WO2021027535A1 - 二次电池 - Google Patents

二次电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027535A1
WO2021027535A1 PCT/CN2020/104706 CN2020104706W WO2021027535A1 WO 2021027535 A1 WO2021027535 A1 WO 2021027535A1 CN 2020104706 W CN2020104706 W CN 2020104706W WO 2021027535 A1 WO2021027535 A1 WO 2021027535A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protrusion
current collecting
area
slit
tab
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/104706
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏曦晨
朱宝健
徐守江
陈雷
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP20853108.7A priority Critical patent/EP3934013B1/en
Priority to EP24171316.3A priority patent/EP4379912A1/en
Publication of WO2021027535A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027535A1/zh
Priority to US17/557,172 priority patent/US20220115751A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0472—Vertically superposed cells with vertically disposed plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery generally includes an electrode assembly, a case, an electrode terminal, and a current collecting member, and the current collecting member is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly and the electrode terminal.
  • the electrode assembly is usually provided with tabs, which are connected to the current collecting member.
  • the tab has a relatively large length. In order to reduce the space occupied by the tab, the tab is usually bent. However, due to the lack of support at the root of the tab, it is easy to be inserted into the electrode assembly during the bending process, thereby causing a risk of short circuit.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a secondary battery, which can reduce the risk of short circuit and improve safety performance.
  • a secondary battery which includes an electrode assembly, a casing, a top cover assembly, a current collecting member, and an insulating member.
  • the electrode assembly is housed in the casing and includes a main body and a first tab.
  • the first tab extends from one end of the main body in the transverse direction.
  • the top cover assembly includes a top cover plate and a first electrode terminal arranged on the top cover plate, the top cover plate is connected to the housing, and the first electrode terminal is connected to the current collecting member.
  • the insulating member is disposed between the main body and the current collecting member, and the insulating member has a through gap. The first tab passes through the gap and is connected to the current collecting member.
  • the slit extends from the surface of the protrusion away from the substrate and penetrates the protrusion and the substrate.
  • the current collecting member includes a first current collecting plate, the first current collecting plate is located on a side of the base plate away from the main body part and is attached to the main part, and the protrusion is located on the longitudinal side of the first current collecting plate.
  • the first collecting plate is connected to the first tab.
  • the thickness of the protrusion is less than or equal to the thickness of the first current collecting plate.
  • the protrusion of the insulating member is plural, and the plurality of protrusions include a first protrusion and a second protrusion arranged in a longitudinal direction.
  • the first current collecting plate is located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion; there are a plurality of slits, and the plurality of slits includes a first slit and a second slit.
  • the first slit penetrates the first protrusion and the substrate, and the second The slit penetrates the second protrusion and the substrate.
  • There are a plurality of electrode assemblies and the plurality of electrode assemblies includes a first electrode assembly and a second electrode assembly. The first tab of the first electrode assembly passes through the first gap and is connected to the first current collecting plate, and the first tab of the second electrode assembly passes through the second gap and is connected to the first current collecting plate.
  • the first tab passing through the first gap is bent toward the side close to the second electrode assembly and connected to the first current collecting plate, and the first tab passing through the second gap is bent toward the side close to the first electrode assembly Fold and connect to the first collecting plate.
  • each protrusion includes a first area and a second area, the first area and the second area are arranged in a height direction; in the longitudinal direction, the width of the first area is greater than the width of the second area.
  • the first slit penetrates the first area of the first protrusion
  • the second slit penetrates the first area of the second protrusion.
  • the arrangement direction of the first area and the second area of the first protrusion is opposite to the arrangement direction of the first area and the second area of the second protrusion.
  • the current collecting member further includes a second current collecting plate, and the second current collecting plate is located between the third protrusion and the fourth protrusion.
  • the plurality of slits further includes a third slit and a fourth slit, the third slit penetrates the third protrusion and the substrate, and the fourth slit penetrates the fourth protrusion and the substrate.
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies includes a third electrode assembly and a fourth electrode assembly. The first tab of the third electrode assembly passes through the third gap and is connected to the second current collecting plate, and the first tab of the fourth electrode assembly passes through the fourth gap and is connected to the second current collecting plate.
  • the insulating member is bonded to the current collecting member.
  • the gap of the insulating member can close the tab, and restrain the deformation of the tab during the bending of the tab, and reduce the root of the tab to be inserted into the main body. The risk of short circuit is avoided and safety performance is improved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first pole piece of the electrode assembly of the secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application in an unfolded state
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly, a current collecting member, and an insulating member of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the insulating member of Fig. 6.
  • the secondary battery of the present application includes an electrode assembly 1, a case 2, a top cover assembly 3, a current collecting member 4, and an insulating member 5.
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a first pole piece 14, a second pole piece 15 and a diaphragm 16, and the diaphragm 16 is disposed between the first pole piece 14 and the second pole piece 15.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is formed by spirally winding the first pole piece 14, the diaphragm 16, and the second pole piece 15, and is pressed by pressure to form a flat structure.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is the core component of the secondary battery to realize the charge and discharge function.
  • the first pole piece 14 includes a first current collector and a first active material layer coated on the surface of the first current collector.
  • the first pole piece 14 may be a positive pole piece, the first current collector is aluminum foil, and the first active material layer includes active materials such as lithium manganate and lithium iron phosphate.
  • the active material (such as lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate), binder, conductive agent and solvent can be made into a slurry, and then the slurry can be coated on the two surfaces of the first current collector. After the slurry is cured, the second An active material layer.
  • the first uncoated regions 142 may be multiple and arranged at intervals. After the first pole piece 14 is wound into shape, the plurality of first uncoated regions 142 are stacked together.
  • the second pole piece 15 includes a second current collector and a second active material layer coated on the surface of the second current collector.
  • the second active material layer and the area of the second current collector coated with the second active material layer form a second
  • the second coating area of the pole piece 15 and the area where the second current collector is not coated with the second active material layer form the second uncoated area of the second pole piece 15.
  • the second uncoated regions may be multiple and arranged at intervals. After the second pole piece 15 is wound into shape, the plurality of second uncoated regions are stacked together.
  • the structure of the second pole piece 15 is similar to that of the first pole piece 14. The difference is that the material of the second current collector can be copper foil, and the second active material layer includes active materials such as graphite or silicon.
  • the diaphragm 16 may be a polyethylene (PE) film, a polypropylene (PP) film, or a PP ⁇ PE ⁇ PP three-layer composite film.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the electrode assembly 1 After the electrode assembly 1 is wound and formed, from the appearance of the electrode assembly 1, the electrode assembly 1 includes a main body 11, a first tab 12 and a second tab 13.
  • the main body 11 includes a first coating area 141, a diaphragm 16 and a second coating area of the second pole piece 15.
  • the first tab 12 includes a plurality of first uncoated regions 142 stacked together, and the second tab 13 includes a plurality of second uncoated regions stacked together.
  • the winding axis of the electrode assembly 1 is substantially parallel to the transverse direction X, the first tab 12 extends from one end of the main body portion 11 in the transverse direction X, and the second tab 13 extends from the other end of the main body portion 11 in the transverse direction X.
  • the housing 2 may have a hexahedral shape or other shapes.
  • a receiving cavity is formed inside the casing 2 to contain the electrode assembly 1 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 2 has an opening at one end, and the electrode assembly 1 can be placed into the receiving cavity of the housing 2 through the opening.
  • the housing 2 may be made of conductive metal material, preferably, the housing 2 is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the top cover assembly 3 includes a top cover plate 31, a first electrode terminal 32 and a second electrode terminal 33.
  • the top cover plate 31 is disposed on the casing 2 and covers the opening of the casing 2 so as to enclose the electrode assembly 1 in the casing 2.
  • the top cover 31 can be connected to the housing 2 by welding or the like.
  • the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are disposed on the top cover plate 31, and the first electrode terminal 32 is electrically connected to the first tab 12, and the second electrode terminal 33 is electrically connected to the second tab 13.
  • the first tab 12 includes a multilayer first uncoated area 142, and the multilayer first uncoated area 142 is welded to the current collecting member 4. After the welding is completed, in order to reduce the space occupied by the first tab 12, the first tab 12 is usually bent. However, for the portion of the first uncoated area 142 between the welding area and the main body portion 11, the multilayer first uncoated area 142 is in a dispersed state; in the process of bending the first tab 12, it is in a dispersed state.
  • the multi-layer first uncoated region 142 in the state lacks support, so the root of each first uncoated region 142 is easily deformed and inserted inwardly into the main body portion 11, thereby causing a risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member 5 is provided on one side of the main body 11 in the present application. 6 to 8, the insulating member 5 is provided between the main body portion 11 and the current collecting member 4, and the insulating member 5 has a slit S through it.
  • the slit S may be elongated.
  • the first tab 12 passes through the gap S and is connected to the current collecting member 4.
  • the portion of the first tab 12 passing through the gap S may be welded to the current collecting member 4.
  • the gap S can gather the multi-layer first uncoated region 142 of the first tab 12 together.
  • the gap S of the insulating member 5 can close the first tab 12, and restrain the first tab 12 from deforming during the bending of the first tab 12, and lower the root of the first tab 12 to insert into the main body. 11 risks to avoid short circuits and improve safety performance.
  • the insulating member 5 may be fixed to the current collecting member 4 to prevent the insulating member 5 from shaking in the secondary battery. For example, the insulating member 5 may be adhered to the current collecting member 4.
  • the insulating member 5 includes a base plate 51 and a protrusion 52 extending from the base plate 51 along the lateral direction X away from the surface of the main body portion 11.
  • the substrate 51 is generally a flat plate perpendicular to the lateral X direction.
  • the slit S extends from the surface of the protrusion 52 away from the substrate 51 and penetrates the protrusion 52 and the substrate 51. By providing the protrusion 52, the depth of the slit S along the transverse direction X can be increased to improve the ability of the slit S to gather the first tab 12.
  • the current collecting member 4 includes a first current collecting plate 41 and a terminal connection plate 43.
  • the first current collecting plate 41 generally extends in a direction perpendicular to the transverse direction X, and the first current collecting plate 41 is located on a side of the base plate 51 away from the main body portion 11.
  • the terminal connection plate 43 is bent relative to the first current collecting plate 41 and connects the first current collecting plate 41 and the first electrode terminal 32.
  • the terminal connection plate 43 may be located above the substrate 51 in the height direction Z.
  • the first current collecting plate 41 is attached to the main body 11. Preferably, the first current collecting plate 41 is adhered to the main body 11.
  • the protrusion 52 is located on the side of the first current collecting plate 41 along the longitudinal direction Y, so that the protrusion 52 and the first current collecting plate 41 can be prevented from being superimposed in the lateral direction X, and the insulating member 5 and the current collecting member 4 are reduced in the lateral direction X.
  • the occupied space increases the energy density.
  • the first current collecting plate 41 is connected to the first tab 12. After the first tab 12 passes through the gap S, it can be connected to the first current collecting plate 41 by ultrasonic welding.
  • the thickness of the protrusion 52 is less than or equal to the thickness of the first current collecting plate 41. This can prevent the protrusion 52 from occupying additional space in the lateral direction X.
  • the plurality of protrusions 52 include a first protrusion 52a and a second protrusion 52b arranged in the longitudinal direction Y.
  • the first current collecting plate 41 is located between the first protrusion 52a and the second protrusion 52b.
  • the first protrusion 52a and the second protrusion 52b can support the first current collecting plate 41 from both sides, limit the shaking of the first current collecting plate 41, and reduce the risk of the first tab 12 being pulled apart.
  • the first protrusion 52a and the second protrusion 52b also contribute to the positioning and assembly of the first current collecting plate 41.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is usually provided in plural. If the first tabs 12 of a plurality of electrode assemblies 1 pass through the same gap S, there will be a large dislocation between the plurality of first tabs 12, which increases the difficulty of closing the first tabs 12.
  • the slits S are provided in multiples, the multiple slits S include a first slit S1 and a second slit S2, the first slit S1 penetrates the first protrusion 52a and the substrate 51, and the second slit S2 penetrates the second protrusion 52b and substrate 51.
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies 1 includes a first electrode assembly 1a and a second electrode assembly 1b; the first tab 12 of the first electrode assembly 1a passes through the first gap S1 and is connected to the first current collecting plate 41, and the second electrode assembly 1b The first tab 12 passes through the second gap S2 and is connected to the first collecting plate 41.
  • the first slit S1 and the second slit S2 are misaligned. In other words, in the height direction Z, the first slit S1 and the second slit S2 are at different heights.
  • the first tab 12 passing through the first slit S1 is bent toward the side close to the second electrode assembly 1b and is connected to the first current collecting plate 41, and the first tab 12 passing through the second slit S2 faces close to the first One side of the electrode assembly 1 a is bent and connected to the first current collecting plate 41.
  • first tab 12 of the first electrode assembly 1a and the first tab 12 of the second electrode assembly 1b are flush in the height direction Z, the first tab 12 of the first electrode assembly 1a and the second electrode assembly 1b
  • the first lugs 12 are easily stacked together, which will increase the welding difficulty and cause the risk of poor welding.
  • the first tab 12 of the first electrode assembly 1a and the first tab 12 of the second electrode assembly 1b can be staggered up and down to avoid The first tab 12 of the first electrode assembly 1a and the first tab 12 of the second electrode assembly 1b are laminated together to reduce the risk of poor welding.
  • each protrusion 52 includes a first area 521 and a second area 522, the first area 521 and the second area 522 are arranged along the height direction Z; in the longitudinal direction Y, the width of the first area 521 is larger than the first area 521 The width of the second area 522.
  • the first slit S1 penetrates the first area 521 of the first protrusion 52a, and the second slit S2 penetrates the first area 521 of the second protrusion 52b.
  • the width of the first area 521 by increasing the width of the first area 521, it is convenient to open the slit S in the first area 521.
  • the width of the second region 522 can be appropriately reduced to reduce the space occupied by the second region 522 and increase the energy density.
  • the arrangement direction of the first area 521 and the second area 522 of the first protrusion 52a is opposite to the arrangement direction of the first area 521 and the second area 522 of the second protrusion 52b. In this way, the first slit S1 and the second slit S2 can be displaced up and down.
  • the edge of the first area 521 close to the first current collecting plate 41 is flush with the edge of the second area 522 close to the first current collecting plate 41.
  • the flush edges of the first area 521 and the second area 522 can better support the first current collecting plate 41 and restrict the shaking of the first current collecting plate 41 in the longitudinal direction Y.
  • the main body portion 11 is provided with a through hole H, and the through hole H is formed at least on the side of the first protrusion 52 a away from the first current collecting plate 41.
  • the electrolyte inside the housing 2 can freely pass through the through hole H, thereby ensuring the infiltration performance of the electrolyte and improving the cycle life.
  • the through hole H is also formed on the side of the second protrusion 52 b away from the first current collecting plate 41.
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies 1 includes a third electrode assembly 1c and a fourth electrode assembly 1d.
  • the current collecting member 4 further includes a second current collecting plate 42, and the second current collecting plate 42 electrically connects the third electrode assembly 1 c and the fourth electrode assembly 1 d to the first electrode terminal 32.
  • the plurality of protrusions 52 includes a third protrusion 52c and a fourth protrusion 52d, and the first protrusion 52a, the second protrusion 52b, the third protrusion 52c, and the fourth protrusion 52d are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction Y.
  • the second current collecting plate 42 is located between the third protrusion 52c and the fourth protrusion 52d.
  • the third protrusion 52c and the fourth protrusion 52d support the second current collecting plate 42 from both sides, limit the shaking of the second current collecting plate 42 and reduce the risk of the first tab 12 being pulled apart.
  • the third protrusion 52c and the fourth protrusion 52d also contribute to the positioning and assembly of the second current collecting plate 42.
  • the plurality of slits S further includes a third slit S3 and a fourth slit S4.
  • the third slit S3 penetrates the third protrusion 52c and the substrate 51
  • the fourth slit S4 penetrates the fourth protrusion 52d and the substrate 51.
  • the first tab 12 of the third electrode assembly 1c passes through the third slit S3 and is connected to the second current collecting plate 42, and the first tab 12 of the fourth electrode assembly 1d passes through the fourth slit S4 and is connected to the second collector. Flow plate 42.
  • the shape of the third protrusion 52c is the same as the shape of the first protrusion 52a, and the shape of the fourth protrusion 52d is the same as the shape of the second protrusion 52b.
  • the third slit S3 and the fourth slit S4 are misaligned.
  • the through hole H is also formed between the second protrusion 52b and the third protrusion 52c.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种二次电池，该二次电池包括电极组件、壳体、顶盖组件、集流构件和绝缘构件。电极组件收容于壳体内且包括主体部和第一极耳，第一极耳从主体部沿横向的一端延伸。顶盖组件包括顶盖板和设置于顶盖板的第一电极端子，顶盖板连接于壳体，第一电极端子连接于集流构件。绝缘构件设置于主体部与集流构件之间，且绝缘构件具有贯通的缝隙。第一极耳穿过缝隙并连接于集流构件。

Description

二次电池
本申请要求于2019年8月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为201921309828.X、申请名称为“二次电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种二次电池。
背景技术
二次电池通常包括电极组件、壳体、电极端子和集流构件，集流构件用于电连接电极组件和电极端子。电极组件通常设有极耳，极耳连接于集流构件。极耳具有较大的长度，为了减小极耳占用的空间，通常会弯折极耳。然而，由于极耳的根部缺乏支撑，所以很容易在弯折的过程中插入电极组件内部，从而引发短路风险。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题，本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种二次电池，其能降低短路风险，提高安全性能。
为了实现上述目的，本申请实施例提供了一种二次电池，其包括电极组件、壳体、顶盖组件、集流构件和绝缘构件。电极组件收容于壳体内且包括主体部和第一极耳，第一极耳从主体部沿横向的一端延伸。顶盖组件包括顶盖板和设置于顶盖板的第一电极端子，顶盖板连接于壳体，第一电极端子连接于集流构件。绝缘构件设置于主体部与集流构件之间，且绝缘构件具有贯通的缝隙。第一极耳穿过缝隙并连接于集流构件。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，绝缘构件包括基板和突部，突部从基板沿横向远离主体部的表面延伸。缝隙从突部的远离基板的表面延伸并贯通突部和基板。集流构件包括第一集流板，第一集流板位于基板的远离主体部的一侧且贴合于主体部，突部位于第一集流板沿纵向的侧方。第一集流 板连接于第一极耳。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，在横向上，突部的厚度小于或等于第一集流板的厚度。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，绝缘构件的突部为多个，且所述多个突部包括沿纵向布置的第一突部和第二突部。第一集流板位于第一突部和第二突部之间；缝隙为多个，所述多个缝隙包括第一缝隙和第二缝隙，第一缝隙贯通第一突部和基板，第二缝隙贯通第二突部和基板。电极组件为多个，所述多个电极组件包括第一电极组件和第二电极组件。第一电极组件的第一极耳穿过第一缝隙并连接于第一集流板，第二电极组件的第一极耳穿过第二缝隙并连接于第一集流板。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，在高度方向上，第一缝隙和第二缝隙错位。穿过第一缝隙的第一极耳朝向靠近第二电极组件的一侧弯折并连接于第一集流板，穿过第二缝隙的第一极耳朝向靠近第一电极组件的一侧弯折并连接于第一集流板。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，各突部包括第一区域和第二区域，第一区域和第二区域沿高度方向布置；在纵向上，第一区域的宽度大于第二区域的宽度。第一缝隙贯通第一突部的第一区域，第二缝隙贯通第二突部的第一区域。沿高度方向，第一突部的第一区域和第二区域的布置方向与第二突部的第一区域和第二区域的布置方向相反。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，在纵向上，第一区域的靠近第一集流板的边缘与第二区域靠近第一集流板的边缘齐平。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，主体部设有通孔，通孔至少形成于第一突部的远离第一集流板的一侧。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，所述多个突部包括第三突部和第四突部，第一突部、第二突部、第三突部和第四突部沿纵向依次布置。集流构件还包括第二集流板，第二集流板位于第三突部和第四突部之间。所述多个缝隙还包括第三缝隙和第四缝隙，第三缝隙贯通第三突部和基板，第四缝隙贯通第四突部和基板。所述多个电极组件包括第三电极组件和第四电极组件。第三电极组件的第一极耳穿过第三缝隙并连接于第二集流板，第四电极组件的第一极耳穿过第四缝隙并连接于第二集流板。
如上所述的二次电池，其中，绝缘构件粘接于集流构件。
本申请的有益效果如下：在本申请实施例提供的二次电池中，绝缘构件的缝隙可以收拢极耳，并在弯折极耳的过程中束缚极耳变形，降低极耳的根部插入主体部的风险，从而避免短路，提高安全性能。
附图说明
图1为根据本申请实施例的二次电池的示意图；
图2为根据本申请实施例的二次电池的分解图；
图3为根据本申请实施例的二次电池的电极组件的示意图；
图4为图3的电极组件的断面图；
图5为根据本申请实施例的二次电池的电极组件的第一极片在展开状态的示意图；
图6为根据本申请实施例的二次电池的电极组件、集流构件及绝缘构件的示意图；
图7为图6沿线A-A作出的剖视图；
图8为图6的绝缘构件的示意图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1：电极组件；
11：主体部；
12：第一极耳；
13：第二极耳；
14：第一极片；
141：第一涂覆区；
142：第一未涂覆区；
15：第二极片；
16：隔膜；
1a：第一电极组件；
1b：第二电极组件；
1c：第三电极组件；
1d：第四电极组件；
2：壳体；
3：顶盖组件；
31：顶盖板；
32：第一电极端子；
33：第二电极端子；
4：集流构件；
41：第一集流板；
42：第二集流板；
43：端子连接板；
5：绝缘构件；
51：基板；
52：突部；
521：第一区域；
522：第二区域；
52a：第一突部；
52b：第二突部；
52c：第三突部；
52d：第四突部；
H：通孔；
S：缝隙；
S1：第一缝隙；
S2：第二缝隙；
S3：第三缝隙；
S4：第四缝隙；
X：横向；
Y：纵向；
Z：高度方向。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；术语“多个”是指两个以上(包括两个)；除非另有规定或说明，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接，或信号连接；“连接”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，本申请实施例所描述的“上”、“下”等方位词是以附图所示的角度来进行描述的，不应理解为对本申请实施例的限定。下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
参照图1和图2，本申请的二次电池包括电极组件1、壳体2、顶盖组件3、集流构件4和绝缘构件5。
参照图3和图4，电极组件1包括第一极片14、第二极片15和隔膜16，隔膜16设置于第一极片14和第二极片15之间。电极组件1通过螺旋地卷绕第一极片14、隔膜16和第二极片15来形成，并通过压力按压形成扁平状结构。电极组件1为二次电池实现充放电功能的核心部件。
第一极片14包括第一集流体和涂覆于第一集流体表面的第一活性物质层。第一极片14可为正极极片，第一集流体为铝箔，第一活性物质层包括锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂等活性材料。可将活性材料(例如锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂)、粘结剂、导电剂及溶剂制成浆料，然后将浆料涂布在第一集流体的两个表面，浆料固化后形成第一活性物质层。
第一集流体仅部分区域涂覆有第一活性物质层。参照图5，第一活性物质层以及第一集流体的涂覆有第一活性物质层的区域形成第一极片14的第一涂覆区141，第一集流体未涂覆第一活性物质层的区域形成第一极片14的第一未涂覆区142。第一未涂覆区142可为多个并间隔布置，当第一极片14卷绕成型后，多个第一未涂覆区142层叠在一起。
第二极片15包括第二集流体和涂覆于第二集流体表面的第二活性物质层，第二活性物质层以及第二集流体的涂覆有第二活性物质层的区域形成第二极片15的第二涂覆区，第二集流体未涂覆第二活性物质层的区域形成第二极片15的第二未涂覆区。第二未涂覆区可为多个并间隔布置，当第 二极片15卷绕成型后，多个第二未涂覆区层叠在一起。第二极片15的结构与第一极片14的结构相似，其区别在于，第二集流体的材质可为铜箔，第二活性物质层包括石墨或硅等活性材料。
隔膜16可为聚乙烯(PE)膜、聚丙烯(PP)膜、PP\PE\PP三层复合膜。
在电极组件1卷绕成型后，从电极组件1的外形来看，电极组件1包括主体部11、第一极耳12和第二极耳13。主体部11包括第一涂覆区141、隔膜16以及第二极片15的第二涂覆区，第一极耳12包括层叠在一起的多个第一未涂覆区142，第二极耳13包括层叠在一起的多个第二未涂覆区。
电极组件1的卷绕轴大体平行于横向X，第一极耳12从主体部11沿横向X的一端延伸，第二极耳13从主体部11沿横向X的另一端延伸。
壳体2可具有六面体形状或其它形状。壳体2内部形成收容腔，以容纳电极组件1和电解液。壳体2在一端形成开口，而电极组件1可经由开口放置到壳体2的收容腔。壳体2可由导电金属的材料制成，优选地，壳体2由铝或铝合金制成。
顶盖组件3包括顶盖板31、第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33。顶盖板31设置于壳体2并覆盖壳体2的开口，从而将电极组件1封闭在壳体2内。顶盖板31可通过焊接等方式连接于壳体2。第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33设置于顶盖板31，且第一电极端子32电连接于第一极耳12，第二电极端子33电连接于第二极耳13。
集流构件4可为两个，一个集流构件4连接第一极耳12和第一电极端子32，另一个集流构件4连接第二极耳13和第二电极端子33。
第一极耳12包括多层第一未涂覆区142，多层第一未涂覆区142焊接到集流构件4上。焊接完成后，为了减小第一极耳12占用的空间，通常会弯折第一极耳12。然而，对于第一未涂覆区142的处于焊接区域和主体部11之间的部分，多层第一未涂覆区142处于分散状态；在弯折第一极耳12的过程中，处于分散状态的多层第一未涂覆区142缺乏支撑，所以各第一未涂覆区142的根部很容易变形并向内插入到主体部11中，从而引发短路风险。
因此，优选地，本申请在主体部11的一侧设置绝缘构件5。参照图6至图8，绝缘构件5设置于主体部11与集流构件4之间，且绝缘构件5具 有贯通的缝隙S。缝隙S可为长条形。
第一极耳12穿过缝隙S并连接于集流构件4。第一极耳12穿过缝隙S的部分可以焊接到集流构件4。缝隙S可以将第一极耳12的多层第一未涂覆区142收拢在一起。
在本申请中，绝缘构件5的缝隙S可以收拢第一极耳12，并在弯折第一极耳12的过程中束缚第一极耳12变形，降低第一极耳12的根部插入主体部11的风险，从而避免短路，提高安全性能。
绝缘构件5可固定于集流构件4，以避免绝缘构件5在二次电池中晃动。例如，绝缘构件5可粘接于集流构件4。
绝缘构件5包括基板51和突部52，突部52从基板51沿横向X远离主体部11的表面延伸。基板51大体为垂直于横向X的平板。缝隙S从突部52的远离基板51的表面延伸并贯通突部52和基板51。通过设置突部52，可以增加缝隙S沿横向X的深度，以提高缝隙S收拢第一极耳12的能力。
集流构件4包括第一集流板41和端子连接板43。第一集流板41大体沿垂直于横向X的方向延伸，且第一集流板41位于基板51的远离主体部11的一侧。端子连接板43相对于第一集流板41弯折并连接第一集流板41和第一电极端子32。端子连接板43可位于基板51沿高度方向Z的上方。
第一集流板41贴合于主体部11。优选地，第一集流板41粘接于主体部11。
突部52位于第一集流板41沿纵向Y的侧方，这样可以避免突部52和第一集流板41在横向X上叠加，减小绝缘构件5和集流构件4在横向X上占用的空间，提高能量密度。
第一集流板41连接于第一极耳12。第一极耳12穿过缝隙S后，可通过超声波焊接与第一集流板41相连。
参照图7，在横向X上，突部52的厚度小于或等于第一集流板41的厚度。这样可以避免突部52在横向X上额外占用空间。
参照图6和图8，绝缘构件5的突部52为多个，且多个突部52包括沿纵向Y布置的第一突部52a和第二突部52b。第一集流板41位于第一突部52a和第二突部52b之间。第一突部52a和第二突部52b可以从两侧支撑第一集流板41，限制第一集流板41的晃动，降低第一极耳12被拉裂的 风险。同时，第一突部52a和第二突部52b还有助于第一集流板41的定位和装配。
为了提高二次电池的容量，电极组件1通常设置为多个。如果多个电极组件1的第一极耳12从同一个缝隙S中穿过，那么多个第一极耳12之间会存在较大的错位，从而增大第一极耳12收拢的难度。
因此，优选地，缝隙S设置为多个，多个缝隙S包括第一缝隙S1和第二缝隙S2，第一缝隙S1贯通第一突部52a和基板51，第二缝隙S2贯通第二突部52b和基板51。
多个电极组件1包括第一电极组件1a和第二电极组件1b；第一电极组件1a的第一极耳12穿过第一缝隙S1并连接于第一集流板41，第二电极组件1b的第一极耳12穿过第二缝隙S2并连接于第一集流板41。
在高度方向Z上，第一缝隙S1和第二缝隙S2错位。换句话说，在高度方向Z上，第一缝隙S1和第二缝隙S2处于不同的高度。穿过第一缝隙S1的第一极耳12朝向靠近第二电极组件1b的一侧弯折并连接于第一集流板41，穿过第二缝隙S2的第一极耳12朝向靠近第一电极组件1a的一侧弯折并连接于第一集流板41。
如果第一电极组件1a的第一极耳12和第二电极组件1b的第一极耳12在高度方向Z上齐平，那么第一电极组件1a的第一极耳12和第二电极组件1b的第一极耳12容易层叠在一起，这样会增加焊接难度，引发焊接不良的风险。而在本申请中，通过设置上下错位的第一缝隙S1和第二缝隙S2，可以使第一电极组件1a的第一极耳12和第二电极组件1b的第一极耳12上下错开，避免第一电极组件1a的第一极耳12和第二电极组件1b的第一极耳12层叠在一起，降低焊接不良的风险。
参照图6和图8，各突部52包括第一区域521和第二区域522，第一区域521和第二区域522沿高度方向Z布置；在纵向Y上，第一区域521的宽度大于第二区域522的宽度。第一缝隙S1贯通第一突部52a的第一区域521，第二缝隙S2贯通第二突部52b的第一区域521。
在本申请中，通过增大第一区域521的宽度，便于在第一区域521开设缝隙S。对于无需开设缝隙S的第二区域522，可以适当的减小第二区域522的宽度，以减小第二区域522占用的空间，提高能量密度。
沿高度方向Z，第一突部52a的第一区域521和第二区域522的布置 方向与第二突部52b的第一区域521和第二区域522的布置方向相反。这样可以使第一缝隙S1和第二缝隙S2上下错位。
在纵向Y上，第一区域521的靠近第一集流板41的边缘与第二区域522靠近第一集流板41的边缘齐平。第一区域521和第二区域522齐平的边缘可以更好地支撑第一集流板41，限制第一集流板41在纵向Y上的晃动。
主体部11设有通孔H，通孔H至少形成于第一突部52a的远离第一集流板41的一侧。壳体2内部的电解液可以自由地穿过通孔H，从而保证电解液的浸润性能，提高循环寿命。优选地，通孔H还形成于第二突部52b的远离第一集流板41的一侧。
多个电极组件1包括第三电极组件1c和第四电极组件1d。优选地，集流构件4还包括第二集流板42，第二集流板42将第三电极组件1c和第四电极组件1d电连接于第一电极端子32。
多个突部52包括第三突部52c和第四突部52d，第一突部52a、第二突部52b、第三突部52c和第四突部52d沿纵向Y依次布置。第二集流板42位于第三突部52c和第四突部52d之间。第三突部52c和第四突部52d从两侧支撑第二集流板42，限制第二集流板42的晃动，降低第一极耳12被拉裂的风险。同时，第三突部52c和第四突部52d还有助于第二集流板42的定位和装配。
多个缝隙S还包括第三缝隙S3和第四缝隙S4，第三缝隙S3贯通第三突部52c和基板51，第四缝隙S4贯通第四突部52d和基板51。
第三电极组件1c的第一极耳12穿过第三缝隙S3并连接于第二集流板42，第四电极组件1d的第一极耳12穿过第四缝隙S4并连接于第二集流板42。
第三突部52c的形状与第一突部52a的形状相同，第四突部52d的形状与第二突部52b的形状相同。在高度方向Z上，第三缝隙S3和第四缝隙S4错位。通孔H还形成于第二突部52b和第三突部52c之间。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种二次电池，其特征在于，包括电极组件(1)、壳体(2)、顶盖组件(3)、集流构件(4)和绝缘构件(5)；
    电极组件(1)收容于壳体(2)内且包括主体部(11)和第一极耳(12)，第一极耳(12)从主体部(11)沿横向(X)的一端延伸；
    顶盖组件(3)包括顶盖板(31)和设置于顶盖板(31)的第一电极端子(32)，顶盖板(31)连接于壳体(2)，第一电极端子(32)连接于集流构件(4)；
    绝缘构件(5)设置于主体部(11)与集流构件(4)之间，且绝缘构件(5)具有贯通的缝隙(S)；
    第一极耳(12)穿过缝隙(S)并连接于集流构件(4)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的二次电池，其特征在于，
    绝缘构件(5)包括基板(51)和突部(52)，突部(52)从基板(51)沿横向(X)远离主体部(11)的表面延伸；
    缝隙(S)从突部(52)的远离基板(51)的表面延伸并贯通突部(52)和基板(51)；
    集流构件(4)包括第一集流板(41)，第一集流板(41)位于基板(51)的远离主体部(11)的一侧且贴合于主体部(11)，突部(52)位于第一集流板(41)沿纵向(Y)的侧方；
    第一集流板(41)连接于第一极耳(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的二次电池，其特征在于，在横向(X)上，突部(52)的厚度小于或等于第一集流板(41)的厚度。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的二次电池，其特征在于，
    绝缘构件(5)的突部(52)为多个，且所述多个突部(52)包括沿纵向(Y)布置的第一突部(52a)和第二突部(52b)；
    第一集流板(41)位于第一突部(52a)和第二突部(52b)之间；
    缝隙(S)为多个，所述多个缝隙(S)包括第一缝隙(S1)和第二缝隙(S2)，第一缝隙(S1)贯通第一突部(52a)和基板(51)，第二缝隙(S2)贯通第二突部(52b)和基板(51)；
    电极组件(1)为多个，所述多个电极组件(1)包括第一电极组件(1a) 和第二电极组件(1b)；第一电极组件(1a)的第一极耳(12)穿过第一缝隙(S1)并连接于第一集流板(41)，第二电极组件(1b)的第一极耳(12)穿过第二缝隙(S2)并连接于第一集流板(41)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的二次电池，其特征在于，
    在高度方向(Z)上，第一缝隙(S1)和第二缝隙(S2)错位；
    穿过第一缝隙(S1)的第一极耳(12)朝向靠近第二电极组件(1b)的一侧弯折并连接于第一集流板(41)，穿过第二缝隙(S2)的第一极耳(12)朝向靠近第一电极组件(1a)的一侧弯折并连接于第一集流板(41)。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的二次电池，其特征在于，
    各突部(52)包括第一区域(521)和第二区域(522)，第一区域(521)和第二区域(522)沿高度方向(Z)布置；在纵向(Y)上，第一区域(521)的宽度大于第二区域(522)的宽度；
    第一缝隙(S1)贯通第一突部(52a)的第一区域(521)，第二缝隙(S2)贯通第二突部(52b)的第一区域(521)；
    沿高度方向(Z)，第一突部(52a)的第一区域(521)和第二区域(522)的布置方向与第二突部(52b)的第一区域(521)和第二区域(522)的布置方向相反。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的二次电池，其特征在于，在纵向(Y)上，第一区域(521)的靠近第一集流板(41)的边缘与第二区域(522)靠近第一集流板(41)的边缘齐平。
  8. 根据权利要求4-7任一项所述的二次电池，其特征在于，主体部(11)设有通孔(H)，通孔(H)至少形成于第一突部(52a)的远离第一集流板(41)的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8中任一项所述的二次电池，其特征在于，
    所述多个突部(52)包括第三突部(52c)和第四突部(52d)，第一突部(52a)、第二突部(52b)、第三突部(52c)和第四突部(52d)沿纵向(Y)依次布置；
    集流构件(4)还包括第二集流板(42)，第二集流板(42)位于第三突部(52c)和第四突部(52d)之间；
    所述多个缝隙(S)还包括第三缝隙(S3)和第四缝隙(S4)，第三缝隙(S3)贯通第三突部(52c)和基板(51)，第四缝隙(S4)贯通第 四突部(52d)和基板(51)；
    所述多个电极组件(1)包括第三电极组件(1c)和第四电极组件(1d)；第三电极组件(1c)的第一极耳(12)穿过第三缝隙(S3)并连接于第二集流板(42)，第四电极组件(1d)的第一极耳(12)穿过第四缝隙(S4)并连接于第二集流板(42)。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的二次电池，其特征在于，绝缘构件(5)粘接于集流构件(4)。
PCT/CN2020/104706 2019-08-13 2020-07-26 二次电池 WO2021027535A1 (zh)

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