WO2021008108A1 - 垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法 - Google Patents

垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021008108A1
WO2021008108A1 PCT/CN2020/071388 CN2020071388W WO2021008108A1 WO 2021008108 A1 WO2021008108 A1 WO 2021008108A1 CN 2020071388 W CN2020071388 W CN 2020071388W WO 2021008108 A1 WO2021008108 A1 WO 2021008108A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heave
power generation
float
air outlet
air
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PCT/CN2020/071388
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹飞飞
史宏达
江小强
韩蒙
钟子悦
白浩哲
潘奕霖
刘臻
朱凯
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中国海洋大学
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Priority to JP2022500614A priority Critical patent/JP7266347B2/ja
Publication of WO2021008108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021008108A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/64—Application for aeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of wave energy power generation, and specifically relates to a heave float type power generation oxygen increasing device and method.
  • ocean wave energy has the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density and easy conversion, and has become the focus of new energy research.
  • the development and utilization of ocean wave energy is of great significance for alleviating energy shortages, reducing environmental pollution, developing coastal and island economies, and strengthening coastal defense.
  • Wave energy devices are the main form of wave energy utilization. According to different energy acquisition methods, wave energy devices mainly include heave float type, heave water column type and wave over type. Compared with the heave water column type and the over-wave type, the heave float type wave energy device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, higher energy conversion efficiency, and suitable for small wave conditions.
  • the transmission mechanism of the domestic heave float type wave energy device has rack type and hydraulic type.
  • the rack type is not conducive to maintenance due to its low reliability, so it is less widely used.
  • the currently widely used hydraulic transmission mechanism has problems such as high cost and high maintenance cost. Therefore, the simple structure and low-cost lead screw gear transmission mechanism has gradually come into people's field of vision, but there is less research on its related transmission mechanism.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heaving float type power generation and oxygenation device and method that can achieve wave energy capture and transmission through a simple and inexpensive screw gear type transmission mechanism, and simultaneously achieve the dual functions of power generation and oxygenation.
  • the present invention provides a heave-float type power generation and oxygenation device, which includes an energy capture system, a commutation system located inside the energy capture system, an aeration system, and a power generation system; wherein the energy capture system has: a lower end fixed At least four parallel steel frames protruding from the bottom of the sea and the upper end of the steel frame, a base fixedly installed at the top of the steel frame, and used as a transmission mechanism are formed to slightly swing through the base and along the steel frame A lead screw extending in a parallel direction, a flexible waterproof housing that is located below the base and surrounds the lead screw from the outside, and is formed to expand and contract in the axial direction of the lead screw, and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the lead screw
  • the heave float; the reversing system includes: a sleeve shaft mounted coaxially with the screw, an output shaft mounted non-axially with the sleeve shaft, two mounted on the output shaft in the same direction Two ratche
  • the present invention by adopting the above-mentioned novel heave float energy-capturing lead screw gear transmission mechanism, the defects of unreliable rack transmission and low life span of the original rack and pinion are solved, and the low cost of the lead screw gear system is brought into play.
  • the present invention can also realize the dual function of oxygenation and power generation, and the air valve control is performed by setting the solenoid valve, so that it can not affect the independent operation of the two functions.
  • the present invention provides a new idea for capturing the energy in the heave direction of the ocean energy float. It can not only protect the float by adjusting the size of the air inlet pipe when the wind and waves are strong, but also provide aeration function for specific areas.
  • a flexible protective shell and a rigid protective shell can protect the screw rod.
  • a rigid ring is arranged around the circumference of the flexible waterproof housing. With this, the radial volume expansion of the flexible waterproof housing can be restricted, and the gas can be discharged.
  • the energy harvesting system may further include a rigid protective casing located above the base and covering the lead screw from the outside. Thereby, the lead screw can be protected.
  • one of the screw gears on the screw is meshed with one of the ratchet wheels on the output shaft, and the screw gear on the screw is The other one meshes with the reversing wheel, and the reversing wheel meshes with the other of the ratchet wheels on the output shaft.
  • the heave float when the heave float moves downward, the volume of the internal cavity enclosed by the flexible waterproof housing increases, and the air passes through the air filter due to pressure to contain less The amount of water enters the cavity from the air inlet pipe, and the one-way air outlet solenoid valve is closed to prevent seawater from entering the cavity; when the heave float moves upward, the volume of the internal cavity enclosed by the flexible waterproof shell decreases, so The one-way air inlet solenoid valve prevents the air in the cavity from returning to the atmosphere from above, and the air enters the seawater through the lower one-way air outlet solenoid valve.
  • the volume of the internal cavity is also increased or decreased, thereby inhaling or expelling air, which can increase the oxygen content in the seawater.
  • the aeration system may further include a plurality of air filters installed on the upper surface of the base, and the air filters are respectively connected to the one-way intake solenoid valve. With this, the air passes through the air filter and enters the cavity from the intake pipe with less water content.
  • the upper one-way air outlet solenoid valve is adjusted to reduce the air output
  • the lower one-way air outlet solenoid valve is adjusted to increase the air output, so that the The resistance of the heave float movement is increased; when the wave height is greater than the specified value, the one-way air inlet solenoid valve, the upper one-way air outlet solenoid valve, and the lower one-way air outlet solenoid valve are closed to make the heave float hover In a higher position.
  • the one-way air inlet solenoid valve, the upper one-way air outlet solenoid valve, and the lower one-way air outlet solenoid valve are closed to make the heave float hover In a higher position.
  • the predetermined value exceeds the limit wave height at which the device can work safely.
  • the present invention also provides a power generation and oxygen increase method realized by the above power generation and oxygen increase device.
  • the lead screw rigidly connected to the heave float also follows The occurrence of vertical displacement; the two sleeve shafts have a vertical constraint relationship with the base, and thus produce relative displacement with the lead screw and then rotate, and drive the respectively meshed screw gears to rotate; After one of the screw gears is reversed once by the reversing wheel, it is transmitted in the same rotation direction to the two ratchet wheels installed in the same direction, thereby driving the output shaft to rotate in one direction; the output shaft passes through The rotation enables the DC generator to generate electricity.
  • the present invention can provide a heave float type power generation and oxygenation device and method that can achieve wave energy capture and transmission through a simple and low-cost mechanical transmission mechanism, and simultaneously achieve the dual functions of power generation and aeration.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a heave float type power generation and oxygen increase device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the internal structure of the device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the commutation system shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a heave float type power generation and oxygenation device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is the inside of the device shown in FIG. An enlarged view of the structure
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the commutation system shown in FIG. 1.
  • the energy harvesting system includes four steel frames 101, a heave float 102, a lead screw 103, a rigid protective housing 104, a flexible waterproof housing 105, and a base 106.
  • the lower ends of the four steel frames 101 are fixed on the seabed and the upper ends extend out of the sea.
  • the base 106 is fixedly installed on the top of the steel frame 101 in a horizontal state.
  • the screw 103 is formed as a mechanical transmission mechanism to slightly swing through the base 106 It extends in the vertical direction, and the heave float 102 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the screw 103.
  • the rigid protective shell 104 is located above the base 106 and covers the screw 103, the reversing system and the power generation system from the outside.
  • the flexible waterproof shell 105 is located on the base.
  • the seat 106 surrounds the screw 103 below and from the outside, thereby forming a closed internal cavity space together with the lower heave float 102 and the lower surface of the upper base 106.
  • the flexible waterproof housing 105 is formed as a structure that can expand and contract along the axial direction of the screw 103, so the internal cavity space can be increased or decreased.
  • the reversing system has a sleeve shaft 201, a lower support 107, an upper support 108, a reversing wheel 202, two screw gears 203, two ratchets 204, and an output shaft 205 and reversing shaft 206.
  • the sleeve shaft 201 and the screw rod 103 are installed coaxially.
  • the sleeve shaft 201 is sleeved on the screw rod 103.
  • the upper support 108 and the lower support 107 limit the vertical movement of the sleeve shaft 201, and the sleeve shaft 201 can only rotate without vertical displacement.
  • the output shaft 205, the reversing shaft 206 and the sleeve shaft 201 are installed in different axes, the two ratchet wheels 204 are installed on the output shaft 205 coaxially up and down, and the two screw gears 203 are installed on the sleeve shaft 201 up and down coaxially.
  • the reversing wheel 202 is mounted on the reversing shaft and meshes with one of the screw gears 203 and one of the ratchet wheels 204 respectively.
  • one of the screw gears 203 directly meshes with one of the ratchet wheels 204, and the wire
  • the other of the lever gear 203 meshes with the reversing wheel 202
  • the reversing wheel 202 meshes with the other of the ratchet wheels 204.
  • the reversing shaft 206 moves synchronously with the reversing wheel 202, that is, the reversing wheel 202 is sleeved on the reversing shaft. 206 on.
  • the upper ratchet wheel 204 rotates in reverse under the conversion of the reversing wheel 202, but it is not limited to this.
  • the oxygenation system includes a plurality of air filters 301, an intake pipe 302, a one-way intake solenoid valve 303, an upper air outlet pipe 304, a lower air outlet pipe 305, and an upper one-way air outlet solenoid valve 307 , Place one-way air outlet solenoid valve 306.
  • a plurality of air intake pipes 302 are inserted into the base 106 from above, and the lower part thereof extends into the inside of the flexible waterproof housing 105, thereby forming an air passage connecting the internal cavity space with the outside air, and the nozzle is correspondingly provided with an adjustable A plurality of one-way air-intake solenoid valves 303 for air intake, and the one-way air-intake solenoid valves 303 are respectively connected to a plurality of air filters 301 provided on the upper surface of the base 106.
  • the air filter 301 is located outside the rigid protective shell, and is used to filter out moisture, slow down rust, and protect internal components.
  • the lower air outlet pipe 305 passes through the heave float 102 and is connected at its bottom to its bottom end, thereby forming an air passage connecting the internal cavity space with the outside.
  • the pipe mouth is correspondingly provided with a lower one-way air outlet solenoid that can adjust the air intake volume.
  • Valve 306. A plurality of upper air outlet pipes 304 are inserted into the base 106 from above, and the lower part thereof extends into the inside of the flexible waterproof housing 105, thereby forming another air passage through which the internal cavity space is connected with the outside air. Multiple upper one-way air outlet solenoid valves 307 that can adjust the amount of air intake.
  • the upper air outlet pipe 304 By providing the upper air outlet pipe 304, it can be ensured that excessive pressure resistance will not be generated due to the sealing of the internal cavity during the power generation function, and the power generation efficiency can be prevented from being reduced.
  • the upper air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe have the same structure.
  • the power generation system includes a generator 401 and is located at the upper end of the output shaft 205, which can generate direct current, but is not limited to this.
  • the heave float 102 undergoes heave motion under the action of waves, and then drives the screw 103 rigidly connected to it to move up and down.
  • the screw 103 moves up and down, the vertical relative displacement is converted into the rotation of the sleeve shaft 201 and the screw gear 203 due to the mechanical structural characteristics of the screw 103.
  • the two screw gears 203 rotate clockwise
  • the lower ratchet 204 rotates counterclockwise
  • the upper ratchet 204 rotates on the reversing wheel 202.
  • the ratchet wheel 204 rotates counterclockwise to drive the generator 401 to generate electricity
  • the ratchet wheel 204 rotates clockwise to move relative to the output shaft 205 without driving the generator 401 to generate electricity.
  • the generator 401 When the screw 103 moves downward, the two screw gears 203 rotate counterclockwise, the lower ratchet 204 rotates clockwise, the upper ratchet 204 rotates counterclockwise under the conversion of the reversing wheel 202, and the ratchet 204 that rotates counterclockwise drives
  • the generator 401 generates electricity, and the clockwise rotating ratchet 204 and the output shaft 205 move relative to each other, and the generator 401 is not driven to generate electricity.
  • the size of the internal cavity formed by the flexible waterproof housing 105 can be adjusted according to specific sea conditions and is not particularly limited.
  • a rigid ring is arranged in the circumferential direction of the flexible waterproof housing 105.
  • the flexible waterproof housing 105 is formed as a foldable telescopic structure, and a steel ring is provided on its protruding part, thereby restricting The radial volume expansion of the flexible waterproof housing 105 ensures that the gas can be discharged smoothly.
  • the present invention is formed into the above-mentioned structure.
  • the heave float 102 moves downward, the volume of the internal cavity enclosed by the flexible waterproof housing 105 increases, and the air passes through the air filter 301 due to pressure to enter it with less water content.
  • the trachea 302 enters the cavity, and the one-way air outlet solenoid valve 306 is closed at this time to prevent seawater from entering the cavity;
  • the solenoid valve 303 prevents the air in the cavity from returning to the atmosphere from above, and the air enters the seawater through the lower one-way air outlet solenoid valve 306.
  • the specified value is the limit wave height for the safe operation of the device, which can be determined according to specific conditions.
  • the present invention by adopting the above-mentioned new-type energy-trapping mechanical transmission mechanism of the heave float 102, the defects of the original rack and pinion transmission of unreliability and low life are solved, and the low cost of the mechanical system is brought into play.
  • the present invention can also realize the dual function of oxygenation and power generation, and the air valve control is performed by setting a solenoid valve, so that the two functions are not affected. Benefits at work. Therefore, the present invention provides a new idea for capturing the energy in the heave direction of the ocean energy float.
  • the flexible protective shell 105 and the rigid protective shell 104 can protect the screw rod.

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Abstract

一种垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法，具备捕能系统、位于捕能系统内部的换向系统、增氧系统及发电系统。捕能系统具备钢架（101）、垂荡浮子（102）、丝杠（103）、柔性防水外壳（105）及基座（106）。换向系统具备套轴（201）、换向轮（202）、丝杠齿轮（203）、棘轮（204）及输出轴（205）。增氧系统具备进气管（302）、单向进气电磁阀（303）、上出气管（304）、下出气管（305）、下单向出气电磁阀（306）及上单向出气电磁阀（307）。发电系统位于输出轴（205）上端。本装置通过简单且低廉的丝杠齿轮式传动机构实现波浪能捕获和传递，同时实现发电与增氧双重功能。

Description

垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于波浪能发电领域，具体涉及一种垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法。
 背景技术
随着化石能源的日趋枯竭、温室气体排放导致的气候变化日益严重，开发可再生能源成为世界能源发展的重要方向。海洋波浪能作为一种清洁无污染的绿色可再生新能源，具有储量大、分布广、能量密度高且易于转化等优点，成为新能源研究的重点。开发并利用海洋波浪能对于缓解能源紧张，降低环境污染，发展沿海及岛屿经济，巩固海防等具有重要意义。
波浪能装置是进行波浪能利用的主要形式，波浪能装置根据其获能方式的不同，主要有垂荡浮子式、垂荡水柱式以及越浪式。与垂荡水柱式和越浪式相比，垂荡浮子式波浪能装置具有结构简单、安装维护方便、能量转换效率较高的优点、适合于小波浪条件等优点。
目前，国内的垂荡浮子式波浪能装置的传动机构有齿条式和液压式，齿条式因其可靠性低不利于维护，所以大规模应用较少。然而当前广泛使用的液压式传动机构又存在成本高昂、维护费用高等问题。因此，结构简单且成本低廉丝杠齿轮式传动机构逐渐进入人们视野，但与其相关的传动机构研究较少。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种能通过简单且低廉的丝杠齿轮式传动机构实现波浪能捕获和传递，并同时实现发电与增氧双重功能的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法。
 技术解决方案
本发明提供一种垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，具备：捕能系统、位于所述捕能系统内部的换向系统、增氧系统及发电系统；其中，所述捕能系统具备：下端固定于海底而上端伸出海面的至少四根平行的钢架、固定安装于所述钢架顶端的基座、作为传动机构而形成为可轻微摆动地贯穿所述基座并沿所述钢架的平行方向延伸的丝杠、位于所述基座下方并从外部包围所述丝杠、且形成为能沿所述丝杠的轴向伸缩的柔性防水外壳、以及与所述丝杠的下端固定连接的垂荡浮子；所述换向系统具备：与所述丝杆同轴地安装的套轴、与所述套轴不同轴地安装的输出轴、同向安装于所述输出轴上的两个棘轮、安装于所述套轴上的两个丝杠齿轮、以及与所述丝杠齿轮中的一个和所述棘轮中的一个分别啮合的换向轮；所述增氧系统具备：从上方嵌插于所述基座且下部伸入所述柔性防水外壳内部而形成空气通路的多个进气管、对应地设于所述进气管的管口且可调节进气量的多个单向进气电磁阀、与所述垂荡浮子的底端连接从而使所述柔性防水外壳围成的内部空间与外部连通的多个下出气管、对应地设于所述下出气管的管口且可调节进气量的多个下单向出气电磁阀、从上方嵌插于所述基座并伸入所述柔性防水外壳内部的多个上出气管、以及对应地设于所述上出气管的管口且可调节进气量的多个上单向出气电磁阀；所述发电系统位于所述输出轴上端。
根据本发明，通过采用上述新型的垂荡浮子捕能的丝杠齿轮式传动机构，解决了原有齿条传动不可靠、寿命低的缺陷，发挥了丝杠齿轮式系统成本低廉的特点。此外，通过柔性防水外壳与丝杠与各进出气管的配合，本发明还能实现增氧与发电的双功能使用，并且通过设置电磁阀进行气阀控制，从而能够不影响两个功能单独工作时的效益。因此，本发明为海洋能浮子的垂荡方向能量捕获提供了新思路，不仅在风浪较大时能通过调节进气管大小限制浮体运动幅度保护浮体，还同时能为特定区域提供增氧功能。此外，设置柔性保护外壳和刚性保护外壳能对丝杆形成保护。
也可以是，本发明中，在所述柔性防水外壳绕周向配设有刚性圈。借助于此，能够限制柔性防水外壳径向的体积膨胀，确保气体可以排出。
也可以是，本发明中，所述捕能系统还具备位于所述基座上方并从外部覆盖所述丝杠的刚性保护外壳。从而能够对丝杠起到保护的作用。
也可以是，本发明中，所述丝杠上的所述丝杠齿轮中的一个与所述输出轴上的所述棘轮中的一个相啮合，所述丝杠上的所述丝杠齿轮中的另一个与所述换向轮啮合，所述换向轮再与所述输出轴上的所述棘轮中的另一个啮合。
也可以是，本发明中，当所述垂荡浮子向下运动时，所述柔性防水外壳围成的内部腔体的体积增大，空气因压强作用经过所述空气过滤器以较少的含水量从所述进气管进入腔体，关闭下单向出气电磁阀阻止海水进入腔体；当所述垂荡浮子向上运动时，所述柔性防水外壳围成的内部腔体的体积减小，所述单向进气电磁阀阻止腔体中的空气从上方返回大气，空气经过所述下单向出气电磁阀进入海水。借助于此，当垂荡浮子作垂荡运动时，内部腔体的体积也随之增大或减小，从而吸入或排出空气，能够增大海水中的氧气含量。
也可以是，本发明中，所述增氧系统还具备安装于所述基座上表面的多个空气过滤器，所述空气过滤器分别与所述单向进气电磁阀连接。借助于此，空气经过空气过滤器以较少的含水量从进气管进入腔体。
也可以是，本发明中，当海上波高较大时，调节所述上单向出气电磁阀使出气量减小，并调节所述下单向出气电磁阀使出气量增大，从而使所述垂荡浮子运动的阻力加大；当波高大于规定值，关闭所述单向进气电磁阀、所述上单向出气电磁阀、所述下单向出气电磁阀使所述垂荡浮子悬停在较高的位置。借助于此，通过调节出气量的大小风浪较大时限制浮体运动幅度，从而保护装置免受过大的波浪的破坏，当风浪过大时使浮子在最高处悬停不再进行工作，从而进一步保护装置。
也可以是，本发明中，所述规定值为超过装置能安全工作的极限波高。
本发明还提供一种利用以上发电增氧装置实现的发电增氧方法，当所述垂荡浮子因波浪作用而发生垂荡运动时，与所述垂荡浮子刚性连接的所述丝杠也随之发生竖向位移；两个所述套轴因与所述基座存在竖向约束关系从而与所述丝杠产生相对位移进而发生转动，并带动分别啮合的所述丝杆齿轮转动；所述丝杆齿轮中的一个经所述换向轮实现一次换向后，以相同的转动方向传导至两个同向安装的所述棘轮，从而带动所述输出轴单向转动；所述输出轴通过转动使直流发电机实现发电。
 有益效果
据上述，本发明能提供一种能通过简单且低廉的机械式传动机构实现波浪能捕获和传递，并同时实现发电与增氧双重功能的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置及方法。
 附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明一实施形态的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置的立体图；
图2是图1所示的装置的局部剖视图；
图3为图1所示的装置的内部结构的放大图；
图4为图1所示的换向系统的放大图；
符号说明：101  钢架；102  垂荡浮子；103  丝杠；104  刚性保护外壳；105  柔性防水外壳；106  基座；107  下支座；108  上支座；201  套轴；202  换向轮；203  丝杠齿轮；204  棘轮；205  输出轴；206  换向轴；301  空气过滤器；302  进气管；303  单向进气电磁阀；304  上出气管；305  下出气管；306  下单向出气电磁阀；307  上单向出气电磁阀；401  发电机。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
以下结合下述实施方式进一步说明本发明，应理解，下述实施方式只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例，即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择，而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。在各图中相同或相应的附图标记表示同一部件，并省略重复说明。
在此公开一种垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，具备捕能系统、位于捕能系统内部的换向系统、用于增氧的增氧系统及用于发电的发电系统。具体地，图1示出了根据本发明一实施形态的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置的立体图，图2是图1所示的装置的局部剖视图，图3为图1所示的装置的内部结构的放大图，图4为图1所示的换向系统的放大图。
如图1、2所示，捕能系统具备四根钢架101、垂荡浮子102、丝杠103、刚性保护外壳104、柔性防水外壳105和基座106。其中，四根钢架101下端固定于海底而上端伸出海面，基座106固定安装于钢架101顶端呈水平状态，丝杠103作为机械式传动机构而形成为可轻微摆动地贯穿基座106并沿竖直方向延伸，垂荡浮子102与丝杠103的下端固定连接，刚性保护外壳104位于基座106上方并从外部覆盖丝杠103、换向系统和发电系统，柔性防水外壳105位于基座106下方并从外部包围丝杠103，从而与下方的垂荡浮子102和上方的基座106下表面一起形成封闭的内部腔体空间。柔性防水外壳105形成为能沿丝杠103的轴向伸缩的结构，因此内部腔体空间可增大或缩小。
又，如图2、3、4所示，换向系统具备一个套轴201、下支座107、上支座108、换向轮202、两个丝杠齿轮203、两个棘轮204、输出轴205和换向轴206。其中，套轴201与丝杆103同轴地安装，具体地，套轴201套设在丝杆103。上支座108及下支座107限制套轴201上下运动，套轴201只能发生转动，没有竖向位移。输出轴205、换向轴206与套轴201不同轴地安装，两个棘轮204上下同轴同向地安装于输出轴205上，两个丝杠齿轮203上下同轴安装于套轴201上，换向轮202安装在换向轴上并与丝杠齿轮203中的一个和棘轮204中的一个分别啮合，具体而言，丝杠齿轮203中的一个与棘轮204中的一个直接啮合，丝杠齿轮203中的另一个与换向轮202啮合，换向轮202再与棘轮204中的另一个啮合，换向轴206与换向轮202同步运动，即换向轮202套在换向轴206上。本发明图2所示的实施形态中为上方的棘轮204在换向轮202的转换下反向转动，但不限于此。
又，如图2、3所示，增氧系统具备多个空气过滤器301、进气管302、单向进气电磁阀303、上出气管304、下出气管305、上单向出气电磁阀307、下单向出气电磁阀306。其中，多个进气管302从上方嵌插于基座106，其下部伸入柔性防水外壳105内部，从而形成内部腔体空间与外部空气相连通的空气通路，其管口对应地设置有可调节进气量的多个单向进气电磁阀303，单向进气电磁阀303分别与设于基座106上表面的多个空气过滤器301连接。该空气过滤器301位于所述刚性保护外壳外部，用于滤掉水气减缓锈蚀，保护内部构件。下出气管305穿过垂荡浮子102并在其底部与其底端连接，从而形成内部腔体空间与外部连通的空气通路，其管口对应地设置有可调节进气量的下单向出气电磁阀306。多个上出气管304从上方嵌插于基座106，其下部并伸入柔性防水外壳105内部，从而形成内部腔体空间与外部空气相连通的另一空气通路，其管口对应地设置有可调节进气量的多个上单向出气电磁阀307。通过设置该上出气管304，能保证在发电功能作用时不会因为内部腔体密闭而产生过大的压阻力，防止发电效率降低。上出气管与进气管为相同构造。
又，发电系统具备发电机401且位于输出轴205上端，可产生直流电，但不限于此。具体地，本发明中，垂荡浮子102在波浪的作用下发生垂荡运动，进而带动与其刚性连接的丝杠103上下运动。丝杠103的上下运动时，由于丝杠103的机械式结构特点使该竖向相对位移转换为套轴201及丝杠齿轮203的转动。更具体而言，本发明所例举的实施形态中，当丝杠103向上运动时，两个丝杠齿轮203顺时针转动，下方的棘轮204逆时针转动，上方的棘轮204在换向轮202的转换下顺时针转动，从而逆时针转动的棘轮204带动发电机401发电，顺时针转动的棘轮204与输出轴205相对运动，不带动发电机401发电。当丝杠103向下运动时，两个丝杠齿轮203逆时针转动，下方的棘轮204顺时针转动，上方的棘轮204在换向轮202的转换下逆时针转动，逆时针转动的棘轮204带动发电机401发电，顺时针转动的棘轮204与输出轴205相对运动，不带动发电机401发电。
此外，柔性防水外壳105所形成的内部腔体的尺寸大小可依据具体海况进行适应性调整，并不做特殊限定。此外，在柔性防水外壳105的周向配设有刚性圈，例如本发明中如图1所示，柔性防水外壳105形成为折叠状伸缩结构，在其突起部分设有钢圈，由此能够限制柔性防水外壳105径向的体积膨胀，确保气体可以顺利排出。
本发明通过形成为上述结构，当垂荡浮子102向下运动时，柔性防水外壳105围成的内部腔体的体积增大，空气因压强作用经过空气过滤器301以较少的含水量从进气管302进入腔体，此时关闭下单向出气电磁阀306阻止海水进入腔体；当垂荡浮子102向上运动时，柔性防水外壳105围成的内部腔体的体积减小，单向进气电磁阀303阻止腔体中的空气从上方返回大气，空气经过下单向出气电磁阀306进入海水。借助于此，当垂荡浮子102作垂荡运动时，内部腔体的体积也随之增大或减小，从而吸入或排出空气，能够增大海水中的氧气含量。
此外，当海上波高较大时，调节上单向出气电磁阀307使出气量减小，并调节下单向出气电磁阀306使出气量增大，从而使垂荡浮子102运动的阻力加大；当波高大于规定值，关闭单向进气电磁阀303、上单向出气电磁阀307、下单向出气电磁阀306使垂荡浮子102悬停在较高的位置。借助于此，通过调节出气量的大小能在风浪较大时限制浮体运动幅度，从而保护装置免受过大的波浪的破坏，当风浪过大时使浮子在最高处悬停不再进行工作，从而进一步保护装置。其中，规定值为装置安全工作的极限波高，可根据具体情况而定。
根据本发明，通过采用上述新型的垂荡浮子102捕能的机械式传动机构，解决了原有齿轮齿条传动不可靠、寿命低的缺陷，发挥了机械式系统成本低廉的特点。此外，通过柔性防水外壳105与丝杠103与各进出气管的配合，本发明还能实现增氧与发电的双功能使用，并且通过设置电磁阀进行气阀控制，从而能够不影响两个功能单独工作时的效益。因此，本发明为海洋能浮子的垂荡方向能量捕获提供了新思路，不仅在风浪较大时能通过调节进气管302大小限制浮体运动幅度保护浮体，还同时能为特定区域提供增氧功能。此外，设置柔性保护外壳105和刚性保护外壳104能对丝杆形成保护。
以上的具体实施方式对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应当理解的是，以上仅为本发明的一种具体实施方式而已，并不限于本发明的保护范围，在不脱离本发明的基本特征的宗旨下，本发明可体现为多种形式，因此本发明中的实施形态是用于说明而非限制，由于本发明的范围由权利要求限定而非由说明书限定，而且落在权利要求界定的范围，或其界定的范围的等价范围内的所有变化都应理解为包括在权利要求书中。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内的，所做出的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，具备：捕能系统、位于所述捕能系统内部的换向系统、增氧系统及发电系统；其中，
    所述捕能系统具备：
    下端固定于海底而上端伸出海面的多根平行的钢架、
    固定安装于所述钢架顶端的基座、
    作为传动机构而形成为可轻微摆动地贯穿所述基座并沿所述钢架的平行方向延伸的丝杠、
    位于所述基座下方并从外部包围所述丝杠、且形成为能沿所述丝杠的轴向伸缩的柔性防水外壳、以及
    与所述丝杠的下端固定连接的垂荡浮子；
    所述换向系统具备：
    与所述丝杆同轴地安装的套轴、
    与所述套轴不同轴地安装的输出轴、
    同向安装于所述输出轴上的两个棘轮、
    安装于所述套轴上的两个丝杠齿轮、以及
    与所述丝杠齿轮中的一个和所述棘轮中的一个分别啮合的换向轮；
    所述增氧系统具备：
    从上方嵌插于所述基座且下部伸入所述柔性防水外壳内部而形成空气通路的多个进气管、
    对应地设于所述进气管的管口且可调节进气量的多个单向进气电磁阀、
    与所述垂荡浮子的底端连接从而使所述柔性防水外壳围成的内部空间与外部连通的多个下出气管、
    对应地设于所述下出气管的管口且可调节进气量的多个下单向出气电磁阀、
    从上方嵌插于所述基座并伸入所述柔性防水外壳内部的多个上出气管、以及
    对应地设于所述上出气管的管口且可调节进气量的多个上单向出气电磁阀；
    所述发电系统位于所述输出轴上端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，在所述柔性防水外壳绕周向配设有刚性圈。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，所述捕能系统还具备位于所述基座上方并从外部覆盖所述丝杠的刚性保护外壳。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，所述丝杠上的所述丝杠齿轮中的一个与所述输出轴上的所述棘轮中的一个相啮合，所述丝杠上的所述丝杠齿轮中的另一个与所述换向轮啮合，所述换向轮再与所述输出轴上的所述棘轮中的另一个啮合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，
    当所述垂荡浮子向下运动时，所述柔性防水外壳围成的内部腔体的体积增大，空气因压强作用经过所述空气过滤器以较少的含水量从所述进气管进入腔体，关闭下单向出气电磁阀阻止海水进入腔体；
    当所述垂荡浮子向上运动时，所述柔性防水外壳围成的内部腔体的体积减小，所述单向进气电磁阀阻止腔体中的空气从上方返回大气，空气经过所述下单向出气电磁阀进入海水。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，所述增氧系统还具备安装于所述基座上表面的多个空气过滤器，所述空气过滤器分别与所述单向进气电磁阀连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，
    当海上波高较大时，调节所述上单向出气电磁阀使出气量减小，并调节所述下单向出气电磁阀使出气量增大，从而使所述垂荡浮子运动的阻力加大；
    当波高大于规定值，关闭所述单向进气电磁阀、所述上单向出气电磁阀、所述下单向出气电磁阀使所述垂荡浮子悬停在较高的位置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，其特征在于，所述规定值为装置能安全工作的极限波高。
  9. 一种垂荡浮子式发电增氧方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的垂荡浮子式发电增氧装置，
    当所述垂荡浮子因波浪作用而发生垂荡运动时，与所述垂荡浮子刚性连接的所述丝杠也随之发生竖向位移；
    两个所述套轴因与所述基座存在竖向约束关系从而与所述丝杠产生相对位移进而发生转动，并带动分别啮合的所述丝杆齿轮转动；
    所述丝杆齿轮中的一个经所述换向轮实现一次换向后，以相同的转动方向传导至两个同向安装的所述棘轮，从而带动所述输出轴单向转动；
    所述输出轴通过转动使直流发电机实现发电。
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