Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
  • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
  • H04B17/318—Received signal strength
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
  • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
  • H04B17/364—Delay profiles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
  • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
  • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W8/00—Network data management
  • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
  • H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
  • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
  • G01S5/0205—Details
  • G01S5/0236—Assistance data, e.g. base station almanac

Definitions

• an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for sending, to a network entity, a report indicating positioning capabilities of the UE, the positioning capabilities indicating a number of positioning calculations that the UE can perform per unit of time, per unit of frequency, or both, means for receiving a request to perform a first set of positioning-related measurements and to report a second set of positioning- related measurements that are associated with a set of PRS resources to be used for the first and second sets of positioning-related measurements, a set of reporting parameters to be used for the reporting, an accuracy configuration, a latency configuration, or any combination thereof, and means for performing the first set of positioning-related measurements of the set of PRS resources and reporting the second set of positioning- related measurements based on the reported positioning capabilities of the UE, the set of PRS resources to be used for the first and second sets of positioning-related measurements, the set of reporting parameters, the accuracy configuration, the latency configuration, or any combination thereof.
• a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions includes the computer-executable instructions comprising at least one instruction instructing a UE to send, to a network entity, a report indicating positioning capabilities of the UE, the positioning capabilities indicating a number of positioning calculations that the UE can perform per unit of time, per unit of frequency, or both, at least one instruction instructing the UE to receive a request to perform a first set of positioning-related measurements and to report a second set of positioning-related measurements that are associated with a set of PRS resources to be used for the first and second sets of positioning-related measurements, a set of reporting parameters to be used for the reporting, an accuracy configuration, a latency configuration, or any combination thereof, and at least one instruction instructing the UE to perform the first set of positioning-related measurements of the set of PRS resources and report the second set of positioning-related measurements based on the reported positioning capabilities of the UE, the set of PRS resources to be used for the first and second sets of positioning
• FIGS. 2 A and 2B illustrate exemplary wireless network structures, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary frame structure, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary technique for estimating a location of a UE using information obtained from a single base stations, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of beamforming wireless signals from a base station to a UE, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• FIG. 12 illustrates various PRS resource configurations per physical resource block (PRB) that a UE may support, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• PRB physical resource block
• the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or UT, a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof.
• AT access terminal
• client device a “wireless device”
• subscriber device a “subscriber terminal”
• a “subscriber station” a “user terminal” or UT
• UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
• external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
• other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and/or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.
• the term “base station” may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located.
• TRP transmission-reception point
• the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station.
• base station refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs
• the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station.
• MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
• the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).
• DAS distributed antenna system
• RRH remote radio head
• the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals (or simply “reference signals”) the UE is measuring.
• RF radio frequency
• the base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170).
• a core network 170 e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)
• EPC evolved packet core
• 5GC 5G core
• the base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110.
• a “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency.
• PCI physical cell identifier
• VCI virtual cell identifier
• CGI cell global identifier
• FIG. 2A illustrates an exemplary wireless network structure 200.
• a 5GC 210 also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC)
• C-plane control plane functions
• U-plane user plane functions
• User plane interface (NG- U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210 and specifically to user plane functions 212 and the control plane functions 214, respectively.
• an ng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the New RAN 220 may only have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs depicted in FIG. 1).
• a “PRS instance” or “PRS occasion” is one instance of a periodically repeated time window (e.g., a group of one or more consecutive slots) where PRS are expected to be transmitted.
• a PRS occasion may also be referred to as a “PRS positioning occasion,” a “PRS positioning instance,” a “positioning occasion,” “a positioning instance,” or simply an “occasion” or “instance.”
• the first alterative is that the periodicity of downlink PRS resources is configured at the downlink PRS resource set level. In this case, a common period is used for downlink PRS resources within a downlink PRS resource set.
• the second alternative is that the periodicity of downlink PRS resources is configured at the downlink PRS resource level. In this case, different periods can be used for downlink PRS resources within a downlink PRS resource set.
• the number of consecutive positioning subframes ( N PR s ) in each of the consecutive PRS positioning occasions 518a, 518b, and 518c equals 4.
• N PRS may specify the number of consecutive positioning subframes per occasion, it may instead specify the number of consecutive positioning slots, based on implementation. For example, in LTE, N PR s specifies the number of consecutive positioning subframes per occasion, whereas in NR, N PR s specifies the number of consecutive positioning slots per occasion.
• a UE may determine the timing of the PRS occasions of the reference and neighbor cells for positioning, if the UE can obtain the cell timing (e.g., SFN) of at least one of the cells, such as a reference cell or a serving cell.
• the timing of the other cells may then be derived by the UE based, for example, on the assumption that PRS occasions from different cells overlap.
• the sequence of subframes used to transmit PRS may be characterized and defined by a number of parameters, comprising: (i) a reserved block of bandwidth (BW), (ii) the PRS configuration index / PR s, (iii) the duration N PR s, (iv) an optional muting pattern, and (v) a muting sequence periodicity JREP that can be implicitly included as part of the muting pattern in (iv) when present.
• BW a reserved block of bandwidth
• BW 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz.
• An expanded PRS with a larger N PRS (e.g., greater than six) and/or a shorter T PR s (e.g., less than 160 ms), up to the full duty cycle (i.e., N PR s T PRS ), may also be used in later versions of the LTE positioning protocol (LPP).
• LPP LTE positioning protocol
• Downlink-and-uplink ToA-based positioning methods include multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as “multi-cell RTT”)
• Downlink angle-based positioning methods include downlink angle-of- departure (DL-AoD) in NR
• uplink angle-based positioning methods include uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA).
• an initiator transmits an RTT measurement signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a responder (a UE or base station), which transmits an RTT response signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the initiator.
• the RTT response signal includes the difference between the ToA of the RTT measurement signal and the transmission time of the RTT response signal, referred to as the reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx) measurement.
• the initiator calculates the difference between the transmission time of the RTT measurement signal and the ToA of the RTT response signal, referred to as the “Tx-Rx” measurement.
• a location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a position estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like.
• a location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location.
• a location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude).
• a location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default level of confidence).
• the base stations 602 may be configured to broadcast reference signals, such as PRS, NRS, TRS, CRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, SSBs, etc., to UEs 604 in their coverage area to enable a UE 604 to measure characteristics of such reference signals.
• reference signals such as PRS, NRS, TRS, CRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, SSBs, etc.
• the UE 604 measures the time difference, known as the RSTD or TDOA, between specific reference signals (e.g., PRS, CRS, CSI-RS, etc.) transmitted by different pairs of network nodes (e.g., base stations 602, antennas/antenna arrays of base stations 602, etc.) and either reports these time differences to a positioning entity, such as the location server 230, LMF 270, or SLP 272, or computes a location estimate itself from these time differences.
• specific reference signals e.g., PRS, CRS, CSI-RS, etc.
• network nodes e.g., base stations 602, antennas/antenna arrays of base stations 602, etc.
• RSTDs are measured between a reference network node (e.g., base station 602-1 in the example of FIG. 6) and one or more neighbor network nodes (e.g., base stations 602-2 and 602-3 in the example of FIG. 6).
• the reference network node remains the same for all RSTDs measured by the UE 604 for any single positioning use of OTDOA/DL-TDOA and would typically correspond to the serving cell for the UE 604 or another nearby cell with good signal strength at the UE 604.
• the neighbor network nodes would normally be cells/TRPs supported by base stations different from the base station for the reference cell/TRP and may have good or poor signal strength at the UE 604.
• the location computation can be based on the measured time differences (e.g., RSTDs) and knowledge of the network nodes’ locations and relative transmission timing (e.g., regarding whether network nodes are accurately synchronized or whether each network node transmits with some known time difference relative to other network nodes).
• a location server may provide positioning assistance data to the UE 604 for the reference network node (e.g., base station 602-1 in the example of FIG. 6) and the neighbor network nodes (e.g., base stations 602-2 and 602-3 in the example of FIG. 6) relative to the reference network node.
• the reference network node e.g., base station 602-1 in the example of FIG. 6
• the neighbor network nodes e.g., base stations 602-2 and 602-3 in the example of FIG.
• the location server may send the assistance data to the UE 604
• the assistance data can originate directly from the network nodes (e.g., base stations 602) themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc.).
• the UE 604 can detect neighbor network nodes itself without the use of assistance data.
• the UE 604 (e.g., based in part on the assistance data, if provided) can measure and (optionally) report the RSTDs between reference signals received from pairs of network nodes.
• the serving base station instructs the UE to, or notifies the UE that it may, scan for / receive the RTT measurement signals from two or more neighboring base stations (and typically the serving base station, as at least three base stations are needed).
• the one or more base stations transmit RTT measurement signals via low reuse resources (e.g., resources used by the base station to transmit system information), allocated by the network (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272).
• the base stations 702 may be configured to broadcast reference signals (e.g., PRS, NRS, CRS, TRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, etc.) to UEs 704 in their coverage area to enable a UE 704 to measure characteristics of such reference signals.
• the UE 704 may measure the ToA of specific reference signals transmitted by at least three different base stations 702 and may use the RTT positioning method to report these ToAs (and additional information) back to the serving base station 702 or another positioning entity (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272).
• additional information may be obtained in the form of an AoA or AoD measurement that defines a straight line direction (e.g., which may be in a horizontal plane or in three dimensions) or possibly a range of directions (e.g., for the UE 704 from the location of a base station 702).
• the intersection of the two directions at or near the point (x, y) can provide another estimate of the location for the UE 704.
• FIG. 7B illustrates an exemplary wireless communications system 700B according to aspects of the disclosure.
• a UE 704 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein) is attempting to calculate an estimate of its location, or assist another positioning entity (e.g., a serving base station or core network component, another UE, a location server, a third party application, etc.) to calculate an estimate of its location.
• the UE 704 may communicate wirelessly with a base station (BS) 702 (e.g., any of the base stations described herein) using RF signals and standardized protocols for the modulation of the RF signals and the exchange of information packets.
• BS base station
• the location of the base station 702 may be provided to the UE 704 by the base station 702 or a location server with knowledge of the base station’s 702 location (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272). Otherwise, the location of the base station 702 should be known to the base station 702 or the location server.
• a location server with knowledge of the base station’s 702 location (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272). Otherwise, the location of the base station 702 should be known to the base station 702 or the location server.
• the positioning entity can solve for the location of the UE 704 using the angle to the UE 704 (from the AoD positioning procedure), the distance to the UE 704 (from the RTT positioning procedure), and the known location of the base station 702. Where only the measurements from the RTT and AoD positioning procedures were reported, the positioning entity first calculates the distance and angle between the base station 702 and the UE 704 and then calculates the location of the UE 704 using those results.
• the base station 802 may be utilizing beamforming to transmit a plurality of beams 811 - 815 of RF signals.
• Each beam 811 - 815 may be formed and transmitted by an array of antennas (e.g., a TRP) of the base station 802.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a base station 802 transmitting five beams, as will be appreciated, there may be more or fewer than five beams, and beam shapes, such as peak gain, width, and side- lobe gains, may differ amongst the transmitted beams.
• a beam index may be assigned to each of the plurality of beams 811 - 815 for purposes of distinguishing RF signals associated with one beam from RF signals associated with another beam.
• the RF signals associated with a particular beam of the plurality of beams 811 - 815 may carry a beam index indicator.
• a beam index may also be derived from the time of transmission (e.g., frame, slot, and/or OFDM symbol number) of the RF signal.
• the beam index indicator may be, for example, a three-bit field for uniquely distinguishing up to eight beams. If two different RF signals having different beam indices are received, this would indicate that the RF signals were transmitted using different beams.
• the NLOS data stream 823 is not originally directed at the UE 804, although, as will be appreciated, it could be. However, it reflects off a reflector 840 (e.g., a building) and reaches the UE 804 without obstruction, and therefore, may still be a relatively strong RF signal. In contrast, the LOS data stream 824 is directed at the UE 804 but passes through an obstruction 830 (e.g., vegetation, a building, a hill, a disruptive environment such as clouds or smoke, etc.) that may significantly degrade the RF signal.
• an obstruction 830 e.g., vegetation, a building, a hill, a disruptive environment such as clouds or smoke, etc.
• the base station 902 may perform a “beam sweep” by transmitting first beam 902a, then beam 902b, and so on until lastly transmitting beam 902h.
• the base station 902 may transmit beams 902a-902h in some pattern, such as beam 902a, then beam 902h, then beam 902b, then beam 902g, and so on.
• each antenna array may perform a beam sweep of a subset of the beams 902a-902h.
• each of beams 902a-902h may correspond to a single antenna or antenna array.
• the UE 904 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 902 on one or more receive beams 904a, 904b, 904c, 904d.
• the beams illustrated in FIG. 9 represent either transmit beams or receive beams, depending on which of the base station 902 and the UE 904 is transmitting and which is receiving.
• the UE 904 may transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 902 on one or more of the beams 904a-904d, and the base station 902 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 904 on one or more of the beams 902a-902h.
• the UE prunes the CERs across cells to determine the ToAs of the PRS beams.
• the ToAs can be used to estimate the position of the UE using, for example, OTDOA/DL-TDOA (as illustrated in FIG. 6), RTT (as illustrated in FIG. 7A), DL-AoD (as illustrated in FIG. 7B), etc.
• the UE can estimate its position based on the ToAs if it has been provided with a base station almanac (BSA).
• BSA base station almanac
• the network can estimate the position of the UE if the UE reports the ToAs to the network.
• each base station e.g., eNB
• each base station e.g., gNB
• X PRS resources i.e., X PRS beams
• TDD time-division duplex
• CMCC China Mobile Communication Corporation
• the FFT size is 2K, whereas in 5G, the FFT size is 8K (to allow quadradic interpolation).
• there are 16 REs/PRBs per PRS resource specifically, 8 symbols with comb-6).
• the potential worst case may be six symbols times six REs/symbols for 36 REs/PRBs per PRS resource.
• the potential worst case increase in complexity between LTE and NR could be greater than 1000 times.
• the UE may be configured with a CSI report setting in RRC signaling, wherein the CSI report setting may contain a parameter (e.g., ReportQuantity ) to indicate one or more CSI-related quantities to report in which component carrier (e.g., CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, Ll-RSRP, etc.), as well as which uplink channel should be used to carry the reported CSI-related quantities (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), etc.).
• a parameter e.g., ReportQuantity
• component carrier e.g., CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, Ll-RSRP, etc.
• uplink channel e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), etc.
• An aperiodic CSI report occupies CPU(s) from the first symbol after the PDCCH triggering the CSI report until the last symbol between Z 3 symbols after the first symbol after the PDCCH triggering the CSI report and Z 3 symbols after the last symbol of the latest one of each CSI-RS/SSB resource for channel measurement for Ll-RSRP computation.
• report parameters may include a positioning reference indicator (PRI), RSRP, the difference between the reception of a downlink reference signal and the transmission of an uplink reference signal at the UE (i.e., the “UE Rx-Tx” measurement), RSTD, RSRP per path, multiple RSTDs, downlink AoA / zenith of arrival (ZoA).
• PRI positioning reference indicator
• RSRP the difference between the reception of a downlink reference signal and the transmission of an uplink reference signal at the UE
• RSTD the difference between the reception of a downlink reference signal and the transmission of an uplink reference signal at the UE (i.e., the “UE Rx-Tx” measurement)
• RSTD the difference between the reception of a downlink reference signal and the transmission of an uplink reference signal at the UE
• RSRP the difference between the reception of a downlink reference signal and the transmission of an uplink reference signal at the UE
• RSTD the difference between the reception of a downlink reference signal and
• the CSI framework described above is not for positioning. For example, there are many fewer REs for CSI processing (e.g., one to three REs per slot) than are needed for PRS processing (e.g., at least six REs per port).
• Typical PRS processing includes symbol processing, slot processing, occasion processing, and peak(s) detection.
• Symbol processing includes tone extraction, phase rotation, descrambling, and scaling.
• Slot processing includes tone-combining, de-staggering, and IFFT (depending on the corresponding report).
• Occasion processing includes coherent integration across consecutive slots. Peak(s) detection includes identifying the ToA(s) of the PRS.
• FIG. 11 is a diagram of an exemplary PRS processing method 1100, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• the receiver e.g., a UE
• the conversion of the received RF signals to the time domain is referred to as estimation of the channel energy response (CER) or channel impulse response (CIR).
• CER shows the peaks on the channel over time, and the earliest “significant” peak should therefore correspond to the ToA of the RF signal.
• the receiver will use a noise-related quality threshold to filter out spurious local peaks, thereby presumably correctly identifying significant peaks on the channel.
• the receiver may choose a ToA estimate that is the earliest local maximum of the CER that is at least X decibels (dB) higher than the median of the CER and a maximum Y dB lower than the main peak on the channel.
• the receiver determines the CER for each RF signal from each transmitter in order to determine the ToA of each RF signal from the different transmitters.
• the UE may receive the time-domain RF signal at one or more of antennas 316.
• the subsequent stages i.e., FFT stage 1110, correlation stage 1120, IFFT stage 1130, earliest peak detection stage 1140
• the time needed to perform PRS processing may depend on the parameters / characteristics noted above, specifically: (1) the number of REs allocated to carry PRS, (2) whether the position estimate is UE-assisted or EE-based, (3) which parameters are to be measured and/or reported, and (4) how quickly the calculations are to be performed.
• the EE can report to the network, as a positioning capability of the EE, the number of PPUs it can support/perform (and thereby the number of positioning calculations it can support/perform per unit of time/frequency).
• the number of PPUs a EE can perform may depend on various factors. For example, as noted above, the number of PPUs may be a function of the maximum number of REs the EE can process simultaneously for PRS resources.
• the number of REs can be defined per millisecond (e.g., a PPU may indicate that the EE can simultaneously process up to 1000 REs per millisecond across all PRS resources), per slot (e.g., a PPU may indicate that the EE can process up to 48 REs per slot), per occasion, per PRB, or per PRS bandwidth.
• a PPU indicates the maximum number of REs a EE can process simultaneously
• the network configures the EE to process PRS on more REs than the EE is capable of, the EE will ignore the additional REs. For example, if the EE reports a PPU that indicates it can process six REs per PRB and a base station transmits PRS on more than six REs per PRB, the EE will ignore the additional REs and only process six.
• the EE can report the number of PPUs it can support in a ProvideCapabilities LPP message, similar to the OTDOA-ProvideCapabilities LPP message.
• a field could be added that would depend on the definition of a PPU.
• PPUs can be defined across all PRS resources in a single component carrier (across all base stations), or across all PRS resources across all component carriers (across all base stations). For example, if the EE indicates (via a PPU) that it can process up to 60 PRS REs on a single component carrier, but the PRS REs transmitted on that component carrier by one or more base stations total more than 60, the UE will ignore the additional PRS REs. Similarly, as another example, if the UE indicates (via a PPU) that it can process up to 60 PRS REs across all component carriers, but the PRS REs transmitted across all component carriers by one or more base stations is greater than 60, the UE will ignore PRS REs above the 60 that it can support.
• a UE may explicitly indicate the number of PRS REs it can process simultaneously in a PPU, as described above, or may implicitly indicate the number of PRS REs. For example, rather than reporting the number of PRS REs it can support, the UE can report the number of symbols and comb-type per PRB that it can simultaneously process. The number of symbols reported is the number of consecutive symbols the UE is capable of processing, and the comb-type indicates the number of subcarriers within each symbol that the UE is capable of processing. For example, a comb-type of comb-4 means that the UE is capable of processing a PRS RE every fourth subcarrier of a given symbol.
• FIG. 12 illustrates various PRS resource configurations per PRB that a UE may support, according to aspects of the disclosure.
• Each exemplary PRS resource (e.g., transmit beam) configuration illustrated in FIG. 12 is a different combination of comb- type and number of symbols per PRB of the resource.
• the x-axis of each graph in FIG. 12 represents time, and the y-axis represents frequency.
• Each block of each PRB in FIG. 12 represents an RE.
• each RE is comprised of one symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain.
• a UE may be capable of / configured to measure PRS transmitted on REs in two consecutive symbols with a comb-type of comb-4.
• a UE may be capable of / configured to measure PRS transmitted on REs in two consecutive symbols, but with a comb-type of comb-2.
• the UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the PRS configuration 1220 than to measure the PRS configuration 1210, as the UE will have to measure REs on twice as many subcarriers per symbol for PRS configuration 1220 as for PRS configuration 1210.
• PRS are transmitted and/or measured in REs over four consecutive symbols with a comb-type of comb-4.
• PRS are transmitted and/or measured in REs over four consecutive symbols with a comb-type of comb-2.
• the UE would need to have higher capabilities to measure the PRS configuration 1240 than to measure the PRS configuration 1230, as the UE will have to measure REs on twice as many subcarriers per symbol for PRS configuration 1240 as for PRS configuration 1230.
• the UE may dedicate one PPU for PRS REs across two symbols with comb-2 (e.g., PRS configuration 1220), or across four symbols with comb-4 (e.g., PRS configuration 1230), or across six symbols with comb-6.
• the UE may dedicate two PPUs for PRS REs on four symbols with comb-2 (i.e., double the number of PRS REs on two symbols with comb- 2).
• the UE may dedicate two PPUs for PRS REs on four symbols with comb-2 (i.e., double the number of PRS REs on two symbols with comb-2) for configured PRS resource bandwidth for every 10 MHz of configured PRS resources or processed PRS resource bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz).
• the UE may dedicate two PPUs for PRS REs on six symbols with comb-4 (i.e., approximately double the number of PRS REs on four symbols with comb-4) for configured PRS resource bandwidth for every 10 MHz of configured PRS resources or processed PRS resource bandwidth. That is, a PPU may define the number of PRS REs a UE can simultaneously process for X (e.g., 10) MHz of the total PRS bandwidth. The UE will ignore PRS REs outside of the specified bandwidth.
• a EE may be able to process 20 PRS resources (e.g., 20 transmit beams) within a slot/millisecond/subframe/etc., whereas if it is configured to report Ll-RSRP, it may be able to process 10 PRS resources within a slot/millisecond/occasion/etc., whereas again, if it is configured to report the RSTD of multiple peaks, it may only be able to process four PRS resources within a slot/millisecond/occasion/etc.
• 20 PRS resources e.g., 20 transmit beams
• Ll-RSRP Ll-RSRP
• an LPP ProvideCapabilities message may contain multiple such fields (e.g., Number OffiPUsLow Accuracy, NumberOfl’l’l IsHighA ecu racy) and the EE would report both.
• the positioning processing capability, or assignment of PPUs may also depend on the required latency between the latest PRS occasion and the reporting of the positioning measurements (in UE-assisted mode) or the UE location (in UE-based mode).
• the UE may only be expected to report updated RSTD/UE Rx- Tx/Ll-RSRP values using the PRS occasion ending on symbol/slot “X,” if the report is being sent on a PUSCH that is at least X+n away (where n is some number of symbols/slots).
• n may be different.
• FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary method 1300 of wireless communication, according to various aspects of the disclosure.
• the method 1300 may be performed by a UE (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).
• the UE sends, to a network entity (e.g., a (serving) base station/TRP/cell, a location server, such as location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272), a report indicating positioning capabilities of the UE, the positioning capabilities indicating a number of positioning calculations that the UE can perform per unit of time, per unit of frequency, or both (i.e., the number of PPUs the UE can support).
• a network entity e.g., a (serving) base station/TRP/cell, a location server, such as location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272
• a report indicating positioning capabilities of the UE the positioning capabilities indicating a number of positioning calculations that the UE can perform per unit of time, per unit of frequency, or both (i.e., the number of PPUs the UE can support).
• operation 1310 may be performed by the WWAN transceiver 310, the processing system 332, the memory component 340, and/or PPU
• the UE receives a request to perform a first set of positioning-related measurements and to report a second set of positioning-related measurements that are associated with a set of PRS resources to be used for the first and second sets of positioning-related measurements, a set of reporting parameters to be used for the reporting, an accuracy configuration, a latency configuration, or any combination thereof.
• operation 1320 may be performed by the WWAN transceiver 310, the processing system 332, the memory component 340, and/or PPU manager 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.
• the set of reporting parameters may include an RSRP parameter, a UE Rx- Tx measurement, a ToA, an RSTD parameter, a location of the UE, a reception angle, PRS resource identifiers, PRS resource set identifiers, timestamps during which the second set of positioning-related measurements are valid, or any combination thereof.
• the first set of positioning-related measurements may include the RSRP parameter, the UE Rx-Tx measurement, the ToA, the RSTD parameter, the location of the UE, the reception angle, the PRS resource identifiers, the PRS resource set identifiers, the timestamps during which the second set of positioning-related measurements are valid, or any combination thereof.
• the second set of positioning-related measurements may include the RSRP parameter, the UE Rx-Tx measurement, the ToA, the RSTD parameter, the location of the UE, the reception angle, the PRS resource identifiers, the PRS resource set identifiers, the timestamps during which the second set of positioning- related measurements are valid, or any combination thereof.
• a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
• a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
• a software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
• An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
• the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
• the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
• the ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE).
• the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
• the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
• Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
• a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
• such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD- ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
• any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
• the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
• the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
• Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

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• 2020
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