WO2021004185A1 - Method for gradient regulation and control of technological parameter in additive manufacturing process - Google Patents
Method for gradient regulation and control of technological parameter in additive manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021004185A1 WO2021004185A1 PCT/CN2020/092988 CN2020092988W WO2021004185A1 WO 2021004185 A1 WO2021004185 A1 WO 2021004185A1 CN 2020092988 W CN2020092988 W CN 2020092988W WO 2021004185 A1 WO2021004185 A1 WO 2021004185A1
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- additive manufacturing
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 64
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process.
- Metal additive manufacturing technology is mainly realized by laser metal deposition, which is different from the traditional subtractive manufacturing-metal turning and iso-material manufacturing-casting technology.
- Metal additive manufacturing uses laser or electron beam as the heat source, in the base material
- the powder material is directly delivered to the laser molten pool through the powder feeding system, and the metal powder is melted by laser energy.
- the molten powder enters the molten pool and solidifies and forms metallurgy with the base material. Combine, build 3D model part entities through layer upon layer accumulation.
- This layer-by-layer manufacturing method can theoretically produce workpieces of any shape. It can automatically, quickly, directly and accurately convert the three-dimensional design in the computer into a physical model, and even directly manufacture parts or molds, thus effectively To shorten the product development cycle is a true digital and intelligent forming method.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for gradient control of process parameters of an additive manufacturing process, which can overcome the problem of laser forming instability caused by the thermal accumulation effect of the layer-by-layer printing process in the existing laser additive manufacturing technology.
- the method for gradient control of process parameters in the additive manufacturing process adopted by the present invention includes:
- Step 1 Slice the model into layers and fill in the laser scanning path of each layer, complete the additive manufacturing of the first layer of the model with power P1, and use the three-dimensional finite element method to determine the heat conduction equation at the starting point A1 of the first layer of the model to obtain point A1 The temperature T1;
- the thickness of the model is n layers.
- the laser processing time t(n) of each layer is calculated.
- the model heating time is n-layer cumulative heating time.
- the horizontal position An of the starting point of the printing procedure of each layer is the same position.
- the position of the horizontal position An of the starting point of the printing procedure of each layer is randomly selected.
- the horizontal position An of the starting point of each layer of the printing program relative to the coordinate position of the model is readable.
- this method is suitable for additive manufacturing process, the material layer used for processing does not involve the change of material composition between layers, and other processing parameters except power should remain unchanged;
- the range of the laser power increment ⁇ P between layers is 0-P1.
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method adopted by the present invention can calculate the layer-by-layer temperature of the forming part through three-dimensional finite element simulation calculation, and compensate the parameters of each printing layer through the simulation calculation, and finally obtain stable laser processing. Parameters, so as to realize the gradient control of the process parameters of the additive manufacturing process, and solve the problem of laser forming instability caused by the thermal accumulation effect of the layer-by-layer printing process in the existing laser additive manufacturing technology.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part sample prepared by a method of gradient control of process parameters of an additive manufacturing process.
- Figure 3 is a metallographic analysis photo of the part A in the part sample shown in Figure 2.
- Fig. 4 is a metallographic analysis photo at B in the part sample block shown in Fig. 2.
- the implementation process of the method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process includes:
- Step 1 Slice the model into layers and fill the laser scanning path of each layer, and complete the additive manufacturing of the first layer of the model with power P1.
- the method of the present invention aims to continuously determine the temperature of the starting point by establishing a thermodynamic heat conduction equation in the initial stage of additive manufacturing printing, and adjust the laser power based on whether the temperature is stable or changing, so as to solve the problem.
- the thickness of the model when calculating the temperature of the point An of the model by using the three-dimensional finite element method is n layers.
- the laser processing time t(n) of each layer can be calculated.
- the model heating time is n-layer cumulative heating time.
- the horizontal position An of the starting point of the printing procedure for each layer can be the same position or randomly selected, and its coordinate position relative to the model is readable, because the starting point of the printing procedure for each layer is not It is fixed, and as the height increases, the model structure may change. Therefore, the selection of the An point of each layer of the model can be set to the same position or a random position relative to the model according to the different starting points of the program of each layer.
- the method is suitable for the additive manufacturing process, the material layer used for processing does not involve changes in material composition between the layers, and other processing parameters other than power should remain unchanged, so that the purpose is to control Material properties and other processing parameters remain unchanged, achieving the purpose of controlling a single variable and making power control more precise.
- the value range of the interlayer laser power increment ⁇ P can be between 0 and P1.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part printed by the process parameter adjustment method of the present invention
- Figs. 3-4 are schematic diagrams of partial metallographic analysis photos.
- the sample is prepared along the printing direction, using the additive manufacturing process parameter gradient control method to adjust the power layer by layer.
- the laser power is 700W in the A region of the starting layer, and the laser power is increased layer by layer to 1100W in the B region. , To obtain a stable bath temperature. Observation of the metallographic structure of the prepared sample block shows that when the laser power is low, the laser energy input is low, and there are many pore defects inside the sample block.
- the number of defects changes from area A 61 voids are visible to the naked eye above 10 ⁇ m, and the voids are basically disappeared in the B area, and the void defects are significantly reduced until they disappear completely.
- the effect of the gradient control of process parameters is significant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 一种增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:A method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:步骤一:将模型切片分层并填充每层激光扫描路径,以功率P1完成模型第1层的增材制造,利用三维有限元方法确定模型第1层起始点A1点的热传导方程,获得A1点的温度T1;Step 1: Slice the model into layers and fill in the laser scanning path of each layer, complete the additive manufacturing of the first layer of the model with power P1, and use the three-dimensional finite element method to determine the heat conduction equation at the starting point A1 of the first layer of the model to obtain point A1 The temperature T1;步骤二:以功率P2完成模型第2层的增材制造,其中P2=P1,利用三维有限元方法确定模型第2层起始点A2点的热传导方程,获得A2点的温度T2;Step 2: Complete the additive manufacturing of the second layer of the model with the power P2, where P2=P1, use the three-dimensional finite element method to determine the heat conduction equation at the starting point A2 of the second layer of the model, and obtain the temperature T2 of the A2 point;步骤三:判断相邻两层间的温度大小,若T2≠T1,则调整激光功率P,并以激光功率P3进行下一层打印程序,其中P3=P2-(T2-T1)*△P,△P为层间激光功率增量,其中△P取值范围为0-P1;利用三维有限元方法确定模型第3层起始点A3点的热传导方程,获得A3点的温度T3;Step 3: Determine the temperature between two adjacent layers. If T2≠T1, adjust the laser power P, and use the laser power P3 to print the next layer, where P3=P2-(T2-T1)*△P, △P is the increment of laser power between layers, where △P ranges from 0 to P1; use the three-dimensional finite element method to determine the heat conduction equation at the starting point A3 of the third layer of the model, and obtain the temperature T3 at A3;步骤四:重复步骤二和步骤三,直至T(n)=T(n-1),此时获得稳定的激光功率参数Pn,Pn=P(n-1)-(T(n-1)-T(n-2))*△P,并以Pn作为最终的激光加工参数完成工件打印。Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until T(n)=T(n-1), at this time a stable laser power parameter Pn is obtained, Pn=P(n-1)-(T(n-1)- T(n-2))*△P, and use Pn as the final laser processing parameter to complete the workpiece printing.
- 根据权利要求1所述的增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中,利用三维有限元方法计算模型An点温度时,模型厚度为n层高度。The method for controlling the gradient of process parameters of the additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, when the temperature of the point An of the model is calculated by the three-dimensional finite element method, the thickness of the model is n layer height.
- 根据权利要求1所述的增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中,模型切片分层并填充每层激光扫描路径后,计算每层激光加工时间t(n),在利用三维有限元方法计算模型An点温度时,模型加热时间为n层累积加热时间。The method of claim 1, wherein the process parameter gradient control method of the additive manufacturing process is characterized in that, in the step one, after the model is sliced into layers and the laser scanning path of each layer is filled, the laser processing time t(n ), when using the three-dimensional finite element method to calculate the temperature at point An of the model, the model heating time is the cumulative heating time of n layers.
- 根据权利要求1所述的增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,每层打印程序的起始点水平位置An是相同位置。The method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal position An of the starting point of the printing procedure of each layer is the same position.
- 根据权利要求1所述的增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,每层打印程序的起始点水平位置An的位置为随机选择。The method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, wherein the position of the horizontal position An of the starting point of each layer of the printing program is randomly selected.
- 根据权利要求4或5所述的增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,每层打印程序的起始点水平位置An相对于模型的坐标位置是可读取的。The method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the horizontal position An of the starting point of each layer of the printing program is readable relative to the coordinate position of the model.
- 根据权利要求1所述的增材制造过程工艺参数梯度调控的方法,其特征在于,该方法适用于增材制造过程,用于加工的材料层与层间不涉及材料成分的变化,且除了功率以外其他加工过程参数应保持不变。The method for gradient control of process parameters in an additive manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is suitable for the additive manufacturing process, and the material layer used for processing does not involve changes in material composition between layers, and except for power Other processing parameters should remain unchanged.
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