WO2021027638A1 - 一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器 - Google Patents

一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027638A1
WO2021027638A1 PCT/CN2020/106862 CN2020106862W WO2021027638A1 WO 2021027638 A1 WO2021027638 A1 WO 2021027638A1 CN 2020106862 W CN2020106862 W CN 2020106862W WO 2021027638 A1 WO2021027638 A1 WO 2021027638A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
angular velocity
imu
yaw
data
yaw angular
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PCT/CN2020/106862
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张添保
李颖杰
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深圳市道通智能航空技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021027638A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027638A1/zh
Priority to US17/649,831 priority Critical patent/US20220155800A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/08Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
    • G05D1/0808Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft
    • G05D1/0816Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft to ensure stability
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
    • G01C21/165Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
    • G01C21/1654Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments with electromagnetic compass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plant in aircraft; Aircraft characterised thereby
    • B64D27/02Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plant
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
    • G01C21/165Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/20Instruments for performing navigational calculations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C39/00Aircraft not otherwise provided for
    • B64C39/02Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use
    • B64C39/024Aircraft not otherwise provided for characterised by special use of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13Flying platforms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U10/00Type of UAV
    • B64U10/10Rotorcrafts
    • B64U10/13Flying platforms
    • B64U10/14Flying platforms with four distinct rotor axes, e.g. quadcopters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20Rotors; Rotor supports
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64UUNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10Propulsion
    • B64U50/19Propulsion using electrically powered motors

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of aircraft, and in particular to a method, device and aircraft for fusion of yaw angle.
  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicle also known as UAVs
  • UAVs Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • the various actions (or attitudes) of the unmanned aerial vehicle are usually realized by controlling the different rotation speeds of multiple driving motors in the power unit of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the yaw angle is an important parameter in controlling the flight attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle. That is, the yaw angle fusion of the unmanned aerial vehicle is particularly important for the attitude control of the unmanned aerial vehicle. If it is large, or the fusion accuracy is low, the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot fly in the preset direction or trajectory, and the pan phenomenon may occur in the worst case, and the aircraft may even become unstable and blow up.
  • the yaw angle fusion of aircraft generally adopts complementary filtering schemes. By integrating multiple sensor information, complementing each other's weaknesses, weight scheduling and mutual correction methods are used for data fusion.
  • weight scheduling and mutual correction methods are used for data fusion.
  • only one filter has a large error, and it is difficult to ensure the stability and fusion accuracy of the yaw angle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a yaw angle fusion method, device and aircraft, which solves the technical problem of large primary complementary filtering error and improves the yaw angle fusion accuracy and stability.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a yaw angle fusion method, which is applied to an aircraft, and the method includes:
  • IMU data includes IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information
  • GPS data includes GPS speed information and GPS acceleration information
  • the determining the yaw angular velocity correction amount according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data includes:
  • the determining the first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information includes:
  • a vector included angle is calculated for the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system and the horizontal acceleration information, and the vector included angle is used as the first yaw angular velocity error value.
  • the method before performing coordinate transformation on the IMU data to generate the IMU acceleration information in a ground coordinate system, the method further includes:
  • the performing coordinate transformation on the IMU data to generate the IMU acceleration information in a ground coordinate system includes:
  • the determining the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity according to the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value includes:
  • the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value in the ground coordinate system are summed, and the sum result is used as the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity.
  • the determining the second yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS velocity information includes:
  • Integrating the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information Integrating the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information
  • the determining the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity includes:
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle is determined.
  • the determining the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the first product value and the second product value includes:
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle is determined.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a yaw angle fusion device, which is applied to an aircraft, and the device includes:
  • An acquisition module for acquiring magnetometer data, IMU data, and GPS data, where the IMU data includes IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information, and the GPS data includes GPS speed information and GPS acceleration information;
  • the yaw angular velocity correction amount module is used to determine the yaw angular velocity correction amount according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data;
  • the first yaw angular velocity error value module is configured to determine the first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information;
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity module is used to determine the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity according to the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value;
  • the second yaw angular velocity error value module is configured to determine the second yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS speed information;
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle module is used to determine the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity.
  • the yaw angular velocity correction amount module is specifically used for:
  • the first yaw angular velocity error value module is specifically used for:
  • a vector included angle is calculated for the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system and the horizontal acceleration information, and the vector included angle is used as the first yaw angular velocity error value.
  • the device further includes:
  • the stationary flag module is used to generate a stationary flag according to the IMU data, wherein the stationary flag is used to reflect whether the aircraft is in a stationary state;
  • IMU offset data difference module configured to obtain offset data of IMU data according to the IMU data and the static flag bit; obtain the difference between the IMU data and the offset data of the IMU data;
  • the first yaw angular velocity error value module is specifically used for:
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity module is specifically used for:
  • the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value in the ground coordinate system are summed, and the sum result is used as the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity.
  • the second yaw angular velocity error value module is specifically used for:
  • Integrating the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information Integrating the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle module includes:
  • the first angular velocity difference unit is used to calculate the difference between the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the last moment to determine the first angular velocity difference;
  • the second angular velocity difference unit is used to calculate the difference between the second yaw angular velocity error value and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the last moment to determine the second angular velocity difference;
  • a weight unit configured to determine a first weight and a second weight according to the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference
  • a weight proportional coefficient unit configured to perform normalization processing on the first weight and the second weight to generate a first weight proportional coefficient and a second weight proportional coefficient
  • a first product value unit configured to multiply the initial complementary fusion yaw rate and the first weight ratio coefficient to generate a first product value
  • a second product value unit configured to integrate the second yaw angular velocity error value and the second weight ratio coefficient to generate a second product value
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle unit is configured to determine the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the first product value and the second product value.
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle unit is specifically used for:
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle is determined.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an aircraft, including:
  • An arm connected to the fuselage
  • a power device which is provided on the arm and used to provide power for the aircraft to fly;
  • the flight controller is located on the fuselage
  • the flight controller includes:
  • At least one processor and,
  • a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor; wherein,
  • the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the yaw angle fusion method described above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to enable the aircraft to execute the above The fusion method of the yaw angle.
  • the beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is that, different from the prior art, the yaw angle fusion method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to an aircraft, and the method includes: acquiring magnetometer data, IMU data, and GPS data, the IMU data includes IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information, the GPS data includes GPS velocity information and GPS acceleration information; according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data, determine the yaw angular velocity correction amount; according to The IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information determine a first yaw angular velocity error value; according to the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value, determine Initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity; according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS speed information, determine the second yaw angular velocity error value; according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the second yaw angular velocity Error value to determine the final
  • Figure 1 is a specific structural diagram of an aircraft provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a method for fusion of yaw angles according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of a secondary complementary filtering algorithm in Fig. 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of another secondary complementary filtering algorithm in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for fusion of yaw angles according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed flowchart of step S20 in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed flowchart of step S30 in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed flowchart of step S50 in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed flowchart of step S60 in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed flowchart of step S67 in FIG. 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a yaw angle fusion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the final complementary fusion yaw angle module in Fig. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an aircraft provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the power plant in Fig. 14.
  • the yaw angle fusion method provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to various movable objects driven by motors or motors, including but not limited to aircraft, robots, and the like.
  • the aerial vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), unmanned aerial vehicle, etc.
  • the yaw angle fusion method in the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a flight controller of an aircraft.
  • FIG. 1 is a specific structure diagram of an aircraft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the aircraft 10 includes a fuselage 11, an arm 12 connected to the fuselage 11, a power device 13 provided on the arm 12, and a pan/tilt 14 connected to the bottom of the fuselage 11 , A camera 15 installed on the pan/tilt 14 and a flight controller (not shown) installed in the fuselage 11.
  • the flight controller is connected to the power device 13, and the power device 13 is installed on the fuselage 11 to provide flight power for the aircraft 10.
  • the flight controller is used to execute the above-mentioned yaw angle fusion method to correct the yaw angle of the aircraft, and generate a control command based on the fused yaw angle of the aircraft, and send the control command to the electric power unit 13
  • the ESC controls the drive motor of the power unit 13 through the control command.
  • the flight controller is used to execute the yaw angle fusion method to correct the yaw angle of the aircraft, and send the corrected yaw angle of the aircraft to the ESC, and the ESC generates control commands according to the corrected yaw angle of the aircraft , And control the drive motor of the power unit 13 through the control command.
  • the fuselage 11 includes a central shell and one or more arms connected to the central shell, and the one or more arms extend radially from the central shell.
  • the connection between the arm and the center housing can be an integral connection or a fixed connection.
  • the power unit is installed on the arm.
  • the flight controller is used to execute the above-mentioned yaw angle fusion method to correct the yaw angle of the aircraft, and generate a control command according to the corrected yaw angle of the aircraft, and send the control command to the ESC of the power unit for ESC
  • the drive motor of the power plant is controlled by this control command.
  • the controller is a device with certain logic processing capabilities, such as a control chip, a single-chip microcomputer, and a microcontroller unit (MCU).
  • the power unit 13 includes: an ESC, a drive motor and a propeller.
  • the ESC is located in the cavity formed by the arm or the center housing.
  • the ESC is connected to the controller and the drive motor respectively.
  • the ESC is electrically connected to the drive motor, and is used to control the drive motor.
  • the driving motor is installed on the arm, and the rotating shaft of the driving motor is connected to the propeller.
  • the propeller generates a force for moving the aircraft 10 under the driving of the driving motor, for example, a lift force or a thrust force for moving the aircraft 10.
  • the completion of various prescribed speeds and actions (or attitudes) of the aircraft 10 is achieved by controlling the drive motor through an ESC.
  • the full name of the ESC is electronic governor, which adjusts the rotation speed of the driving motor of the aircraft 10 according to the control signal.
  • the controller is the executive body that executes the above-mentioned yaw angle fusion method, and the ESC controls the driving motor based on the control instructions generated by the fusion yaw angle of the aircraft.
  • the principle of the ESC to control the drive motor is roughly as follows: the drive motor is an open-loop control element that converts electrical pulse signals into angular displacement or linear displacement.
  • the speed and stop position of the drive motor depends only on the frequency and pulse number of the pulse signal, and is not affected by load changes.
  • the drive receives a pulse signal, it drives the drive motor of the power unit Rotate a fixed angle in the set direction, and its rotation runs at a fixed angle. Therefore, the ESC can control the angular displacement by controlling the number of pulses, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning; at the same time, the speed and acceleration of the driving motor can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, so as to achieve the purpose of speed regulation.
  • the main functions of the aircraft 10 are aerial photography, real-time image transmission, and detection of high-risk areas.
  • a camera component is connected to the aircraft 10.
  • the aircraft 10 and the camera assembly are connected by a connecting structure, such as a vibration damping ball.
  • the camera component is used to obtain a shooting picture during the aerial photography of the aircraft 10.
  • the camera component includes: a pan-tilt and a camera.
  • the gimbal is connected to the aircraft 10.
  • the photographing device is mounted on the pan/tilt.
  • the photographing device may be an image acquisition device for collecting images.
  • the photographing device includes but is not limited to a camera, a video camera, a camera, a scanner, a camera phone, etc.
  • the pan/tilt is used to mount the camera to realize the fixation of the camera, or to adjust the posture of the camera at will (for example, change the height, inclination and/or direction of the camera) and to keep the camera stably in the set posture on.
  • the pan/tilt is mainly used to stably maintain the camera in a set posture, to prevent the camera from shaking and ensure the stability of the camera.
  • the gimbal 14 is connected with the flight controller to realize data interaction between the gimbal 14 and the flight controller. For example, the flight controller sends a yaw command to the gimbal 14. The gimbal 14 obtains and executes the speed and direction command of the yaw, and sends the data information generated after the yaw command is executed to the flight controller for the flight controller Detect current yaw status.
  • PTZ includes: PTZ motor and PTZ base.
  • the gimbal motor is installed on the base of the gimbal.
  • the flight controller can also control the gimbal motor through the ESC of the power unit 13. Specifically, the flight controller is connected to the ESC, and the ESC is electrically connected to the gimbal motor.
  • the flight controller generates the gimbal motor control command, and the ESC passes PTZ motor control commands to control the PTZ motor.
  • the gimbal base is connected with the fuselage of the aircraft, and is used to fix the camera assembly on the fuselage of the aircraft.
  • the gimbal motors are respectively connected with the gimbal base and the camera.
  • the pan/tilt may be a multi-axis pan/tilt. To adapt to this, there are multiple pan/tilt motors, that is, one pan/tilt motor is provided for each axis. On the one hand, the pan/tilt motor can drive the rotation of the shooting device, so as to meet the adjustment of the horizontal rotation and pitch angle of the shooting shaft.
  • the rotation of the pan/tilt motor cancels the disturbance of the camera in real time, prevents the camera from shaking, and ensures the stability of the shooting picture.
  • the camera is mounted on the pan/tilt, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is provided on the camera.
  • the inertial measurement unit is a device for measuring the three-axis attitude angle (or angular velocity) and acceleration of an object.
  • a three-axis gyroscope and three-directional accelerometers are installed in an IMU to measure the angular velocity and acceleration of the object in three-dimensional space, and to calculate the posture of the object.
  • the IMU should be installed on the center of gravity of the aircraft.
  • the yaw angle of the aircraft is an important parameter in controlling the attitude of the aircraft, and it is necessary to control the driving motor based on the yaw angle of the aircraft.
  • the magnetometer In the indoor environment, since there is no GPS information correction, the magnetometer is also seriously interfered, which leads to the lack of sufficient available information to correct the yaw angle. Moreover, due to the drift characteristics of the gyroscope integral itself, it is indoors When flying or hovering, the aircraft is prone to yaw angle deviation.
  • the main purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a yaw angle fusion method, device, and aircraft, which can correct the yaw angle of the aircraft through secondary complementary fusion, and solve the problem of long-term flight or In situations such as flying with a long time turning the yaw angle, only one filter has the problem of large errors, thereby improving the fusion accuracy and stability of the yaw angle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention obtains GPS data, IMU data, and magnetometer data, and uses data from multiple sensors for correction as much as possible. After the first complementary filtering, the second complementary filtering is performed for compensation, which can ensure the stability of the filtering. .
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a yaw angle fusion method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the longitude and latitude information look-up table is performed, and the magnetometer data is signal-processed to obtain the magnetic north error angle.
  • the magnetic north pole error angle generates the yaw angular velocity correction amount by the feedback controller, and obtains the IMU angular velocity through the IMU data, and obtains the yaw angular velocity compensation amount through the GPS data and the IMU data.
  • Angular velocity correction, IMU angular velocity, and yaw angular velocity compensation are fused to generate the initial complementary fusion yaw angle, and by integrating the IMU acceleration, and normalizing the integrated velocity, the GPS velocity is normalized
  • One is to calculate the vector angle of the normalized speed, to differentiate the vector angle to generate a second yaw angular velocity error value, and to merge the initial complementary yaw angle and the second yaw angle.
  • the yaw angular velocity error value is subjected to secondary complementary filtering to obtain the final yaw angular velocity, and the final yaw angular velocity is integrated to obtain the final complementary fusion yaw angle.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a secondary complementary filtering algorithm in FIG. 2;
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity is filtered and the outlier processing is performed, and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity is eliminated, and the initial complementary fusion yaw
  • the angular velocity and the final yaw angular velocity are calculated by the vector included angle to obtain the first angular velocity difference, and the second angular velocity difference is obtained by solving the vector included angle between the second yaw angular velocity error value and the final yaw angular velocity.
  • the weights are calculated by the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference, and the first weight and the second weight are respectively generated, and the first weight and the second weight are normalized according to the weight After the normalized processing, the first weight and the second weight are respectively processed with their corresponding initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity or the second yaw angular velocity error value to generate the first product value and the second
  • the product value is to fuse the first product value and the second product value to generate the final yaw angular velocity.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another secondary complementary filtering algorithm in FIG. 2;
  • the secondary complementary filtering algorithm in Figure 4 is mostly similar to the secondary complementary filtering algorithm in Figure 3, and will not be repeated here. The difference is that the secondary complementary filtering algorithm in Figure 4 is The first weight and the second weight are summed to generate a weight sum, and the product sum is divided by the weight sum, and the result of the division is used as the final yaw angular velocity.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a yaw angle fusion method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the yaw angle fusion method can be executed by various electronic devices with certain logic processing capabilities, such as aircraft, control chips, etc.
  • the aircraft can include unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ships, etc.
  • the following electronic equipment takes an aircraft as an example for description.
  • the aircraft is connected with a gimbal.
  • the gimbal includes a gimbal motor and a gimbal base.
  • the gimbal can be a multi-axis gimbal, such as a two-axis gimbal and a three-axis gimbal. Take the following three-axis gimbal as an example Description.
  • the specific structure of the aircraft and the gimbal reference can be made to the above description, and therefore, it will not be repeated here.
  • the method is applied to an aircraft, such as a drone, and the method includes:
  • Step S10 Obtain magnetometer data, IMU data, and GPS data, where the IMU data includes IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information, and the GPS data includes GPS speed information and GPS acceleration information;
  • the aircraft is provided with an attitude sensor component, and the attitude sensor component includes: an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a magnetometer, etc., wherein the inertial measurement unit IMU is used to obtain IMU data, and the The magnetometer is used to obtain magnetometer data, the inertial measurement unit includes a gyroscope and an accelerometer, the gyroscope is used to obtain IMU angular velocity, the accelerometer is used to obtain IMU angular velocity information, and the IMU data includes: IMU acceleration Information and IMU angular velocity information.
  • the magnetometer data includes magnetic field strength information.
  • the aircraft is also provided with a GPS module, which is used to obtain GPS data, and the GPS data includes GPS speed information and GPS acceleration information.
  • the IMU data is acquired through the inertial measurement unit, and the IMU data acquired by the inertial measurement unit is the original IMU data.
  • the original IMU data needs to be processed, for example: the IMU data is calibrated, coordinate system conversion is performed, and generated IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information, where the IMU acceleration information is the acceleration information in the ground coordinate system obtained after the measurement data of the inertial measurement unit is calibrated by the calibration matrix and the coordinate transformation of the body coordinate system to the ground coordinate system .
  • the calibration matrix is calibrated by the user at the place where the user wants to fly.
  • the calibration matrix is different anywhere on the earth.
  • the aircraft reports magnetometer interference and requires the user to calibrate before determining the calibration matrix.
  • the conversion of the airframe coordinate system to the ground coordinate system is completed by a rotation transformation matrix.
  • a rotation transformation matrix is generated according to the attitude angle of the aircraft, and the IMU data is converted from the airframe coordinates through the rotation transformation matrix.
  • the system is converted to a ground coordinate system to generate the IMU acceleration information and the IMU angular velocity information.
  • the attitude angle of the aircraft includes: a yaw angle, a pitch angle, and a roll angle, where the yaw angle is the current fused yaw angle, that is, the real-time fused yaw angle will be used to calculate the rotation transformation matrix , And then used for the next fusion to continuously update the fusion yaw angle.
  • the rotation transformation matrix is a 3*3 matrix, which contains the sine and cosine functions of the yaw angle, pitch angle, and roll angle, and different functions are selected according to the specific situation. Generally speaking, by first rotating the yaw angle, The pitch angle, then the pitch angle, and finally the roll angle.
  • the rotation transformation matrix is:
  • ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the attitude angle
  • is the roll angle in the attitude angle
  • is the pitch angle in the attitude angle
  • is the yaw angle in the attitude angle
  • Step S20 Determine the yaw angular velocity correction amount according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data;
  • the magnetometer data is obtained by a magnetometer, and the magnetometer data includes: magnetic field strength information, and the magnetic field strength is a three-axis magnetic field strength, because the magnetometer data measured by the magnetometer is a three-axis magnetic field in the body coordinate system Therefore, it is necessary to remove the bias and cross-coupling through the calibration matrix, and transform it to the ground coordinate system through the rotation matrix.
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed flowchart of step S20 in FIG. 5;
  • the determining the yaw angular velocity correction amount according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data includes:
  • Step S21 Obtain the magnetic field vector of the current position of the aircraft according to the GPS data
  • the GPS module of the aircraft will receive GPS data, the GPS data including latitude and longitude information and speed information, by interpolating the latitude and longitude information to determine the standard for determining the current position of the aircraft
  • the magnetic field strength, magnetic declination and magnetic inclination angle are the magnetic field vectors of the current position of the aircraft.
  • Step S22 Determine the magnetic field vector of the magnetometer according to the magnetometer data
  • the aircraft is provided with a magnetometer
  • the magnetometer may be a three-axis magnetometer, and the three-axis readings of the magnetometer form a vector to determine the magnetic field vector of the magnetometer.
  • the magnetometer data is calibrated according to a preset calibration matrix to generate calibrated magnetometer data, where the preset calibration matrix is obtained by the user from calibration where the user wants to fly, and the calibration matrix is on the earth Any place above is different.
  • the aircraft reports magnetometer interference and requires the user to calibrate before determining the calibration matrix.
  • Step S23 Calculate the magnetic north error angle according to the magnetic field vector of the current position of the aircraft and the magnetic field vector of the magnetometer;
  • the local standard magnetic field strength, magnetic declination and magnetic inclination are used to calculate the heading with the magnetometer data.
  • the calculated heading is compared with the actual heading of the aircraft, and the current fusion attitude information of the aircraft can be obtained by transforming the rotation matrix.
  • the magnetic north error of the aircraft s magnetometer.
  • the transformed magnetic field vector is obtained by multiplying the transposed matrix of the existing attitude angle rotation matrix by the magnetic field vector of the magnetometer, the standard earth magnetic field vector of the current position of the aircraft, and the transformed magnetic field
  • the vector included angle is calculated with the standard earth magnetic field vector of the current position of the aircraft, and the obtained vector included angle is used as the magnetic north error angle.
  • Step S24 Determine the yaw angular velocity correction amount according to the magnetic north pole error angle.
  • the aircraft is provided with a feedback controller, the magnetic north pole error angle is input to the feedback controller, and the feedback controller calculates the magnetic north error angle through a feedback control algorithm to generate the yaw
  • Step S30 Determine a first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information;
  • the IMU acceleration is acceleration information obtained by performing corresponding processing on the original IMU data measured by the inertial measurement unit IMU, for example: performing coordinate system transformation, bias estimation, etc. on the original IMU data.
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed flowchart of step S30 in FIG. 5;
  • the determining the first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information includes:
  • Step S31 Perform coordinate transformation on the IMU data to generate IMU acceleration information in a ground coordinate system
  • the IMU data is the original IMU data measured by the inertial measurement unit IMU, and the coordinate system needs to be transformed to transform the airframe coordinate system to the ground coordinate system, wherein the transformation from the airframe coordinate system to the ground coordinate system It is completed by a rotation transformation matrix.
  • a rotation transformation matrix is generated according to the attitude angle of the aircraft, and the IMU data is converted from the airframe coordinate system to the ground coordinate system through the rotation transformation matrix to generate the IMU acceleration information And the angular velocity information of the IMU.
  • the attitude angle of the aircraft includes: a yaw angle, a pitch angle, and a roll angle, where the yaw angle is the current fused yaw angle, that is, the real-time fused yaw angle will be used to calculate the rotation transformation matrix , And then used for the next fusion to continuously update the fusion yaw angle.
  • the rotation transformation matrix is a 3*3 matrix, which contains the sine and cosine functions of the yaw angle, pitch angle, and roll angle, and different functions are selected according to the specific situation. Generally speaking, by first rotating the yaw angle, The pitch angle, then the pitch angle, and finally the roll angle.
  • the rotation transformation matrix is:
  • ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the attitude angle
  • is the roll angle in the attitude angle
  • is the pitch angle in the attitude angle
  • is the yaw angle in the attitude angle
  • the method before performing coordinate transformation on the IMU data to generate the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system, the method further includes:
  • the performing coordinate transformation on the IMU data to generate the IMU acceleration information in a ground coordinate system includes:
  • bias estimation is performed on the IMU data. Since IMU data has offset characteristics, its bias needs to be taken into consideration. Through the acceleration and angular velocity information collected by the inertial measurement unit IMU, determine whether the aircraft is in a stationary state, generate a stationary flag, then pack the IMU data and the stationary flag, perform bias estimation, and obtain the offset data of the IMU data. Acceleration bias information and angular velocity bias information, where the acceleration bias information and the angular velocity bias information are both corresponding zero bias values, and the difference between the IMU data and the offset data of the IMU data is obtained, that is, the IMU The acceleration information in the data is differentiated from the acceleration bias information to generate estimated acceleration information. Similarly, the angular velocity information in the IMU data is differentiated from the angular velocity bias information to generate the estimated angular velocity information. The bias estimation removes the influence of the zero offset, which is beneficial to correct the yaw angle.
  • the performing coordinate transformation on the difference between the IMU data and the offset data of the IMU data to generate the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system includes: by comparing the estimated acceleration information with The estimated angular velocity information undergoes coordinate system transformation to generate acceleration information and angular velocity information in the ground coordinate system. It can be understood that the acceleration information and angular velocity information in the ground coordinate system are still not accurate enough, and further correction is needed.
  • Step S32 Perform signal processing on the GPS data to generate horizontal acceleration information
  • the GPS data is used to calculate GPS acceleration and GPS speed. Since the GPS acceleration calculated by the GPS data has noise, signal processing, such as filtering processing, is required. Among them, there are various filtering algorithms, such as Kalman filtering, Mean filtering, frequency domain low-pass filtering, etc. After filtering the GPS data, the data noise is eliminated, which can improve the accuracy. By performing signal processing on the GPS data, horizontal acceleration information and horizontal speed information are generated.
  • Step S33 Calculate the vector angle between the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system and the horizontal acceleration information, and use the vector angle as the first yaw angular velocity error value.
  • the IMU acceleration information and the horizontal acceleration information can be used to correct the yaw angle.
  • the angle difference between the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system and the horizontal acceleration information is calculated, and the vector included angle As the first yaw angular velocity error value.
  • Step S40 Determine an initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity based on the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value;
  • the determining the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity according to the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value includes:
  • the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value in the ground coordinate system are summed, and the summed result is used as the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity, where,
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angle is the yaw angular velocity information after a complementary correction.
  • the method further includes: inputting the first yaw angular velocity error value to a feedback controller, and the feedback controller uses a feedback control algorithm to calculate the first yaw angular velocity error value to generate
  • an initial complementary fusion yaw angle is generated, wherein the initial complementary fusion yaw angle is the one after complementary correction Yaw angular velocity information.
  • Step S50 Determine a second yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS speed information;
  • FIG. 8 is a detailed flowchart of step S50 in FIG. 5;
  • the determining the second yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS velocity information includes:
  • Step S51 Integrate the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information
  • the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system is integrated to generate integrated IMU speed information.
  • Step S52 Perform normalization processing on the integrated IMU speed information to generate normalized IMU speed information
  • the integrated IMU speed information obtained by the integration operation may drift, the integrated IMU speed information needs to be normalized to generate normalized IMU speed information.
  • Step S53 Perform normalization processing on the GPS speed information to generate normalized GPS speed information
  • Step S54 Generate a speed difference according to the normalized IMU speed information and the normalized GPS speed information;
  • the unit vector of the horizontal plane corresponding to the normalized IMU speed information and the normalized GPS are respectively obtained.
  • the unit vector of the horizontal plane corresponding to the speed information generates a speed difference value by performing a vector angle calculation on the two unit vectors.
  • Step S55 Differentiate the speed difference to generate the second yaw angular velocity error value.
  • the method further includes: performing filtering processing on the differentiated speed difference value, wherein there are various filtering algorithms, such as Kalman filtering and mean filtering. , Frequency domain low-pass filtering, etc. After performing differentiation processing and filtering processing on the speed difference value, a second yaw angular velocity error value is generated.
  • Step S60 Determine a final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity.
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the second yaw angular velocity error value are both aircraft yaw angular velocity information, both contain certain inaccuracies.
  • the initial complementary The yaw angular velocity and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity are merged to perform secondary complementary filtering to generate accurate yaw angular velocity information.
  • FIG. 9 is a detailed flowchart of step S60 in FIG. 5;
  • the determining the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity includes:
  • Step S61 Calculate the difference between the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the previous moment, and determine the first angular velocity difference;
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the last moment is the final complementary fusion yaw angle completed in the last fusion. Since each sampling step of the aircraft will make error calculations, the feedback loop is constantly performed. , That is, the yaw angle is constantly updated, so each sampling time corresponds to the unique final complementary fusion yaw angle.
  • the method before calculating the difference between the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the last moment, and determining the first angular velocity difference, the method further includes:
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity is subjected to out-of-range processing and filtering processing. It can be understood that in the initial complementary fused yaw angular velocity signal, there is a value that deviates too far, which is called an outlier. Setting the outliers to zero is equivalent to performing out-of-range processing, and the filtering processing is performed by filtering algorithms. Among them, there are various filtering algorithms, such as Kalman filtering, mean filtering, frequency-domain low-pass filtering, and so on.
  • Step S62 Calculate the difference between the second yaw angular velocity error value and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the previous moment, and determine the second angular velocity difference;
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the last moment is the final complementary fusion yaw angle completed in the last fusion. Since each sampling step of the aircraft will make error calculations, the feedback loop is constantly performed. , That is, the yaw angle is constantly updated, so each sampling time corresponds to the unique final complementary fusion yaw angle. By calculating the difference between the second yaw angular velocity error value and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the previous moment, the difference is determined as the second angular velocity difference, which is beneficial for error correction.
  • the method before calculating the difference between the second yaw angular velocity error value and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the last moment and determining the second angular velocity difference, the method further includes:
  • the error value of the second yaw angular velocity is de-outlied. Determine the second angular velocity difference according to the difference between the result after the de-outlier processing and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the previous moment.
  • Step S63 Determine a first weight and a second weight according to the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference;
  • the determining the first weight and the second weight according to the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference includes: summing the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference, Obtain the sum result, respectively calculate the ratio of the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference to the sum result, and use the ratio of the first angular velocity difference and the sum result as the first weight, The ratio of the second angular velocity difference to the sum result is used as the second weight.
  • Step S64 Perform normalization processing on the first weight and the second weight to generate a first weight ratio coefficient and a second weight ratio coefficient;
  • the first weight and the second weight are respectively normalized to generate a first weight ratio coefficient and a second weight ratio coefficient, and the first weight ratio coefficient and the second weight ratio coefficient are used to eliminate the initial weight ratio.
  • Complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the second yaw angular velocity error value of the fusion value difference influence, weighted and averaged by the weight ratio coefficient, can make the result more accurate.
  • Step S65 Integrate the initial complementary fusion yaw rate and the first weight ratio coefficient to generate a first product value
  • Step S66 Integrate the second yaw angular velocity error value and the second weight ratio coefficient to generate a second product value
  • Step S67 Determine the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the first product value and the second product value.
  • the first product value and the second product value are summed, and the result of the sum is used as the final complementary fusion yaw angle.
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed flowchart of step S67 in FIG. 9;
  • the determining the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the first product value and the second product value includes:
  • Step S671 Sum the first weight and the second weight to generate a weight sum
  • Step S672 Sum the first product value and the second product value to generate a product sum
  • Step S673 Determine the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the weight sum and the product sum.
  • the product sum is divided by the weight sum, and the result of the division is used as the final complementary fusion yaw angle.
  • a yaw angle fusion method is provided and applied to an aircraft.
  • the method includes acquiring magnetometer data, IMU data, and GPS data, where the IMU data includes IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information ,
  • the GPS data includes GPS speed information and GPS acceleration information; according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data, determine the yaw angular velocity correction; according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information, determine the first Yaw angular velocity error value; according to the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value, determine the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity; according to the IMU acceleration information and the
  • the GPS speed information determines the second yaw angular velocity error value; the final complementary fusion yaw angle is determined according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the second yaw angular velocity error.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a yaw angle fusion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the yaw angle fusion device 110 is applied to an aircraft.
  • the yaw angle fusion device 110 may be a flight controller of the aircraft, and the device includes:
  • the acquisition module 111 is configured to acquire magnetometer data, IMU data, and GPS data, where the IMU data includes IMU acceleration information and IMU angular velocity information, and the GPS data includes GPS speed information and GPS acceleration information;
  • the yaw angular velocity correction amount module 112 is configured to determine the yaw angular velocity correction amount according to the GPS data and the magnetometer data;
  • the first yaw angular velocity error value module 113 is configured to determine the first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information;
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity module 114 is configured to determine the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity according to the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value;
  • the second yaw angular velocity error value module 115 is configured to determine the second yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS speed information;
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle module 116 is configured to determine the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the error value of the second yaw angular velocity.
  • the yaw angular velocity correction amount module 112 is specifically used for:
  • the first yaw angular velocity error value module 113 is specifically used for:
  • a vector included angle is calculated for the IMU acceleration information in the ground coordinate system and the horizontal acceleration information, and the vector included angle is used as the first yaw angular velocity error value.
  • the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity module 114 is specifically used for:
  • the IMU angular velocity information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value in the ground coordinate system are summed, and the sum result is used as the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity.
  • the second yaw angular velocity error value module 115 is specifically used for:
  • Integrating the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information Integrating the IMU acceleration information to generate integrated IMU speed information
  • the device further includes:
  • the stationary flag module is used to generate a stationary flag according to the IMU data, wherein the stationary flag is used to reflect whether the aircraft is in a stationary state;
  • IMU offset data difference module configured to obtain offset data of IMU data according to the IMU data and the static flag bit; obtain the difference between the IMU data and the offset data of the IMU data;
  • the first yaw angular velocity error value module is specifically used for:
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the final complementary fusion yaw angle module in FIG. 11;
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle module 116 includes:
  • the first angular velocity difference unit 1161 is configured to calculate the difference between the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the previous moment, and determine the first angular velocity difference;
  • the second angular velocity difference unit 1162 is configured to calculate the difference between the second yaw angular velocity error value and the final complementary fusion yaw angle at the previous moment, and determine the second angular velocity difference;
  • the weighting unit 1163 is configured to determine the first weight and the second weight according to the first angular velocity difference and the second angular velocity difference;
  • the weight proportional coefficient unit 1164 is configured to perform normalization processing on the first weight and the second weight to generate the first weight proportional coefficient and the second weight proportional coefficient;
  • the first product value unit 1165 is configured to multiply the initial complementary fusion yaw rate and the first weight ratio coefficient to generate a first product value
  • the second product value unit 1166 is configured to multiply the second yaw angular velocity error value and the second weight ratio coefficient to generate a second product value
  • the final complementary fusion yaw angle unit 1167 is configured to determine the final complementary fusion yaw angle according to the first product value and the second product value.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an aircraft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the aircraft may be an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an unmanned aerial vehicle or other electronic equipment.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • the aircraft 1300 includes one or more processors 1301 and a memory 1302. Among them, one processor 1301 is taken as an example in FIG. 13.
  • the processor 1301 and the memory 1302 may be connected through a bus or in other ways. In FIG. 13, the connection through a bus is taken as an example.
  • the memory 1302 as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs and modules, such as a yaw angle fusion in the embodiment of the present invention
  • the unit corresponding to the method (for example, each module or unit described in Figure 11 to Figure 12).
  • the processor 1301 executes various functional applications and data processing of the yaw angle fusion method by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 1302, that is, realizes the yaw angle fusion of the above method embodiments
  • the memory 1302 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.
  • the memory 1302 may optionally include memories remotely provided with respect to the processor 1301, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 1301 through a network. Examples of the aforementioned networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
  • the module is stored in the memory 1302, and when executed by the one or more processors 1301, the yaw angle fusion method in any of the foregoing method embodiments is executed, for example, the above-described FIG. 5 to FIG.
  • Each step shown in 10; can also realize the function of each module or unit described in Figure 11 to Figure 12.
  • the aircraft 1300 further includes a power device 1303, the power device 1303 is used for the aircraft to provide flight power, and the power device 1303 is connected to the processor 1301.
  • the power device 1303 includes: a driving motor 13031 and an ESC 13032, and the ESC 13032 is electrically connected to the driving motor 13031 and used to control the driving motor 13031.
  • the ESC 13032 generates a control instruction based on the fused yaw angle obtained after the processor 1301 executes the yaw angle fusion method described above, and controls the driving motor 13031 through the control instruction.
  • the aircraft 1300 can execute the yaw angle fusion method provided in the first embodiment of the present invention, and has functional modules and beneficial effects corresponding to the execution method.
  • the yaw angle fusion method provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, the computer program includes program instructions, when the program instructions are executed by a computer At this time, the computer is caused to execute the yaw angle fusion method described above. For example, the method steps S10 to S60 in FIG. 5 described above are executed.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a non-volatile computer storage medium, the computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are executed by one or more processors, such as the one in FIG. 13
  • the device 1301 may enable the one or more processors to execute the yaw angle fusion method in any of the above method embodiments, for example, execute the yaw angle fusion method in any of the above method embodiments, for example, execute the above description
  • the steps shown in Fig. 5 to Fig. 10; the function of each module or unit described in Fig. 11 to Fig. 12 can also be realized.
  • the device includes: an acquisition module for acquiring magnetometer data, IMU data, and GPS data, the IMU data includes IMU acceleration Information and IMU angular velocity information, the GPS data includes GPS velocity information and GPS acceleration information; a yaw angular velocity correction module for determining a yaw angular velocity correction based on the GPS data and the magnetometer data; A yaw angular velocity error value module for determining a first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU acceleration information and the GPS acceleration information; an initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity module for determining the first yaw angular velocity error value according to the IMU angular velocity Information, the yaw angular velocity correction amount, and the first yaw angular velocity error value to determine the initial complementary fusion yaw angular velocity; the second yaw angular velocity error value module is used to determine
  • the device or device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the unit modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as modular units may or may not be physical units , Which can be located in one place, or can be distributed to multiple network module units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • each implementation manner can be implemented by means of software plus a general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware.
  • the above technical solution essentially or the part that contributes to the related technology can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk , CD-ROM, etc., including several instructions until a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) executes the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiment.

Abstract

一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器,涉及飞行器技术领域,方法包括:获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据(S10);根据GPS数据以及磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量(S20);根据IMU加速度信息以及GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值(S30);根据IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度(S40);根据IMU加速度信息以及GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值(S50);根据初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角(S60)。通过上述方式,可以解决一次互补滤波误差较大的技术问题,提高偏航角的融合精度以及稳定性。

Description

一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器
本申请要求于2019年8月9日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910734158.4、申请名称为“一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及飞行器技术领域,特别是涉及一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器。
背景技术
飞行器,如无人飞行器(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV),也称无人机,以其具有体积小、重量轻、机动灵活、反应快速、无人驾驶、操作要求低等优点,得到了越来越广泛的应用。无人飞行器的各个动作(或姿态)通常是通过控制无人飞行器的动力装置中的多个驱动电机不同转速实现的。其中,偏航角是对无人飞行器的飞行姿态进行控制中的重要参数,也即无人飞行器的偏航角融合对无人飞行器的姿态控制尤其重要,若无人飞行器的偏航角融合误差大,或者融合精度低,轻则无人飞行器无法按照预设的方向或轨迹飞行,重则出现刷锅现象,甚至可能失稳以致炸机。
目前,飞行器的偏航角融合一般采用互补滤波方案,通过综合多个传感器信息,取长补短,采用权重调度及相互修正的方法来进行数据融合,但是,对于飞行器长时间的飞行或者长时间转偏航角飞行等情况,仅仅采用一次滤波存在较大的误差,很难保证偏航角的稳定性和融合精度。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器,解决一次互补滤波误差较大的技术问题,提高偏航角的融合精度以及稳定性。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例提供以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明实施例提供一种偏航角的融合方法,应用于飞行器,所述方法包括:
获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,其中,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;
根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;
根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;
根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;
根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;
根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。
在一些实施例中,所述根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量,包括:
根据所述GPS数据,获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量;
根据所述磁力计数据,确定磁力计的磁场向量;
根据所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量以及所述磁力计的磁场向量,计算磁北极误差角;
根据所述磁北极误差角,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量。
在一些实施例中,所述根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,包括:
对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息;
对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,以生成水平加速度信息;
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息求矢量夹角,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
在一些实施例中,在对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息之前,该方法还包括:
根据所述IMU数据,生成静止标志位,其中,所述静止标志位用于反映所述飞行器是否处于静止状态;
根据所述IMU数据和所述静止标志位,获得IMU数据的偏移数据;
获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值;则,
所述对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息,包括:
对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息。
在一些实施例中,所述根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度,包括:
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行求和,将求和结果作为所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度。
在一些实施例中,所述根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,包括:
对所述IMU加速度信息进行积分,以生成积分IMU速度信息;
对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息;
对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化GPS速度信息;
根据所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息,生成速度差值;
对所述速度差值进行微分,生成所述第二偏航角角速度误差值。
在本发明实施例中,所述根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角,包括:
计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第一角速度差值;
计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第二角速度差值;
根据所述第一角速度差值以及所述第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重;
对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行归一化处理,以生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数;
对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第一权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第一乘积值;
对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值以及所述第二权重比例系数进行求积,生成第二乘积值;
根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
在一些实施例中,所述根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角,包括:
对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行求和,以生成权重和;
对所述第一乘积值和所述第二乘积值进行求和,以生成乘积和;
根据所述权重和以及所述乘积和,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
第二方面,本发明实施例提供一种偏航角的融合装置,应用于飞行器,所述装置包括:
获取模块,用于获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,其中,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;
偏航角角速度修正量模块,用于根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;
第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;
初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块,用于根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;
第二偏航角角速度误差值模块,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所 述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;
最终互补融合偏航角模块,用于根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。
在一些实施例中,所述偏航角角速度修正量模块,具体用于:
根据所述GPS数据,获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量;
根据所述磁力计数据,确定磁力计的磁场向量;
根据所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量以及所述磁力计的磁场向量,计算磁北极误差角;
根据所述磁北极误差角,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量。
在一些实施例中,所述第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息;
对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,以生成水平加速度信息;
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息求矢量夹角,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
在一些实施例中,所述装置还包括:
静止标志位模块,用于根据所述IMU数据,生成静止标志位,其中,所述静止标志位用于反映所述飞行器是否处于静止状态;
IMU偏移数据差值模块,用于根据所述IMU数据和所述静止标志位,获得IMU数据的偏移数据;获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值;
所述第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息。
在一些实施例中,所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块,具体用于:
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行求和,将求和结果作为所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度。
在一些实施例中,所述第二偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
对所述IMU加速度信息进行积分,以生成积分IMU速度信息;
对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息;
对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化GPS速度信息;
根据所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息,生成速度差值;
对所述速度差值进行微分,生成所述第二偏航角角速度误差值。
在一些实施例中,所述最终互补融合偏航角模块,包括:
第一角速度差值单元,用于计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与所述上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第一角速度差值;
第二角速度差值单元,用于计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第二角速度差值;
权重单元,用于根据所述第一角速度差值以及所述第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重;
权重比例系数单元,用于对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行归一化处理,生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数;
第一乘积值单元,用于对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第一权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第一乘积值;
第二乘积值单元,用于对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值以及所述第二权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第二乘积值;
最终互补融合偏航角单元,用于根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
在一些实施例中,所述最终互补融合偏航角单元,具体用于:
对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行求和,以生成权重和;
对所述第一乘积值和所述第二乘积值进行求和,以生成乘积和;
根据所述权重和以及所述乘积和,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
第三方面,本发明实施例提供一种飞行器,包括:
机身;
机臂,与所述机身相连;
动力装置,设于所述机臂,用于给所述飞行器提供飞行的动力;以及
飞行控制器,设于所述机身;
其中,所述飞行控制器包括:
至少一个处理器;以及,
与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;其中,
所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行,以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如上所述的偏航角的融合方法。
第四方面,本发明实施例还提供了一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令用于使飞行器能够执行如上所述的偏航角的融合方法。
本发明实施例的有益效果是:区别于现有技术的情况下,本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合方法,应用于飞行器,所述方法包括:获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;根据所述IMU加 速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。通过上述方式,本发明解决一次互补滤波误差较大的技术问题,提高偏航角的融合精度以及稳定性。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件,除非有特别申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种飞行器的具体结构图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合方法的原理框图;
图3是图2中的一种二次互补滤波算法的原理框图;
图4是图2中的另一种二次互补滤波算法的原理框图;
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合方法的流程示意图;
图6是图5中的步骤S20的细化流程图;
图7是图5中的步骤S30的细化流程图;
图8是图5中的步骤S50的细化流程图;
图9是图5中的步骤S60的细化流程图;
图10是图9中的步骤S67的细化流程图;
图11是本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合装置的示意图;
图12是图11中的最终互补融合偏航角模块的示意图;
图13是本发明实施例提供的一种飞行器的硬件结构示意图;
图14是本发明实施例提供的一种飞行器的连接框图;
图15是图14中的动力装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明实施例提供的偏航角的融合方法可以应用到各种通过电机或马达驱动的可移动物体上,包括但不限于飞行器、机器人等。其中飞行器可包括无人飞行器(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV),无人飞船等。
其中,本发明实施例的偏航角的融合方法,应用于飞行器的飞行控制器。
请参阅图1,图1是本发明实施例提供的一种飞行器的具体结构图;
如图1所示,该飞行器10包括:机身11、与所述机身11相连的机臂12、设置于所述机臂12的动力装置13,连接至该机身11底部的云台14,安装在云台14上的摄像头15以及设置于机身11内的飞行控制器(图未示)。
其中,飞行控制器与动力装置13连接,动力装置13安装在所述机身11上,用于为所述飞行器10提供飞行动力。具体的,飞行控制器用于执行上述的偏航角的融合方法以修正飞行器的偏航角,并根据融合后的飞行器的偏航角生成控制指令,并将该控制指令发送给动力装置13的电调,电调通过该控制指令控制动力装置13的驱动电机。或者,飞行控制器用于执行偏航角的融合方法以修正飞行器的偏航角,并将修正后的飞行器的偏航角发送至电调,电调根据修正后的飞行器的偏航角生成控制指令,并通过该控制指令控制动力装置13的驱动电机。
机身11包括:中心壳体以及与中心壳体连接的一个或多个机臂,一个或多个机臂呈辐射状从中心壳体延伸出。机臂与中心壳体的连接可以是一体连接或者固定连接。动力装置安装于机臂上。
飞行控制器用于执行上述偏航角的融合方法以修正飞行器的偏航角,并根据修正后的飞行器的偏航角生成控制指令,并将该控制指令发送给动力装置的电调,以便电调通过该控制指令控制动力装置的驱动电机。控制器为具有一定逻辑处理能力的器件,如控制芯片、单片机、微控制单元(Microcontroller Unit,MCU)等。
动力装置13包括:电调,驱动电机和螺旋桨。电调位于机臂或中心壳体所形成的空腔内。电调分别与控制器及驱动电机连接。具体的,电调与驱动电机电连接,用于控制所述驱动电机。驱动电机安装在机臂上,驱动电机的转动轴连接螺旋桨。螺旋桨在驱动电机的驱动下产生使得飞行器10移动的力,例如,使得飞行器10移动的升力或者推力。
飞行器10完成各个规定速度、动作(或姿态)是通过电调控制驱动电机以实现的。电调全称电子调速器,根据控制信号调节飞行器10的驱动电机的转速。其中,控制器为执行上述偏航角的融合方法的执行主体,电调基于融合后的飞行器的偏航角所生成控制指令来控制驱动电机。电调控制驱动电机的原理大致为:驱动电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。在非超载的情况下,驱动电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数,而不受负载变化的影响,当驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号,它就驱动动力装置的驱动电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度,它的旋转是以固定的角度运行的。因此,电调可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量,从而达到准确定位的目的;同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制驱动电机转动的速度和加速度,从而达到调速的目的。
目前飞行器10主要功能为航拍、影像实时传输、高危地区探测等。为 了实现航拍、影像实时传输、高危地区探测等功能,飞行器10上会连接有摄像组件。具体的,飞行器10和摄像组件通过连接结构,如减振球等进行连接。该摄像组件用于在飞行器10进行航拍的过程中,获取拍摄画面。
具体的,摄像组件包括:云台及拍摄装置。云台与飞行器10连接。其中,拍摄装置搭载于所述云台上,拍摄装置可以为图像采集装置,用于采集图像,该拍摄装置包括但不限于:相机、摄影机、摄像头、扫描仪、拍照手机等。云台用于搭载拍摄装置,以实现拍摄装置的固定、或随意调节拍摄装置的姿态(例如,改变拍摄装置的高度、倾角和/或方向)以及使所述拍摄装置稳定保持在设定的姿态上。例如,当飞行器10进行航拍时,云台主要用于使所述拍摄装置稳定保持在设定的姿态上,防止拍摄装置拍摄画面抖动,保证拍摄画面的稳定。
云台14与飞行控制器连接,以实现云台14与飞行控制器之间的数据交互。例如,飞行控制器发送偏航指令至云台14,云台14获取偏航的速度和方向指令并执行,且将执行偏航指令后所产生的数据信息发送至飞行控制器,以便飞行控制器检测当前偏航状况。
云台包括:云台电机及云台基座。其中,云台电机安装于云台基座。飞行控制器也可通过动力装置13的电调来控制云台电机,具体的,飞行控制器与电调连接,电调与云台电机电连接,飞行控制器生成云台电机控制指令,电调通过云台电机控制指令以控制云台电机。
云台基座与飞行器的机身连接,用于将摄像组件固定安装于飞行器的机身上。
云台电机分别与云台基座及拍摄装置连接。该云台可以为多轴云台,与之适应的,云台电机为多个,也即每个轴设置有一个云台电机。云台电机一方面可带动拍摄装置的转动,从而满足拍摄转轴的水平旋转和俯仰角度的调节,通过手动远程控制云台电机旋转或利用程序让电机自动旋转,从而达到全方位扫描监控的作用;另一方面,在飞行器进行航拍的过程中,通过云台电机的转动实时抵消拍摄装置受到的扰动,防止拍摄装置抖动,保证拍摄画面的稳定。
拍摄装置搭载于云台上,拍摄装置上设置有惯性测量单元(Inertial measurement unit,IMU),该惯性测量单元用于测量物体三轴姿态角(或角速率)以及加速度的装置。一般的,一个IMU内会装有三轴的陀螺仪和三个方向的加速度计,来测量物体在三维空间中的角速度和加速度,并以此解算出物体的姿态。为了提高可靠性,还可以为每个轴配备更多的传感器。一般而言IMU要安装在飞行器的重心上。
在对飞行器的姿态进行控制的过程中,飞行器的偏航角是对飞行器的姿态进行控制中的重要参数,需要基于飞行器的偏航角,来控制驱动电机。通过飞行器的控制器实时获取飞行器的偏航角,为飞行器的姿态控制提供必要的姿态信息。也即飞行器的偏航角正确估算对飞行器的姿态控制尤其 重要,若飞行器的偏航角估算错误,飞行器轻则无法按照预设的方向或轨迹飞行,重则可能失稳以致炸机。
在室内环境中,由于没有GPS信息修正,磁力计也受到严重干扰,因此导致存在缺乏足够的可用信息来进行偏航角的修正的问题,而且,由于陀螺仪积分本身存在漂移特性,因此在室内飞行或悬停时,飞行器容易发生偏航角偏移。
目前,飞行器在室内的飞行主要靠视觉信息修正或磁力计修正来修正偏航角,而视觉信息修正对于无视觉的飞机来说不可取,并且,由于视觉运算量大,对于视觉单元运算力较弱的飞机,会影响其他视觉信息的解算,而若要不影响,则需要更换更好的视觉模块,增加成本,而采用磁力计修正的方法容易受到在干扰时,飞行器偏航角偏差严重或漂移。
因此,基于上述问题,本发明实施例主要目的在于提供一种偏航角的融合方法、装置及飞行器,可以通过二次互补融合对飞行器的偏航角进行修正,解决对于飞行器长时间的飞行或者长时间转偏航角飞行等情况,仅仅采用一次滤波存在较大的误差的问题,从而提高偏航角的融合精度以及稳定性。
本发明实施例通过获取GPS数据、IMU数据以及磁力计数据,尽可能多的利用多个传感器的数据进行修正,通过一次互补滤波之后,再进行二次互补滤波进行补偿,能够保证滤波的稳定性。
下面结合附图,对本发明实施例作进一步阐述。
实施例一
请参阅图2,图2是本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合方法的原理框图;
如图2所示,通过获取GPS数据、磁力计数据以及IMU数据,并根据所述GPS数据,进行经纬度信息查表,对所述磁力计数据进行信号处理,从而求磁北极误差角,将所述磁北极误差角通过反馈控制器反馈的方式生成偏航角角速度修正量,以及,通过IMU数据,获取IMU角速度,通过GPS数据以及IMU数据,获取偏航角角速度补偿量,对所述偏航角角速度修正量、IMU角速度以及偏航角角速度补偿量进行融合,生成初始互补融合偏航角,并且,通过对IMU加速度进行积分,并对积分后的速度进行归一化,对GPS速度进行归一化,对归一化后的速度求矢量夹角,对所述矢量夹角进行微分,生成第二偏航角角速度误差值,通过对所述初始互补融合偏航角以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值进行二次互补滤波,得到最终偏航角角速度,对所述最终偏航角角速度进行积分,获取最终互补融合偏航角。
请再参阅图3,图3是图2中的一种二次互补滤波算法的原理框图;
如图3所示,通过对初始互补融合偏航角角速度进行滤波以及去野值处理,并且,对第二偏航角角速度误差值进行去野值处理,通过对处理后 的初始互补融合偏航角角速度与最终偏航角角速度进行矢量夹角求解,获取第一角速度差值,通过对第二偏航角角速度误差值与最终偏航角角速度进行矢量夹角求解,获取第二角速度差值,通过所述第一角速度差值以及第二角速度差值进行求权重,分别生成第一权重和第二权重,并对所述第一权重和第二权重进行权重归一化处理,根据所述权重归一化处理后的第一权重和第二权重,分别将其与其对应的初始互补融合偏航角角速度或第二偏航角角速度误差值进行求积处理,分别生成第一乘积值以及第二乘积值,对所述第一乘积值和第二乘积值进行融合,生成最终偏航角角速度。
请再参阅图4,图4是图2中的另一种二次互补滤波算法的原理框图;
其中,图4中的二次互补滤波算法与图3中的二次互补滤波算法大部分相似,在此不再进行赘述,与之不同的是,图4中的二次互补滤波算法,通过对第一权重和第二权重进行求和,生成权重和,通过乘积和与权重和进行相除,将相除的结果作为最终偏航角角速度。
请参阅图5,图5是本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合方法的流程示意图;
其中,该偏航角的融合方法可由各种具有一定逻辑处理能力的电子设备执行,如飞行器、控制芯片等,该飞行器可以包括无人机、无人船等。以下电子设备以飞行器为例进行说明。其中,飞行器连接有云台,云台包括云台电机及云台基座,其中,云台可以为多轴云台,如两轴云台、三轴云台,以下三轴云台为例进行说明。对于该飞行器及云台的具体结构的描述可以参考上述描述,因此,在此处不作赘述。
如图5所示,所述方法应用于飞行器,比如,无人机,所述方法包括:
步骤S10:获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,其中,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;
具体的,所述飞行器设置有姿态传感器组件,所述姿态传感器组件包括:惯性测量单元(Inertial measurement unit,IMU)、磁力计等,其中,所述惯性测量单元IMU用于获取IMU数据,所述磁力计用于获取磁力计数据,所述惯性测量单元包括陀螺仪以及加速度计,所述陀螺仪用于获取IMU角速度,所述加速度计用于获取IMU角速度信息,所述IMU数据包括:IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述磁力计数据包括:磁场强度信息。所述飞行器还设置有GPS模块,所述GPS模块用于获取GPS数据,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息。
具体的,通过惯性测量单元获取IMU数据,所述惯性测量单元获取的IMU数据为原始IMU数据,需要对所述原始IMU数据进行处理,例如:对所述IMU数据进行校准、坐标系转换,生成IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,其中,所述IMU加速度信息为惯性测量单元的测量数据经过校准矩阵进行校准以及机体坐标系到地面坐标系的坐标变换之后,所得到的地 面坐标系下的加速度信息。可以理解的是,所述校准矩阵是用户在要飞行的地方校准得到的,校准矩阵在地球上任意地方都不同,飞行器在报磁力计干扰,要求用户校准之后才能确定所述校准矩阵。
其中,所述机体坐标系到地面坐标系的转换通过旋转变换矩阵完成,具体的,根据所述飞行器的姿态角,生成旋转变换矩阵,通过所述旋转变换矩阵,将所述IMU数据从机体坐标系转换到地面坐标系,生成所述IMU加速度信息以及所述IMU角速度信息。具体的,所述飞行器的姿态角包括:偏航角、俯仰角以及翻滚角,其中,所述偏航角为当前的融合偏航角,即实时的融合偏航角会用于计算旋转变换矩阵,进而用于下一次的融合,不断更新所述融合偏航角。例如:所述旋转变换矩阵为3*3的矩阵,其中包含了所述偏航角、俯仰角、翻滚角的正弦余弦函数,并根据具体情况选择不同的函数,一般而言,通过先转动偏航角,再转动俯仰角,最后转动翻滚角,例如:所述旋转变换矩阵为:
Figure PCTCN2020106862-appb-000001
其中,(φ,θ,ψ)为所述姿态角,φ为所述姿态角中的翻滚角,θ为所述姿态角中的俯仰角,ψ为所述姿态角中的偏航角。
步骤S20:根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;
其中,所述磁力计数据通过磁力计获取,所述磁力计数据包括:磁场强度信息,所述磁场强度为三轴磁场强度,由于磁力计测量的磁力计数据是机体坐标系下的三轴磁场强度,因此需要通过校准矩阵去除bias和交叉耦合,并且,通过旋转矩阵将其变换至地面坐标系下。具体的,请再参阅图6,图6是图5中的步骤S20的细化流程图;
如图6所示,所述根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量,包括:
步骤S21:根据所述GPS数据,获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量;
具体的,飞行器在室外开机后,飞行器的GPS模块会接收到GPS数据,所述GPS数据包括经纬度信息以及速度信息,通过对所述经纬度信息进行插值计算,从而确定所述飞行器的当前位置的标准磁场强度、磁偏角以及磁倾角,即获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量。
步骤S22:根据所述磁力计数据,确定磁力计的磁场向量;
具体的,所述飞行器设置有磁力计,所述磁力计可以为三轴磁力计,所述磁力计三轴读数组成一个向量,从而确定磁力计的磁场向量。
可以理解的是,由于磁力计数据存在干扰,需要对其进行校准。具体的,根据预设的校准矩阵对所述磁力计数据进行校准,生成校准后的磁力计数据,其中,所述预设的校准矩阵是用户在要飞行的地方校准得到的, 校准矩阵在地球上任意地方都不同,飞行器在报磁力计干扰,要求用户校准之后才能确定所述校准矩阵。
步骤S23:根据所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量以及所述磁力计的磁场向量,计算磁北极误差角;
其中,当地标准磁场强度、磁偏角以及磁倾角用来配合磁力计数据进行航向计算,将计算得到的航向与飞机实际航向进行对比,通过旋转矩阵进行变换,可以得到在飞行器当前融合的姿态信息下,飞行器的磁力计的磁北极误差。具体的,通过现有的姿态角旋转矩阵的转置矩阵乘以磁力计的磁场向量,得到变换后的磁场向量,所述飞行器的当前位置的标准的地球磁场向量,将所述变换后的磁场向量与所述飞行器的当前位置的标准的地球磁场向量进行矢量夹角求解,将求得的矢量夹角作为所述磁北极误差角。
步骤S24:根据所述磁北极误差角,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量。
具体的,所述飞行器设置有反馈控制器,将所述磁北极误差角输入所述反馈控制器,所述反馈控制器通过反馈控制算法对所述磁北极误差角进行计算,生成所述偏航角角速度修正量,例如:所述偏航角角速度修正量与所述磁北极误差角负相关,比如:通过如下公式计算所述偏航角角速度修正量,Correct=-K*error;其中,Correct为偏航角角速度修正量,K为增益,K值需要工程师根据情况设计。
步骤S30:根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;
其中,所述IMU加速度为对惯性测量单元IMU测量得到的原始IMU数据进行相应的处理得到的加速度信息,例如:对所述原始IMU数据进行坐标系变换、bias估计等。具体的,请参阅图7,图7是图5中的步骤S30的细化流程图;
如图7所示,所述根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值,包括:
步骤S31:对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息;
具体的,所述IMU数据为惯性测量单元IMU测量得到的原始IMU数据,需要对其进行坐标系变换,将机体坐标系变换到地面坐标系,其中,所述机体坐标系到地面坐标系的转换通过旋转变换矩阵完成,具体的,根据所述飞行器的姿态角,生成旋转变换矩阵,通过所述旋转变换矩阵,将所述IMU数据从机体坐标系转换到地面坐标系,生成所述IMU加速度信息以及所述IMU角速度信息。具体的,所述飞行器的姿态角包括:偏航角、俯仰角以及翻滚角,其中,所述偏航角为当前的融合偏航角,即实时的融合偏航角会用于计算旋转变换矩阵,进而用于下一次的融合,不断更新所述融合偏航角。例如:所述旋转变换矩阵为3*3的矩阵,其中包含了所述偏航 角、俯仰角、翻滚角的正弦余弦函数,并根据具体情况选择不同的函数,一般而言,通过先转动偏航角,再转动俯仰角,最后转动翻滚角,例如:所述旋转变换矩阵为:
Figure PCTCN2020106862-appb-000002
其中,(φ,θ,ψ)为所述姿态角,φ为所述姿态角中的翻滚角,θ为所述姿态角中的俯仰角,ψ为所述姿态角中的偏航角。
在本发明实施例中,在对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息之前,该方法还包括:
根据所述IMU数据,生成静止标志位,其中,所述静止标志位用于反映所述飞行器是否处于静止状态;
根据所述IMU数据和所述静止标志位,获得IMU数据的偏移数据;
获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值;则,
所述对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息,包括:
对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息。
具体的,在对所述IMU数据进行坐标系变换之前,对所述IMU数据进行bias估计。由于IMU数据有偏移特性,因此需要将其bias考虑进去。通过惯性测量单元IMU采集的加速度和角速度信息,判断飞机是否处于静止状态下,生成一个静止标志位,再将IMU数据和静止标志位打包,进行bias估计,获得IMU数据的偏移数据,即得到加速度bias信息和角速度bias信息,其中,所述加速度bias信息和角速度bias信息均为对应的零偏值,获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值,亦即,将IMU数据中的加速度信息与所述加速度bias信息进行作差,生成预估的加速度信息,同理,将IMU数据中的角速度信息与所述角速度bias信息进行作差,生成预估的角速度信息,通过bias估计去除零偏的影响,有利于修正偏航角。
其中,所述对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息,包括:通过将所述预估的加速度信息与所述预估的角速度信息进行坐标系变换,生成地面坐标系下的加速度信息和角速度信息。可以理解的是,所述地面坐标系下的加速度信息和角速度信息仍然不够准确,需要进一步的修正。
步骤S32:对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,以生成水平加速度信息;
具体的,所述GPS数据用于计算GPS加速度和GPS速度,由于GPS数据计算出的GPS加速度存在噪声,因此需要进行信号处理,例如:滤波处 理,其中,滤波算法多种多样,卡尔曼滤波、均值滤波、频域低通滤波等等。将所述GPS数据进行滤波处理后,数据噪声消除,能够提高准确度,通过对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,生成水平加速度信息以及水平速度信息。
步骤S33:对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息求矢量夹角,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
具体的,由于IMU加速度信息和水平加速度信息来自于不同的传感器,因此可以将所述IMU加速度信息和所述水平加速度信息用于进行偏航角修正。通过对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息进行矢量夹角求解,从而计算地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息的角度差,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
步骤S40:根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;
具体的,所述根据所述IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度,包括:
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行求和,将求和结果作为所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度,其中,所述初始互补融合偏航角为一次互补修正后的偏航角角速度信息。
具体的,所述方法还包括:将所述第一偏航角角速度误差值输入反馈控制器,所述反馈控制器通过反馈控制算法,对所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行计算,生成偏航角角速度补偿量,例如:所述偏航角角速度补偿量与所述第一偏航角角速度误差值负相关,比如:通过如下公式计算所述偏航角角速度补偿量,Correct=-K*error;其中,Correct为偏航角角速度补偿量,K为增益,K值需要工程师根据情况设计。
通过对所述IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述偏航角角速度补偿量进行融合,生成初始互补融合偏航角,其中,所述初始互补融合偏航角为一次互补修正后的偏航角角速度信息。
步骤S50:根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;
具体的,请参阅图8,图8是图5中的步骤S50的细化流程图;
如图8所示,所述根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,包括:
步骤S51:对所述IMU加速度信息进行积分,以生成积分IMU速度信息;
具体的,对地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息进行积分,生成积分IMU速度信息。
步骤S52:对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息;
由于积分运算获取的积分IMU速度信息可能存在漂移,因此需要对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息。
步骤S53:对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化GPS速度信息;
由于所述GPS速度信息可能存在漂移,因此需要对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息。
步骤S54:根据所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息,生成速度差值;
具体的,通过对所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息进行向量化处理,分别得到所述归一化IMU速度信息对应的水平面的单位向量以及所述归一化GPS速度信息对应的水平面的单位向量,通过对所述两个单位向量进行求矢量夹角运算,生成速度差值。
步骤S55:对所述速度差值进行微分,生成所述第二偏航角角速度误差值。
具体的,由于惯性测量单元IMU的加速度计存在bias,因此求得的速度差值准确性不高,但是通过微分处理之后,能够消除bias的影响,因此通过对所述速度差值进行微分来进行修正,生成第二偏航角角速度误差值。可以理解的是,在对所述速度差值进行微分处理之后,所述方法还包括:对所述微分后的速度差值进行滤波处理,其中,滤波算法多种多样,卡尔曼滤波、均值滤波、频域低通滤波等等。对所述速度差值进行微分处理以及滤波处理后,生成第二偏航角角速度误差值。
步骤S60:根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。
由于初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值均为飞行器偏航角角速度信息,均含有一定的不准确性,为了进一步提高融合的准确性,因此对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值进行二次互补滤波,生成准确的偏航角角速度信息。
具体的,请参阅图9,图9是图5中的步骤S60的细化流程图;
如图9所示,所述根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角,包括:
步骤S61:计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第一角速度差值;
具体的,所述上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角为上一次融合完成的最终互补融合偏航角,由于飞行器的每个采样步长均会做误差计算,通过反馈回路一直不停地进行,即偏航角也在不停地更新,因此每一采样时刻均对应唯一的最终互补融合偏航角。通过计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速 度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,将所述差值作为第一角速度差值,有利于进行误差修正。
在本发明实施例中,在计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第一角速度差值步骤之前,所述方法还包括:
对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度进行去野值处理和滤波处理,可以理解的是,在初始互补融合偏航角角速度信号中,存在偏离太远的值,称为野值,将所述野值置零,相当于进行了去野值处理,所述滤波处理通过滤波算法进行,其中,滤波算法多种多样,卡尔曼滤波、均值滤波、频域低通滤波等等。
步骤S62:计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第二角速度差值;
具体的,所述上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角为上一次融合完成的最终互补融合偏航角,由于飞行器的每个采样步长均会做误差计算,通过反馈回路一直不停地进行,即偏航角也在不停地更新,因此每一采样时刻均对应唯一的最终互补融合偏航角。通过计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,将所述差值确定为第二角速度差值,有利于进行误差修正。
在本发明实施例中,在计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第二角速度差值步骤之前,所述方法还包括:
对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值进行去野值处理。根据去野值处理之后的结果与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第二角速度差值。
步骤S63:根据所述第一角速度差值以及第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重;
具体的,所述根据所述第一角速度差值以及第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重,包括:对所述第一角速度差值以及所述第二角速度差值求和,得到求和结果,分别计算所述第一角速度差值和第二角速度差值与所述求和结果的比值,将所述第一角速度差值与所述求和结果的比值作为第一权重,将所述第二角速度差值与所述求和结果的比值作为第二权重。
步骤S64:对所述第一权重和第二权重进行归一化处理,生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数;
具体的,对所述第一权重和第二权重分别进行归一化处理,生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数,所述第一权重比例系数和第二权重比例系数用于消除初始互补融合偏航角角速度和第二偏航角角速度误差值的融合值的大小差异影响,通过权重比例系数的方式加权平均,能够使结果更为准确。
步骤S65:对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第一权重比例 系数进行求积,生成第一乘积值;
步骤S66:对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值以及所述第二权重比例系数进行求积,生成第二乘积值;
步骤S67:根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
具体的,对所述第一乘积值和第二乘积值进行求和,将求和的结果作为所述最终互补融合偏航角。
请再参阅图10,图10是图9中的步骤S67的细化流程图;
如图10所示,所述根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角,包括:
步骤S671:对所述第一权重和第二权重进行求和,生成权重和;
步骤S672:对所述第一乘积值和第二乘积值进行求和,生成乘积和;
步骤S673:根据所述权重和以及所述乘积和,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
具体的,将所述乘积和除以所述权重和,将相除的结果作为所述最终互补融合偏航角。通过乘积和除以权重和的方式,能够进一步提高融合的准确性。
在本发明实施例中,通过提供一种偏航角的融合方法,应用于飞行器,所述方法包括:获取磁力计数据、IMU数据、GPS数据,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;根据所述IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。通过上述方式,本发明实施例能够解决一次互补滤波误差较大的技术问题,提高偏航角的融合精度以及稳定性。
实施例二
请参阅图11,图11是本发明实施例提供的一种偏航角的融合装置的示意图;
如图11所示,该偏航角的融合装置110,应用于飞行器,具体的,所述偏航角的融合装置110可以为飞行器的飞行控制器,所述装置包括:
获取模块111,用于获取磁力计数据、IMU数据、GPS数据,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;
偏航角角速度修正量模块112,用于根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;
第一偏航角角速度误差值模块113,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;
初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块114,用于根据所述IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;
第二偏航角角速度误差值模块115,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;
最终互补融合偏航角模块116,用于根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。
在本发明实施例中,所述偏航角角速度修正量模块112,具体用于:
根据所述GPS数据,获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量;
根据所述磁力计数据,确定磁力计的磁场向量;
根据所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量以及所述磁力计的磁场向量,计算磁北极误差角;
根据所述磁北极误差角,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量。
在本发明实施例中,所述第一偏航角角速度误差值模块113,具体用于:
对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,生成地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息;
对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,生成水平加速度信息;
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息求矢量夹角,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
在本发明实施例中,所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块114,具体用于:
对所述地面坐标系下的IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行求和,将求和结果作为所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度。
在本发明实施例中,所述第二偏航角角速度误差值模块115,具体用于:
对所述IMU加速度信息进行积分,以生成积分IMU速度信息;
对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息;
对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化GPS速度信息;
根据所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息,生成速度差值;
对所述速度差值进行微分,生成第二偏航角角速度误差值。
在本发明实施例中,所述装置还包括:
静止标志位模块,用于根据所述IMU数据,生成静止标志位,其中,所述静止标志位用于反映所述飞行器是否处于静止状态;
IMU偏移数据差值模块,用于根据所述IMU数据和所述静止标志位, 获得IMU数据的偏移数据;获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值;
所述第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息。
请再参阅图12,图12是图11中的最终互补融合偏航角模块的示意图;
如图12所示,所述最终互补融合偏航角模块116,包括:
第一角速度差值单元1161,用于计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第一角速度差值;
第二角速度差值单元1162,用于计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,确定第二角速度差值;
权重单元1163,用于根据所述第一角速度差值以及第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重;
权重比例系数单元1164,用于对所述第一权重和第二权重进行归一化处理,生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数;
第一乘积值单元1165,用于对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第一权重比例系数进行求积,生成第一乘积值;
第二乘积值单元1166,用于对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值以及所述第二权重比例系数进行求积,生成第二乘积值;
最终互补融合偏航角单元1167,用于根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
请参阅图13,图13是本发明实施例提供一种飞行器的硬件结构示意图。其中,该飞行器可以是无人飞行器(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV),无人飞船等电子设备。
如图13所示,该飞行器1300包括一个或多个处理器1301以及存储器1302。其中,图13中以一个处理器1301为例。
处理器1301和存储器1302可以通过总线或者其他方式连接,图13中以通过总线连接为例。
存储器1302作为一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质,可用于存储非易失性软件程序、非易失性计算机可执行程序以及模块,如本发明实施例中的一种偏航角的融合方法对应的单元(例如,图11至图12所述的各个模块或单元)。处理器1301通过运行存储在存储器1302中的非易失性软件程序、指令以及模块,从而执行偏航角的融合方法的各种功能应用以及数据处理,即实现上述方法实施例偏航角的融合方法以及上述装置实施例的各个模块和单元的功能。
存储器1302可以包括高速随机存取存储器,还可以包括非易失性存储器,例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非易失性固态存储器件。在一些实施例中,存储器1302可选包括相对于处理器1301远程设置 的存储器,这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至处理器1301。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
所述模块存储在所述存储器1302中,当被所述一个或者多个处理器1301执行时,执行上述任意方法实施例中的偏航角的融合方法,例如,执行以上描述的图5至图10所示的各个步骤;也可实现图11至图12所述的各个模块或单元的功能。
请参阅图14和图15,所述飞行器1300还包括动力装置1303,所述动力装置1303用于飞行器提供飞行动力,所述动力装置1303与处理器1301连接。所述动力装置1303包括:驱动电机13031及电调13032,所述电调13032与驱动电机13031电连接,用于控制所述驱动电机13031。具体的,所述电调13032基于处理器1301执行上述偏航角的融合方法后得到的融合偏航角,生成控制指令,通过控制指令控制该驱动电机13031。
所述飞行器1300可执行本发明实施例一所提供的偏航角的融合方法,具备执行方法相应的功能模块和有益效果。未在飞行器实施例中详尽描述的技术细节,可参见本发明实施例一所提供的偏航角的融合方法。
本发明实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品,所述计算机程序产品包括存储在非易失性计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括程序指令,当所述程序指令被计算机执行时,使所述计算机执行如上所述的偏航角的融合方法。例如,执行以上描述的图5中的方法步骤S10至步骤S60。
本发明实施例还提供了一种非易失性计算机存储介质,所述计算机存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令,该计算机可执行指令被一个或多个处理器执行,例如图13中的一个处理器1301,可使得上述一个或多个处理器可执行上述任意方法实施例中的偏航角的融合方法,例如,执行上述任意方法实施例中的偏航角的融合方法,例如,执行以上描述的图5至图10所示的各个步骤;也可实现图11至图12所述的各个模块或单元的功能。
在本发明实施例中,通过提供一种偏航角的融合装置,应用于飞行器,所述装置包括:获取模块,用于获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;偏航角角速度修正量模块,用于根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块,用于根据所述IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;第二偏航角角速度误差值模块,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;最终互补融合偏航角模块,用于根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合 偏航角。通过上述方式,本发明实施例解决一次互补滤波误差较大的技术问题,提高偏航角的融合精度以及稳定性。
以上所描述的装置或设备实施例仅仅是示意性的,其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为模块单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络模块单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
通过以上的实施方式的描述,本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加通用硬件平台的方式来实现,当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解,上述技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等,包括若干指令用直至得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;在本发明的思路下,以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合,步骤可以以任意顺序实现,并存在如上所述的本发明的不同方面的许多其它变化,为了简明,它们没有在细节中提供;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种偏航角的融合方法,应用于飞行器,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,其中,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;
    根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;
    根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;
    根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;
    根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;
    根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量,包括:
    根据所述GPS数据,获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量;
    根据所述磁力计数据,确定磁力计的磁场向量;
    根据所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量以及所述磁力计的磁场向量,计算磁北极误差角;
    根据所述磁北极误差角,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,包括:
    对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息;
    对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,以生成水平加速度信息;
    对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息求矢量夹角,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息之前,该方法还包括:
    根据所述IMU数据,生成静止标志位,其中,所述静止标志位用于反映所述飞行器是否处于静止状态;
    根据所述IMU数据和所述静止标志位,获得IMU数据的偏移数据;
    获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值;则,
    所述对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加 速度信息,包括:
    对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度,包括:
    对所述地面坐标系下的IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行求和,将求和结果作为所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,包括:
    对所述IMU加速度信息进行积分,以生成积分IMU速度信息;
    对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息;
    对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化GPS速度信息;
    根据所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息,生成速度差值;
    对所述速度差值进行微分,生成所述第二偏航角角速度误差值。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角,包括:
    计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第一角速度差值;
    计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与所述上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第二角速度差值;
    根据所述第一角速度差值以及所述第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重;
    对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行归一化处理,以生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数;
    对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第一权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第一乘积值;
    对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值以及所述第二权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第二乘积值;
    根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角,包括:
    对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行求和,以生成权重和;
    对所述第一乘积值和所述第二乘积值进行求和,以生成乘积和;
    根据所述权重和以及所述乘积和,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
  9. 一种偏航角的融合装置,应用于飞行器,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    获取模块,用于获取磁力计数据、IMU数据以及GPS数据,其中,所述IMU数据包括IMU加速度信息以及IMU角速度信息,所述GPS数据包括GPS速度信息以及GPS加速度信息;
    偏航角角速度修正量模块,用于根据所述GPS数据以及所述磁力计数据,确定偏航角角速度修正量;
    第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS加速度信息,确定第一偏航角角速度误差值;
    初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块,用于根据所述IMU角速度信息、所述偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值,确定初始互补融合偏航角角速度;
    第二偏航角角速度误差值模块,用于根据所述IMU加速度信息以及所述GPS速度信息,确定第二偏航角角速度误差值;
    最终互补融合偏航角模块,用于根据所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第二偏航角角速度误差值,确定最终互补融合偏航角。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述偏航角角速度修正量模块,具体用于:
    根据所述GPS数据,获取所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量;
    根据所述磁力计数据,确定磁力计的磁场向量;
    根据所述飞行器当前位置的磁场向量以及所述磁力计的磁场向量,计算磁北极误差角;
    根据所述磁北极误差角,确定所述偏航角角速度修正量。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
    对所述IMU数据进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息;
    对所述GPS数据进行信号处理,以生成水平加速度信息;
    对所述地面坐标系下的IMU加速度信息以及所述水平加速度信息求矢量夹角,将所述矢量夹角作为所述第一偏航角角速度误差值。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    静止标志位模块,用于根据所述IMU数据,生成静止标志位,其中,所述静止标志位用于反映所述飞行器是否处于静止状态;
    IMU偏移数据差值模块,用于根据所述IMU数据和所述静止标志位,获得IMU数据的偏移数据;获取所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值;
    所述第一偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
    对所述IMU数据和所述IMU数据的偏移数据的差值进行坐标变换,以生成地面坐标系下的所述IMU加速度信息。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度模块,具体用于:
    对所述地面坐标系下的IMU角速度信息、偏航角角速度修正量以及所述第一偏航角角速度误差值进行求和,将求和结果作为所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二偏航角角速度误差值模块,具体用于:
    对所述IMU加速度信息进行积分,以生成积分IMU速度信息;
    对所述积分IMU速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化IMU速度信息;
    对所述GPS速度信息进行归一化处理,生成归一化GPS速度信息;
    根据所述归一化IMU速度信息以及所述归一化GPS速度信息,生成速度差值;
    对所述速度差值进行微分,生成所述第二偏航角角速度误差值。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述最终互补融合偏航角模块,包括:
    第一角速度差值单元,用于计算所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度与上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第一角速度差值;
    第二角速度差值单元,用于计算所述第二偏航角角速度误差值与所述上一时刻的最终互补融合偏航角的差值,以确定第二角速度差值;
    权重单元,用于根据所述第一角速度差值以及所述第二角速度差值,确定第一权重和第二权重;
    权重比例系数单元,用于对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行归一化处理,以生成第一权重比例系数以及第二权重比例系数;
    第一乘积值单元,用于对所述初始互补融合偏航角角速度以及所述第一权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第一乘积值;
    第二乘积值单元,用于对所述第二偏航角角速度误差值以及所述第二权重比例系数进行求积,以生成第二乘积值;
    最终互补融合偏航角单元,用于根据所述第一乘积值以及所述第二乘积 值,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述最终互补融合偏航角单元,具体用于:
    对所述第一权重和所述第二权重进行求和,以生成权重和;
    对所述第一乘积值和所述第二乘积值进行求和,以生成乘积和;
    根据所述权重和以及所述乘积和,确定所述最终互补融合偏航角。
  17. 一种飞行器,其特征在于,包括:
    机身;
    机臂,与所述机身相连;
    动力装置,设于所述机臂,用于给所述飞行器提供飞行的动力;以及
    飞行控制器,设于所述机身;
    其中,所述飞行控制器包括:
    至少一个处理器;以及,
    与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;其中,
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行,以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法。
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