WO2021019495A1 - Barrières coupe-feu destinées à des blocs de batterie de véhicule électrique - Google Patents

Barrières coupe-feu destinées à des blocs de batterie de véhicule électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021019495A1
WO2021019495A1 PCT/IB2020/057211 IB2020057211W WO2021019495A1 WO 2021019495 A1 WO2021019495 A1 WO 2021019495A1 IB 2020057211 W IB2020057211 W IB 2020057211W WO 2021019495 A1 WO2021019495 A1 WO 2021019495A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disposed
major surface
fire
fiber layer
inorganic fiber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/057211
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bhaskara R. BODDAKAYALA
Mitchell T. Huang
Shailendra B. Rathod
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Publication of WO2021019495A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021019495A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric vehicle battery modules and particularly to fire barrier articles for managing battery module thermal runaway incidents.
  • the provided articles can be especially useful, for example, in automotive and stationary energy storage applications.
  • Rechargeable batteries including Nickel Metal Hydride or Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) are used in electric vehicles to store energy and to provide power.
  • the flow of current either into the battery during recharge or out of the battery into the vehicle and its accessories generates heat, which needs to be managed / dissipated proportional to the square of the current multiplied by the internal resistance of the battery cells and interconnected systems.
  • a higher current flow implies a more intensified heating effect.
  • Li-Ion batteries perform optimally within a specific operating temperature range. If operation occurs outside the bounds of the specified range, then damage or accelerated degradation of the cells within the battery occurs. Thus, the battery may also need to be cooled or heated depending upon environmental conditions. This, in turn, drives the need to effectively manage thermal aspects of the battery before and during use and recharge.
  • Electrical vehicle battery modules comprise hundreds of cells that may be stored in pouches connected to one another in packs through various electrical connections (i.e. busbars).
  • a catastrophic phenomenon called thermal runaway propagation occurs when one cell in a battery module catches on fire because it is punctured, damaged, or faulty in its operation. The resulting fire spreads to neighboring cells and then to cells throughout the entire battery in a chain reaction.
  • These fires can be potentially massive, especially in high power devices such as electric vehicles, where it is common to see battery packs containing tens, hundreds, or even thousands, of individual cells.
  • Such fires are not limited to the battery and can spread to surrounding structures and endanger occupants of the vehicle or other structures in which these batteries are located.
  • thermal management system When thermal runaway occurs in a cell, it is desirable for a thermal management system to block or absorb the heat and prevent adjacent cells from overheating and themselves entering thermal runaway. In electric vehicle applications, it is also important to protect occupants from the heat generated by the fire, thereby allowing enough time to stop the vehicle and escape.
  • Non-woven webs of polymeric fibers and foams can display excellent thermal insulation properties, but common polymers tend to be flammable or the fibers and foams are coated with encapsulant materials that are flammable.
  • Heat shield materials made from woven non-combustible fibers e.g., inorganic fibers
  • Using thicker layers of heat shield materials is generally not cost effective. Combinations of these materials could work, but it can be difficult to bond these materials to each other, particularly when the selection of bonding materials may be constrained by flammability issues.
  • the present invention addresses these issues by providing a fire barrier article that combines a flexible flame-retardant foam, a fire protection coating, and an inorganic fiber layer.
  • the flexible flame-retardant foam, fire protection coating, and inorganic fiber layer can be secured to each other using a suitable flame -retardant adhesive.
  • the combination of a relatively thin flexible flame-retardant foam with a fire protection coating and inorganic fiber layer can provide protection, structural integrity and a high degree of thermal insulation in the event of fire exposure.
  • a fire barrier article comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, a flexible flame-retardant foam having a first major surface and a second major surface, a fire protection coating disposed so as to cover all or at least a functionally significant portion of the first major surface, and an inorganic fiber layer disposed so as to cover all or at least a functionally significant portion of the second major surface.
  • a fire barrier article in another aspect of the present invention, comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of, a flexible flame-retardant foam, an inorganic fiber layer having a first major surface and a second major surface, and a fire protection coating.
  • the fire protection coating is disposed on at least a portion of the first major surface of the inorganic fiber layer and the flexible flame -retardant foam is disposed on at least a portion of the second major surface of the inorganic fiber layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a fire barrier article according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary battery module containing fire barrier articles according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of an exemplary battery module containing fire barrier articles according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms“preferred” and“preferably” refer to embodiments described herein that can afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
  • one or more embodiments” or“an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention.
  • the appearances of the phrases such as“in one or more embodiments,”“in certain embodiments,”“in one embodiment” or“in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the invention.
  • the fire barrier articles described herein can be effective in mitigating the effects of thermal runaway propagation in lithium batteries. These articles can also have potential uses in other commercial and industrial applications, such as automotive, residential, industrial, and aerospace applications, where it is necessary to protect people or surrounding structures from the effects of a fire.
  • the provided fire protection articles can be incorporated into primary structures extending along or around transportation or building compartmental structures to protect users and occupants. Such applications can include fire protection around lithium battery modules, fuel tanks, and any other enclosures or compartments.
  • the provided fire protection articles generally include a fire barrier comprising a flexible flame-retardant foam coupled to a fire protection coating and an inorganic fiber layer.
  • the fire barrier article can include flame-retardant adhesive.
  • the fire barrier article 100 includes a flame-retardant foam 102 having a first major surface 104 and a second major surface 106.
  • the flame-retardant foam 102 is generally made from a material that has a low thermal conductivity to reduce heat transfer from a malfunctioning cell to neighboring cells in the event of a fire.
  • Suitable flame-retardant foams can be made from, for example, melamine or polyurethane.
  • the flame-retardant foam can be further treated or coated with fire resistant materials such as polyimide, aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc oxide, phosphinates, expendable graphite, or the like.
  • the fire resistant coating can be applied by spraying, painting, or the like to a thickness in the range of from about 200 micrometers, and in increments of 100 micrometers, up to about 2000 micrometers, (e.g., about 1000 micrometers up to about 2000 micrometers).
  • one or more additional layers could be included within, or disposed on, the flame -retardant foam 102.
  • additional layers may include metal films or metallized layers that enhance thermal conductivity across the fire barrier article 100, binder layers, and/or barrier films.
  • the fire protection coating can be a water-based silicone elastomer. Examples include FIRED AM 200 (available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN) or Fire Barrier Silicone Sealant 2000+ (3M
  • the fire protection coating can be applied by spraying, painting, or the like to a thickness in the range of from about 200 micrometers, and in increments of 100 micrometers, up to about 2000 micrometers, (e.g., about 1000 micrometers up to about 2000 micrometers).
  • the inorganic fiber layer 110 can be fiberglass or ceramic fiber non-woven or woven fabrics.
  • Examples include CeQUIN insulating paper, Bondo 499, Dynatron 699, or Nextel 312 fiberglass cloths (all commercially available from 3M Company).
  • Various inorganic fibers known for their use in refractory insulation, and fire barrier applications can be adapted for use in the inorganic fiber layer 110.
  • Known inorganic materials that can be made into high-temperature fibers include glass, silica, silicon carbide, alumina, alumina silica, and basalt. Most of these fibers can resist temperatures in excess of 1000°C and can also be very strong. Elemental and alloyed metals are not suitable inorganic materials for the fiber layer 110.
  • Ceramic fibers for the inorganic fiber layer 110 in this application include ceramic oxide fibers that can be processed into fire-resistant fabrics. These materials can be made suitable for textiles by mixing small amounts of silica, boron oxides, or zirconium oxides into alumina to avoid formation of large crystalline grains, thereby reducing stiffness and increasing strength at ambient temperatures. Commercial examples of these fibers include filament products provided under the trade designation NEXTEL by 3M Company, St. Paul, MN. These fibers can be converted into woven or non-woven fibrous layers or webs that display both fire barrier properties and high strength.
  • Ceramic fiber web, sheet or mat materials that combine alkaline earth silicate (AES) low biopersistent fibers, aluminosilicate ceramic fibers (RCF), and/or alumina silica fibers with an organic binder (e.g., acrylic latex binder) and optionally other refractory materials (e.g., intumescent materials like vermiculite and expandable graphite) to obtain a heat- resistant non-woven fibrous web, sheet or mat. Examples of these are described, for example, in PCT Publication No.
  • WO 2018/093624 (De Rovere, et al.) and 6,051,103 (Lager, et ak).
  • endothermic flame-retardant additives such as aluminum trihydrate can be included in (e.g., blended in during a wet laid paper making or dry laid process) these fibrous web, sheet or mat materials.
  • Other additives can be, for example EXPANTROL (3M Company).
  • EXPANTROL EXPANTROL (3M Company).
  • These additive materials can be optionally intumescent materials, whereby the material swells up when heated to seal openings in the event of a fire. Examples of these ceramic fiber materials include products provided under the trade designation FYREWRAP by Unifrax I LLC, Tonawanda, NY.
  • the inorganic fiber layer can be made by combining both organic and inorganic fibers to form a fire-resistant fibrous felt.
  • fibers of silica, polyphenylene sulfide, and poly paraphenylene terephthalamide can be formed into a coated fabric.
  • Useful inorganic fibers can have very high melting temperatures to preserve the integrity of the fire barrier article when exposed to fire. High melting temperatures also help avoid softening or creep in the fire barrier material under operating conditions.
  • Poly crystalline ⁇ - alumina-based fibers for example, can have melting temperatures well in excess of 1400°C.
  • the inorganic fibers can have a melting temperature in the range from 700°C to 2000°C, from 800°C to 2000°C, from 1100°C to 1700°C, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 700°C, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, or 2000°C.
  • a flame -retardant adhesive 112 can be applied to the first major surface 104 and / or second major surface 106 of the flame-retardant foam 102 to improve adherence of the fire protection coating 108 and inorganic fiber layer 110 to the flame -retardant foam 102.
  • Exemplary flame-retardant adhesives include 9372W and Silicone 3000WT (available from 3M Company), and / or fire and water barrier tapes.
  • the fire barrier article 100 can have any suitable thickness for the particular application (e.g., between battery cells, under the battery module lid, etc.).
  • the fire barrier article according to the present invention can be used between adjacent battery cells in a battery module, between one or more battery cells and the wall of the battery module, on the underside or top of the compartment lid of the battery module, or on the interior or exterior of the walls of the battery module.
  • the preferred thickness often reflects a balance amongst the factors of cost, web strength, and fire resistance.
  • the fire barrier article can have an overall thickness in the range from 100 micrometers to 25000 micrometers, from 500 micrometers to 12500 micrometers, from 2000 micrometers to 5000 micrometers, or in some embodiments, less than, equal to, or greater than 100 micrometers, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000,
  • a fire barrier article according to another embodiment like that shown in FIG. 1, also includes a flame-retardant foam, an inorganic fiber layer and a fire protection coating, however, the inorganic fiber layer is disposed between the flame-retardant foam and the fire protection coating.
  • One or more additional layers could be included within, or disposed on, the fire barrier article (e.g., between the flame -retardant foam 102 and/or the inorganic fiber layer.
  • additional layers may include metal films or metallized layers that enhance thermal conductivity across the fire barrier article 100, binder layers, and/or barrier films.
  • a battery module 200, 300 is represented in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
  • the fire barrier article 100 of FIG. 1 is disposed in one or more locations to manage the thermal properties.
  • a plurality of battery cells 202, 302 are structurally aligned and secured within the module.
  • the battery cells 202, 302 can be any shape (e.g., cylindrical or rectangular) or size.
  • a gap 204, 304 is present between each of the battery cells 202, 302 and / or between a battery cell 202, 302 and the wall of the battery module.
  • Fire barrier articles 214, 314 can be placed in the gaps 204, 304.
  • the fire barrier articles can also be secured to the underside or top of the compartment lid (not shown) or disposed on the interior or exterior of the walls of the battery module 200, 300 (not shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un article de type barrière coupe-feu destiné à des blocs de batterie de véhicule électrique comprenant une mousse souple ignifuge , une couche de fibres inorganiques et un revêtement de protection contre le feu, où soit (a) le revêtement de protection contre le feu est disposé sur au moins une partie de la première surface principale de la mousse souple ignifuge et une couche de fibres inorganiques est disposée sur au moins une partie de la seconde surface principale de la mousse souple ignifuge, soit (b) le revêtement de protection contre le feu est disposé sur au moins une partie de la première surface principale de la couche de fibres inorganiques et la mousse souple ignifuge est disposée sur au moins une partie de la seconde surface principale de la couche de fibres inorganiques.
PCT/IB2020/057211 2019-08-01 2020-07-30 Barrières coupe-feu destinées à des blocs de batterie de véhicule électrique WO2021019495A1 (fr)

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US20210143492A1 (en) * 2019-11-13 2021-05-13 Rolls-Royce Plc Battery Thermal Regulating Unit
US20220052409A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. Battery module
CN114801400A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-07-29 江汉大学 一种锂离子电池阻燃的复合防火组件及其制备方法和应用
WO2022204492A1 (fr) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 Zephyros, Inc. Système d'isolation thermique multicouche pour gestion d'emballement thermique de batterie
EP4098436A1 (fr) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-07 h.k.o. Isolier- und Textiltechnik GmbH Élément de protection multicouche d'une batterie
EP4201665A1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2023-06-28 Nolax AG Matière composite en tant que matière de protection contre la chaleur, le feu et/ou la fumée
WO2023147012A1 (fr) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership Matériau de protection contre l'incendie
WO2024158663A1 (fr) * 2023-01-23 2024-08-02 Delstar Technologies, Inc. Matériaux résistant à la chaleur et leurs procédés de fabrication
US12095066B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2024-09-17 H.K.O. Isolier—Und Textiltechnik Gmbh Multi-layer thermal insulation element for batteries
US12119467B2 (en) 2021-03-09 2024-10-15 Rogers Corporation Composite thermal management sheet, method of manufacture, and articles using the same

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US12095066B2 (en) 2017-12-21 2024-09-17 H.K.O. Isolier—Und Textiltechnik Gmbh Multi-layer thermal insulation element for batteries
US20210143492A1 (en) * 2019-11-13 2021-05-13 Rolls-Royce Plc Battery Thermal Regulating Unit
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US20220052409A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Sk Innovation Co., Ltd. Battery module
US12119467B2 (en) 2021-03-09 2024-10-15 Rogers Corporation Composite thermal management sheet, method of manufacture, and articles using the same
WO2022204492A1 (fr) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-29 Zephyros, Inc. Système d'isolation thermique multicouche pour gestion d'emballement thermique de batterie
WO2022253631A1 (fr) 2021-06-02 2022-12-08 H.K.O. Isolier- Und Textiltechnik Gmbh Élément de protection multicouche d'une batterie
EP4098436A1 (fr) * 2021-06-02 2022-12-07 h.k.o. Isolier- und Textiltechnik GmbH Élément de protection multicouche d'une batterie
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EP4201665A1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2023-06-28 Nolax AG Matière composite en tant que matière de protection contre la chaleur, le feu et/ou la fumée
WO2023147012A1 (fr) * 2022-01-28 2023-08-03 Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership Matériau de protection contre l'incendie
CN114801400A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-07-29 江汉大学 一种锂离子电池阻燃的复合防火组件及其制备方法和应用
WO2024158663A1 (fr) * 2023-01-23 2024-08-02 Delstar Technologies, Inc. Matériaux résistant à la chaleur et leurs procédés de fabrication

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