WO2021004258A1 - 一种异构视力表及视力检验方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种异构视力表及视力检验方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021004258A1
WO2021004258A1 PCT/CN2020/097325 CN2020097325W WO2021004258A1 WO 2021004258 A1 WO2021004258 A1 WO 2021004258A1 CN 2020097325 W CN2020097325 W CN 2020097325W WO 2021004258 A1 WO2021004258 A1 WO 2021004258A1
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Prior art keywords
visual acuity
optotype
chart
optotypes
type
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PCT/CN2020/097325
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪岚
苑一详
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青岛大学
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Priority claimed from CN201910605772.0A external-priority patent/CN110236481B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910605759.5A external-priority patent/CN110313887B/zh
Application filed by 青岛大学 filed Critical 青岛大学
Priority to US17/614,562 priority Critical patent/US11445905B2/en
Publication of WO2021004258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021004258A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0041—Operational features thereof characterised by display arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of vision detection, and specifically relates to a heterogeneous acuity chart for vision inspection and a vision inspection method and device.
  • the results of the visual acuity test rely on subjective cooperation and the main statement, which are untrue.
  • the standard inspection distance of 5 meters can correctly identify more than half of the smallest visual standard as the visual acuity.
  • the direction of the visual target with higher visual acuity is memorized in 1 line-2 to disguise high visual acuity.
  • the victim lied that he could only recognize low-vision targets in order to disguise low-vision, resulting in wrong identification, and allowing the victim to get more compensation or the perpetrator's punishment increased.
  • the inventor found that by changing the structure of the eye chart, the inspection distance, and the size and direction of the optotype, the examinee can effectively prevent the examinee from memorizing the order of the optotype and disguising high vision.
  • the perceptual system can pretend to be low vision by estimating the size and distance of the optotype, it is difficult to effectively judge people who pretend to be low vision. Pretending to have low vision is still an important difficult problem in vision testing. Even if it is found that the reduced vision cannot be explained, and the pretend is suspected, it will be unable to make clear judgments and conclusions due to lack of basis, and allow false results to be used.
  • the present invention aims at the above-mentioned shortcomings, such as difficulty in judging the authenticity of visual inspection results and large errors in low visual inspection in the existing visual inspection process, and provides a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, visual inspection device, and inspection method and device.
  • the structure of the visual acuity chart is changed, and the examinee is inspected multiple times to obtain the true vision of the examinee, which can effectively detect the disguised vision, especially Disguise low vision.
  • Vision is the ability of people to perceive the size of external objects, which is affected by both external sensory stimuli and internal cognitive processes. These cognitive processes are affected by factors such as past experience and memory.
  • the examinee uses the conventional visual acuity chart for visual acuity testing, the visual acuity is mainly disguised based on this special perception of the size of the object. Misconceptions are misjudgments and perceptions based on empiricism or improper references when people observe objects.
  • This application uses the erroneous view composed of different sizes of optotypes and perspective views as the eye chart, which interferes with the judgment of the size of the object by causing the illusion of visual depth, but does not affect the discrimination of real vision, and then discriminates the disguised vision.
  • the present invention provides a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, which is a size error view composed of a heterogeneous reference area and at least two optotypes with different sizes.
  • the heterogeneous reference area can cause Misjudgment of the size of optotypes of different sizes, visually assume that a certain smaller optotype is not smaller than another larger optotype.
  • the heterogeneous reference area is a perspective view that can have a visual depth effect on optotypes of different sizes.
  • M larger optotypes are placed in a closer position in the perspective view, and N smaller optotypes are placed. The mark is placed at a farther position visually in the perspective view.
  • M and N are positive integers ⁇ 1, which can cause the illusion of visual depth and lead to misjudgment of the size of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes is the background part in the view of constant size and error.
  • the perspective view is a grid pattern composed of the first line, the second line, and the third line.
  • the first lines are concentrated at a point along the depth direction, a plurality of mutually parallel second lines intersect the first line in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of mutually parallel third lines intersect the first line in the vertical direction.
  • the heterogeneous reference area further includes a misalignment shape that can make a smaller optotype larger visually, and a larger optotype smaller visually.
  • the misalignment shape includes but is not limited to letter graphics, Digital graphics, geometric structure graphics, cones and other pictures that can realize the above-mentioned illusion function.
  • the letter graphic is an optotype graphic with the same structure as the optotype.
  • a color block is also provided between the two sets of optotypes in the heterogeneous reference area, and the two sets of optotypes are separated and connected by the color block to form a visual partition.
  • the first type of optotype includes several optotypes of small size
  • the second type of optotype includes several optotypes of large size
  • the size of the first type of optotype is the second type 0.64-0.99 times the size of the optotype
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the line or misalignment that constitutes the heterogeneous reference area around it is more than half of the width of the optotype.
  • the space between two adjacent optotypes The white distance is more than half of the width of the larger optotype.
  • Each optotype contains at least 5 optotypes in four directions, and the directions of two adjacent optotypes are different.
  • the heterogeneous reference area is the first type of optotype graphics and the second type of optotype graphics that have the same structure as the optotype.
  • the first type of optotype graphics and the second type of optotype graphics are placed in the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype graphics, respectively.
  • the size of the first type of optotype is not greater than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the second type of optotype is not less than 1.5 times that of the second type of optotype, by generating Ebbinghaus The illusion makes the first type of optotype appear larger visually, and the second type of optotype appears smaller visually, thereby affecting the normal judgment of the size of the optotype.
  • the optotype graphics are specifically E-type optotype graphics and C-type optotype graphics, and the principles of the two are the same.
  • the cone-shaped body is between the two optotypes, the tip of the cone-shaped body is near the first type of optotype, and the bottom surface of the cone-shaped body is near the second type of optotype.
  • the size of the first type of optotype is 0.79-0.81 times the size of the second type of optotype.
  • the present invention provides a vision inspection method, which includes the following steps:
  • the number of inspections with heterogeneous visual acuity charts is ⁇ 1, and the subject is judged based on the visual difference between the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts, between the heterogeneous visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart Whether your vision is true vision.
  • the specific methods for determining vision are:
  • visual acuity is within 1 standard visual acuity line, that is: visual acuity ⁇ 1 standard visual acuity line, the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is true visual acuity;
  • the visual acuity of the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart test is False vision
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test shows that the first type of optotype can be correctly recognized but the second type of optotype cannot be correctly recognized, or there is a contradiction between the visual acuity that cannot be reasonably explained , It may not cooperate subjectively, and the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic eye chart may be false visual acuity.
  • the vision inspection method further includes performing a vision inspection through a single eye chart, so that the single eye chart to be tested moves from far to near relative to the person being tested, and the inspection distance between the person to be tested and the single eye chart to be tested is changed to the target person.
  • the inspector can correctly identify the farthest distance of more than half of the visual target, calculate and record the inspected vision,
  • the single vision chart is a plan view composed of at least 5 optotypes of the same size.
  • there are 4 types of optotype directions and the white space between any two adjacent optotypes is the width of the optotype. More than half of, and any two adjacent optotypes in the vertical direction have different directions, and any two adjacent optotypes in the horizontal direction have different directions;
  • the number of inspections with heterogeneous visual acuity charts and single visual acuity charts is ⁇ 1.
  • the visual acuity difference between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart determine whether the visual acuity of the examinee is true visual acuity.
  • the specific judgment method is:
  • visual acuity is within 1 standard visual acuity line, that is: visual acuity ⁇ 1 standard visual acuity line, the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is true visual acuity;
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test shows that the first type of optotype can be correctly recognized but the second type of optotype cannot be correctly recognized, or there is a contradiction between the visual acuity that cannot be reasonably explained , It may not cooperate subjectively, and the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic eye chart may be false visual acuity.
  • the present invention provides a vision inspection device, including a distance measuring device, an eye chart installation and adjustment device, and an eye chart support device.
  • the eye chart installation and adjustment device is fixed on the eye chart support device for Transform and display different visual acuity charts.
  • the distance measuring device is used to measure the distance between the tested person and the visual acuity chart to be tested.
  • the visual acuity chart or its image in the mirror is the visual acuity chart to be tested. Structure eye chart, standard logarithmic eye chart and single eye chart.
  • the eye chart support device is specifically a first support device, and the eye chart is detachably mounted on the support plate of the first support device. At this time, the eye chart to be tested is an eye chart.
  • the eye chart support device is specifically a first support device, and the vision inspection device further includes a second support device and a mirror.
  • the eye chart can be detachably mounted on the first support device.
  • a supporting device is placed on the opposite side of the second supporting device, and the mirror is installed on the second supporting device so that the mirror and the heterogeneous eye chart or the standard logarithmic eye chart are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the eye chart is the imaging of the eye chart in the mirror.
  • the above-mentioned vision inspection device further includes a mobile device, which is used to realize the relative movement between the eye chart to be tested and the examinee.
  • the eye chart installation and adjustment device includes a first magnet and a second magnet that are mutually attracted, and the first magnet is fixedly installed on the heterogeneous eye chart, the standard logarithmic eye chart, and the single eye chart Above, the second magnet is installed on the supporting plate of the first supporting device.
  • the eye chart support device is specifically a first support device
  • the eye chart installation adjustment device includes a control unit, an eye chart display screen and an eye results display screen connected to the control unit, and the eye chart display screen is installed on
  • the control unit is provided with a data storage module, an eye chart selection module, a heterogeneous eye chart generation module for generating the above-mentioned heterogeneous eye chart, and a standard vision chart for generating a standard logarithmic eye chart
  • the module and the standard eye chart generating module are respectively connected with the data storage module.
  • the distance measuring device is a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor installed on the first supporting device is connected to the control unit.
  • the vision inspection device further includes an intelligent mobile device, an optotype indicating module, and an optotype recognizer.
  • the intelligent mobile device includes a wheel at the bottom of the first support device, a drive motor connected to the wheel, and a brake on the wheel. The motor and the brake are respectively connected to the drive module in the control unit.
  • the optotype indicating module is used to indicate the optotype to be recognized by the examinee
  • the optotype recognizer is used to confirm the start of recognizing the optotype and input the optotype to be recognized.
  • the drive module, the visual mark indicating module and the visual mark recognizer are all connected to the data storage module.
  • control unit further includes a camouflage vision judgment module, which is connected to the data storage module, and obtains from the data storage module the vision detected by the single vision chart, the heterogeneous vision chart, and the standard logarithmic vision chart The detected eyesight is then compared for multiple times to judge whether the eyesight is false, and the judgment result is sent to the data storage module for storage, and the judgment result of the examinee is sent to the vision result display screen for display.
  • a camouflage vision judgment module which is connected to the data storage module, and obtains from the data storage module the vision detected by the single vision chart, the heterogeneous vision chart, and the standard logarithmic vision chart The detected eyesight is then compared for multiple times to judge whether the eyesight is false, and the judgment result is sent to the data storage module for storage, and the judgment result of the examinee is sent to the vision result display screen for display.
  • control unit further includes an optotype size setting module for setting the size of the optotype, and the optotype size setting module is respectively associated with a heterogeneous eye chart generating module, a single eye chart generating module, and a standard eye chart. Generate module connection.
  • control unit further includes an optotype direction setting module for setting the direction of the optotype.
  • the optotype direction setting module is connected to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module, the single visual acuity chart generating module, and the standard Connect the eye chart generation module.
  • control unit further includes an optotype arrangement setting module for distributing and arranging the positions of the optotypes, the optotype arrangement setting module and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module and the single visual acuity chart generating module respectively.
  • optotype arrangement setting module for distributing and arranging the positions of the optotypes
  • the optotype arrangement setting module for distributing and arranging the positions of the optotypes
  • the optotype arrangement setting module and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module and the single visual acuity chart generating module respectively.
  • Module and standard eye chart generation module connection
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart of the present invention is composed of at least two optotypes of different sizes.
  • the size of the small optotype is 0.64-0.99 times the size of the large optotype.
  • the inspection distance between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the examinee is the distance at which the examinee can correctly identify the small optotype, the examinee can correctly identify the large optotype at the same time. If the subject's statement can correctly identify small optotypes but cannot correctly identify large optotypes, the abnormal identification indicates that the subject's statement is false, and the subjective non-cooperation is warned, and vision is disguised.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart of the present invention is a size error view composed of a heterogeneous reference area and at least two optotypes of different sizes.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart contains at least two optotypes of different sizes.
  • the inspection distance between the visual acuity chart and the examinee is the farthest distance the examinee can recognize the large optotype.
  • the small optotype has exceeded the examinee’s vision and cannot be recognized correctly.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart of the present invention at least two optotypes of different sizes are provided with multiple sets of heterogeneous reference areas composed of lines, so that the visual size of the small-sized optotype is not smaller than that of the large-sized optotype.
  • the inspection at least two optotypes of different sizes are easily confused by the examinee, which can make the examinee make wrong judgments of the optotype size, prevent the examinee from disguising, and improve the accuracy of the inspection.
  • there is another recognition abnormality during the inspection of heterogeneous visual acuity charts that is, in the same inspection of the same heterogeneous visual acuity chart, the visual acuity results at two inspection distances cannot be reasonably explained.
  • the vision inspection device of the present invention uses two different visual acuity charts of heterogeneous visual acuity chart and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart for visual acuity inspection. Since at least two optotypes used by the heterogeneous visual acuity chart are easily confused by the examinee, it can make The subject has a wrong judgment on the size of the visual standard, so that the subject cannot be disguised, and the accuracy of the test is improved.
  • the visual acuity difference between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart will be used to determine whether the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is Real vision can effectively detect camouflage vision and overcome camouflage high vision.
  • the vision inspection device of the present invention is also provided with a single eye chart.
  • the single eye chart is used together with the heterogeneous eye chart and the standard logarithmic eye chart for vision inspection, and the inspection is repeated many times, so that the inspection result is more accurate.
  • the vision inspection device of the present invention is equipped with a mobile support device and an optotype size setting module.
  • the distance between the eye chart and the subject is changed by the movable support device, and the size of the optotype is set by the optotype size setting module.
  • the size and distance of the optotype used in each inspection are different, and the inspection is repeated many times to make the inspection results more accurate. For example, if a subject has a fractional visual acuity of 0.25, the best subject of the test is to identify 0.3 visual targets at a distance of 4.4 meters, 0.27 visual targets at 5 meters, and 0.2 visual targets at 6.3 meters.
  • the true vision tested is the smallest visual acuity.
  • the actual identifiable visual standard is higher than the best subjective visual acuity.
  • the standard logarithmic visual acuity is required.
  • the eye chart is structured to maintain the low vision of its choice. The visual acuity inspection device and inspection method of the present invention, because the structure of the visual acuity chart is different, and the size and direction of the visual target are changing, the inspection distance of the visual acuity chart is also changing.
  • the visual target and distance change always maintain the same false low subjective visual acuity, and the phenomenon that the best subjective visual acuity is sometimes good or bad, confirms the subjective non-cooperation and disguised visual acuity of the examinee.
  • people who pretend to have low vision often choose larger-looking optotypes, which are often manifested as a contradiction that is difficult to reasonably explain that "small optotypes can be recognized but not large ones".
  • the present invention examines vision The method can warn of the possibility of disguising low vision.
  • the vision inspection device and inspection method of the present invention make use of the above subjective non-cooperation judgment conclusions to make subjective non-cooperation judgments, conform to the rules of vision inspection, are scientific and reliable, perfect the types of vision inspection conclusions, and can effectively prevent persons who pretend to be sighted from gaining improper benefits. Important practical significance.
  • a variety of preventive measures can also be used to prevent the person being inspected from disguising their vision, for example: closing the eyes and resting between inspections, reducing the short-term memory of the target and distance ; Random use of visual acuity charts with different optotype directions to prevent memorizing the order of optotypes, etc.
  • the vision inspection device and inspection method of the present invention use different visual acuity charts and different sizes of visual targets for each inspection and change the inspection distance from near to far or from far to near, or the standard inspection distance of 5 meters. , It is best to describe the eyesight in multiple tests, and the test results depend on the real and best eyesight. Those who do not cooperate subjectively will not give the eyesight test conclusions. The eyesight conclusions are true and reliable.
  • Figures 1 to 21 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart in Examples 1-21 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single eye chart according to embodiment 22 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is a structural diagram of a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart according to embodiment 23 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a vision inspection device according to embodiment 24 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a vision inspection device according to embodiment 25 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of a vision inspection device according to embodiment 26 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 27 is a structural diagram of the control unit in the vision inspection device according to the 27th embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a heterogeneous visual acuity chart.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is a size error view composed of a heterogeneous reference area and at least two types of optotypes with different sizes.
  • the heterogeneous reference area can lead to different sizes of
  • the misjudgment of the size of the optotype is that a certain type of smaller optotype is not smaller than another type of larger optotype.
  • the heterogeneous reference area is a perspective view that can have a visual depth effect on optotypes of different sizes.
  • M larger optotypes are placed in a closer position in the perspective view, and N smaller optotypes are placed. The mark is placed at a farther position visually in the perspective view.
  • M and N are positive integers ⁇ 1, which can cause the illusion of visual depth and lead to misjudgment of the size of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes is the background part in the view of constant size and error.
  • the perspective view is a grid pattern composed of the first line, the second line, and the third line.
  • the first lines are concentrated at a point along the depth direction, a plurality of mutually parallel second lines intersect the first line in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of mutually parallel third lines intersect the first line in the vertical direction.
  • the heterogeneous reference area further includes a misalignment shape that can make a smaller optotype larger visually, and a larger optotype smaller visually.
  • the misalignment shape includes but is not limited to letter graphics, Digital graphics, geometric structure graphics, cones and other pictures that can realize the above-mentioned illusion function.
  • the letter graphic is an optotype graphic with the same structure as the optotype.
  • a color block is also provided between the two sets of optotypes in the heterogeneous reference area, and the two sets of optotypes are separated and connected by the color block to form a visual partition.
  • the first type of optotype includes several optotypes of small size
  • the second type of optotype includes several optotypes of large size
  • the size of the first type of optotype is the second type 0.64-0.99 times the size of the optotype
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the line or misalignment that constitutes the heterogeneous reference area around it is more than half of the width of the optotype.
  • the space between two adjacent optotypes The white distance is more than half of the width of the larger optotype.
  • Each optotype contains at least 5 optotypes in four directions, and the directions of two adjacent optotypes are different.
  • the heterogeneous reference area includes the first type of optotype graphics and the second type of optotype graphics that have the same structure as the optotype.
  • the first type of optotype graphics and the second type of optotype graphics are placed in the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype graphics, respectively.
  • the size of the first type of optotype is not greater than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the second type of optotype is not less than 1.5 times that of the second type of optotype, by generating Ebbinghaus The illusion makes the first type of optotype appear larger visually, and the second type of optotype appears smaller visually, thereby affecting the normal judgment of the size of the optotype.
  • the optotype graphics are specifically E-type optotype graphics and C-type optotype graphics, and the principles of the two are the same.
  • the cone-shaped body is between the two optotypes, the tip of the cone-shaped body is near the first type of optotype, and the bottom surface of the cone-shaped body is near the second type of optotype.
  • the size of the first type of optotype is 0.79-0.81 times the size of the second type of optotype.
  • Example 1 Refer to Figure 1, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes and a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the first type of visual acuity includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view includes a first line A, a second line B, and a third line C. A number of first lines A are concentrated at one point along the depth direction, and a number of parallel second lines B are horizontally aligned with the first line.
  • the grid pattern formed by the intersection of A forms a horizontal plane.
  • Several third lines C parallel to each other in the vertical direction intersect the first line A to form a plurality of grid patterns arranged in order from large to small to form a vertical plane.
  • the second line B in the vertical plane is connected to the lower end of the third line C in the vertical plane, and the horizontal plane and the vertical plane are connected to form a three-dimensional space.
  • the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the third optotype is in the first and second optotypes.
  • the 4th and 5th optotypes are in the grid pattern below the grid pattern where the 1st and 2nd optotypes are located and the third optotype
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid pattern is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype.
  • adjacent The blank distance between two optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • There are 4 optotype directions. The two optotypes in the same grid have different directions. The direction of the label is also different.
  • the second type of optotype In the lower left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third optotype is in the first and second optotypes.
  • the fourth optotype In the first grid pattern on the upper right side of the grid pattern, the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper left side of the grid pattern on the left side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located, and the fifth Optotypes are located between the first grid pattern on the upper right side of the grid pattern where the fourth optotype is located and the first grid pattern on the left side of the grid pattern where the third optotype is located.
  • the margin distance between the edges of the grid graphics is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the margin distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than that of the second type of optotype.
  • Half of the width there are 4 optotype directions. Two optotype directions in the same grid pattern are different, and any two adjacent optotype directions are also different.
  • Example 2 Refer to Fig. 2, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different s position.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not greater than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the upper right area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third optotype is in the first and second optotypes.
  • the 4th and 5th optotypes are on the lower side of the grid pattern where the 1st and 2nd optotypes are located and the third grid
  • the small-sized E-type optotype graph is in the grid graph below the grid graph where the first and second optotypes are located, between each optotype and the edge of the grid graph where it is located
  • the blank distance of is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype. There are 4 directions.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third optotype is in the first and second optotypes.
  • the 4th optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper left side of the grid pattern on the left side of the 3rd optotype.
  • the larger E-type optotype pattern is located on the left side of the grid pattern where the 3rd optotype is located and the fourth optotype is located.
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid graph where it is located is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the distance between two adjacent optotypes The blanking distance is not less than half the width of the second type of optotype.
  • Example 3 See Figure 3, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and 4 lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the two types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups
  • the first group of optotypes Including 4 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes
  • the second group of optotypes includes 1 second type of optotypes and 4 first type of optotypes
  • the optotypes in are placed in different positions.
  • the size of the small E-type optotype graphics is not larger than that of the first type of optotype 0.5 times, the size of the large E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times that of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as that of the first embodiment. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the first type of optotype
  • the fifth optotype is the The second type of optotype
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the first E-type optotype of smaller size is the grid pattern below the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern where the first E-type optotype graphic of the smaller size is located
  • the second E-type optotype graphic of the smaller size is in the third visual mark.
  • the 4th and 5th optotypes are in the grid pattern where the first E-type optotype pattern with the smaller size is located and the second E-word visual with the smaller size.
  • the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid pattern where it is located The blank distance between them is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype, and the gap between two adjacent first types of optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype, the second type
  • the blank distance between the optotype and the edge of the grid graph is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype, and the gap between the adjacent first and second optotypes is not less than The width of a second type of optotype is half of the width,
  • the lower left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the second type of optotype
  • the fifth optotype is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the fifth optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper right side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the third optotype In the first grid pattern on the upper left side of the grid pattern on the left side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fourth optotype is on the first grid on the right side of the grid pattern where the third optotype is located.
  • the first E-shaped optotype graphic with a large size is in the first grid graphic above the grid graphic where the third optotype is located, and the second E-shaped optotype graphic with a large size is in the fourth
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid pattern where it is located shall not be less than a second type.
  • the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • Example 4 Refer to Figure 4, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and a line composed of lines
  • the cone-shaped body is colored, the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes, the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes, the first type of optotype and the second type
  • the optotypes are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as that of the first embodiment. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third is the first and second optotypes.
  • the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern above the grid pattern where the third optotype is located.
  • the 5 optotypes are between the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located, the grid pattern where the third optotype is located, and the grid patterns on the left side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located.
  • the blank distance between the mark and the edge of the grid graph where it is located is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the margin distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than one.
  • Half of the width of one optotype there are 4 optotype directions, two optotypes in the same grid pattern have different directions, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • the second type of optotype In the lower left area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third and fourth optotypes are in the first and second optotypes.
  • the fifth optotype is on the first grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the third and fourth optotypes are located and in the 1.
  • Two optotypes are located between the grid graphics on the upper right side of the grid graphics and the left side of the first grid graphics, the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid graphics is not less than a second type Half of the width of the optotype. In the same grid pattern, the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the cone is between the two optotypes, the tip of the cone is near the first optotype, and the bottom of the cone is near the second optotype.
  • Example 5 Refer to Figure 5, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines It is composed of an E-shaped optotype graphic and a cone-shaped body composed of lines. The cone-shaped body is colored.
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes.
  • the optotype, the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not more than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as that of the first embodiment. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third and fourth optotypes are in the first.
  • the 5th optotype is on the first grid above the grid pattern where the 3rd and 4th optotypes are located
  • the small-sized E-type optotype is between the grid pattern where the 3rd and 4th optotypes are located and the grid pattern on the left side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located.
  • the margin distance between the edges of the grid graphics is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype. In the same grid graphics, the margin distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than that of the first type of optotype. Half of the width, there are 4 optotype directions.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third and fourth optotypes are in the first and second.
  • the fifth optotype is in the fourth grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located.
  • the large-sized E-type optotype is between the first grid pattern on the upper right side of the grid pattern where the 3rd and 4th optotypes and the first grid pattern on the upper left side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located ,
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid graphic where it is located is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the gap between two adjacent optotypes is quite large
  • Two optotype directions in the same grid pattern are different, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • the cone is between the two optotypes, the tip of the cone is near the first optotype, and the bottom of the cone is near the second optotype.
  • Example 6 Refer to Fig. 6, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of optotypes of different sizes, and two lines It is composed of an E-shaped optotype graphic and a cone-shaped body composed of lines. The cone-shaped body is colored.
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes.
  • the 2 types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups, the first group of optotypes includes 5 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes, the second group of optotypes includes 4 second types of optotypes, the first The optotypes in the group and the optotypes in the second group are placed in different positions.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not more than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth optotype are the first type of optotype, and the sixth Marked as the second type of optotype, the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third optotype is in the first grid pattern above the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located ,
  • the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern on the lower right side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located, and the fifth optotype is located in the grid where the fourth optotype is located In the first grid graph on the lower left side of the graph, the sixth optotype is in the blank area on the upper right side of all the smallest grid graphs, and the small E-type optotype graph is on the grid where the first and second optotypes are located Between the graphic and the grid graphic on the left side of the grid
  • the second group of optotypes In the lower right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third optotype is in the first and second optotypes.
  • the fourth optotype In the first grid pattern on the upper left side of the grid pattern on the left side of the grid pattern where the target is located, the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper right side of the grid pattern where the third optotype is located.
  • the E-type optotype graphic is between the grid graphic where the fourth optotype is located and the first grid graphic on the upper left side of the grid graphic where the first and second optotypes are located, and between each optotype and the edge of the grid graphic where it is located
  • the blanking distance of is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype.
  • the blanking distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype.
  • There are 4 kinds of directions two optotypes in the same grid graph have different directions, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • the cone is between the two optotypes, the tip of the cone is near the first optotype, and the bottom of the cone is near the second optotype.
  • Example 7 Refer to Figure 7, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes and a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the first type of visual acuity includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view includes a first line A, a second line B, and a third line C. A number of first lines A are concentrated at one point along the depth direction, and a number of parallel second lines B are horizontally aligned with the first line.
  • the grid pattern formed by the intersection of A forms the upper and lower horizontal planes.
  • Several third lines C parallel to each other intersect with the first line A in the vertical direction, and several grid patterns arranged from large to small form a vertical plane.
  • the second line B in the upper and lower horizontal planes respectively intersect the third line C in the vertical plane at one point, connecting the horizontal plane and the vertical plane to form a three-dimensional space.
  • the upper right area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first optotype is in the first grid pattern above a certain grid pattern
  • the second Two optotypes are in the first grid pattern under the grid pattern
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern
  • the fourth optotype is in the grid pattern In the first grid pattern on the right
  • the fifth optotype is between the 4 adjacent grid patterns
  • one of the 4 adjacent grid patterns is connected to the grid where the second optotype is located.
  • the grid pattern is adjacent to the grid pattern where the 4th optotype is located, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid pattern is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype.
  • any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • the second type of optotype In the lower left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the first, second, and third optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the fourth optotype is in the first, second and second.
  • the fifth optotype In the first grid pattern on the upper side of the grid pattern where the 3 optotypes are located, the fifth optotype is in the first grid pattern at the lower right side of the grid pattern where the first 1, 2, and 3 optotypes are located.
  • the margin distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid graph where it is located is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the margin distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than
  • the width of a second type of optotype is half the width, and there are 4 optotype directions.
  • the three optotype directions in the same grid pattern are different, and the directions of any two adjacent optotypes are also different.
  • Example 8 Refer to Figure 8, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the two types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups
  • the first group of optotypes Including 4 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes
  • the second group of optotypes includes 4 second types of optotypes and 1 first type of optotypes
  • the optotypes in are placed in different positions.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not more than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as the seventh embodiment. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the first type of optotype
  • the fifth optotype is the The second type of optotype
  • the small-sized E-type optotype is in a certain grid pattern
  • the first optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper side of the grid pattern
  • the second optotype is in the grid pattern.
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern
  • the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern.
  • the fifth optotype is between the 4 adjacent grid patterns, and one of the 4 adjacent grid patterns is the same as the grid pattern where the smaller E-shaped optotype pattern is located ,
  • the grid pattern where the second optotype is located is adjacent to the grid pattern where the fourth optotype is located, and the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid pattern where it is located is not less than the width of the first type of optotype
  • the blank distance between the second type of optotype and the edge of the grid graphic is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the lower left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the second type of optotype
  • the fifth optotype is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern above the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fourth optotype In the first grid pattern on the lower right side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fifth optotype is in the first grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern where the fourth optotypes are located.
  • the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid graphics where it is located is not less than the width of the first type of optotype Half
  • the blank distance between the second type of optotype and the edge of the grid graph where it is located is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype
  • the gap between two adjacent second type of optotypes is not less than
  • the width of a second type of optotype is half, and there are 4 optotype directions. Two optotypes in the same grid pattern have different directions, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • Example 9 Refer to Figure 9, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and 3 lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the two types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups
  • the first group of optotypes Including 4 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes
  • the second group of optotypes includes 4 second types of optotypes and 1 first type of optotypes
  • the optotypes in are placed in different positions.
  • the size of the small E-type optotype graphics is not greater than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype.
  • the size of the large E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times that of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view structure is the same as the seventh embodiment. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the first type of optotype
  • the fifth optotype is the For the second type of optotype
  • the first E-type optotype with the smaller size is in a certain grid pattern
  • the first optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper side of the grid pattern
  • the second is In the first grid pattern below the grid pattern
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern on the left side of the grid pattern
  • the fourth optotype is on the right side of the grid pattern
  • the fifth optotype is between 4 adjacent grid patterns, and one of the 4 adjacent grid patterns is connected with the first E-shaped visual mark of the smaller size.
  • the grid pattern where the icon is located, the grid pattern where the second optotype is located, and the grid pattern where the fourth optotype is located are adjacent, and the smaller size of the second E-type optotype graphic is in the grid pattern where the second optotype is located
  • the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid pattern is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype
  • the second type of optotype and the grid where it is located The blank distance between the edges of the graphics is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • each optotype is different.
  • the lower left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the second type of optotype, and the fifth optotype is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern above the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fourth optotype In the first grid pattern on the lower right side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fifth optotype is the first grid pattern on the upper right side of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the large-size E-type optotype graphics in the grid graphics where the first and second optotypes are located the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid graphics where it is not less than the first type of optotype Half of the width
  • the blank distance between the second type of optotype and the edge of the grid graphic is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype
  • the gap between two adjacent second type of optotypes is not Less than half of the width of the second type of optotype, there are 4 optotype directions, two optotypes in the same grid
  • Example 10 Refer to Figure 10, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes and a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the first type of visual acuity includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view includes a first line A, a second line B, and a third line C.
  • a number of first lines A are concentrated at one point in the depth direction, and a number of third lines C parallel to each other are perpendicular to the first line.
  • the grid pattern formed by the intersection of the second line B and the third line C forms the front and back planes
  • the second of the front and back planes Line B intersects the first line A in the vertical plane at one point, connecting the front and back planes with the vertical plane, supplementing the grid patterns on the upper and lower sides of the vertical plane, the front plane and the back plane, and finally forming two connections Space.
  • the area on the right side of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first optotype is in a certain grid pattern
  • the second optotype is in the first optotype.
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern where the second optotype is located, and the fourth optotype is in the third In the second grid pattern below the grid pattern where the optotype is located, the fifth optotype is in the second grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern where the fourth optotype is located.
  • the blank distance between the edges of the grid graphic is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • In the left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the fifth optotype is in the first grid pattern on the upper side of the grid pattern where the 1st, 2, 3, and 4 optotypes are located, and the first grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the 5th optotype is located is Color grid pattern, the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid pattern is not less than half the width of the second optotype. In the same grid pattern, the distance between two adjacent optotypes The blanking distance is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype. There are 4 optotype directions. The four optotype directions in the same grid pattern are all different, and the directions of any two adjacent optotypes are different.
  • Embodiment 11 Refer to Figure 11, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different s position.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not greater than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the structure of the perspective view is the same as that of Embodiment 10. Specifically, the area on the right side of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype. Among the five optotypes, the first optotype is in a certain grid pattern, and the second optotype is in the first optotype.
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern where the second optotype is located, and the fourth optotype is in the third In the second grid pattern below the grid pattern where the optotype is located, the fifth optotype optotype is in the second grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern where the fourth optotype is located, with a small E
  • the optotype graphics are in the first grid graphics below the grid graphics where the third optotypes are located, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid graphics where it is located is not less than the first type of optotype Half of the width, there are 4 optotype directions, and any two adjacent optotype directions are not the same.
  • the second type of optotype In the left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second type of optotype.
  • 5 optotypes are distributed in two adjacent grid patterns, and the first, 2, 3, and 4 optotypes are in the same grid pattern.
  • the 5th optotype is in the first grid pattern above the grid pattern of the 1, 2, 3, and 4 optotypes.
  • the large-sized E-type optotype is in the first, 2, 3, and 4 optotypes.
  • the first grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the logo is located is a colored grid pattern, and the large-size E-shaped visual mark on the right side
  • the first grid pattern is a colored grid pattern, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid pattern is not less than half the width of the second optotype.
  • the corresponding The blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the second optotype.
  • There are 4 optotype directions. The four optotypes in the same grid have different directions. Any two adjacent optotypes have different directions. The direction of each optotype is also different.
  • Example 12 Refer to Figure 12, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and 4 lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the two types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups
  • the first group of optotypes Including 4 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes
  • the second group of optotypes includes 4 second types of optotypes and 1 first type of optotypes
  • the optotypes in are placed in different positions.
  • the size of the small E-type optotype graphics is not larger than that of the first type of optotype 0.5 times, the size of the large E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times that of the second type of optotype.
  • the structure of the perspective view is the same as that of Embodiment 10.
  • the right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the first type of optotype, and the fifth is the optotype.
  • the second type of optotype the first optotype is in a certain grid pattern
  • the second optotype is in the first grid pattern above the grid pattern where the first optotype is located
  • the third optotype In the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern where the second optotype is located
  • the fourth optotype is in the second grid pattern below the grid pattern where the third optotype is located
  • the fifth one The optotype is in the first grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the second optotype is located
  • the E-type optotype pattern with a small size is in the first grid below the grid pattern where the third optotype is located.
  • the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid graph where it is located is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype, and the gap between the second type of optotype and the edge of the grid graph where it is located The distance is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the second type of optotype
  • the fifth optotype is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern
  • the third and fourth optotypes are in the first grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fifth The optotype is in the first grid pattern above the second grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the 3rd and 4th optotypes are located.
  • the second E-type optotype pattern with the smallest size is in the grid pattern where the 5th optotype is located, and the first one above the grid pattern where the 3rd and 4th optotypes are located
  • the grid pattern and the first grid pattern on the right are colored grid patterns.
  • the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid pattern is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the blank distance between the two optotypes and the edge of the grid graph where they are located is not less than half of the width of the second optotype, and the white space between two adjacent second optotypes is not less than a second Half of the width of one optotype, there are 4 optotype directions, two optotypes in the same grid pattern have different directions, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • Example 13 See Figure 13, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two types of optotypes of different sizes and a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the first type of visual acuity includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view includes a first line A and a third line C. A number of first lines A are concentrated at one point along the depth direction, and a number of third lines C parallel to each other are formed by intersecting the first line A in the vertical direction.
  • a grid pattern arranged in order from large to small forms a vertical plane the vertical plane is inclined at a suitable angle, specifically, it is inclined inward (relative to the paper) around the lower side of the vertical plane, and then the upper and lower sides of the vertical plane are inward and outward respectively.
  • the grid pattern is supplemented outside, and finally two connected spaces are formed.
  • the blank area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first type of optotype
  • the 5 optotypes are arranged from top to bottom, and the first, 2, 3, 4, and 5 optotypes are in sequence, and The vertical center lines of the 5 optotypes are different, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the adjacent grid graph is not less than half the width of the first type of optotype, between two adjacent optotypes The blanking distance is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the blank area on the left side of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the 5 optotypes are arranged from top to bottom, and the first, 2, 3, 4, and 5 optotypes are in sequence.
  • the vertical center lines are different.
  • the grid patterns adjacent to the optotype are all colored grid patterns, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the adjacent grid pattern is not less than the width of the second type of optotype
  • the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the second optotype.
  • Example 14 Refer to Figure 14, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different s position.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not more than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype
  • the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the structure of the perspective view is the same as that of Embodiment 13. Specifically, the blank area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first type of optotype, the 5 optotypes are arranged from top to bottom, and the first, 2, 3, 4, and 5 optotypes are in sequence, and The vertical center lines of the five optotypes are different. The small-size E-type optotype is located between the second optotype and the third optotype.
  • the space between each optotype and the edge of its adjacent grid graphics The distance is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype, and the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype, the second and third optotypes
  • the blank distance between the edges of the adjacent E-type optotype graphics is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the blank area on the left side of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the 5 optotypes are arranged from top to bottom, and the first, 2, 3, 4, and 5 optotypes are in sequence.
  • the vertical center lines are different.
  • the large-size E-type optotype graphics are located between the first optotype and the second optotype.
  • the grid graphics adjacent to the optotype are all colored grid graphics.
  • the margin distance between the edges of the adjacent grid graphics is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype, and the margin distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype ,
  • the blank distance between each optotype and its adjacent E-type optotype graphic edge is not less than half the width of the second optotype.
  • Example 15 Refer to Figure 15, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the two types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups
  • the first group of optotypes Including 3 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes
  • the second group of optotypes includes 4 second types of optotypes and 2 first type of optotypes
  • the optotypes in are placed in different positions.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not more than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the structure of the perspective view is the same as that of Embodiment 13. Specifically, the blank area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the 4 optotypes are arranged in order from top to bottom, followed by the 1, 2, 3, and 4 optotypes, and 4 The vertical center lines of the optotypes are different.
  • the first, second, and third optotypes are the first type of optotype
  • the fourth optotype is the second type of optotype
  • the small E-type optotype is located in the first optotype.
  • the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the adjacent grid graph is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the blank distance between them is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype, and the gap between the first and second optotypes and the edge of the adjacent E-type optotype is not less than one Half of the width of the first type of optotype, the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype, there are 4 types of optotype directions, any Two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • the left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the second type of optotype
  • the fifth and sixth optotypes are the first.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are arranged in the blank area on the left side of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, arranged from top to bottom, and the vertical center lines of the four optotypes are different.
  • the fifth The optotype is in the second grid pattern above the first grid pattern on the right side of the first optotype
  • the sixth optotype is in the second grid pattern on the right side of the fourth optotype.
  • the 1-5 grid patterns under the 5 optotypes are all colored grid patterns, and the blank distance between the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid pattern where it is located is not less than the width of the first type of optotype Half, the blank distance between the second type of optotype and the edge of its adjacent grid graphics is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype, and the gap between two adjacent second type of optotypes is quite large At half the width of a second type of optotype, there are 4 types of optotype directions. Except for the same direction of the first optotype and the third optotype, the other two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • Example 16 See Figure 16, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes and a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes.
  • the first type of visual acuity includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view is a first line A, a second line B, and a third line C.
  • a number of first lines A are concentrated at one point in the depth direction, and a number of parallel second lines B are horizontally aligned with the first line.
  • the grid pattern formed by the intersection of A forms a horizontal plane, and a number of third lines C that are parallel to each other intersect the first line A in the vertical direction, and a plurality of grid patterns arranged from large to small form a vertical plane.
  • the second line B intersects the third line C in the vertical plane at a point, connecting the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, and the vertical plane is inclined at a suitable angle, specifically, it is inclined inward (relative to the paper) around the intersection line of the vertical plane and the horizontal plane, and then
  • the grid pattern is supplemented on the vertical surface to form a three-dimensional space.
  • the right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first type of optotype.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third is the first and second optotypes.
  • the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located, and the fourth The right side of the grid graph where the optotype is located is the blank area.
  • the fifth optotype is in the blank area on the upper side of the grid graph where the fourth optotype is located.
  • the blank distance between the two optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype. There are 4 optotype directions.
  • the left area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the first, second, and third optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the fourth and fifth optotypes are in the first and fifth optotypes. 2.
  • the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd optotypes are located on the top side of the grid pattern 1-3
  • a grid pattern, the first grid pattern below the grid pattern where the first 1, 2, and 3 optotypes are located, and the first and second grid pattern below the grid pattern where the 4th and 5th optotypes are located All are color graphics, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the grid graphic is not less than half of the width of the second optotype.
  • the distance between two adjacent optotypes The blanking distance is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • Example 17 Refer to Figure 17, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different s position.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not more than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype
  • the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view is the same as Embodiment 16. Specifically, the area on the right side of the heterogeneous eye chart is the first type of optotype. Among the five optotypes, the first optotype is in a certain grid pattern, and the second optotype is in the first optotype.
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern to the right of the grid pattern where the first optotype is located, and the third optotype is located in the grid pattern
  • the right side is the blank area
  • the fourth optotype is in the blank area on the right side of the grid graph where the third optotype is located
  • the fifth optotype is left blank on the upper side of the grid graph where the third optotype is located
  • the small-sized E-type optotype graphics are in the grid graphics where the first optotype is located, and the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the adjacent grid graphics is not less than the first type.
  • the left area of the heterogeneous eye chart is the second type of optotype.
  • the first, second, and third optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the fourth and fifth optotypes are in the first and fifth optotypes. 2.
  • the large size E-type optotype pattern is located on the grid pattern of the 4th and 5th optotypes between the first grid pattern on the right side of the grid pattern where the 4th and 5th optotypes are located, the first 1-3 grid patterns on the upper side of the grid pattern where the 1st, 2nd and 3rd optotypes, The first grid pattern below the grid pattern where the 1, 2, and 3 optotypes are located, and the first and second grid patterns below the grid pattern where the 4th and 5th optotypes are located are all color patterns.
  • the blank distance between an optotype and the edge of the grid graphic where it is located is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype.
  • the gap between two adjacent optotypes is not less than
  • the width of a second type of optotype is half, and there are 4 optotype directions.
  • the directions of the optotypes in the same grid pattern are different, and the directions of any two adjacent optotypes are also different.
  • Example 18 Refer to Figure 18, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and two lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the two types of optotypes are divided into 2 groups
  • the first group of optotypes Including 3 first types of optotypes and 1 second type of optotypes
  • the second group of optotypes includes 4 second types of optotypes and 2 first type of optotypes
  • the optotypes in are placed in different positions.
  • the size of one E-type optotype graphics is not greater than 0.5 times of the first type of optotype, and the size of the other E-type optotype graphics is not less than 1.5 times of the second type of optotype.
  • the perspective view is the same as Embodiment 16.
  • the right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the first group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, and third optotypes are the first type of optotype
  • the fourth optotype is the second.
  • the first optotype is in a certain grid pattern
  • the second optotype is in the first grid pattern below the grid pattern where the first optotype is located
  • the third optotype is in the first grid pattern.
  • the right side of the grid graph where the third optotype is located is a blank area
  • the fourth optotype is located in the grid graph where the third optotype is located
  • the small-size E-type optotype graphics are in the grid graphics where the first optotype is located, and the first type of optotype and the edge of the grid graphics where it is located or adjacent
  • the blank distance between them is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype
  • the distance between the second type of optotype and the edge of the adjacent grid graph is not less than half of the width of the second type of optotype
  • the left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the second group of optotypes.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth optotypes are the second type of optotype
  • the fifth and sixth optotypes are the first.
  • the first and second optotypes are in the same grid pattern, and the third optotype is at the second below the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the fourth optotype is in the first grid pattern to the left of the grid pattern where the third optotype is located
  • the fifth optotype is on the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the sixth optotype is in the second grid pattern to the right of the first grid pattern under the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the word optotype graphic is between the grid graphic where the first and second optotypes are located and the first grid graphic to the right of the grid graphic where the first and second optotypes are located
  • the third optotype is located on the grid graphic 1-3 grid patterns on the side, the first grid pattern under the grid pattern where the third optotype is located, and the first and second grid patterns under the grid pattern where the first and second optotypes are located
  • Embodiment 19 referring to Figure 19, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, including two kinds of different sizes of optotypes and a perspective view that has the effect of visual depth on the different sizes of optotypes, the first type of visual acuity
  • the optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different positions.
  • the perspective view includes a first rectangle, a second rectangle, and a third rectangle.
  • the three rectangles are arranged in sequence from front to back, and the corresponding corner lines (the dotted lines in the figure) of the three rectangles are concentrated at one point along the depth direction.
  • the first type of optotype is placed on the third rectangle, from top to bottom, among the five optotypes, the first The mark is placed in the upper left corner of the first rectangle, the lower right corner of the first optotype is the second optotype, the lower right corner of the second optotype is the third optotype, and the lower left corner of the third optotype is the fourth.
  • the fifth optotype is located at the lower right corner of the fourth optotype and the lower left corner of the third optotype.
  • the margin between each optotype and the edge of the first rectangle is not less than the width of the first type of optotype Half, the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype.
  • the first optotype is placed in the upper right corner of the first rectangle.
  • Below the first optotype is the second optotype.
  • the third optotype is located to the right below the two optotypes, the fourth optotype is below the left of the second optotype, and the fifth optotype is located at the lower left corner of the third optotype.
  • Each optotype is connected to the third
  • the blank distance between the edges of the rectangle is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype, and the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype. 4 types, any two adjacent optotypes have different directions.
  • Embodiment 20 see FIG. 20, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and 4 lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different
  • the position of the 4 E-type optotype graphics including two small E-type optotype graphics of the same size and two large E-type optotype graphics of the same size
  • the size of the small E-type optotype graphics is not larger than the first
  • the size of the large E-type visual standard is not less than 1.5 times that of the second visual standard.
  • the perspective view is the same as in Example 19. Specifically, grid lines are set on the second rectangle, and some of the grid lines are filled with colors.
  • the first type of optotype is placed on the third rectangle, from top to bottom, among the five optotypes, the first The mark is placed in the upper left corner of the first rectangle, the lower right corner of the first optotype is the second optotype, the lower right corner of the second optotype is the third optotype, and the lower left corner of the third optotype is the fourth.
  • the fifth optotype is located at the lower right corner of the fourth optotype and the lower left corner of the third optotype.
  • the small-sized first E-type optotype is located on the right side of the first optotype and the second optotype on the upper right Angle
  • the smaller size of the second E-type optotype graphics is placed in the blank grid of the second rectangle
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the graphics is not Less than half of the width of the first type of optotype
  • the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype
  • there are 4 types of optotype directions any two adjacent ones The directions of the optotypes are different; the second type of optotype is placed on the first rectangle, from top to bottom.
  • the first optotype is placed in the upper middle of the first rectangle, and the first optotype is lower
  • the second optotype is on the left
  • the third optotype is to the right below the second optotype
  • the fourth optotype is below the second optotype
  • the fifth optotype is located at the bottom left of the third optotype Corner and the lower left corner of the 4th optotype.
  • the first E-optotype with a larger size is located at the lower right corner of the first optotype and the upper right corner of the third optotype.
  • the second E-optotype with a larger size is located at In the lower left corner of the fourth optotype, the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the graphics (including the third rectangle and the E-type optotype graphics) is not less than half the width of the second optotype, two adjacent to each other The blank distance between optotypes is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype.
  • Embodiment 21 see Figure 21, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which the heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes two optotypes of different sizes, a perspective view that affects the visual depth of the optotypes of different sizes, and 10 lines
  • the first type of optotype includes 5 small-sized optotypes
  • the second type of optotype includes 5 large-sized optotypes
  • the first type of optotype and the second type of optotype are placed in different
  • the position of the 10 E-type optotype graphics includes 5 small E-type optotype graphics of the same size and 5 large E-type optotype graphics of the same size.
  • the size of the small E-type optotype graphics is not larger than the first
  • the size of the large E-type visual standard is not less than 1.5 times that of the second visual standard.
  • the perspective view is the same as in Example 19. Specifically, grid lines are set on the second rectangle, and some of the grid lines are filled with colors.
  • the first type of optotype is placed on the third rectangle, from top to bottom, among the five optotypes, the first The mark is placed in the upper left corner of the first rectangle, the lower right corner of the first optotype is the second optotype, the lower right corner of the second optotype is the third optotype, and the lower left corner of the third optotype is the fourth.
  • the fifth optotype is located at the lower right corner of the fourth optotype and the lower left corner of the third optotype.
  • the small-sized first E-type optotype is located on the right side of the first optotype and the second optotype on the upper right.
  • the second and third E-optotype graphics with small size are placed in the blank grid of the second rectangle.
  • the fourth E-optotype graphics with small size is located at the lower left corner of the fourth optotype with small size.
  • the fifth E-type visual mark graphic of is located on the lower side of the third rectangle, and the blank distance between each visual mark and the edge of the graphic (including the third rectangle and the E-type visual mark graphic) is not less than a first type visual mark Half of the width, the blank distance between two adjacent optotypes is not less than half of the width of the first type of optotype, there are 4 types of optotype directions, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions; second The two optotypes are placed on the first rectangle, from top to bottom, among the five optotypes, the first optotype is placed in the middle and upper part of the first rectangle, and the second optotype is placed below and to the left of the first optotype.
  • the third optotype is to the right, and the second optotype is the fourth optotype below the left.
  • the fifth optotype is located at the lower right corner of the third optotype and the fourth optotype.
  • the large-sized first E-shaped optotype graphic is located at the lower right corner of the first optotype and the second optotype at the upper right corner, and the large-sized second E-shaped optotype graphic is located at the lower left corner of the fourth optotype
  • the third E-type optotype graphics with large size is located on the right side of the first rectangle, the fourth E-type optotype graphics with large size is located at the upper right corner of the first rectangle, and the fifth E-type optotype graphics with large size is located at the upper right corner of the first rectangle.
  • the blank distance between each optotype and the edge of the graphics is not less than half of the width of the second optotype, two adjacent to each other
  • the blank distance between optotypes is not less than half of the width of a second type of optotype.
  • Grid lines are set on the second rectangle, and some of the grid lines are filled with color.
  • Embodiment 22 see FIG. 22, a single vision chart, in which the single vision chart includes 5 optotypes of the same size, and the 5 optotypes are arranged in a square shape, of which 4 optotypes are located in four of the squares At the corner, one optotype is located at the center of the square, the blank distance between any two adjacent optotypes is more than half of the width of the optotype, and any two adjacent optotypes have different directions in the vertical direction , Any two adjacent optotypes in the horizontal direction have different directions.
  • the number of optotypes in the single eye chart may also be 7, 9, or more.
  • all the optotypes in the single eye chart may be arranged in a row, or arranged in a column, or arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns, or arranged randomly.
  • Example 23 refer to Figure 23, a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which is formulated according to the national standard of GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which is the standard logarithmic distance visual acuity chart (Appendix A). All adjusted to 5 optotypes.
  • the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart includes 14 rows of optotypes arranged in size from top to bottom, and recorded according to 5 points.
  • the visual acuities of the 14 types of optotypes are 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, the line spacing is 24mm, the blank distance between any two adjacent optotypes in each line only needs to be more than half the width of the optotypes, as shown in Figure 5.
  • Half of the width of the target in order to unify the standard for the recognition of each kind of target in the process of visual acuity, the number of each kind of target is the same. In addition to 5 optotypes in each row, the number of optotypes in each row can also vary from 7, 9 or more.
  • Embodiment 24 referring to Fig. 24, a vision inspection device comprising an eye chart, a first supporting device 1 and a distance measuring device 2, the eye chart being detachably mounted on the supporting plate 11 of the first supporting device, so
  • the distance measuring device 2 is used to measure the distance between the examinee and the visual acuity chart to be tested, and the visual acuity chart includes the heterogeneous visual acuity chart described in any one of the above embodiments 1-21 and the one described in embodiment 23.
  • a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the visual acuity chart to be tested is the visual acuity chart.
  • the inspected person is away from or close to the first supporting device, and the inspection distance between the inspected person and the eye chart is changed.
  • the eye chart further includes the single eye chart described in example 22
  • the above-mentioned vision inspection device further includes a moving device for realizing the relative movement between the eye chart to be tested and the examinee.
  • the first supporting device includes a bottom first support 12 and a support plate 11 installed on the first bracket 12, and the moving device is a wheel 13 fixed on the bottom of the first bracket 12.
  • the distance measuring device is a ruler set on the ground, and the ruler is placed between the first supporting device and the person being inspected.
  • the first supporting device is moved along the scale, and after the first supporting device stops moving, the test distance corresponding to the inspection target is obtained.
  • the distance measuring device is a sliding rail with a ruler
  • the sliding rail is placed between the first supporting device and the person to be inspected
  • the wheels are slidingly matched with the sliding rail.
  • any other device capable of realizing the above distance measurement can be used as the distance measuring device of this embodiment.
  • the size of the optotype with a small size is 0.8 times the size of the optotype with a large size.
  • the number of each type of optotype in various eye charts can be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, which can be set according to actual conditions. .
  • At least one lighting lamp is provided at the four corners of the support plate 11, and any two adjacent lighting lamps are symmetrically arranged.
  • the above-mentioned vision inspection device further includes an eye chart installation and adjustment device
  • the eye chart installation and adjustment device includes a first magnet and a second magnet that are mutually attracted, and the first magnet is fixedly installed at the On the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the single visual acuity chart, the second magnet is installed on the supporting plate 11 of the first supporting device.
  • the heterogeneous eye chart, the standard logarithmic eye chart and the single eye chart are automatically installed on the support plate of the first support device.
  • the first magnet is fixedly installed At least one first magnet is installed on the back of various visual acuity charts, and the four corners are all equipped with at least one first magnet.
  • the first magnet can be ring, bar, square, triangle, etc., and can be regular or irregular. , According to the size of the eye chart depends on the specific situation.
  • the number of the second magnets is the same as the number of the first magnets, and their shape is the same or similar to that of the first magnets, and their installation positions correspond to the first magnets one-to-one.
  • the second magnet is embedded in the supporting plate of the first supporting device, so that the upper surface of the second magnet and the surface of the supporting plate are on the same level.
  • the color of the support plate is also the same as the background color of the eye chart.
  • the inspection steps are:
  • the number of inspections with heterogeneous visual acuity charts and single visual acuity charts ⁇ 1 according to the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts, single visual acuity charts, heterogeneous visual acuity charts and single visual acuity
  • the visual acuity difference between the different charts, between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and between the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart determines whether the visual acuity of the examinee is true visual acuity.
  • the specific judgment method is:
  • visual acuity is within 1 standard visual acuity line, that is: visual acuity ⁇ 1 standard visual acuity line, the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is true visual acuity;
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test shows that the small visual standard can be correctly recognized but the large visual standard cannot be correctly recognized, or there is a contradiction between the visual acuity that cannot be reasonably explained, it may be subjective If you do not cooperate, the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic eye chart may be false.
  • the distance visual acuity chart (Appendix A) in the national standard of GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart can also be used instead of the above standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.
  • the above-mentioned standard logarithmic eye chart In order to unify the standard of identification of each visual standard in the process of visual acuity, it can be preferred The above-mentioned standard logarithmic eye chart.
  • the number of optotypes in the single eye chart and the standard logarithmic eye chart used for the same subject is the same.
  • the vision inspection device of this embodiment adopts different visual acuity charts to alternately change the test when performing visual acuity inspections.
  • the inspection distance between the subject and the visual acuity chart to be tested is changed.
  • Embodiment 25 referring to Figure 25, a vision inspection device comprising an eye chart, a first supporting device 1, a distance measuring device 2, a second supporting device 7 and a mirror 8, the first supporting device 1 being placed on the first supporting device 1 Opposite the two supporting devices 7, the eye chart can be detachably installed on the first supporting device 1, and the mirror is installed on the second supporting device 7, so that the mirror and the eye chart are arranged oppositely, so
  • the visual acuity chart includes the heterogeneous visual acuity chart described in any one of the above embodiments 1-21 and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart described in Example 23.
  • the distance measuring device is used to measure the difference between the tested person and the visual acuity chart to be tested.
  • the visual acuity chart to be tested is the imaging of the visual acuity chart in the mirror.
  • the second support device is located in front of the tested person, and the first support device is located behind the tested person.
  • the tested person moves between the first support device and the second support device to change The inspection distance between the person being inspected and the eye chart to be tested.
  • the visual acuity chart further includes the single visual acuity chart described in Example 19.
  • the first support device includes a bottom first support 12 and a support plate 11 mounted on the first support 12.
  • the bottom of the first support 12 is provided with wheels 13;
  • the second support device is The second bracket, the mirror is located on the top of the second bracket.
  • the vision inspection device of this embodiment further includes a mobile device, which is used to realize the movement of the person under inspection relative to the eye chart to be tested.
  • the moving device is a wheel 13 fixed at the bottom of the first support 12; or a wheel fixed at the bottom of the second support.
  • the above-mentioned vision inspection device further includes a device for installing and adjusting the eye chart, and the structure of the device for installing and adjusting the eye chart is the same as that of Embodiment 21, and will not be repeated here.
  • the distance measuring device is a ruler set on the ground, and the ruler is placed between the first support device and the second support device.
  • the first supporting device is moved along the ruler to change the distance between the examinee and the eye chart to be tested.
  • the first supporting device stops moving, obtain the corresponding inspection mark Test distance;
  • the wheel is fixed at the bottom of the second support device, move the second support device along the ruler to change the distance between the tested person and the eye chart to be tested.
  • the second support device stops moving obtain the test vision Mark the corresponding test distance.
  • the visual acuity chart to be tested is the imaging of the visual acuity chart in a mirror.
  • the addition of the mirror can interfere with the perception of the distance of the tested person and increase the accuracy of detection.
  • the first supporting device or the second supporting device is moved simultaneously with the tested person, it can interfere with the tested person's judgment of the distance, thereby increasing the accuracy of the actual measurement.
  • the distance measuring device is a slide rail with a ruler
  • the ruler is placed between the first support device and the second support device, and the wheel is in sliding fit with the slide rail. Change the distance between the inspected person and the visual acuity chart to be tested, and obtain the test distance corresponding to the inspection target.
  • a vision inspection device includes a first support device, a control unit 3, an eye chart display screen 4 and a vision result display screen 5 connected to the control unit 3, and
  • the displacement sensor 6 connected to the control unit 3, the visual acuity chart display screen 4 and the displacement sensor 6 are both installed on the first supporting device, and the control unit 3 is provided with a data storage module 31 and an eye chart selection module 32
  • the eye chart selection module 32, the heterogeneous eye chart generating module 42, and the standard eye chart generating module 34 are respectively connected to the data storage module 31.
  • the vision inspection device further includes a single vision chart generating module 33 for generating the single vision chart in Embodiment 22, and the single vision chart generating module 33 is connected to the data storage module 31.
  • the single eye chart generating module 33, the heterogeneous eye chart generating module 42, and the standard eye chart generating module 34 respectively deliver the generated single eye chart, heterogeneous eye chart and standard logarithmic eye chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, and the eye chart selection
  • the module 32 selects the eye chart from the data storage module 31, and sends the selected eye chart to the eye chart display screen 4 for display.
  • the examiner performs the eye test on the subject according to the eye chart displayed on the eye chart display screen 4.
  • the vision test result is input into the data storage module 31, and the data storage module 31 stores the visual target vision of the tested person in real time.
  • the displacement sensor 6 sends the distance between the tested person and the first support device 12 during the vision test to the data storage module 31 for storage
  • the vision calculation module 35 calculates the vision based on the distance during the inspection and the visual acuity of the target, and sends the calculated vision to the data storage module 31 for storage
  • the data storage module 31 sends the tested vision to the vision result display screen 5 display.
  • the vision inspection device further includes a smart mobile device, an optotype indicating module 39, and an optotype recognizer 9.
  • the smart mobile device includes a wheel 13 at the bottom of the first support device, which is connected to the wheel 13
  • the driving motor and the brakes on the wheels are respectively connected to the driving module 40 in the control unit.
  • the visual mark indicating module 39 is used to indicate the visual mark to be recognized by the examinee, and the visual mark identification
  • the device 9 is used to confirm the start of recognizing the visual mark and input the recognition result of the visual mark to be recognized.
  • the driving module 40, the visual mark indicating module 39 and the visual mark recognizer 9 are all connected to the data storage module 31.
  • the driving module 40 operates according to the eye chart selected by the eye chart selection module 32 to drive the motor to drive the first support device 12 to move to a position that needs to be detected. Specifically, for the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, move the first supporting device 12 to the set inspection distance (for the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart in Example 23, the inspection between the eye node of the subject and the visual acuity chart The distance is 5m); for a single eye chart, move the first support device 12 from far to near to the examinee; for a heterogeneous eye chart, move the first support device 12 to the examinee from far to near or from far to near.
  • the optotype recognizer 9 confirms the start of the recognition, and the data storage 31 acquires and stores the distance of the examinee from the single or heterogeneous eye chart when the recognition starts.
  • the instruction module 39 instructs the optotypes in the eye chart to be recognized by the examinee.
  • the examinee enters the direction of the optotype (up, down, left, right) or unclear identification results in the optotype recognizer, and the above identification results are sent
  • the vision calculation module 35 first obtains the optotype vision indicated by the optotype indicating module 39 from the data storage module 31, and then confirms whether the examinee can recognize more than half of the optotypes according to the recognition result.
  • the data storage module 31 stores the tested visual acuity (including the visual acuity through the single-eye chart, The heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the visual acuity detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart) are sent to the visual acuity result display screen 5 for display.
  • control unit further includes a camouflage vision determination module 41, which is connected to the data storage module 31, and obtains the vision detected by the single vision chart from the data storage module 31
  • the vision of the subject is tested by alternately testing the single eye chart and the heterogeneous eye chart.
  • the accuracy of the test is higher, and the subject is less likely to disguise vision, which can effectively detect the disguise High vision and disguised low vision.
  • control unit 3 also includes an optotype size setting module 36 for setting the size of the optotype.
  • the optotype size setting module 36 is respectively compatible with the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module 42, and the single vision chart.
  • the generating module 33 and the standard eye chart generating module 34 are connected.
  • the size of the optotype is set through the optotype size setting module, and the size of the set optotype is sent to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module 42, the single visual acuity chart generating module 33 and the standard visual acuity chart generating module 34, and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module Module 42, single eye chart generating module 33 and standard eye chart generating module 34 generate an eye chart according to the obtained optotype size, and send the generated eye chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, and the optotype in the generated eye chart Same as the size of the set optotype.
  • control unit 3 further includes an optotype direction setting module 37 for setting the direction of the optotype.
  • the optotype direction setting module 37 is respectively connected to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module 42, single The eye chart generating module 33 and the standard eye chart generating module 34 are connected.
  • the visual acuity chart generating module 33 and the standard visual acuity chart generating module 34 generate the visual acuity chart according to the obtained visual target direction, and send the generated visual acuity chart to the data storage module 31 for storage.
  • the visual target direction and settings in the generated visual acuity chart The direction of the target is the same.
  • the control unit 3 further includes an optotype arrangement setting module 38 for distributing and arranging the positions of the optotypes, the optotype arrangement setting module 38 and the heterogeneous eye chart generating module respectively 42.
  • the single eye chart generating module 33 and the standard eye chart generating module 34 are connected. Set the arrangement position of the optotype through the optotype arrangement setting module 38, and send it to the heterogeneous eye chart generation module 42, the single eye chart generation module 33, and the standard eye chart generation module 34.
  • the heterogeneous eye chart generation module Module 42, single eye chart generating module 33 and standard eye chart generating module 34 generate an eye chart according to the obtained optotype arrangement position, and send the generated eye chart to the data storage module 31 for storage.
  • the arrangement position of the optotype is the same as the set position of the optotype.
  • the first supporting device includes a first bracket 12 and wheels 13 arranged at the bottom of the first bracket 12.
  • the eye chart display 4 is installed on the top of the first bracket 12, and the displacement sensor 6 is installed on the lower part of the first bracket 12.
  • the number of optotypes in various visual acuity charts may vary from 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, which can be specifically set according to actual conditions.
  • the vision inspection device of this embodiment adopts different visual acuity charts to alternately transform the test.
  • the inspection distance between the tested person and the visual acuity chart is changed to obtain the testee’s
  • the best visual acuity that is, the best visual acuity is the best visual acuity when the visual standard of a certain size is at the farthest inspection distance or the smallest visual standard at a certain inspection distance
  • the difference in visual acuity between the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart tests whether the visual acuity is true visual acuity, which can effectively detect disguised vision and overcome disguised high vision.
  • Embodiment 24 The inspection steps are the same as in embodiment 24, and will not be repeated here.
  • the difference from Embodiment 24 is that in this embodiment, the direction of the optotype is automatically changed, the size of the optotype is automatically changed, and the arrangement position of the optotype is automatically changed.
  • Embodiment 27 A vision inspection method using any of the vision inspection devices described in the above embodiments, and the inspection steps are:
  • the number of inspections using heterogeneous visual acuity charts is ⁇ 1.
  • the visual acuity difference between the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts, the heterogeneous visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is judged to be
  • the specific method for determining is:
  • visual acuity is within 1 standard visual acuity line, that is: visual acuity ⁇ 1 standard visual acuity line, the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is true visual acuity;
  • the visual acuity of the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart test is False vision
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test shows that the first type of optotype can be correctly recognized but the second type of optotype cannot be correctly recognized, or there is a contradiction between the visual acuity that cannot be reasonably explained , It may not cooperate subjectively, and the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic eye chart may be false visual acuity.
  • step S1 the more the number of inspections in step S1, the higher the accuracy of the judgment, and the distance between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be tested and the person being inspected is constantly changing from near to far, which can also improve the accuracy of judgment.
  • Embodiment 28 A vision inspection method using any of the vision inspection devices described in the above embodiments, and the inspection steps are:
  • the number of inspections with heterogeneous visual acuity charts and single visual acuity charts ⁇ 1 according to the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts, single visual acuity charts, heterogeneous visual acuity charts and single visual acuity
  • the visual acuity difference between the different charts, between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and between the single visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart determines whether the visual acuity of the examinee is true visual acuity.
  • the specific judgment method is:
  • visual acuity is within 1 standard visual acuity line, that is: visual acuity ⁇ 1 standard visual acuity line, the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is true visual acuity;
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test shows that the first type of optotype can be correctly recognized but the second type of optotype cannot be correctly recognized, or there is a contradiction between the visual acuity that cannot be reasonably explained , It may not cooperate subjectively, and the visual acuity tested by the standard logarithmic eye chart may be false visual acuity.
  • steps S1, S2, and S3 can be interchanged with each other, and step S1 and step S2 can be interchanged, namely: S1, perform vision inspection through the single eye chart, so that the single eye chart is moved from far to near relative to the person being inspected , Change the inspection distance between the examinee and the single eye chart to be tested, to the farthest distance at which the examinee can correctly identify more than half of the visual targets, calculate and record the inspected visual acuity; S2, perform visual inspection through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, Make the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be tested move from near to far or from far to near relative to the tested person, change the inspection distance between the tested person and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be tested, until any one group of visual targets is correctly recognized by the tested person If less than half is reached, record the number of correctly identified two types of optotypes in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, calculate and record the visual acuity tested.
  • Step S1 and step S3 can also be interchanged, that is: S1, perform a standard visual acuity test through the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, perform the test at the distance between the examinee and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart to be tested, and record the visual acuity of the test; S3.
  • Step S2 and step S3 can also be interchanged, that is: S2, a standard visual acuity test is carried out through the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, the test is performed at the distance between the examinee and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart to be tested, and the visual acuity of the test is recorded; S3. Perform vision inspection through the single-eye chart, so that the single-eye chart is moved from far to nearer relative to the person being inspected, and the inspection distance between the person being tested and the single-eye chart is changed until the person being inspected can correctly identify more than half of the visual targets. At a long distance, calculate and record the visual acuity tested. As long as the adjacent steps do not use the same type of eye chart for inspection, the order of different types of eye charts can be interchanged, and I will not repeat them here.
  • the distance for the vision test is 2-7 meters
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart moves from 2 meters to 7 meters or from 7 meters to 2 meters
  • the single visual acuity chart moves from 7 meters to 2 meters. mobile.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart moves from near to far or from far to near, which has a better effect on the confusion of two different optotypes, can make the examinee make wrong judgments, prevent the examinee from disguising, and improve the accuracy of inspection.
  • the single-eye chart moves from far to near, which can effectively prevent the examinee from memorizing the optotype and orderly disguise, and improve the accuracy of inspection.
  • the direction of the optotype in each eye chart is changed manually or automatically, so that the direction of the optotype in each eye chart is different for each visual inspection.
  • the examinee is prevented from memorizing the arrangement order of the optotype to disguise vision, and the accuracy of the vision is further improved.
  • the difference in the size of the visual target during each inspection exceeds 1 standard visual acuity line, and the visual acuity charts used in the two adjacent visual inspections are different. Different visual acuity charts are used for inspection and the difference in the size of the visual target is more than 1 standard visual acuity line.
  • the time interval for each test is at least 5 minutes.
  • the person being inspected is soundproofed and shaded and closed his eyes to rest.
  • the use of time intervals allows the examinee to close their eyes and rest to reduce the short-term memory of the optotype and the inspection distance, prevent the examinee's influence on the short-term memory of the optotype and the inspection distance, and further improve the accuracy of the inspection vision.
  • single visual acuity chart, heterogeneous visual acuity chart and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart shall be tested at least once during visual inspection.
  • the actual situation of the examiner chooses the number of inspections and the number of times that various eye charts are used.
  • single visual acuity chart, heterogeneous visual acuity chart and standard logarithmic visual acuity chart are inspected once, and the visual acuity inspection is carried out in the order of heterogeneous visual acuity chart inspection-single visual acuity chart inspection-standard logarithmic visual acuity chart inspection. All kinds of visual acuity charts are inspected once. Compared with the existing inspection methods, the accuracy of the inspection is higher. However, compared with the multiple inspections using various visual acuity charts with the method of the present invention, only one inspection is used. The correct rate is the lowest.
  • Visual acuity visual target visual acuity ⁇ inspection distance/5
  • the single vision chart is a single vision chart composed of 5 optotypes as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the heterogeneous visual acuity chart uses two types of optotypes with different sizes as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 9.
  • the size of the first type of optotype is 0.8 times that of the second type of optotype.
  • Each type of optotype is composed of 5 optotypes. Construct an eye chart.
  • ⁇ is a mathematical symbol, the number of radians of 1', and its value is 2.90888 ⁇ 10 -4 rad.
  • the first examiner examines the real vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic eye chart, and records the vision 1.
  • the examinee chooses to disguise eyesight or not to disguise eyesight. When disguising eyesight, the examinee must reduce or improve eyesight at least 2 lines with real eyesight, and the inspection can be repeated as a successful disguise.
  • the first inspector inspects the true or disguised eyesight of the inspected person according to the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and records eyesight 2; if he chooses to disguise eyesight, the inspected person is also told to change the inspector, and during the second inspector’s inspection period , The inspected person should maintain disguised vision. If the inspected person does not cooperate, the disguise has failed.
  • Disguise eyesight help The standard logarithmic eye chart used in the reduction experiment is posted and placed in front of the examinee.
  • the second examiner conducts visual acuity inspection on the subject through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, and moves the heterogeneous visual acuity chart from 2 meters to 7 meters to any one of the visual targets.
  • the examinee can not correctly recognize up to 3, and correctly recognize the other type of optotype up to more than 3, respectively record the number of correctly recognized two types of optotype, calculate vision and record vision3.
  • the second examiner independently makes a judgment on the authenticity of vision 6, and the specific judgment method is as follows: if the 4 inspections performed in steps S3, S4, S5, and S6, vision 3, vision 4, vision 5, and vision 6 are obtained If the maximum visual acuity difference between is within 1 standard visual acuity line (ie ⁇ 1 standard visual acuity line), then visual acuity 6 is true visual acuity; if the visual acuity difference reaches 2 standard visual acuity lines or more (ie ⁇ 2 standard visual acuity line) or because of failure If the test cannot be completed with cooperation, it is because the test does not cooperate and the visual acuity 6 is false; if the visual acuity difference of visual acuity 3, visual acuity 4, visual acuity 5 and visual acuity 6 obtained by 4 visual inspections is still less than 2 standard visual acuity lines (ie ⁇ 2 standard visual acuity lines ), but the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test can correctly
  • 32 is 5,5.2 meters, which can correctly identify more than three 0.4 and 0.445 optotypes, but in 5.5 M is unable to correctly identify 0.4 and 0.445 optotypes, visual acuity performance is 0.416 and 0.463 and ⁇ 0.439 and ⁇ 0.490. A total of 38 cases of abnormal identification were identified between the two, and the occurrence rate of those with low vision pretending was 38/70, 54.3%.
  • the total visual acuity of No. 5 subject is less than 1 standard visual acuity.
  • the contradictory result of visual acuity test is: visual acuity 3 denies recognizable 0.198, which is inconsistent with visual acuity 5 and visual acuity 6.
  • the subject No. 5 is a female, 22 years old, a fourth-year university student with 300-degree myopia glasses, and the degree of astigmatism is unknown and uncorrected. According to the testee No.
  • the 0.2 visual standard is clear and the 0.25 visual standard is slightly blurred, and the 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 are more blurred, disguising low vision according to the degree of blur.
  • the experimental program was adjusted, and for the suspicious judgment of "unexplainable visual acuity test", one heterogeneous visual acuity chart or one single visual acuity chart test was added, so no suspicious conclusions appeared after the 50th.
  • volunteers 67, 71, and 77 participated in the experiment for the second time.
  • Volunteers 79, 80, and 81 participated in the experiment as the test subject, and they were not familiar with the test methods and procedures. affect the result.
  • the visual inspection of the subject through the above-mentioned visual inspection device of the present invention shows that the true visual acuity accuracy rate is over 95%, which can effectively detect subjective non-cooperation and disguised visual acuity, which is related to social security and personal injury. It is of great practical significance to provide evidence support for social issues such as insurance claims and prevent pretenders from obtaining improper benefits.
  • Visual acuity visual target visual acuity ⁇ inspection distance/5
  • the single vision chart is a single vision chart composed of 5 optotypes as shown in Figure 1.
  • ⁇ is a mathematical symbol, the number of radians of 1', and its value is 2.90888 ⁇ 10 -4 rad.
  • the first examiner examines the real vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic eye chart, and records the vision 1.
  • the examinee chooses to disguise eyesight or not to disguise eyesight. When choosing to disguise eyesight, the examinee must reduce or improve eyesight more than 2 lines with real eyesight. Repeated inspection is considered successful.
  • the first inspector inspects the true or disguised eyesight of the inspected person according to the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and records eyesight 2; if he chooses to disguise eyesight, the inspected person is also told to change the inspector, and during the second inspector’s inspection period , The inspected person should maintain disguised vision. If the inspected person does not cooperate, the disguise has failed.
  • Disguise eyesight help The standard logarithmic eye chart used in the reduction experiment is posted and placed in front of the examinee.
  • the second examiner independently makes a judgment on the visual acuity 4, and the specific judgment method is: if the visual acuity difference between the visual acuity 3 obtained in step S3 and the visual acuity 4 tested in step S4 reaches 2 standard visual acuity lines (ie poor visual acuity) ⁇ 2 standard visual acuity line) is the test does not cooperate, visual acuity 4 is false; record the judgment conclusion on visual acuity 4.
  • visual acuity 1 visual acuity 2 and visual acuity 5, evaluate the judgment conclusion on visual acuity 4.
  • the visual inspection is performed on the subject through the single eye chart, visual inspection device and method of the present invention, and the inspection shows that the discovery rate of camouflage vision is about 50%, and the discovery rate of camouflage high vision is 100%.
  • the discovery rate of camouflage low vision is about 44%. It can effectively detect subjective non-cooperation and camouflage vision, provide evidence support for social issues involving social security, personal injury insurance claims, etc., and prevent pretenders from gaining improper benefits. It has very important practical significance. .

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Abstract

一种异构视力表和视力检验方法和装置，异构视力表为由异构参照区和尺寸大小不同的至少2种视标组成的大小错视图，异构参照区能够导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判，视觉上认为某种较小视标不小于另外一种较大视标。视力检验方法和装置，分别通过对异构视力表和标准对数视力表检验的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力。将不同大小的视标与透视图构成的错视图作为视力表，通过造成视觉深度的错觉干扰对物体大小的判断，但又不影响真实视力的辨别，进而辨别伪装视力。

Description

一种异构视力表及视力检验方法和装置 技术领域
本发明属于视力检测技术领域，具体地说，涉及一种用于视力检验的异构视力表及视力检验方法和装置。
背景技术
视力是常用的人体功能状态指标之一，我国通常采用《GB 11533标准对数视力表》检验视力，但在视力检验过程中，主要存在的问题有：
(1)视力的检验结果依赖主观配合与主述，存在不真实的情况。通过常规的视力表进行检验，5米标准检验距离，能正确辨认一半以上的最小视标为视力，默认最好主述视力为被检验人真实视力。由于检验过程中高度依赖主观配合及主述，且视力表各种视力的视标方向和顺序均是固定的，主述不真实时，检验结果不能反映真实视力。例如，为了达到升学、当兵、工作等视力要求，检验时默记1行-2行较高视力的视标方向以伪装高视力。再如，在刑事判定中，受害人谎称只能辨认低视力的视标以伪装低视力，造成错误鉴定，而让受害人得到更多的赔偿或者加害人处罚加重。发明人在研究过程中发现通过改变视力表的结构、检验距离和变换视标大小与方向，能够有效防止被检验人熟记视标排列顺序而伪装高视力。由于知觉系统能够通过对视标大小以及视标距离的估算，伪装低视力，因而对伪装低视力者难以有效判断。伪装低视力仍是视力检验的重要疑难问题，即使发现视力降低无法解释、怀疑伪装，也会因缺乏根据而无法做出明确判断与结论，听任采用虚假结果。
(2)视力认定方法不一致，低视力检验误差较大。《GB 11533标准对数视力表》各行视力的视标为2-8个不等，按照“辨认正确的视标数超过视标总数一半”认定视力，实际认定时采用的视标个数并不统一。尤其是低视力的检验，低视力是视力功能重要状态之一，通常涉及社会保障、人身损害保险理赔等社会问题，然而，《GB 11533标准对数视力表》中低视力视标为2-4个，低视力检验误差较大。
发明内容
本发明针对现有视力检验过程中存在的视力检验结果真实性难以判断、低视力检验误差大等上述不足，提供了一种异构视力表、视力检验装置及检验方法和装置。通过将不同大小的视标与透视图构成的大小错视图作为视力表，改变视力表结构，对被检验人进行多次检验以得出被检验人的真实视力，能有效发现伪装视力，特别是伪装低视力。
视力是人们对外界物体大小的感知能力，既受到外部感官刺激的影响，也受到内部认知过程的影响。这些认知的过程受到以往的经验、记忆等因素的影响。被检验者在采用常规视力表进行视力检测时，主要根据对物体大小的这种特殊感知能力伪装视力。错视，是当人观察物体时，基于经验主义或不当的参照物形成的错误判断和感知。本申请将不同大小的视标与透视图构成的错视图作为视力表，通过造成视觉深度的错觉干扰对物体大小的判断，但又不影响真实视力的辨别，进而辨别伪装视力。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种异构视力表，所述异构视力表为由异构参照区和尺寸大小不同的至少2种视标组成的大小错视图，异构参照区能够导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判，视觉上认为某种较小视标不小于另外一种较大视标。
优选地，所述异构参照区为能够对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，将M个较大视标放在透视图中视觉上更近的位置，将N个较小种视标放置在透视图中视觉上更远的位置，M和N为≥1的正整数，通过造成对视觉深度的错觉，进而导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判。
优选地，所述对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图为大小恒常错视图中的背景部分，如，透视图为第一线条、第二线条和第三线条构成的网格图形，若干条第一线条沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第二线条在水平方向上与第一线条相交，若干条相互平行的第三线条在垂直方向上与第一线条相交。
优选地，所述异构参照区还包括能够使较小视标在视觉上更大，较大的视标在视觉上更小的错视图形，所述错视图形包括但不限于字母图形、数字图形、几何结构图形、锥形体等可以实现上述错视功能的图片。优选地，字母图形为与视标结构相同的视标图形。
优选地，所述异构参照区不同两组视标之间还设有色彩块，通过色彩块隔断相连两组视标，在视觉上形成分区。
当所述视标的数量为两种时，第1种视标包括若干个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括若干个尺寸大的视标，且第1种视标的大小是第2种视标大小的0.64-0.99倍，每种视标与其周围构成异构参照区的线条或者错视图形的留白距离为该种视标宽度的一半以上，相邻两种视标之间的留白距离为较大视标宽度的一半以上，每一种视标都含有四个方向的至少5个视标，且相邻两个视标的方向不同。具体地，异构参照区为与视标结构相同的第1种视标图形和第2种视标图形，第1种视标图形和第2种视标图形分别置于第1种视标和第2种视标周围，第1种视标图形尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，第2种视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍，通过产生艾宾浩斯错觉，使第1种视标视觉上看起来更大，使第2种视标视觉上看起来更小，进而对影响视标大小的正常判断。所述视标图形具体为E字视标 图形和C字视标图形，两者原理相同。所述锥型体在2种视标之间，锥型体的尖在第1种视标的附近，锥型体的底面在第2种视标的附近。
优选的，第1种视标的大小为第2种视标大小的0.79-0.81倍。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种视力检验方法，包括以下步骤：
通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由远至近或由近至远移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1组视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力；
通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力，
过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据检验的异构视力表之间、异构视力表和标准对数视力表之间的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力。视力的具体判定方法为：
定义标准对数视力表规定的1行为1标准视力行；
若上述视力差均在1标准视力行内，即：视力差≤1标准视力行，则标准对数视力表检验的视力为真实视力；
若上述视力差，有一个达到2标准视力行以上，即：视力差≥2标准视力行，或因被检验人不配合不能完成检验，则为检验不配合、标准对数视力表检验的视力为虚假视力；
若上述视力差尚达不到2标准视力行，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认第1种视标而不能正确辨认第2种视标，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能为主观不配合，标准对数视力表检验的视力可能为虚假视力。
进一步地，所述视力检验方法还包括通过单视力表进行视力检验，使待单视力表相对被检验人由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测单视力表之间的检验距离，至被检验人能够正确辨认一半以上视标的最远距离，计算并记录检验的视力，
所述单视力表为由相同大小的至少5个视标组成的平面图，所述视力表中，视标的方向有4种，任意相邻的2个视标之间的留白距离为视标宽度的一半以上，且垂直方向上任意相邻的2个视标方向不同，水平方向上任意相邻的2个视标方向不同；
过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表和单视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据检验的异构视力表之间、单视力表之间、异构视力表与单视力表之间、异构视力表与标准对数视力表之间、单视力表与标准对数视力表之间的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力，其具体判定方法为：
定义标准对数视力表规定的1行为1标准视力行；
若上述视力差均在1标准视力行内，即：视力差≤1标准视力行，则标准对数视力表检验的视力为真实视力；
若上述视力差中有一个达到2标准视力行以上，即：视力差≥2标准视力行，或因被检验人不配合不能完成检验，则为检验不配合、标准对数视力表检验的视力为虚假视力；
若上述视力差尚达不到2标准视力行，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认第1种视标而不能正确辨认第2种视标，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能为主观不配合，标准对数视力表检验的视力可能为虚假视力。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了本发明提供了一种视力检验装置，包括距离测量装置、视力表安装调节装置和视力表支撑装置，视力表安装调节装置固定在视力表支撑装置上,用于变换和显示不同的视力表，距离测量装置用于测量被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离，所述视力表或其在镜子中的成像为待测视力表，所述视力表包括异构视力表，标准对数视力表和单视力表。
进一步地，所述视力表支撑装置具体为第一支撑装置，所述视力表可拆卸安装于所述第一支撑装置的支撑板上，此时，待测视力表为视力表。
进一步地，所述视力表支撑装置具体为第一支撑装置，所述视力检验装置还包括第二支撑装置和镜子，所述视力表均可拆卸安装于所述第一支撑装置上，所述第一支撑装置放置于所述第二支撑装置的对面，所述镜子安装于所述第二支撑装置上，使镜子与所述异构视力表或标准对数视力表对立设置，此时，待测视力表为视力表在镜子中的成像。
进一步地，上述视力检验装置还包括移动装置，移动装置用于实现待测视力表与被检验者之间的相对运动。
进一步地，所述视力表安装调节装置包括相互吸引的第一磁体和第二磁体，所述第一磁体固定安装于所述异构视力表、所述标准对数视力表和所述单视力表上，所述第二磁体安装于所述第一支撑装置的支撑板上。
进一步地，所述视力表支撑装置具体为第一支撑装置，视力表安装调节装置包括控制单元、与所述控制单元相连的视力表显示屏和视力结果显示屏，所述视力表显示屏安装于所述第一支撑装置上，所述控制单元设有数据存储模块、视力表选择模块、用于生成上述异构视力表的异构视力表生成模块、用于生成标准对数视力表的标准视力表生成模块、用于生成上述单视力表的单视力表生成模块以及用于计算视力的视力计算模块，所述视力表计算模块、视力表选择模块、异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生产模块和标准视力表生成模块分别与所述数据存储模块连接。
所述距离测量装置为位移传感器，安装于第一支撑装置上的位移传感器与所述控制单元 连接。
进一步地，所述视力检验装置还包括智能移动装置、视标指示模块和视标辨认器，智能移动装置包括第一支撑装置底部的轮子、与轮子连接的驱动电机以及轮子上的刹车器，驱动电机和刹车器分别与控制单元中的驱动模块连接，所述视标指示模块用于指示被检验人待辨认的视标，所述视标辨认器用于确认开始辨认视标以及输入对待辨认视标辨认结果，驱动模块、视标指示模块和视标辨认器均与数据存储模块连接。
进一步地，所述控制单元还包括伪装视力判定模块，所述伪装视力判断模块与数据存储模块连接，从数据存储模块中获取通过单视力表检测的视力、异构视力表以及标准对数视力表检测的视力，然后将多次视力进行对比，判断视力是否虚假，并将判断结果发送至数据存储模块存储，同时将对被检验者的判断结果发送至视力结果显示屏显示。
进一步地，所述控制单元还包括用于设定视标大小的视标尺寸设定模块，所述视标尺寸设定模块分别与异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生成模块以及标准视力表生成模块连接。
进一步地，所述控制单元还包括用于设定视标方向的视标方向设定模块，所述视标方向设定模块分别与所述异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生成模块以及标准视力表生成模块连接。
进一步地，所述控制单元还包括用于对视标位置进行分布排列的视标排布设定模块，所述视标排列设定模块分别与所述异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生成模块以及标准视力表生成模块连接。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点和积极效果在于：
(1)本发明异构视力表，由至少2种不同大小的视标组成，视标为2种时，小视标的大小为大视标大小的0.64-0.99倍。当异构视力表与被检验人之间的检验距离为被检验人能正确辨认小视标的距离时，被检验人能同时正确辨认大视标。如果被检验人主述能正确辨认小视标而不能正确辨认大视标，该辨认异常提示该被检验人主述虚假，预警主观不配合、伪装视力。
(2)本发明异构视力表，为由异构参照区和尺寸大小不同的至少2种视标组成的大小错视图，异构视力表中包含至少2种尺寸大小不同的视标，当异构视力表与被检验人之间的检验距离为被检验人能辨认大视标的最远距离，尺寸小的视标已超出被检验人的视力而不能正确辨认，至少2种大小视标设计，提高了检验的正确率。
(3)本发明异构视力表，至少2种不同大小的视标通过设有多组由线条组成的图形的异构参照区，使尺寸小的视标显示的视觉大小不小于尺寸大的视标显示的视觉大小，在检验时，至少2种不同大小的视标容易被被检验人混淆，能够使被检验人发生视标大小错误判断，使被检验人不能伪装，提高检验正确率。此外，异构视力表检验时还会出现另外一种辨认异常， 即在同一张异构视力表的同一次检验中，两个检验距离的视力结果不能合理解释。如2.48米可正确辨认0.8和0.888视标而2.68米不能辨认0.8和0.888视标，视力为0.40和0.436且视力<0.429和<0.472。可以看清0.436与不能看清0.429不能合理解释，则提示主观配合欠佳。
(4)本发明视力检验装置采用异构视力表和标准对数视力表两种不同的视力表进行视力检验，由于异构视力表采用的至少2种视标容易被被检验人混淆，能够使被检验人发生视标大小错误判断，使被检验人不能伪装，提高检验正确率，因此将通过异构视力表与标准对数视力表检验的视力差判断标准对数视力表检验的视力是否为真实视力，能够有效发现伪装视力并克服伪装高视力。
(5)本发明视力检验装置还设有单视力表，单视力表与异构视力表和标准对数视力表共同使用进行视力检验，并多次重复检验，检验结果更准确。
(6)本发明视力检验装置，设有移动支撑装置和视标尺寸设定模块，通过移动支撑装置改变视力表与被检验人之间的距离，通过视标尺寸设定模块设定视标的大小，检验视力时，每次检验使用的视标大小和检验距离不同，并多次重复检验，检验结果更准确。例如，某被检验人小数视力0.25，检验其最好主述视力有：4.4米距离辨认0.3视标，5米辨认0.27视标，6.3米辨认0.2视标等等。
(7)本发明视力检验装置及检验方法，检验的真实视力即视力最小视角。采用多样化检验，缺乏可背诵的视力表结构，伪装高视力者只能依靠真实视力来辨认最小视力视标，无法伪装高视力。
(8)由于伪装低视力者通过选择最好视力以下的某一较低视力作为最好主述视力，实际可辨认视标高于最好主述视力，多次检验时，需依据标准对数视力表视力表结构来保持其选择的低视力。本发明视力检验装置及检验方法，因视力表结构不同，且视标的大小和方向在发生变化，视力表的检验距离也在发生变化，伪装低视力者失去视力检验结果判断依据，无法在视力表、视标和距离变化中始终保持相同的虚假较低主述视力，出现最好主述视力时好时坏的现象，确证被检验人主观不配合、伪装视力。尤其在采用异构视力表检验时，伪装低视力者往往选择看起来较大的视标，常常表现为“可辨认小视标而不能辨认大视标”的难以合理解释的矛盾，本发明检验视力的方法能够预警可能伪装低视力。
(9)由于视力检验高度依赖被检验人主观配合，如果出现不主动注视或不辨识视标等情况，则无法检验获得其真实视力。如果多次检验最好主述视力显著不同，违背视力可重复验证原理，可依此做出主观不配合判断。本发明视力检验装置及检验方法利用上述主观不配合判断结论进行主观不配合判断，符合视力检验规律，科学可靠，完善了视力检验结论的种类， 能够有效防止伪装视力者获得不当利益，具有积极而重要的现实意义。
(10)利用本发明视力检验装置及检验方法，进行视力检验时，还可以综合运用多种预防措施防止被检验人伪装视力，例如：检验间隔闭目休息，消减对视标和距离的短暂记忆；随机使用视标方向不同的视力表，预防熟记视标排列顺序等等。
(11)本发明视力检验装置及检验方法，在进行视力检验时，每次检验使用不同视力表、不同大小的视标并且由近至远或由远至近改变检验距离，或5米标准检验距离，多样化多次检验最好主述视力，检验结果依赖真实最好视力，主观不配合者不给予视力检验结论，视力结论真实可靠。
附图说明
图1-图21分别为本发明实施例1-21所述的异构视力表结构示意图。
图22为本发明实施例22所述的单视力表结构示意图。
图23为本发明实施例23所述的标准对数视力表的结构简图。
图24为本发明实施例24所述的视力检验装置的结构简图。
图25为本发明实施例25所述的视力检验装置的结构简图。
图26为本发明实施例26所述的视力检验装置的结构简图。
图27为本发明实施例27所述的视力检验装置中的控制单元结构简图。
具体实施方式
下面，通过示例性的实施方式对本发明进行具体描述。然而应当理解，在没有进一步叙述的情况下，一个实施方式中的元件、结构和特征也可以有益地结合到其他实施方式中。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本发明提供了一种异构视力表，所述异构视力表为由异构参照区和尺寸大小不同的至少2种视标组成的大小错视图，异构参照区能够导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判，视觉上认为某种较小视标不小于另外一种较大视标。
优选地，所述异构参照区为能够对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，将M个较大视标放在透视图中视觉上更近的位置，将N个较小种视标放置在透视图中视觉上更远的位 置，M和N为≥1的正整数，通过造成对视觉深度的错觉，进而导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判。
优选地，所述对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图为大小恒常错视图中的背景部分，如，透视图为第一线条、第二线条和第三线条构成的网格图形，若干条第一线条沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第二线条在水平方向上与第一线条相交，若干条相互平行的第三线条在垂直方向上与第一线条相交。
优选地，所述异构参照区还包括能够使较小视标在视觉上更大，较大的视标在视觉上更小的错视图形，所述错视图形包括但不限于字母图形、数字图形、几何结构图形、锥形体等可以实现上述错视功能的图片。优选地，字母图形为与视标结构相同的视标图形。
优选地，所述异构参照区不同两组视标之间还设有色彩块，通过色彩块隔断相连两组视标，在视觉上形成分区。
当所述视标的数量为两种时，第1种视标包括若干个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括若干个尺寸大的视标，且第1种视标的大小是第2种视标大小的0.64-0.99倍，每种视标与其周围构成异构参照区的线条或者错视图形的留白距离为该种视标宽度的一半以上，相邻两种视标之间的留白距离为较大视标宽度的一半以上，每一种视标都含有四个方向的至少5个视标，且相邻两个视标的方向不同。具体地，异构参照区包括与视标结构相同的第1种视标图形和第2种视标图形，第1种视标图形和第2种视标图形分别置于第1种视标和第2种视标周围，第1种视标图形尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，第2种视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍，通过产生艾宾浩斯错觉，使第1种视标视觉上看起来更大，使第2种视标视觉上看起来更小，进而对影响视标大小的正常判断。所述视标图形具体为E字视标图形和C字视标图形，两者原理相同。所述锥型体在2种视标之间，锥型体的尖在第1种视标的附近，锥型体的底面在第2种视标的附近。
优选的，第1种视标的大小为第2种视标大小的0.79-0.81倍。
实施例1：参见图1，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标和对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图包括第一线条A、第二线条B和第三线条C，若干条第一线条A沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第二线条B在水平方向上与第一线条A相交构成的网格图形形成一水平面，若干条相互平行的第三线条C在垂直方向上与第一线条A相交构成的若干个由大到小的依次排列的网格图形形成垂直面，水平面中的第二线条B与垂直面中第三线条C下端相连，将水平面与垂直面连接，构成一个立体空间。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1种视标，5 个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右下侧的第3个网格图形中，第4、5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧网格图形与第3个视标所在网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第4个视标所在网格图形右上侧的第1个网格图形与第3个视标所在网格图形的左侧第1个网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例2：参见图2，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图结构与实施例1相同。2个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右下侧的第3个网格图形中，第4、5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧网格图形与第3个网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧的网格图形中，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第4个视标所在网格图形左下侧的网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第3个视标所在网格图形左侧的网格图形与第4个视标所在网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种 视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例3：参见图3，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和4个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括4个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括1个第2种视标和4个第1种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。4个E字视标图形中，包括2个大小相同的小E字视标图形和2个大小相同的大E字视标图形，小E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，大E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例1相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第1种视标，第5个视标为第2种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形在第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧的网格图形中，第3个视标在尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形所在网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸小的第2个E字视标图形在第3个视标所在网格图形右下侧的第2个网格图形中，第4、5个视标在尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形所在网格图形与尺寸小的第2个E字视标图形所在网格图形的右上侧第1个网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，且第5个视标位于第4个视标的左下侧，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第1种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻的第1种视标和第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的2个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第2种视标，第5个视标为第1种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右上侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的第1个E字视标图形在第3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的第2个E字视标图形在第4个视标所在网格图形与第5个视标所在网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例4：参见图4，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视 标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图以及一个由线条组成的锥型体，所述锥型体为彩色，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图结构与实施例1相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形、第3个视标所在网格图形以及第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一网格图形中，第3、4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第3、4个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形和在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右上侧第1个网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。锥型体在2种视标之间，锥型体的尖在第1种视标的附近，锥型体的底面在第2种视标的附近。
实施例5：参见图5，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图、2个由线条组成的E字视标图形以及一个由线条组成的锥型体，所述锥型体为彩色，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。两个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例1相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一网格图形中，第3、4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第3、4个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第3、4个视标所在网格图形和第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2种视 标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3、4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右侧的第4个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第3、4个视标所在网格图形右上侧第1个网格图形与第1、2个视标所在网格图形左上侧第1个网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。锥型体在2种视标之间，锥型体的尖在第1种视标的附近，锥型体的底面在第2种视标的附近。
实施例6：参见图6，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图、2个由线条组成的E字视标图形以及一个由线条组成的锥型体，所述锥型体为彩色，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括5个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括4个第2种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。两个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例1相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1组视标，6个视标中，第1、2、3、4、5个视标为第1种视标，第6个视标为第2种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右下侧网格图形的右侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第4个视标所在网格图形左下侧的第1个网格图形中，第6个视标在所有最小网格图形右上侧的留白区域中，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第1、2个视标所在网格图形和第4个视标所在网格图形左侧的网格图形之间，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第1种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的右下侧区域为第2组视标，4个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧网格图形左上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形右上侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第4个视标所在网格图形和第1、2个视标所在网格图形左上侧第1个网格图形之间，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2 个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。锥型体在2组视标之间，锥型体的尖在第1组视标的附近，锥型体的底面在第2组视标的附近。
实施例7：参见图7，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标和对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图包括第一线条A、第二线条B和第三线条C，若干条第一线条A沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第二线条B在水平方向上与第一线条A相交构成的网格图形形成上下两水平面，若干条相互平行的第三线条C在垂直方向上与第一线条A相交构成的若干个由大到小的依次排列的网格图形形成垂直面，上下两水平面中的第二线条B分别与垂直面中第三线条C交于一点，将水平面与垂直面连接，构成一个立体空间。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1个视标在某一个网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第2个视标在该网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在该网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在该网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在4个相邻的网格图形之间，4个相邻网格图形中的一个网格图形分别与第2个视标所在网格图形和第4个视标所在网格图形相邻，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第3个视标方向与第4个视标方向相同外，其他任意相邻两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3个视标在同一个网格图形中，第4个视标在第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形右下侧的第1个网格图形中，每个视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的3个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例8：参见图8，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括4个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括4个第2种视标和1个第1种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。两个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例7相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第1种视标，第5个视标为第2种视标，尺寸小的E字视标图形在某一个网格图形中，第1个视标在该网格图形上侧的第1 个网格图形中，第2个视标在该网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在该网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在该网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在4个相邻的网格图形之间，4个相邻网格图形中的一个网格图形分别与尺寸小的E字视标图形所在网格图形、第2个视标所在网格图形和第4个视标所在网格图形相邻，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第3个视标方向与第4个视标方向相同外，其他任意相邻两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第2种视标，第5个视标为第1种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右下侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第4个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第1、2个视标所在网格图形中，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例9：参见图9，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和3个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括4个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括4个第2种视标和1个第1种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。3个E字视标图形中，包括1个大E字视标图形和2个大小相同的小E字视标图形，小E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，大E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例7相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右上侧区域为第1组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第1种视标，第5个视标为第2种视标，尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形在某一个网格图形中，第1个视标在该网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第2个视标在该网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在该网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在该网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在4个相邻的网格图形之间，4个相邻网格图形中的一个网格图形分别与尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形所在网格图形、第2个视标所在网格图形和第4个视标所在网格图形相邻，尺寸小的第2个E字视标图形在第2个视标所在网格图形左下侧的第1个网格图形中，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的 留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第3个视标方向与第4个视标方向相同外，其他任意相邻两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左下侧区域为第2组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第2种视标，第5个视标为第1种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右下侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右上侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第1、2个视标所在网格图形中，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例10：参见图10，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标和对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图包括第一线条A、第二线条B和第三线条C，若干条第一线条A沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第三线条C在垂直方向上与第一线条A相交构成的若干个由大到小的依次排列的网格图形形成垂直面，第二线条B和第三线条C相交构成的网格图形形成前、后两平面，前后两平面中的第二线条B分别与垂直面中的第一线条A相交于一点，将前、后两平面与垂直面连接，在垂直面、前平面、后平面的上下两侧补充网格图形，最终形成两个相连的空间。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1个视标在某一个网格图形中，第2个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在第2个视标所在网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第2个网格图形中，第5个视标视标在第4个视标所在网格图形右侧的第2个网格图形中，每个视标与其所在的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标分布于相邻的两个网格图形中，第1、2、3、4个视标在同一网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2、3、4视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形为彩色网格图形，每个视标与其所在的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的4个视标方向均不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例11：参见图11，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。2个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例10相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1个视标在某一个网格图形中，第2个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在第2个视标所在网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第2个网格图形中，第5个视标视标在第4个视标所在网格图形右侧的第2个网格图形中，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，每个视标与其所在的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标分布于相邻的两个网格图形中，第1、2、3、4个视标在同一网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2、3、4视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第1、2、3、4个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形为彩色网格图形，尺寸大的E字视标图形右侧的第1个网格图形为彩色网格图形，每个视标与其所在的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的4个视标方向均不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例12：参见图12，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和4个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括4个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括4个第2种视标和1个第1种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。4个E字视标图形中，包括2个大小相同的小E字视标图形和2个大小相同的大E字视标图形，小E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，大E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例10相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧区域为第1组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第1种视标，第5个视标为第2种视标，第1个视标在某一个网格图形中，第2个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在第2个视标所在网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图 形下侧的第2个网格图形中，第5个视标视标在第2个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2组视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第2种视标，第5个视标为第1种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3、4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第3、4个视标所在网格图形右侧第2个网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的第1、2个E字视标图形在第3、4个视标所在网格图形中，尺寸小的第2个E字视标图形在第5个视标所在网格图形中，第3、4个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形和右侧的第1个网格图形为彩色网格图形，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例13：参见图13，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标和对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图包括第一线条A和第三线条C，若干条第一线条A沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第三线条C在垂直方向上与第一线条A相交构成的若干个由大到小的依次排列的网格图形形成垂直面，垂直面倾斜适宜的角度，具体为绕垂直面下侧向内(相对纸张)倾斜，然后在垂直面上下两侧分别向内和向外补充网格图形，最终形成两个相连的空间。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧留白区域为第1种视标，5个视标由上至下依次排列，依次为第1、2、3、4、5个视标，且5个视标的垂直中心线各不相同，每个视标与其相邻的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第1个视标和第5个视标方向相同之外，其他任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧留白区域为第2种视标，5个视标由上至下依次排列，依次为第1、2、3、4、5个视标，且5个视标的垂直中心线各不相同，与视标相邻的网格图形均为彩色网格图形，每个视标与其相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第2个视标和第4个视标方向相同之外，其他任意相邻的两个视标方向 不同。
实施例14：参见图14，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图以及2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。两个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例13相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧留白区域为第1种视标，5个视标由上至下依次排列，依次为第1、2、3、4、5个视标，且5个视标的垂直中心线各不相同，尺寸小的E字视标图形位于第2个视标和第3个视标之间，每个视标与其相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2个视标和第3个视标与其相邻的E字视标图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第1个视标和第5个视标方向相同之外，其他任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧留白区域为第2种视标，5个视标由上至下依次排列，依次为第1、2、3、4、5个视标，且5个视标的垂直中心线各不相同，尺寸大的E字视标图形位于第1个视标和第2个视标之间，与视标相邻的网格图形均为彩色网格图形，每个视标与其相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，每个视标与其相邻的E字视标图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第1个视标和第3个视标方向相同之外，其他任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。
实施例15：参见图15，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图以及2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括3个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括4个第2种视标和2个第1种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。两个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图结构与实施例13相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧留白区域为第1组视标，4个视标由上至下依次排列，依次为第1、2、3、4个视标，且4个视标的垂直中心线各不相同，第1、2、3个视标为第1种视标，第4个视标为第2种视标，尺寸小的E字视标图形位于第1个视标和第2个视标之间，第1种视标与其相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第1种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第1个视标和第2个视标与其相邻的E字视标图形边线 之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻的第1种视标和第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2组视标，6个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第2种视标，第5、6个视标为第1种视标，第1、2、3、4个视标在异构视力表左侧的留白区域内，依次由上至下排列，且4个视标的垂直中心线各不相同，第5个视标在第1个视标右侧第1个网格图形上侧的第2个网格图形中，第6个视标在第4个视标右侧的第2个网格图形中，第5个视标下侧的第1-5个网格图形均为彩色网格图形，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，除第1个视标和第3个视标方向相同之外，其他任意相邻的两个视标方向不同。
实施例16：参见图16，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标和对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图为第一线条A、第二线条B和第三线条C，若干条第一线条A沿深度方向向一点集中，若干条相互平行的第二线条B在水平方向上与第一线条A相交构成的网格图形形成水平面，若干条相互平行的第三线条C在垂直方向上与第一线条A相交构成的若干个由大到小的依次排列的网格图形形成垂直面，水平面中的第二线条B与垂直面中的第三线条C相交与一点，将水平面与垂直面连接，垂直面倾斜适宜的角度，具体为绕垂直面与水平面交线向内(相对纸张)倾斜，然后在垂直面上侧补充网格图形，形成一个立体空间。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第4个视标所在网格图形右侧为留白区域，第5个视标在第4个视标所在网格图形上侧的留白区域内，每个视标与其所在或相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻两个视标方向也不相同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3个视标在同一个网格图形中，第4、5个视标在第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第2个网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1-3个网格图形、第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形和第4、5个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1、2个网格图形均为彩色图形，每个视标与其所在的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离 不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的各视标方向均不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例17：参见图17，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。两个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图与实施例16相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧区域为第1种视标，5个视标中，第1个视标在某一个网格图形中，第2个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标所在网格图形右侧为留白区域，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形右侧的留白区域内，第5个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形上侧的留白区域内，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第1个视标所在网格图形中，每个视标与其所在或相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2种视标，5个视标中，第1、2、3个视标在同一个网格图形中，第4、5个视标在第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第2个网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第4、5个视标所在网格图形与第4、5个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形之间，第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1-3个网格图形、第1、2、3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形和第4、5个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1、2个网格图形均为彩色图形，每个视标与其所在的网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，同一网格图形中，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的各视标方向均不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例18：参见图18，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和2个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，2种视标分为2组，第1组视标包括3个第1种视标和1个第2种视标，第2组视标包括4个第2种视标和2个第1种视标，第1组中的视标和第2组中的视标放置在不同的位置。2个E字视标图形中，一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，另一个E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图与实施例16相同。具体地说，在异构视力表的右侧区域为第1组视标，4个视标中，第1、2、3个视标为第1种视标，第4个视标为第2种视标，第1个视标在某一个网格图形中，第2个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形 中，第3个视标在第1个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形中，第3个视标所在网格图形右侧为留白区域，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形下侧第1个网格图形右侧的留白区域内，尺寸小的E字视标图形在第1个视标所在网格图形中，第1种视标与其所在或相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其相邻网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻两个视标方向不同。在异构视力表的左侧区域为第2组视标，6个视标中，第1、2、3、4个视标为第2种视标，第5、6个视标为第1种视标，第1、2个视标在同一个网格图形中，第3个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形下侧的第2个网格图形中，第4个视标在第3个视标所在网格图形左侧的第1个网格图形中，第5个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1个网格图形中，第6个视标在第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧第1个网格图形右侧的第2个网格图形中，尺寸大的E字视标图形在第1、2个视标所在网格图形与第1、2个视标所在网格图形右侧的第1个网格图形之间，第3个视标所在网格图形上侧的第1-3个网格图形、第3个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1个网格图形和第1、2个视标所在网格图形下侧的第1、2个网格图形均为彩色图形，第1种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，第2种视标与其所在网格图形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个第2种视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，同一网格图形中的2个视标方向不同，任意相邻的两个视标方向也不相同。
实施例19，参见图19，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标和对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置。所述透视图包括第一长方形、第二长方形和第三长方形，三个长方形从前向后依次排开，且三个长方形的相对应的角连线(图中虚线)沿深度方向向一点集中，形成一个立体空间。具体地说，第二长方形上设置网格线，且在部分网格线中填充颜色，第1种视标放置在第三长方形上，从上向下，5个视标中，第1个视标放在第一长方形的左上角，第1个视标的右下角为第2个视标，第2个视标的右下角为第3个视标，第3个视标的左下角为第4个视标，第5个视标位于第4个视标的右下角和第3个视标的左下角，每个视标与第一长方形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不相同；第2种视标放置在第一长方形上，从上向下，5个视标中，第1个视标放在第一长方形的右上角，第1个视标下方偏左为第2个视标，第2个视标下方偏右为第3个视标，第2个视标左方偏下为第4个视标， 第5个视标位于第3个视标的左下角，每个视标与第三长方形边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不相同。
实施例20，参见图20，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和4个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置，4个E字视标图形中，包括2个大小相同的小E字视标图形和2个大小相同的大E字视标图形，小E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，大E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图与实施例19相同。具体地说，第二长方形上设置网格线，且在部分网格线中填充颜色，第1种视标放置在第三长方形上，从上向下，5个视标中，第1个视标放在第一长方形的左上角，第1个视标的右下角为第2个视标，第2个视标的右下角为第3个视标，第3个视标的左下角为第4个视标，第5个视标位于第4个视标的右下角和第3个视标的左下角，尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形位于第1个视标的右侧和第2个视标的右上角，尺寸小的第2个E字视标图形放置在第二长方形的空白网格中，每个视标与图形(包括第三长方形和E字视标图形)边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不相同；第2种视标放置在第一长方形上，从上向下，5个视标中，第1个视标放在第一长方形的中上部，第1个视标下方偏左为第2个视标，第2个视标下方偏右为第3个视标，第2个视标下方偏左下为第4个视标，第5个视标位于第3个视标的左下角和第4个视标的左下角，尺寸大的第1个E字视标图形位于第1个视标的右下角和第3个视标的右上角，尺寸大的第2个E字视标图形位于第4个视标的左下角，每个视标与图形(包括第三长方形和E字视标图形)边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不相同。第二长方形上设置网格线，且在部分网格线中填充颜色。
实施例21，参见图21，一种异构视力表，在该异构视力表中，包括2种尺寸大小不同的视标、对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图和10个由线条组成的E字视标图形，第1种视标包括5个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括5个尺寸大的视标，第1种视标和第2种视标放置在不同的位置，10个E字视标图形中，包括5个大小相同的小E字视标图形和5个大小相同的大E字视标图形，小E字视标图形的尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，大E字视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍。所述透视图与实施例19相同。具体地说， 第二长方形上设置网格线，且在部分网格线中填充颜色，第1种视标放置在第三长方形上，从上向下，5个视标中，第1个视标放在第一长方形的左上角，第1个视标的右下角为第2个视标，第2个视标的右下角为第3个视标，第3个视标的左下角为第4个视标，第5个视标位于第4个视标的右下角和第3个视标的左下角，尺寸小的第1个E字视标图形位于第1个视标的右侧和第2个视标的右上角，尺寸小的第2个和第3个E字视标图形放置在第二长方形的空白网格中，尺寸小的第4个E字视标图形位于第4个视标的左下角，尺寸小的第5个E字视标图形位于第三长方形下侧，每个视标与图形(包括第三长方形和E字视标图形)边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第1种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不相同；第2种视标放置在第一长方形上，从上向下，5个视标中，第1个视标放在第一长方形的中上部，第1个视标下方偏左为第2个视标，第2个视标下方偏右为第3个视标，第2个视标左方偏下为第4个视标，第5个视标位于第3个视标的右下角和第4个视标的右下角，尺寸大的第1个E字视标图形位于第1个视标的右下角和第2个视标的右上角，尺寸大的第2个E字视标图形位于第4个视标的左下角，尺寸大的第3个E字视标图形位于第一长方形的右侧，尺寸大的第4个E字视标图形位于第一长方形的右上角，尺寸大的第5个E字视标图形位于第一长方形的左上侧，每个视标与图形(包括第三长方形和E字视标图形)边线之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，相邻两个视标之间的留白距离不少于一个第2种视标宽度的一半，视标方向有4种，任意相邻的两个视标方向不相同。第二长方形上设置网格线，且在部分网格线中填充颜色。
实施例22，参见图22，一种单视力表，在该单视力表中，包括5个尺寸大小相同的视标，5个视标排列呈方形，其中，4个视标位于方形的四个角处，1个视标位于方形的中心位置处，任意相邻的2个视标之间的留白距离为视标宽度的一半以上，且垂直方向上任意相邻的2个视标方向不同，水平方向上任意相邻的2个视标方向不同。
进一步地，所述单视力表中视标个数也可以是7个、9个或更多不等。
进一步地，所述单视力表中的所有视标可以排列为一行，或排列为一列，或排列为多行多列，或杂乱排布。
实施例23，参见图23，一种标准对数视力表，其根据GB 11533标准对数视力表国家标准制定，是将其中的标准对数远视力表(附录A)中的每一行的视标都调整为5个视标。具体地，所述标准对数视力表包括自上而下按大小排列的14行视标，按照5分记录，14种视标的视力分别为4.0、4.1、4.2、4.3、4.4、4.5、4.6、4.7、4.8、4.9、5.0、5.1、5.2和5.3，行距均为24mm，每行任意相邻两视标之间的留白距离只要保证在视标宽度的一半以上 即可，图5中取视标宽度的一半，为了统一视力认定过程中对每一种视标的认定标准，每种视标的数量相同。除各行视标为5个外，各行视标的个数还可以是7个、9个或更多不等。
实施例24，参见图24，一种视力检验装置，包括视力表、第一支撑装置1和距离测量装置2，所述视力表可拆卸安装于所述第一支撑装置的支撑板11上，所述距离测量装置2用于测量被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离，所述视力表包括上述实施例1-21任一实施例所述异构视力表和实施例23中所述的标准对数视力表，所述待测视力表为所述视力表。测量时，被检验人远离或靠近第一支撑装置，改变被检验人与视力表之间的检验距离。
在本实施例一优选实施方式中，所述视力表还包括实施例22所述的单视力表
在本实施例一优选实施方式中，上述视力检验装置还包括移动装置，移动装置用于实现待测视力表与被检验者之间的相对运动，具体地，第一支撑装置包括底部第一支架12和安装于第一支架12上的支撑板11，移动装置为固定在第一支架12的底部的轮子13。
在本实施例一优选方案中，所述距离测量装置为设于地面上的标尺，标尺置于第一支撑装置和被检验人之间。改变被检验人与视力表之间的检验距离时，使第一支撑装置沿标尺移动，待第一支撑装置停止移动后，获取该检验视标对应的测试距离。
在本实施例另一优选方案中，所述距离测量装置为带有标尺的滑轨，滑轨置于第一支撑装置和被检验人之间，所述轮子与滑轨滑动配合。改变被检验人与视力表之间的检验距离时，使第一支撑装置沿滑轨移动，待第一支撑装置停止移动时，获取该检验视标对应的测试距离。
其他能够实现上述距离测量的任何装置都可以作为本实施例的距离测量装置。
在本实施例中，所述异构视力表中，尺寸小的视标大小为尺寸大的视标大小的0.8倍。
本实施例所述视力检验装置中，各种视力表中每种视标的个数可以是5个、6个、7个、8个、9个或更多不等，可以根据实际情况具体设定。
此外，为了满足视力表的光照要求，在支撑板11的四个角处均设有至少一个照明灯，且任意相邻的两个照明灯之间对称设置。
在本实施例一优选实施方式中，上述视力检验装置还包括视力表安装调节装置，所述视力表安装调节装置包括相互吸引的第一磁体和第二磁体，所述第一磁体固定安装于所述异构视力表、所述标准对数视力表和所述单视力表上，所述第二磁体安装于所述第一支撑装置的支撑板11上。通过第一磁体和第二磁体之间的磁力作用，使异构视力表、标准对数视力表和单视力表自动安装于第一支撑装置的支撑板上。
由于参照物越多，被检验人利用参照物寻找视标规律的可能性越大，被检验人越容易伪装视力，为了减少被检验人利用参照物进行伪装的可能性，第一磁体固定安装于各种视力表的背部，且四个角处均安装有至少一个第一磁体，所述第一磁体可以是环形、条形、方形、 三角形等形状，可以是规则形状，也可以是不规则形状，具体根据视力表的大小视具体情况而定。同样地，第二磁体的数量与第一磁体的数量相同，其形状与第一磁体的形状相同或相似，且其安装位置与第一磁体一一对应。第二磁体内嵌于第一支撑装置的支撑板上，使第二磁体的上表面与支撑板的表面在同一水平面上。
进一步的，为了防止被检验人将用于安装视力表的支撑板作为参照物进行视力伪装，支撑板的颜色同样与视力表的底色相同。
其检验步骤为：
S1、通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由近至远或由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1种视标被被检验人正确辨认一半以上且另1种视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力；
S2、通过单视力表进行视力检验，使待测单视表相对被检验人由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测单视力表之间的检验距离，至被检验人能够正确辨认一半以上视标的最远距离，计算并记录检验的视力；
S3、通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力；
S4、过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表和单视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据检验的异构视力表之间、单视力表之间、异构视力表与单视力表之间、异构视力表与标准对数视力表之间、单视力表与标准对数视力表之间的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力，其具体判定方法为：
定义标准对数视力表规定的1行为1标准视力行；
若上述视力差均在1标准视力行内，即：视力差≤1标准视力行，则标准对数视力表检验的视力为真实视力；
若上述视力差中有一个达到2标准视力行以上，即：视力差≥2标准视力行，或因被检验人不配合不能完成检验，则为检验不配合、标准对数视力表检验的视力为虚假视力；
若上述视力差尚达不到2标准视力行，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认小视标而不能正确辨认大视标，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能为主观不配合，标准对数视力表检验的视力可能为虚假视力。
实际检验过程中也可以采用GB 11533标准对数视力表国家标准中的远视力表(附录A)代替上述标准对数视力表，为了统一视力认定过程中对每一种视标的认定标准,可优选上述标准对数视力表。同时为了避免检验过程中不同视标数量产生的系统误差，对于同一个被检验 者采用的单视力表和标准对数视力表中的视标数量相同。
本实施例所述视力检验装置，进行视力检验时，采用不同的视力表交替变换检验，采用异构视力表和单视力表进行检验时，变换被检验人与待测视力表之间的检验距离，从而获取被检验人的最好视力(即某一大小的视标在最远检验距离或某一检验距离的最小视标，能正确辨认一半以上视标即为最好视力)，根据不同视力表、各次视力检验结果之间的视力差判断标准对数视力表检验的视力是否为真实视力，能够有效发现伪装视力并克服伪装高视力。由于视力表可拆卸安装于第一支撑装置上，还可手动更改视力表的安装方向，从而改变视标的方向。说明书附图中涉及到的所有异构视力表旋转方向都不影响错视效果。
实施例25：参见图25，一种视力检验装置，包括视力表、第一支撑装置1、距离测量装置2、第二支撑装置7和镜子8，所述第一支撑装置1放置于所述第二支撑装置7的对面，所述视力表均可拆卸安装于所述第一支撑装置1上，所述镜子安装于所述第二支撑装置7上，使镜子与所述视力表对立设置，所述视力表包括上述实施例1-21任一实施例所述的异构视力表和实施例23所述标准对数视力表，所述距离测量装置用于测量被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离，待测视力表为视力表在镜子中的成像。在进行视力检验时，第二支撑体装置位于被检验人的前方，第一支撑装置位于被检验人的后方,测量时，被检验人在第一支撑装置和第二支撑装置之间移动，改变被检验人与待测视力表之间的检验距离。
在本实施例一优选实施方式中，所述视力表还包括实施例19所述的单视力表。
继续参见图24，所述第一支撑装置包括底部第一支架12和安装于第一支架12上的支撑板11，所述第一支架12的底部设有轮子13；所述第二支撑装置为第二支架，镜子位于第二支架的顶部。
本实施例所述的视力检验装置，还包括移动装置，移动装置用于实现被检验人相对待测视力表运动。具体地，移动装置为固定在第一支架12的底部的轮子13；或固定在第二支架底部的轮子。
在本实施例一优选实施方式中，上述视力检验装置还包括视力表安装调节装置，所述视力表安装调节装置结构与实施例21相同，此处不再赘述。
在本实施例一优选方案中，所述距离测量装置为设于地面上的标尺，标尺置于第一支撑装置与第二支撑装置之间。当轮子固定在第一支撑装置底部时，使第一支撑装置沿标尺移动，改变被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离，待第一支撑装置停止移动后，获取该检验视标对应的测试距离；当轮子固定在第二支撑装置底部时，使第二支撑装置沿标尺移动，改变被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离，待第二支撑装置停止移动后，获取该检验视标对应的测试距离。
本实施例中待测视力表为视力表在镜子中的成像，镜子的加入能够干扰被检验人对距离 的感知，增大检测的准确度。当使第一支撑装置或第二支撑装置与被检验人同时移动时，能够干扰被检测人对距离的判断，进而增加实测的准确性。
在本实施例另一优选方案中，所述距离测量装置为带有标尺的滑轨，标尺置于第一支撑装置与第二支撑装置之间，所述轮子与滑轨滑动配合。改变被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离,获取该检验视标对应的测试距离。
其检验步骤同与实施例24相同，此处不再赘述。
本实施例的其他内容均与实施例24相同，此处不再赘述。
实施例26：参见图26、图27，一种视力检验装置，包括第一支撑装置、控制单元3、与所述控制单元3相连的视力表显示屏4和视力结果显示屏5以及与所述控制单元3连接的位移传感器6，所述视力表显示屏4与所述位移传感器6均安装于所述第一支撑装置上，所述控制单元3设有数据存储模块31、视力表选择模块32、用于生成上述异构视力表的异构视力表生成模块42、用于生成标准对数视力表的标准视力表生成模块34以及用于计算视力的视力计算模块35，所述视力表计算模块35、视力表选择模块32、异构视力表生成模块42和标准视力表生成模块34分别与所述数据存储模块31连接。
进一步地，所述视力检验装置还包括用于生成实施例22中单视力表的单视力表生成模块33，单视力表生成模块33与数据存储模块31连接。
单视力表生成模块33、异构视力表生成模块42和标准视力表生成模块34分别将生成的单视力表、异构视力表和标准对数视力表输送到数据存储模块31存储，视力表选择模块32从数据存储模块31中选择视力表，并将其选择的视力表发送至视力表显示屏4进行显示，检验人根据视力表显示屏4显示的视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，将视力检验结果录入数据存储模块31，数据存储模块31实时存储被检验人的视标视力，过程中位移传感器6将视力检验时被检验人与第一支撑装置12之间的距离发送至数据存储模块31进行存储,视力计算模块35根据检验时的距离和视标视力计算视力，并将计算得到的视力发送至数据存储模块31进行存储，数据存储模块31将检验的视力发送至视力结果显示屏5显示。
作为本实施例的一优选实施方式，所述视力检验装置还包括智能移动装置、视标指示模块39和视标辨认器9，智能移动装置包括第一支撑装置底部的轮子13、与轮子13连接的驱动电机以及轮子上的刹车器，驱动电机和刹车器分别与控制单元中的驱动模块40连接，所述视标指示模块39用于指示被检验人待辨认的视标，所述视标辨认器9用于确认开始辨认视标以及输入对待辨认视标辨认结果，驱动模块40、视标指示模块39和视标辨认器9均与数据存储模块31连接。
驱动模块40根据视力表选择模块32选择的视力表驱动电机工作，带动第一支撑装置12 移动到需要进行检测的位置。具体地，对于标准对数视力表，将第一支撑装置12移动到设定的检查距离处(对于实施例23中的标准对数视力表，被检查者眼结点与视力表之间的检查距离为5m)；对于单视力表，从远至近向被检验者移动第一支撑装置12；对于异构视力表，从远至近或从远至近向被检验者移动第一支撑装置12。当被检验者准备辨认视力表中的视标时，通过视标辨认器9确认开始辨认，数据存储器31获取开始辨认时被检验者距单视力表或异构视力表的距离并存储，视标指示模块39依次指示视力表中的视标等待被检验者辨认，被检验者在视标辨认器中输入视标方向(上、下、左、右)或不清楚的辨认结果，上述辨认结果发送到数据存储模块31存储，视力计算模块35首先从数据存储模块31中获取视标指示模块39指示的视标视力，然后根据辨认结果确认被检验者是否能够辨认半数以上的视标，若是，则根据检验的距离、检验的视标视力计算被检验人的视力，并将被检验人的视力发送至数据存储模块31存储，数据存储模块31将检验的视力(包括通过单视力表的检测视力，异构视力表以及通过标准对数视力表检测的视力)发送至视力结果显示屏5显示。
作为本实施例的一优选实施方式，所述控制单元还包括伪装视力判定模块41，所述伪装视力判断模块41与数据存储模块31连接，从数据存储模块31中获取通过单视力表检测的视力、异构视力表以及标准对数视力表检测的视力，然后将多次视力进行对比，按照实施例20或21中视力是否虚假的判断方法进行判断，并将判断结果发送至数据存储模块31存储，同时将对被检验者的判断结果发送至视力结果显示屏5显示。
在进行视力检验时，采用单视力表与异构视力表交替检验的方式对被检验人的视力进行检验，检验的正确率更高，被检验人伪装视力的可能性更低，能够有效发现伪装高视力和伪装低视力。
继续参见图27，所述控制单元3还包括用于设定视标大小的视标尺寸设定模块36，所述视标尺寸设定模块36分别与异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33以及标准视力表生成模块34连接。通过视标尺寸设定模块设定视标的大小，并将设定视标的尺寸分别发送至异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33和标准视力表生成模块34，异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33和标准视力表生成模块34根据获取的视标尺寸生成视力表，并将生成的视力表发送发送至数据存储模块31进行存储，生成的视力表中的视标与设定的视标尺寸相同。
继续参见图27，所述控制单元3还包括用于设定视标方向的视标方向设定模块37，所述视标方向设定模块37分别与所述异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33以及标准视力表生成模块34连接。通过视标方向设定模块设定视标的方向，并将其分别发送至异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33、标准视力表生成模块34，异构视力表生成模块42、 单视力表生成模块33、标准视力表生成模块34根据获取的视标方向生成视力表，并将生成的视力表发送发送至数据存储模块31进行存储，生成的视力表中的视标方向与设定的视标方向相同。
继续参见图27，所述控制单元3还包括用于对视标位置进行分布排列的视标排布设定模块38，所述视标排列设定模块38分别与所述异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33以及标准视力表生成模块34连接。通过视标排布设定模块38设定视标的排布位置，并将其分别发送至异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33和标准视力表生成模块34，异构视力表生成模块42、单视力表生成模块33和标准视力表生成模块34根据获取的视标排布位置生成视力表，并将生成的视力表发送发送至数据存储模块31进行存储，生成的视力表中的视标排布位置与设定的视标排布位置相同。
继续参见图26，所述第一支撑装置包括第一支架12和设于第一支架12底部的轮子13。所述视力表显示器4安装于第一支架12的顶部，所述位移传感器6安装于第一支架12的下部。
本实施例所述视力检验装置中，各种视力表中视标的个数可以是5个、6个、7个、8个、9个或更多不等，具体可以根据实际情况具体设定。
本实施例所述视力检验装置，采用不同的视力表交替变换检验，采用异构视力表和单视力表进行检验时，变换被检验人与视力表之间的检验距离，从而获取被检验人的最好视力(即某一大小的视标在最远检验距离或某一检验距离的最小视标，能正确辨认一半以上视标即为最好视力)，根据不同视力表、各次视力检验结果之间的视力差判断标准对数视力表检验的视力是否为真实视力，能够有效发现伪装视力并克服伪装高视力。
其检验步骤同实施例24，此处不再赘述。与实施例24不同的是，本实施例中视标的方向自动更换，视标的大小自动改变，视标的排布位置自动变换。
实施例27：一种视力检验方法，采用上述实施例所述任意一种视力检验装置，其检验步骤为：
S1、通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由远至近或由近至远移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1组视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力；
S2、通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力；
S3、过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据检验的异 构视力表之间、异构视力表和标准对数视力表之间的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力，其具体判定方法为：
定义标准对数视力表规定的1行为1标准视力行；
若上述视力差均在1标准视力行内，即：视力差≤1标准视力行，则标准对数视力表检验的视力为真实视力；
若上述视力差，有一个达到2标准视力行以上，即：视力差≥2标准视力行，或因被检验人不配合不能完成检验，则为检验不配合、标准对数视力表检验的视力为虚假视力；
若上述视力差尚达不到2标准视力行，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认第1种视标而不能正确辨认第2种视标，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能为主观不配合，标准对数视力表检验的视力可能为虚假视力。
检验过程中，步骤S1的检验次数越多，判断的正确率越高，且待测异构视力表相对被检验人的距离远至近、由近至远不断变换，也能够提高判断的正确率。
实施例28：一种视力检验方法，采用上述实施例所述任意一种视力检验装置，其检验步骤为：
S1、通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由近至远或由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1组视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力；
S2、通过单视力表进行视力检验，使待单视力表相对被检验人由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测单视力表之间的检验距离，至被检验人能够正确辨认一半以上视标的最远距离，计算并记录检验的视力；
S3、通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力；
S4、过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表和单视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据检验的异构视力表之间、单视力表之间、异构视力表与单视力表之间、异构视力表与标准对数视力表之间、单视力表与标准对数视力表之间的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力，其具体判定方法为：
定义标准对数视力表规定的1行为1标准视力行；
若上述视力差均在1标准视力行内，即：视力差≤1标准视力行，则标准对数视力表检验的视力为真实视力；
若上述视力差中有一个达到2标准视力行以上，即：视力差≥2标准视力行，或因被检 验人不配合不能完成检验，则为检验不配合、标准对数视力表检验的视力为虚假视力；
若上述视力差尚达不到2标准视力行，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认第1种视标而不能正确辨认第2种视标，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能为主观不配合，标准对数视力表检验的视力可能为虚假视力。
上述步骤中，步骤S1、S2、S3可以相互互换，可以是步骤S1和步骤S2互换，即：S1、通过单视力表进行视力检验，使待单视力表相对被检验人由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测单视力表之间的检验距离，至被检验人能够正确辨认半数以上视标的最远距离，计算并记录检验的视力；S2、通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由近至远或由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1组视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力。也可以是步骤S1和步骤S3互换，即：S1、通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力；S3、通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由近至远或由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1组视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力。还可以是步骤S2和步骤S3互换，即：S2、通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力；S3、通过单视力表进行视力检验，使待单视力表相对被检验人由远至近移动，改变被检验人与单视力表之间的检验距离，至被检验人能够正确辨认半数以上视标的最远距离，计算并记录检验的视力。只要相邻步骤不采用同一种视力表进行检验，不同种类视力表之间的顺序可以互换，此处不一一赘述。
进行视力检验时，视力检验的距离为2-7米，异构视力表由2米处向7米处移动或由7米处向2米处移动，单视力表由7米处向2米处移动。异构视力表由近至远或由远至近移动，对两种不同的视标混淆的效果更佳，能够使被检验人发生错误判断，使被检验人不能伪装，提高检验正确率。单视力表由远至近移动，能够有效防止被检验人熟记视标排列循序进行伪装，提高检验正确率。
每次视力检验时，每种视力表中的视标通过手动或自动改变视标的方向，使每次检验视力的各视力表中的视标方向不同。通过改变视标的方向，防止被检验人熟记视标的排列顺序从而伪装视力，进一步提高检验视力的正确率。
在进行视力检验时，为了进一步提高检验的正确率，每次检验时检验的视标大小差距超过1标准视力行，且相邻两次视力检验采用的视力表不同。采用不同的视力表进行检验且检 验的视标大小差距在1标准视力行以上，通过改变检验视标的大小，能够提高检验的正确率，有效发现伪装视力。
在进行视力检验时，为了进一步提高检验的正确率，每次检验的时间间隔为至少5分钟，在时间间隔内，被检验人隔音遮光闭目休息。采用时间间隔让被检验人闭目休息从而消减对视标和检验距离的短暂记忆，防止被检验人对视标和检验距离短暂记忆的影响，进一步提高检验视力的正确率。
在进行视力检验时，为了保证检验视力的正确性，单视力表、异构视力表以及标准对数视力表均至少检验一次，检验次数越多，检验视力的正确率越高，具体可以根据被检验人的实际情况选择检验的次数以及使用各种视力表的次数。
例如：单视力表、异构视力表以及标准对数视力表均检验1次，依次按照异构视力表检验-单视力表检验-标准对数视力表检验的顺序进行视力检验。各种视力表各检验一次，与现有检验方法相比，检验的正确率高，但相对于采用本发明方法使用各种视力表进行多次检验来讲，仅采用各检验一次的方式，检验的正确率是最低的。
又例如：单视力表和标准对数视力表均检验1次，异构视力表检验2次，依次按照异构视力表检验-单视力表检验-异构视力表检验-标准对数视力表检验的顺序进行视力检验。采用异构视力表进行两次检验，能够更好的发现伪装视力的被检验人，检验的正确率进一步提高。
为了能更清楚地说明本发明上述异构视力表、视力检验装置及检验方法的优点，以下结合具体实验对本发明上述异构视力表、视力检验装置及检验方法做出进一步说明。
实验：
被检验人：志愿者81人，年龄：19-51岁，男女不限，文化程度：高中以上至博士研究生，清楚实验目的与流程，愿意积极配合实验。检验距离为：2米-7米，小数视力与视标和检验距离的关系为：
视力＝视标视力×检验距离/5
单视力表采用图10所示由5个视标组成的单视力表。异构视力表采用如图1-图9所示由2种大小不同的视标，第1种视标的大小为第2种视标的0.8倍，每一种视标由5个视标组成的异构视力表。
各视力表的视标与视力的关系参见表1。
表1
5分视力 视角α(′) 设计距离D(m) 视标边长(mm) 小数视力V
5-lgα 10 n 5α 5×5000αρ 1/α
表1中，ρ为数学符号，1′的弧度数，其值为2.90888×10 -4rad。
选取两个检验人利用上述视力检验装置依次按照以下流程进行检验：
S1、第一检验人按照标准对数视力表检验被检验人的真实视力，记录视力1。
S2、被检验人自主选择伪装视力或不伪装视力，伪装视力时，被检验人必须与真实视力减低或提高视力2行以上，可重复检验为伪装成功。第一检验人按照标准对数视力表检验被检验人的真实视力或伪装视力，并记录视力2；如果选择伪装视力，则同时被检验人被告知更换检验人，且在第二检验人检验期间，被检验人应保持伪装视力，若发现被检验人不配合即为伪装失败。
伪装视力帮助：缩印实验使用的标准对数视力表，张贴并于被检验人近前。
S3、将视力表更换为异构视力表，第二检验人通过异构视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，将异构视力表由2米向7米处移动，至任意1种视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到3个，且正确辨认另外1种视标达到3个以上，分别记录2种视标的正确辨认个数，计算视力并记录视力3。
S4、将视力表更换为单视力表，第二检验人通过单视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，将单视力表由7米处向检验者近处移动，至能正确辨认3个以上视标的最远距离，计算视力并记录视力4。
S5、将视力表更换为异构视力表，第二检验人通过异构视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，将异构视力表由2米向7米处移动，至任意1种视标被被检验人正确辨认达不到3个，且正确辨认另外1种视标达到3个以上，分别记录2种视标的正确辨认个数，计算视力并记录视力5。
S6、将视力表更换为标准对数视力表，第二检验人通过标准对数视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，记录视力6。
S7、第二检验人独立对视力6的真实性作出判断结论，具体判断方法为：若步骤S3、S4、S5、S6进行的4次检验视力得到的视力3、视力4、视力5和视力6的之间的最大视力差均在1标准视力行以内(即≤1标准视力行)，则视力6为真实视力；若视力差达到2标准视力行以上(即≥2标准视力行)或因不配合不能完成检验，为检验不配合、视力6虚假；若4次检验视力得到的视力3、视力4、视力5和视力6的视力差尚达不到2标准视力行(即<2标准视力行)，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认第1种视标而不能正确辨认第2种视标，或在一次异构视力表检验中，两个不同检验距离视力结果存在的不能合理解释，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能主观不配合，视力6可能虚假。记录对视力6真实性的判断结论。
S8、叮嘱被检验人检验真实视力，第一检验人按照标准对数视力表检验被检验人的真实 视力，记录视力7。
依据视力1、视力2和视力7，对视力6判断结论进行验证。检验结果见表2。
表2视力检验实验结果
Figure PCTCN2020097325-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020097325-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020097325-appb-000003
参见表2，由实验结果可知，16号、43号和74号被检验人未告知真实视力，该3例实验无效,有效实验78例。
78例实验，2例结论错误，结论错误率为2.56％。5例真实视力实验者，4例判断正确，1例在异构视力表检验中表现为“能辨认小视标而不能辨认大视标”判断为可疑，详见17号。伪装高视力4例，均被发现，另外7例志愿者了解检验方法后放弃伪装高视力。伪装低视力70例，判断正确68例，正确率97.1％，2例错误判断为真实视力，详见20号和58号。
35.7％、25例伪装低视力者29次在异构视力表检验中，表现为“能辨认小视标而不能辨认大视标”的视标大小错误的辨认异常；另外24.2％、17例伪装低视力者19次，在一次异构视力表检验中，两个不同检验距离视力结果存在的不能合理解释，例如32号视力5,5.2米能正确辨认3个以上0.4和0.445视标，而在5.5米则都不能正确辨认0.4和0.445视标，视力表现为0.416和0.463且<0.439和<0.490。两者合计辨认异常38例，在伪装低视力者中的出现率为38/70、54.3％。
伪装高视力者均未出现辨认异常；1例真实视力者、17号因被检验人乱猜视标方向，配 合欠佳、出现该现象。
伪装低视力者判断为可疑结论4例，其视力检验结果均有无法合理解释的矛盾。例如，具体地说，5号被检验人总视力差1标准视力行以内，视力检验结果矛盾为：视力3否认可辨认0.198，与视力5和视力6不符。事实上，5号被检验人为女性、22周岁，大学四年级学生，300度近视眼镜，散光度数不详未矫正。据5号被检验人自述0.2视标清晰而0.25视标稍模糊，0.3、0.4和0.5更加模糊，根据模糊程度来伪装低视力。50号以后调整实验方案，对有“不能合理解释的视力检验”可疑判断，增加1次异构视力表或和1次单视力表检验，故50号以后未再出现可疑结论。
2例判断错误均来自伪装低视力，而检验结果表现为“视力差≤1标准视力行”。其中20号被检验人，女，19岁，大学二年级学生。右眼散光，度数不详未矫正，平时不戴眼镜。据20号被检验人自述靠散光程度，可以判断是否是0.2视标从而伪装低视力。58号被检验人，男，24岁，计算机图像处理专业在读研究生，自述可判断视标大小，方法不详。
另外67号、71号和77号志愿者为第二次参加实验，79号、80号和81号志愿者为本实验的检验人也作为被检验人参加实验，均未因熟悉检验方法和流程影响结果。
去除2例无效实验和5例真实实验，对伪装视力进行判断的过程中，有效实验为73例，其中，异构视力表(视力3)和标准对数视力表(视力6)检验结果对比中，视力差达到两标准行以上的为33例，发现率为45.2％，两次异构视力表(视力3和视力5)检验结果对比中，视力差达到两标准行以上的为48例，发现率为65.8％。
由上述实验可知，通过本发明上述视力检验装置对被检验人进行视力检验，检验得出的真实视力正确率在95％以上，能够有效发现主观不配合、伪装视力，为涉及社会保障、人身损害保险理赔等社会问题提供证据支持，防止伪装者获得不当利益，具有十分重要的现实意义。
实验：
被检验人：志愿者25人，年龄：19-25岁，男女不限，文化程度：高中以上，清楚实验目的与流程，愿意积极配合实验。检验距离为：2米-7米，小数视力与视标和检验距离的关系为：
视力＝视标视力×检验距离/5
单视力表采用图1所示由5个视标组成的单视力表。
各视力表的视标与视力的关系参见表1。
表1
5分视力 视角α(′) 设计距离D(m) 视标边长(mm) 小数视力V
5-lgα 10 n 5α 5×5000αρ 1/α
表1中，ρ为数学符号，1′的弧度数，其值为2.90888×10 -4rad。
选取两个检验人利用上述视力检验装置依次按照以下流程进行检验：
S1、第一检验人按照标准对数视力表检验被检验人的真实视力，记录视力1。
S2、被检验人自主选择伪装视力或不伪装视力，选择伪装视力时，被检验人必须与真实视力减低或提高视力2行以上，可重复检验为伪装成功。第一检验人按照标准对数视力表检验被检验人的真实视力或伪装视力，并记录视力2；如果选择伪装视力，则同时被检验人被告知更换检验人，且在第二检验人检验期间，被检验人应保持伪装视力，若发现被检验人不配合即为伪装失败。
伪装视力帮助：缩印实验使用的标准对数视力表，张贴并于被检验人近前。
S3、将视力表更换为单视力表，第二检验人通过单视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，将单视力表由7米处向被检验人近处移动，至能正确辨认3个以上视标的最远距离，计算视力并记录视力3。
S4、将视力表更换为标准对数视力表，第二检验人通过标准对数视力表对被检验人进行视力检验，记录视力4。
S5、第二检验人独立对视力4作出判断结论，具体判断方法为：若步骤S3检验视力得到的视力3与步骤S4检验的视力4之间的视力差达到2标准视力行以上(即视力差≥2标准视力行)为检验不配合、视力4虚假；记录对视力4的判断结论。
S6、叮嘱被检验人检验真实视力，第一检验人按照标准对数视力表检验被检验人的真实视力，记录视力5。
依据视力1、视力2和视力5评价对视力4的判断结论。
表2视力检验实验结果
Figure PCTCN2020097325-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020097325-appb-000005
参见表2，由实验结果可知，25实验样本，其中真实视力5例，视力3与视力4之间视力差均在1标准视力行以内。10例虚假判断均来自伪装视力，判断正确率100％。
20例伪装视力中，10例被判断为虚假，发现率50％。其中伪装高视力2例，发现率100％；伪装低视力18例，发现8例、发现率44.4％，另外10例伪装低视力者视力3与视力4之间的视力差在1标准视力行以内，未被发现。
由上述实验可知，通过本发明上述单视力表、视力检验装置及方法对被检验人进行视力检验，检验得出伪装视力发现率约为50％，其中，伪装高视力的发现率为100％，伪装低视力的发现率在44％左右，能够有效发现主观不配合、伪装视力，为涉及社会保障、人身损害保险理赔等社会问题提供证据支持，防止伪装者获得不当利益，具有十分重要的现实意义。
上述实施例用来解释本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本发明做出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。
上述实施例用来解释本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本发明做出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种异构视力表，其特征在于，所述异构视力表为由异构参照区和尺寸大小不同的至少2种视标组成的大小错视图，异构参照区能够导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判，视觉上认为某种较小视标不小于另外一种较大视标。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述异构视力表，其特征在于，所述异构参照区为能够对大小不同视标产生视觉深度影响的透视图，将M个较大视标放在透视图中视觉上更近的位置，将N个较小种视标放置在透视图中视觉上更远的位置，M和N为≥1的正整数，通过造成对视觉深度的错觉，进而导致对不同种尺寸的视标大小的误判。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述异构视力表，其特征在于，所述异构参照区还包括能够使较小视标在视觉上更大，较大的视标在视觉上更小的错视图形，所述错视图形包括字母图形、数字图形、几何结构图形、锥形体中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述异构视力表，其特征在于，字母图形为与视标结构相同的视标图形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述异构视力表，其特征在于，所述异构参照区不同两组视标之间还设有色彩块。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述异构视力表，其特征在于，当所述视标的数量为两种时，第1种视标包括若干个尺寸小的视标，第2种视标包括若干个尺寸大的视标，且第1种视标的大小是第2种视标大小的0.64-0.99倍，每种视标与其周围构成异构参照区的线条或者图形的留白距离为该种视标宽度的一半以上，相邻两种视标之间的留白距离为较大视标宽度的一半以上，每一种视标都含有四个方向的至少5个视标，且相邻两个视标的方向不同。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述异构视力表，其特征在于，异构参照区包括与视标结构相同的第1种视标图形和第2种视标图形，第1种视标图形和第2种视标图形分别置于第1种视标和第2种视标周围，第1种视标图形尺寸大小不大于第1种视标的0.5倍，第2种视标图形的尺寸大小不小于第2种视标的1.5倍，通过产生艾宾浩斯错觉，使第1种视标视觉上看起来更大，使第2种视标视觉上看起来更小，进而对影响视标大小的正常判断，所述锥型体在2种视标之间，锥型体的尖在第1种视标的附近，锥型体的底面在第2种视标的附近。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述异构视力表，其特征在于，第1种视标的大小为第2种视标大小的0.79-0.81倍。
  9. 一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的视力检验方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    通过异构视力表进行视力检验，使待测异构视力表相对被检验人由远至近或由近至远移动，改变被检验人与待测异构视力表之间的检验距离，至任意1组视标被被检验人正确辨认达 不到一半以上，分别记录异构视力表中两种视标正确辨认的个数，计算并记录检验的视力；
    通过标准对数视力表进行标准视力检验，在被检验者距离待测标准对数视力表的检查距离处进行检测，记录检验的视力；
    过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据异构视力表之间、异构视力表和标准对数视力表之间检验的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的视力检验方法，其特征在于，所述视力检验方法还包括通过单视力表进行视力检验，使待单视力表相对被检验人由远至近移动，改变被检验人与待测单视力表之间的检验距离，至被检验人能够正确辨认一半以上视标的最远距离，计算并记录检验的视力；
    所述单视力表为由相同大小的至少5个视标组成的平面图，所述视力表中，视标的方向有4种，任意相邻的2个视标之间的留白距离为视标宽度的一半以上，且垂直方向上任意相邻的2个视标方向不同，水平方向上任意相邻的2个视标方向不同；
    过程中对于同一被检验人，采用异构视力表和单视力表进行检验的次数≥1次，根据异构视力表之间、单视力表之间、异构视力表与单视力表之间、异构视力表与标准对数视力表之间、单视力表与标准对数视力表之间检验检验的视力差判断被检验人的视力是否为真实视力。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的视力检验方法，其特征在于，具体判定方法为：
    定义标准对数视力表规定的1行为1标准视力行；
    若上述视力差均在1标准视力行内，即：视力差≤1标准视力行，则标准对数视力表检验的视力为真实视力；
    若上述视力差，有一个达到2标准视力行以上，即：视力差≥2标准视力行，或因被检验人不配合不能完成检验，则为检验不配合、标准对数视力表检验的视力为虚假视力；
    若上述视力差尚达不到2标准视力行，但异构视力表检验出现能正确辨认第1种视标而不能正确辨认第2种视标，或各次视力之间存在无法合理解释的矛盾，则可能为主观不配合，标准对数视力表检验的视力可能为虚假视力。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的视力检验方法，其特征在于，每次视力检验时，所述标准对数视力表、异构视力表和单视力表中每种视标的视标数量相同。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的视力检验方法，其特征在于，每次视力检验时，每种视力表中的视标通过手动或自动改变视标的方向，使每次检验视力的各视力表中的视标方向不同。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的视力检验方法，其特征在于，每次检验时使用的视标大小差距超过1标准视力行，且相邻两次视力检验采用的视力表不同。
  15. 一种权利要求10所述视力检验方法对应的视力检验装置，其特征在于，包括距离测量装置、视力表安装调节装置和视力表支撑装置，视力表安装调节装置固定在视力表支撑装置上,用于变换和显示不同的视力表，距离测量装置用于测量被检验人与待测视力表之间的距离，所述视力表或其在镜子中的成像为待测视力表，所述视力表包括异构视力表，标准对数视力表和单视力表。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述视力表支撑装置为第一支撑装置，所述视力表可拆卸安装于所述第一支撑装置的支撑板上，此时，待测视力表为视力表。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述视力检验装置还包括第二支撑装置和镜子，所述视力表支撑装置为第一支撑装置，所述视力表可拆卸安装于所述第一支撑装置的支撑板上，所述第一支撑装置放置于所述第二支撑装置的对面，所述镜子安装于所述第二支撑装置上，使镜子与所述异构视力表或标准对数视力表对立设置，此时，待测视力表为视力表在镜子中的成像。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，视力检验装置还包括移动装置，移动装置用于实现待测视力表与被检验者之间的相对运动。
  19. 根据权利要求15所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述视力表支撑装置为第一支撑装置，视力表安装调节装置包括控制单元、与所述控制单元相连的视力表显示屏和视力结果显示屏，所述视力表显示屏安装于所述第一支撑装置上，所述控制单元设有数据存储模块、视力表选择模块、用于生成上述异构视力表的异构视力表生成模块、用于生成标准对数视力表的标准视力表生成模块、用于生成上述单视力表的单视力表生成模块以及用于计算视力的视力计算模块，所述视力表计算模块、视力表选择模块、异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生产模块和标准视力表生成模块分别与所述数据存储模块连接，此时，待测视力表为视力表显示屏中生成的视力表。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述距离测量装置为位移传感器，安装于第一支撑装置上的位移传感器与所述控制单元连接。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述视力检验装置还包括智能移动装置、视标指示模块和视标辨认器，智能移动装置包括第一支撑装置底部的轮子、与轮子连接的驱动电机以及轮子上的刹车器，驱动电机和刹车器分别与控制单元中的驱动模块连接，所 述视标指示模块用于指示被检验人待辨认的视标，所述视标辨认器用于确认开始辨认视标以及输入对待辨认视标辨认结果，驱动模块、视标指示模块和视标辨认器均与数据存储模块连接。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还包括伪装视力判定模块，所述伪装视力判断模块与数据存储模块连接，从数据存储模块中获取通过单视力表检测的视力、异构视力表以及标准对数视力表检测的视力，然后将多次视力进行对比，判断视力是否虚假，并将判断结果发送至数据存储模块存储，同时将对被检验者的判断结果发送至视力结果显示屏显示。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的视力检验装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还包括用于设定视标大小的视标尺寸设定模块，所述视标尺寸设定模块分别与异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生成模块以及标准视力表生成模块连接；所述控制单元还包括用于设定视标方向的视标方向设定模块，所述视标方向设定模块分别与所述异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生成模块以及标准视力表生成模块连接；所述控制单元还包括用于对视标位置进行分布排列的视标排布设定模块，所述视标排列设定模块分别与所述异构视力表生成模块、单视力表生成模块以及标准视力表生成模块连接。
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