂诸如乙醇、异丙基醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄基酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺；油类(如棉籽油、落花生油、玉米胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、芝麻油等)；甘油；四氢糠基醇；聚乙二醇与脱水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯；或这些物质中的几种的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂之外，该组合物也可包括赋形剂，诸如润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、增甜剂、调味剂与香料剂中的一种或多种。
就悬浮液而言，除了本发明的由通式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者包含其的药物组合物之外，可进一步含有载剂诸如悬浮剂，如乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醣醇、脱水山梨醣醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂及黄耆胶，或这些物质中几种的混合物等。
本发明的由通式(I)表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者包含其的药物组合物可采用其它局部给药剂型给药，包括膏、粉末、喷剂及吸入剂。该药物可在无菌条件下与药学上可接受的赋形剂、稀释剂或载剂以及所需要的任一防腐剂、缓冲剂或推进剂混合。眼用配方、眼用油膏、粉末与溶液，亦意欲涵盖于本发明的范围内。
此外，本公开还涵盖了试剂盒(例如制药包装)。提供的试剂盒可以包含本文所述的药物组合物或化合物和容器(例如，药瓶、安瓿、瓶子、注射器和/或分装包装或其它合适的容器)。在一些实施方式中，提供的试剂盒可以任选地进一步包括第二容器，其包含用于稀释或悬浮本文所述的药物组合物或化合物的药用赋形剂。在一些实施方式中，设置在第一容器和第二容器中的本文所述的药物组合物或化合物组合形成一个单元剂量形式。
在某些实施方式中，本文所述试剂盒进一步包括包含于试剂盒中的用于使用所述化合物或药物组合物的用法说明。本文所述的试剂盒还可以包括管理机构(如美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA))所要求的信息。在某些实施方式中，在试剂盒中包括的信息为处方信息。在某些实施方式中，试剂盒和用法说明提供用于治疗需要其的受试者的增殖性疾病和/或预防需要其的受试者的增殖性疾病。本文所述的试剂盒可以包含一种或多种额外的药物制剂作为单独的组合物。
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明，但本发明不限于以下实施例，实施例是为了更好的阐释本发明的某些具体体现而不能被解释为以任何方式限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明的条件为常规条件。除非特别说明，以下实施例中使用的试剂和仪器均为市售可得产品。
以下实施例中化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或/和质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定使用Bruker AVANCE-400核磁仪，测定溶剂为氘代二甲亚砜(DMSO-d6)、氘代氯仿(CDCl3)、氘代甲醇(CD3OD)，内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
MS的测定用FINNIGAN LCQAd(ESI)质谱仪(生产商：Thermo，型号：Finnigan LCQ advantage MAX)。
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254或青岛GF254硅胶板，薄层色谱法(TLC)使用的硅胶板采用的规格是0.15mm-0.2mm，薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.4mm-0.5mm。
柱层析一般使用烟台黄海硅胶200-300目硅胶为载体。
实施例中无特殊说明，反应的温度为室温，为20摄氏度-30摄氏度。
实施例中的反应进程的检测采用薄层色谱法(TLC)，所使用的展开剂体系，以及纯化化合物采用的柱层析的洗脱机体系包括有：A：二氯甲烷和甲醇体系，B：正己烷和乙酸乙酯体系，C：石油醚和乙酸乙酯体系，D：丙酮和石油醚体系，溶剂的体积比例根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节。
实验中所用缩写语：DCC，二环己基碳二亚胺；TMSI，三甲基碘硅烷；EA，乙酸乙酯；DCM，二氯甲烷；h，小时；DMF，N,N-二甲基酰胺。
参照实施例A：((4-((4-羟基萘基-1-基)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸的制备
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000017
第一步：4-羟甲基-3,5-二甲基苯酚A-2的合成：
将化合物A-1(91.5g,750mmol)、水(525ml)、质量百分比浓度50％的NaOH溶液(30ml)混合，搅拌1h，直至完全澄清。用冰水浴使体系降温至4摄氏度，一次性加入甲醛溶液(50g，618mmol)。保持冰浴搅拌6小时后，自然升温到室温，搅拌12小时。将反应液倒入二氯甲烷(200ml)和乙酸乙酯(200ml)的混合溶液中，滴加浓HCl(56ml)到pH为5，再搅拌6h，过滤收集析出的固体。滤饼用水(50ml)、和二氯甲烷(75ml)洗涤，干燥，得白色固体A-2(40g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OH):6.47(s,2H),4.60(s,2H),2.34(s,6H).
第二步：羟甲基磷酸二异丙酯A-4的合成：
将多聚甲醛(9g，326mmol)和碳酸钾加入异丙醇(90ml)中，升温至50摄氏度后，缓慢滴加亚磷酸二异丙酯(45.2g，272mmol)，维持温度在50摄氏度搅拌2小时。将体系温度降至35摄氏度，过滤，滤饼用异丙醇洗涤两次，合并滤液并减压浓缩。向残留物中加入二氯甲烷(180ml)，分别用1N的盐酸(27ml)，及饱和NaHCO 3(45ml)洗涤，干燥，减压浓缩，得无色液体A-4(53.2g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.53(m,J＝28.0Hz,2H),4.60(m,J＝32.0Hz,2H),3.64(m,J＝12.0Hz,2H),1.24(d,J＝8.0Hz,12H).
第三步：(二异丙氧基磷酸基)甲基-4-甲基苯磺酸酯A-5的合成：
将化合物A-4(49g，250mmol)和三乙胺(69.5ml，500mmol)分别加入到二氯甲烷(150ml)中，用冰浴将体系降温4摄氏度。搅拌下，用滴液漏斗将对甲基苯磺酰氯(50g，263mmol)的二氯甲烷(350ml)溶液缓慢滴入反应液中(控温在10摄氏度以下)，滴完后，保持冰浴继续搅拌2小时。反应液分别用1M盐酸和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(300ml)洗涤，干燥后减压浓缩有机相，柱层析纯化得无色液体A-5(78g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.80(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.36(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),4.78(m,J＝48.0Hz,2H),4.17(m,J＝46.0Hz,3H),2.30(s,1H),1.32(m,J＝24Hz,12H).
第四步：二异丙基((4-(羟甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸酯A-6的合成：
将化合物A-5(35g，100mmol)加入到二甲亚砜(85ml)、化合物A-2(18g，120mmol)和碳酸铯(52g，160mmol)的混合物中，在氮气氛围下升温至55摄氏度，搅拌6小时，冷却。向体系中加入乙酸乙酯(100ml)和质量百分比浓度为1％的氯化钠水溶液(200ml)，分液，有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤，减压浓缩有机相，得棕色油状物A-6(45g)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):6.62(s,2H),4.85(m,J＝32Hz,2H),4.66(s,2H),4.16(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),2.39(s,6H),1.37(m,J＝16.0Hz,12H).
第五步：二异丙基((4-((4-羟基萘-1-基)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸酯A-8的合成：
将化合物A-7(275mg，1.91mmol)加入到化合物A-6(315mg，0.95mmol)的二氯甲烷(3ml)溶液中，用冰浴将体系降温至4摄氏度，滴入三氟乙酸(326mg，2.86mmol)，TLC点板跟踪原料A-6消失。加入水(5ml)，分液，有机相用水(5ml)洗涤，减压浓缩有机相得棕色油状物，加入乙醚(5ml)，周围环境温度为零下18摄氏度，5分钟后转为室温搅拌1h，析出白色固体A-8(100mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.32(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),8.18(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.63(t,J＝12.0Hz,1H),7.56(t,J＝16.0Hz,1H),6.71(s,2H),6.43(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),4.91(m,J＝44.0Hz,2H),4.26(m,J＝12.0Hz,4H),2.15(s,6H),1.40(m,J＝12.0Hz,12H).
第六步：((4-((4-羟基萘基-1-基)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸A的合成
将三甲基氯硅烷(76mg，0.7mmol)滴加到化合物A-8(100mg，0.22mmol)和碘化钾(116mg，0.70mmol)的乙腈(1ml)混合物中，升温至50℃，搅拌反应2小时。加入乙酸乙酯(20ml)和水(20ml)，分液，有机相用饱和食盐水(20ml)洗涤1次，减压浓缩溶剂，得黑色固体。加入水(12ml)，升温至35～40℃，搅拌30分钟，过滤，干燥得褐色固体参照化合物A(35mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.26(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),8.18(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.58(t,J＝16.0Hz,1H),7.48(t,J＝20.0Hz,1H),6.81(m,J＝16.0Hz,2H),6.57(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.36(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),4.26(s,2H),4.23(d,J＝9.0Hz,2H),2.16(s,6H).
MS m/z(ESI):371.1[M-1].
参照实施例B：((4-((4-羟基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000018
采用参照实施例A的合成路线，将第五步合成的原料1-萘酚(A-7)替换为四氢萘酚，可以得到参照化合物B。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD 3OH):6.72(s,2H),6.35(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.04(d,J＝8.0Hz，1H),4.18(d,J＝12.0Hz,2H),3.68(s,2H),2.74(t,J＝4.0Hz,2H),2.67(t,J＝12.0Hz,2H),2.11(s,6H),1.86(m,J＝64.0Hz，4H).
MS m/z(ESI):375.1[M-1].
实施例1：((4-((7-羟基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-位)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸(化合物1)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000019
采用参照实施例A的合成路线，按以下合成方式可以得到化合物1。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000020
第一步：化合物1-2的合成：
将化合物1-1(1.94g，1.0eq)溶解于20mlTHF中，氮气置换反应体系，然后降温至0℃左右，开始缓慢滴加3M的甲基溴化镁，控温在5℃以下，滴加完毕，保温搅拌0.5小时。反应完毕，向反应液中滴加饱和的氯化铵溶液淬灭反应，EA(50ml*3)萃取，EA相水洗(50ml*2)，饱和食盐水(100ml)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩得中间体化合物1-2，2.0g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):7.26-7.17(m,1H),6.81-6.72(m,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.70-2.66(m,2H),1.81-1.77(m,2H),1.28(s,6H).
第二步：化合物1-3的合成：
向反应瓶中加入多聚磷酸(PPA)(2.9g)然后开始搅拌，缓慢加入化合物1-2(582mg)，室温搅拌反应2小时。加入冰水(100ml)淬灭反应，然后EA(100ml*3)萃取，合并EA相，水洗(50ml*2)，饱和食盐水(100ml)，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析得化合物中间体化合物1-3，50mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):7.14-7.10(m,1H),6.80(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.69(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),2.89-2.85(m,2H),1.91-1.88(m,2H),1.36(s,6H).
第三步：化合物1-4的合成：
将化合物1-3(349mg，2mmol)溶于DCM(20ml)中，降温至0℃，滴加BBr 3(2ml)。滴加完毕0℃搅拌反应1h。反应结束后，加入10ml水，EA萃取得有机相，有机相用10ml食盐水洗涤，干燥，浓缩，柱层析得化合物中间体1-4，230mg，不用纯化直接投入下一步反应。
第四步：化合物1-5的合成：
将化合物1-4(220mg，1.4mmol)、A-6(2.0mmol)溶于DCM(5ml)中，降温至-1℃，滴入TFA(307μl，4.1mmol)，搅拌反应1h。反应结束后，加入20ml DCM、10ml水，EA萃取分液得有机相，有机相用10ml水、10ml食盐水分别洗涤。干燥，浓缩，柱层析(PE:EA＝1:1)得化合物1-5(110mg，淡黄色油状物)。
第五步：化合物1的合成：
将化合物1-5(105mg，2.2mmol)、KI(118mg，0.71mmol)、TMSCl(77mg，0.71mmol)溶于乙腈(1ml)中，升温至50℃，搅拌反应2h。反应结束后，加入10ml水和10ml EA萃取得有机相，水相再加入10ml EA萃取，合并有机相，干燥，浓缩，薄层硅胶板制备(DCM:MeOH＝8:1)得化合物1(20mg)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6):6.71(s,2H),6.32(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.09(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),4.03(d,J＝12.0Hz,2H),3.73(s,2H),2.88-2.85(m,2H),1.94-1.91(m,2H),1.37(s,6H).
MS m/z(ESI):389.1[M-1].
实施例2：((4-((7-羟基-1-甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-位)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸(化合物2)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000021
采用实施例1的合成路线，将第四步合成的中间体1-4替换为3-甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-醇，可以得到化合物2。
MS m/z(ESI):375.1[M-1].
实施例3：((4-((4-羟基-5,5-二甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘-1-基)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸(化合物3)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000022
采用实施例1的合成路线可以得到化合物3，其中中间体3-4的合成如下。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000023
第一步：化合物3-2的合成：
将Mg粉(1.56g，65.1mmol)浸没在无水乙醚(10ml)中，加入1粒I 2。先缓慢滴入1/3原料化合物3-1(10g，46.5mmol)的乙醚(10ml)溶液，引发反应后，再缓慢滴入剩余原料化合物3-1，继续微回流0.5h。另一反应瓶中加入CuI(0.66g，3.5mmol)、THF(10ml)，降温至-20℃，滴加制备好的格式试剂，滴加完成后，再滴入二甲基环氧乙烷(5ml，55.8mmol)，反应搅拌2h。反应结束后，加入20ml水淬灭反应，再加入30ml EA萃取得有机相，干燥，浓缩，柱层析(PE:EA＝10:1～1:1)得中间体化合物3-2(4.2g，淡黄色液体)。
第二步：化合物3-3的合成：
将化合物3-1(2.2g，10.6mmol)缓慢滴入PPA(10g)中，控制温度在15～25℃之间，滴加完成后，常温搅拌2h。反应结束后，加入10ml水和10ml乙醚萃取，水相再用乙醚萃取2次。合并有机相，干燥，浓缩，柱层析(PE)得化合物3-3(230mg，淡黄色油状物)。
第三步：化合物3-3的合成：
将化合物3-2(230mg，1.2mmol)溶于DCM(10ml)中，降温至0℃，滴加BBr 3(1ml)，0℃下搅拌反应1h。加入10ml水淬灭反应，再加入10ml DCM萃取得有机相，干燥，浓缩，柱层析(PE:EA＝10:1)得化合物3-4(100mg，淡黄色油状物)。
第四、第五步反应按照实施例1的合成路线可制备得到化合物3。
1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d 6):6.71(s,2H),6.32(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.02(d,J＝12.0Hz,1H),4.04(d,J＝12.0Hz，2H),3.67(s,2H),2.73-2.70(m,2H),2.10(s,6H),1.85-1.78(m,2H),1.67-1.63(m,2H),1.42(s,6H).
MS m/z(ESI):403.1[M-1].
实施例4：((4-((4-羟基-5,5-二甲基-6,7,8,9-四氢-5H-苯并[7]轮烯-1-基)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸(化合物4)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000024
采用实施例1的合成路线可以得到化合物4，其中中间体4-7的合成如下。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000025
第一步：化合物4-2的合成
将化合物4-1(4.4g)投入反应瓶中加入氯仿(30ml)，搅拌降温至0℃，然后开始滴加液溴(3.5g/30ml氯仿)，滴加完毕，室温搅拌0.5h。亚硫酸钠溶液(20ml)淬灭，EA萃取(100ml*3)，水(50ml*2)洗，饱和食盐水(50ml)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，得产 物5.3g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):7.40(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.76(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),6.63-6.60(m,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.67(s,3H),2.71-2.67(m,2H),2.38-2.34(m,2H),1.74-1.63(m,4H).
第二步：化合物4-3的合成
将化合物4-2(5.7g，1.0eq)溶解于THF(30ml)中，加入水(30ml)，搅拌下加入一水合氢氧化锂(3.9g，5.0eq)，搅拌过夜后用4N盐酸调节pH＝2，EA(100ml*3)萃取，水(100ml*2)洗，饱和食盐水(100ml)洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩得化合物4-3:5.3g。
第三步：化合物4-4的合成
向PPA(240g)中滴加化合物4-3(3.6g)，升温至55℃搅拌反应4h。加入冰水(400ml)淬灭，EA(150ml*3)萃取，水(100ml*2)洗，饱和食盐水(100ml)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩得油状化合物4-4：2.4g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):7.54(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.73(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),2.93-2.90(m,2H),2.61-2.60(m,2H),1.76(m,4H).
第四步：化合物4-5的合成
将化合物4-4(1.61g，1.0eq)和乙酸钠(0.5g,1.0eq)投入反应瓶，加入甲醇(8ml)，二氧六环(16ml)及Pd/c(160mg)，H 2置换，氢气气氛下室温搅拌反应过夜。过滤，浓缩，残渣EA(200ml)溶解，水(50ml*2)洗，饱和食盐水(50ml)洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩得黄色油状化合物4-5：1.2g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3):7.29-7.25(m,1H),6.83(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.74(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.75-2.72(m,2H),2.65-2.63(m,2H),1.82-1.80(m,4H).
第五步：化合物4-6的合成
将TiCl 4(7.8g，6.8mmol)溶于DCM(15ml)中，降温至-50℃，加入(CH 3) 2Zn(41ml，0.1M的甲苯溶液)，搅拌0.5h，滴入4-5(1.3g，溶于40ml DCM)，自然升温搅拌过夜。反应结束后，加入50ml水淬灭反应，50ml DCM萃取3次，合并有机相用50ml食盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析得4-6(1g无色液体)。
第六步：化合物4-7的合成
将化合物4-6(1g，4.9mmol)溶于DCM(50ml)，降温至0℃，加入BBr 3(5ml)，常温搅拌1h。反应结束后，加入50ml水淬灭反应，萃取得DCM相，用50ml食盐水洗涤。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，过柱(PE:EA＝100:1～10:1)得化合物4-7(335mg，无色油状物)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD 3OD):6.80-6.76(m,1H),6.56(d,J＝12.0Hz,1H),6.48(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),2.84(brs,2H),1.86-1.75(m,6H),1.46(s,6H).
利用中间体4-7按照实施例1的合成路线可制备得到化合物4。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD 3OD):9.29(s,1H),6.63-6.21(m,2H),6.38(d,J＝12.0Hz,1H),6.12(d,J＝12.0Hz,1H),4.42-4.32(m,1H),3.76-3.69(m,4H),2.61-2.55(m,2H),2.05(s,6H),1.65-1.53(m,6H),1.11(d,J＝8.0Hz,6H).
MS m/z(ESI):417.1[M-1].
实施例5：((4-((7-羟基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-位)氧)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酸(化合物5)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000026
采用类似实施例1的合成路线，可以得到化合物5。
MS m/z(ESI):391.1[M-1].
实施例6：((3,5-二氯-4-((7-羟基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-位)甲基)苯氧基)甲基)磷酸(化合物6)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000027
采用类似实施例1的合成路线，可以得到化合物6。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD 3OD):7.08(s,2H),6.35(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),6.19(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),4.66-4.51(m,2H),4.07-4.02(m,4H),2.90(t,J＝14.7Hz,2H),1.93(t,J＝14.7Hz,2H),1.37(m,6H).
MS m/z(ESI):429.5[M-1].
实施例7：4-(3-氯苯基)-2-((4-((7-羟基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-位)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环己烷2-氧代(化合物7)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000028
采用如下合成路线：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000029
将化合物1(211mg,0.54mmol)和1-(3-氯苯基)丙烷-1,3-二醇(302mg,1.62mmol)溶解在吡啶(1ml)和DMF(5ml)中，室温下加入DCC(334mg,1.62mmol)。加热到70℃搅拌4h。冷却至室温后过滤，浓缩，柱层析分离得到消旋化合物7(100mg)。
MS m/z(ESI):541.1[M+1].
实施例8：((((4-((7-羟基-1,1-二甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-4-位)甲基)-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)甲基)磷酰)双(氧))双(亚甲基)双特戊酰(化合物8)的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000030
采用如下合成路线：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000031
室温下将二异丙基乙胺(140mg,1.08mmol)加入到化合物1(211mg,0.54mmol)的乙腈(10ml)溶液中。加热到40℃后搅拌半小时，然后再加入碘代物8-1(261mg,1.08mmol)继续搅拌过夜。然后继续补加碘代物8-1(261mg,1.08mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(140mg,1.08mmol)，在该温度下继续反应6h。50ml水淬灭反应，萃取得EA相，用50ml食盐水洗涤。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析分离得到消旋化合物7(150mg)。
MS m/z(ESI):619.2[M+1].
实施例9和11：化合物9和11的制备。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000032
采用如下合成路线：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000033
第一步，中间体9-1的合成：
向化合物1(780mg，2mmol)，苯酚(376mg,4mmol)、DCC(1.24g，6mmol)，和DMAP(244mg，2mmol)的混合物中，依次加入DMF(20mL)和吡啶(4ml)，加完后升温至80℃，搅拌反应15小时。冷却后直接减压浓缩溶剂，柱层析得中间体9-1(200mg)。
MS m/z(ESI):465.1[M+1].
第二步，化合物9和11的合成：
冰浴下，向化合物9-1(200mg，0.43mmol)和DMF(32mg，0.43mmol)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液中，慢慢滴加氯化亚砜(1.72mmol)。滴加完成后，将反应体系加热到回流，并搅拌3h。降温至室温，向反应体系加入L-丙氨酸异丙酯盐酸盐(287mg，1.72mmol)和二异丙基乙基胺(222mg，1.72mmol)，保持在室温搅拌15h。加入水(50ml)淬灭反应，用乙酸乙酯(50ml)萃取1次。减压浓缩有机相，经拆分得到化合物9和11。
化合物9结构表征：
MS m/z(ESI):580.1[M+1].
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):8.79(s,1H),7.38-7.34(m,2H),7.23-7.15(m,3H),6.70(m,2H),6.35(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),6.01-5.99(m,1H),5.90-5.84(m,1H),4.78-4.70(m,1H),4.32(d,J＝9.6Hz,2H),4.00-3.93(m,1H),3.66(s,2H),2.84-2.80(m,2H),2.09(s,6H),1.87-1.83(m,2H),1.30(s,6H),1.19(d,J＝6.8Hz,3H),1.10-1.08(m,6H).
实施例10：化合物10的制备
采用类似实施例7的合成路线，可以得到化合物10。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000034
向化合物1(780mg，2mmol)，化合物10-1(1.16g，6mmol)和DCC(1.24g，6mmol)的混合物中依次加入DMF(20mL)，和吡啶(4ml)。加完后升温至70℃，搅拌18小时。减压浓缩溶剂，拆分得化合物10(150mg)。
MS m/z(ESI):541.1[M+1].
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):8.81(s,1H),7.48(s,1H),7.43-7.41(m,3H),6.74(s,2H),6.35(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),6.02(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),5.82(m,1H),4.62-4.38(m,4H),3.66(s,2H),2.86-2.77(m,2H),2.29-2.18(m,2H),2.09(s,6H),1.90-1.80(m,2H),1.30(s,6H).
利用化合物2作为起始原料，按照实施例7-实施例11的合成路线，可以制备得到如下化合物。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000036
测试实施例1：化合物对TRα结合力测试：
1.主要实验材料及仪器：
Envision 2104酶标仪，
生物素-SRC2-2共激活肽购买自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司
TRαLBD,GST购买自赛默飞世尔(货号PV4762)
铕结合抗谷胱甘肽抗体购买自Cisbio(货号61GSTKLB)
链亲和素-D2购买自Cisbio(货号610SADAB)
2.化合物的制备与处理
2.1化合物二甲亚砜储液的制备
所有化合物1至6溶解于二甲亚砜,制备成10毫摩尔的储液。
2.2化合物储存
化合物1至6溶解于二甲亚砜后，于干燥器中室温可存放三个月。长期存放，则置于-20℃冰箱中。
3.实验步骤
3.1制备1x反应缓冲液
3.2化合物的筛选:
a)用100％二甲亚砜将阳性药三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)从10毫摩尔(100X)或待测化合物从1毫摩尔(100X)以1:3进行等比稀释，共10个浓度。
b)用1x反应缓冲液制备4x经过浓度梯度稀释的化合物。
c)加5微升4x经过浓度梯度稀释的化合物到384孔实验板。
d)用1x反应缓冲液制备4X TRαLBD以及4X RXRα。
e)加5微升4x TRαLBD以及4X RXRα到384孔实验板。
f)用1x反应缓冲液制备2X生物素-SRC2-2,2X铕结合抗谷胱甘肽抗体以及2X链亲和素-d2。
g)加10微升2X混合液(参考步骤f)到384孔实验板。
h)将384孔实验板于离心机1000转离心1分钟。
i)室温避光孵育1小时。
j)Envision 2104酶标仪记录384孔实验板每孔665纳米和615纳米波长处荧 光信号值，并计算665纳米/615纳米的荧光比值。
4.数据分析
4.1计算每孔的相对比(比值 665nm/615nm–比值 空白)
4.2活性百分率计算如下:
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000038
实施例化合物孔的相对比的平均值
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000039
所有阳性对照孔的相对比的平均值。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000040
所有阴性对照孔的相对比的平均值。
4.3曲线的绘制和EC50的计算:
用Graphpad 5.0通过非线性回归的方法，对活性(％)和化合物对数浓度的关系进行拟合，来计算EC50。
Y＝底部+(顶部-底部)/(1+10^((LogEC50-X)*坡度))
X:化合物对数浓度Y:百分比活性
具体测试数据见下表1。
测试实施例2：化合物对TRβ结合力测试
1.主要实验材料及仪器：
Envision 2104 酶标仪，
生物素-SRC2-2 共激活肽购买自 生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司
TRβLBD,GST 购买自赛默飞世尔 (货号PV4762)
铕结合抗谷胱甘肽抗体 购买自Cisbio (货号61GSTKLB)
链亲和素-D2 购买自Cisbio(货号610SADAB)
2.化合物的制备与处理
2.1化合物二甲亚砜储液的制备
所有化合物1至6溶解于二甲亚砜,制备成10毫摩尔的储液。
2.2化合物储存
化合物溶解于二甲亚砜后，于干燥器中室温可存放三个月。长期存放，则置于-20℃冰箱中。
3.实验步骤
3.1制备1x反应缓冲液
3.2化合物的筛选:
a)用100％二甲亚砜将阳性药三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)从10微摩尔(100X)或待测化合物从1毫摩尔(100X)以1:3进行等比稀释,共10个浓度。
b)用1x反应缓冲液制备4x经过浓度梯度稀释的化合物。
c)加5微升4x经过浓度梯度稀释的化合物到384孔实验板。
d)用1x反应缓冲液制备4X TRβLBD以及4X RXRβ。
e)加5微升4x TRβLBD以及4X RXRβ到384孔实验板。
f)用1x反应缓冲液制备2X生物素-SRC2-2,2X铕结合抗谷胱甘肽抗体以及2X链亲和素-d2。
g)加10微升2X混合液(参考步骤f)到384孔实验板。
h)将384孔实验板于离心机1000转离心1分钟。
i)室温避光孵育1小时。
j)Envision 2104酶标仪记录384孔实验板每孔665nm和615nm荧光信号值，并计算Ratio 665nm/615nm。
4.数据分析
4.1计算每孔的相对比(比值 665nm/615nm–比值 空白)
4.2活性百分率计算如下:
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000042
实施例化合物孔的相对比的平均值
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000043
所有阳性对照孔的相对比的平均值.
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000044
所有阴性对照孔的相对比的平均值.
4.3曲线的绘制和EC50的计算:
用Graphpad 5.0通过非线性回归的方法，对活性(％)和化合物对数浓度的关系进行拟合，来计算EC50。
Y＝底部+(顶部-底部)/(1+10^((LogEC50-X)*坡度))
X:化合物对数浓度Y:百分比活性
具体测试数据见下表1。选择性算法依据文献(A Pharmacology Primer Techniques for More Effective and Strategic Drug Discovery，4th Edition，Page 220)，与T3标准化后计算所得。
表1化合物对甲状腺素受体β的结合活性如下：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000046
结论：同已公开的对比化合物MB07444相比，本发明的大多数化合物出乎意料的显示了很高的选择性；同时化合物1的THRβ活性大大好于对比化合物MB07444。即使同萘酚类参照化合物A相比，本发明化合物也仍然具有更高的活性和选择性。
测试3：前药在SD大鼠中的药物代谢实验
实验选用12只体重相近的SD雄性大鼠两组，分别口服给予剂量为3mg/kg化合物9、化合物10、对照药物VK2809(MB07444的前药，结构如下所示)，单次给药，在不同的时间点采集血液、肝脏。
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000047
供试品配制
分别配制终浓度为0.6mg/mL的化合物9/化合物10及VK2809的溶液，配制溶剂为PEG 400:纯水＝50:50(v/v)。
组别与剂量
不进行随机分组。给药前测定动物体重，选择体重相近的健康动物纳入实验。口服给予剂量为3mg/kg。
样品采集
尾静脉或颈静脉采血至少0.2mL，抗凝剂：肝素钠。
采集时间
给药后15min、30min、1h、2h、4h、6h、8h、24h。
样品处理
血液样本采集后放置于标记好的冰水浴离心管中，迅速离心分离出血浆，离心条件：3500转/分钟，10分钟，4℃，血浆置于-40℃以下条件保存待测。
肝脏样品采集后，以生理盐水洗净表面，医用纱布拭干后，置于标记好的小型自封袋中，-40℃以下条件保存待测。
样品分析
液相-质谱条件
液相分析条件:
HPLC：LC-20AD XR,SHIMADZU
液相泵：LC-20AD XR
柱温箱：CTO-20A
自动进样器：SIL-20AC XR
控制器：CBM-20A
脱气机：DGU-20A 3R色谱柱：ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 2.1*50mm,3.5μm，Agilent
预柱：保护柱C18 4*2.0mm，Phenomenex
流动相：A：2mM乙酸铵水溶液；
        B：乙腈；
自动进样器洗针液：80％乙腈水溶液
自动进样器洗针程序：冲洗模式：抽吸前后
                 冲洗体积:200μL
                 冲洗速度:35μL/sec
流动相梯度：
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000048
流速：0.75mL/min
自动进样器温度：4℃
进样体积：2μL
运行时间：2.50min
质谱分析条件：
带有ESI源的Q TRAP6500质谱，采用负离子MRM扫描。采用LC-MS/MS分析方法检测血浆、肝脏中化合物9、化合物10及其活性代谢化合物1、VK2809及其活性代谢物MB07444含量。使用代谢动力学数据分析软件WinNonlin 7.0对血浆中的浓度数据进行统计，利用非房室模型法(NCA)计算药代参数。
结果与分析：
在SD大鼠血浆的主要药代动力学参数见下表2：
表2
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000049
结论：大鼠口服给药后，前药化合物9、10能和对照药物VK2809一样能迅速转变成活性母药化合物1。同时，两者在血浆中浓度均不高。
在SD大鼠肝脏中的浓度参数及与血浆中浓度的比较见下表3：
表3
Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-000050
结论：本发明制备的前药化合物10在肝脏中转化成活性代谢药物1的能力远好于VK2809。相同前药剂量下，活性代谢化合物1在肝脏中的绝对浓度至少是对照药物VK2809活性代谢药物MB07444的3倍以上，肝血比也明显优于对照药物。同样，前药化合物9也能在肝脏中快速代谢生成活性代谢化合物1，且其绝对浓度也高于对照药物VK2809。以上数据说明，本发明化合物及其前药是更具有肝靶向特性的药物，具有无可比拟的成药性质。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种以下式(I)表示的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100001
    其中，
    R 1和R 2各自独立地选自卤素原子或C 1-6烷基；
    R 3和R 4各自独立地选自氢，C 1-6烷基，未取代的苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，未取代的萘基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种的取代基取代的萘基，
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100002
    或者R 3、R 4一起与相邻的
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100003
    共同构成如下的六元环
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100004
    其中，V为未取代的五至十元芳基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种取代基取代的五至十元芳基，含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的未取代的五至十元杂芳基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的五至十元杂芳基
    R 5选自H或C 1-6烷基；
    R 6、R 7、R 8各自独立地选自C 1-6烷基；
    X选自-O-或-CH 2-；
    Y选自-O-或-CH 2-；
    Z、Z’各自独立地选自-O-或-NH-；
    L选自-O-、-S-或-CH 2-
    n为1，2或3；
    所述卤素原子选自F、Cl或Br。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 1和R 2各自独立地选自F、Cl、Br或-CH 3。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 1和R 2都是Cl。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 1和R 2都是-CH 3。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 5选自H或-CH 3。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，n为1或2。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，n为1。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和前药，其特征在于，X为-CH 2-。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，Y为-O-。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，V为未取代的苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的未取代的五至六元单环杂芳基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧基的中的至少一种取代基取代的含有1个或2个选自于N、S和O的杂原子的五至六元单环杂芳基。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述化合物具有如下式(II)所示的结构：
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100005
    其中，
    R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n定义如权利要求1所述。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，
    R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
    R 5选自-CH 3；
    X为-CH 2-；
    Y为-O-；
    L为-CH 2-；
    n为1或2。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述化合物具有如下式(III)所示的结构：
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100006
    其中，
    R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n、V定义如权利要求1所述。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，
    R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
    R 5选自-CH 3；
    X为-CH 2-；
    Y为-O-；
    L为-CH 2-；
    n为1或2；
    V为未取代的苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，吡啶基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-3烷基和C 1-3烷氧基的中的至少一种取代基取代的吡啶基。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，V是间氯苯基。
  16. 根根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述化合物具有如下式(IV)所示的结构：
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100007
    其中，
    R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n定义如权利要求1中所述；
    R 3和R 4各自独立地C 1-6烷基，苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，萘基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种取代基取代的萘基，
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100008
    其中R 6选自C 1-6烷基。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在 于，
    R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
    R 5选自-CH 3；
    X为-CH 2-；
    Y为-O-；
    L为-CH 2-；
    n为1或2；
    R 3和R 4都是
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100009
    其中R 6为C 1-6烷基。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，R 3和R 4都是
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100010
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述化合物具有如下式(V)所示的结构：
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100011
    其中，
    R 1、R 2、R 5、X、Y、L、n定义如权利要求1中所述；
    R 4选自C 1-6烷基，苯基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基的中的至少一种取代基取代的苯基，萘基，由选自卤素原子、三氟甲基、C 1-6烷基、C 1-6烷氧基和氰基中的至少一种的取代基取代的萘基，
    R 7、R 8各自独立地选自C 1-6烷基。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，
    R 1和R 2都是-CH 3；
    R 5选自-CH 3；
    X为-CH 2-；
    Y为-O-；
    L为-CH 2-；
    n为1或2；
    R 4为苯基或萘基；
    R 7为甲基；
    R 8为乙基或异丙基。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20中任意一项所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐，其特征在于，所述化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和前药为以下化合物中的一种：
    Figure PCTCN2020121801-appb-100012
  22. 根据权利要求1-21所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐在制备代谢相关疾病或纤维化相关疾病治疗药物中的用途。
  23. 根据权利要22所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐在制备代谢相关疾病或纤维化相关疾病治疗药物中的用途，所述代谢相关疾病选自：肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病，以及非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)，肝脂肪变性、动脉粥样硬化、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌、肝纤维化、肺纤维化。
  24. 根据权利要23所述的化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐在制备代谢相关疾病或纤维化相关疾病治疗药物中的用途，所述代谢相关疾病选自：非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌、肝纤维化、肺纤维化。
  25. 一种药物组合物，所述药物组合物包括治疗有效量的根据权利要求1至21中任意一项所述的化合物及其及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的辅料。
  26. 一种治疗代谢相关疾病的方法，所述方法包括向受试者施用有效量的根据权利要求1至21中任意一项所述的化合物或包含所述化合物及其异构体或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的药物组合物。
  27. 根据权利要26所述的治疗代谢相关疾病的方法，所述代谢相关疾病或纤维化相关疾病选自：肥胖、高脂血症、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病，以及非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)，肝脂肪变性、动脉粥样硬化、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌、肝纤维化、肺纤维化。
  28. 根据权利要27所述的治疗代谢相关疾病的方法，所述代谢相关疾病选自：非酒精性脂肪肝病(NASH)、甲状腺功能减退和甲状腺癌、肝纤维化、肺纤维化。
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