CN115138862A - Three-dimensional printing method and device for low-melting-point metal - Google Patents
Three-dimensional printing method and device for low-melting-point metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN115138862A CN115138862A CN202110343271.7A CN202110343271A CN115138862A CN 115138862 A CN115138862 A CN 115138862A CN 202110343271 A CN202110343271 A CN 202110343271A CN 115138862 A CN115138862 A CN 115138862A
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A three-dimensional printing method of low-melting-point metal comprises the following steps: slicing the three-dimensional model in a layering manner, and paving material powder of low-melting-point metal on a forming platform according to layering data; the laser emits laser to scan the material powder for the first time to form a printing layer, and the power of the laser is 50-200W; the laser emits laser to perform secondary scanning on the printing layer; detecting a surface condition of the printed layer; if the detection is passed, the powder paving device paves another layer of material powder on the printing layer; if the detection fails, the laser emits laser to scan the printing layer for the third time, and the surface condition of the printing layer is repeatedly detected. According to the three-dimensional printing method, the low-power laser scanning is performed on the printing layer at least twice through the low-power laser, so that the material powder of the low-melting-point metal can be melted, a large amount of material gasification is not generated, the printing quality of the low-melting-point metal is improved, and the printing precision is improved. The application also provides a three-dimensional printing device applying the printing method.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of three-dimensional forming technology, in particular to a three-dimensional printing method and a three-dimensional printing device for low-melting-point metal.
Background
In the prior art, materials with low melting points, such as zinc, zinc alloy, magnesium alloy and the like, have low melting points, and when the magnesium alloy is directly subjected to 3D printing, each printing layer is only subjected to one-time high-power laser scanning, so that the materials are easily gasified and evaporated, a large amount of smoke is generated, the printing is further influenced, the printing materials are excessively ablated, and the surface of a printed workpiece is blackened. In addition, the vaporization of the material will not guarantee the dimensional accuracy of the printed piece, resulting in the structural damage of the printed piece.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, the present application provides a three-dimensional printing method and apparatus for low-melting-point metal, which control reasonable input of laser energy density by performing low-power laser scanning at least twice on each printed layer, so that material powder of low-melting-point metal can be melted without causing a problem of material gasification in a large amount, thereby facilitating improvement of printing quality of low-melting-point metal and improving printing precision.
Embodiments of the present application provide a three-dimensional printing method of a low melting point metal, the three-dimensional printing method comprises the following steps:
the three-dimensional model is sliced layer by layer, the powder laying device lays material powder of low-melting-point metal on the forming platform according to the layering data;
the laser emits laser to scan the material powder for the first time to form a printing layer, and the power of the laser is 50-200W;
the laser emits laser to perform secondary scanning on the printing layer;
detecting a surface condition of the printed layer;
if the printing layer passes the detection, the powder paving device paves another layer of material powder on the printing layer;
if the material powder passes the detection, the laser emits laser to carry out third scanning or multiple scanning on the printing layer, the surface condition of the printing layer is repeatedly detected, and whether new material powder can be paved or not is judged.
In some embodiments, the laser power for performing the second scan is equal to, greater than, or less than the laser power for performing the first scan.
In some embodiments, the laser power for performing the third scan is equal to, or greater than, or less than the laser power for performing the first scan.
In some embodiments, the laser power for the third scan is equal to the laser power for the second scan.
In some embodiments, the laser scanning path of the first scanning is parallel to a first direction, the laser scanning path of the second scanning is parallel to a second direction, and an included angle between the first direction and the second direction on the surface of the printing layer is an acute angle.
In some embodiments, the scan paths of the first scan, the second scan, and the third scan are the same.
In some embodiments, the laser has a scanning speed of 100-1000mm/s and a scanning pitch of 0.01-0.1mm in each scan.
In some embodiments, said detecting a surface condition of said printed layer comprises:
for printed layers photographing the surface;
the visual detection system judges whether the surface of the printing layer has an excessive ablation area;
and if the excessive ablation area does not appear, the visual detection system further judges whether the surface state of the printing layer meets the standard requirement. And calculating a gray value according to the imaging result, comparing the gray value with a standard value for relative error, if the relative error value is less than or equal to a preset value, conforming the surface condition of the printing layer to the standard requirement, detecting the printing layer without scanning next time, and laying new material powder on the existing printing layer. If the relative error value is larger than the preset value, the surface condition of the printing layer does not accord with the standard requirement, the printing layer needs to be subjected to next laser scanning, and the laser scanning power is equal to, or larger than or smaller than the laser power of the first scanning.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional printing method further comprises the steps of:
the laser adjusts the output power of the laser according to the detection structure of the surface condition of the printing layer.
The embodiment of the application also provides a three-dimensional printing device, wherein the three-dimensional printing device is used for applying the three-dimensional printing method of the embodiment, the three-dimensional printing device comprises a controller, a powder laying device, a laser and a detector, and the controller is electrically connected with the powder laying device, the laser and the detector; the controller is used for controlling the powder paving device to pave the material powder of the low-melting-point metal on the forming platform according to the slicing data of the three-dimensional model, and the laser is used for emitting laser to scan the material powder at least twice so as to form a printing layer; the detector is used for detecting the surface condition of the printing layer and feeding back information to the controller.
The application provides a three-dimensional printing method and device, through carrying out at least twice miniwatt laser scanning to every layer of printing layer, control laser energy density's reasonable input makes the material powder of low melting point metal can melt, nevertheless does not produce the problem that the material gasifies in a large number, is favorable to improving the printing quality of low melting point metal, promotes and prints the precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional printing method a flow chart in one embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser scanning path.
Fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a three-dimensional printing apparatus in one embodiment.
Description of the main element symbols:
| three- |
100 |
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10 |
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20 |
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30 |
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40 |
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Some embodiments of the present application are described in detail. In the following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, a method for three-dimensional printing of a low-melting-point metal includes the steps of:
s1: and slicing the three-dimensional model in layers, and paving material powder of the low-melting-point metal on a forming platform by a powder paving device according to the layering data.
Specifically, a three-dimensional model to be printed is led into a three-dimensional printing system, the three-dimensional model is sliced in layers according to a preset program, and then a powder paving device paves material powder of low-melting-point metal on a forming platform according to layered data. In the embodiments of the present application, the low melting point metal is a metal material having a melting point lower than 700 ℃, and includes, but is not limited to, zinc alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, and other metal materials.
S2: and the laser emits laser to scan the material powder for the first time to form a printing layer, and the power of the laser is 50-200W.
Specifically, the scanning speed of the laser is 100-1000m/s, and the scanning interval is 0.01-0.1mm. The scanning speed of laser and the power phase-match of laser, the power is higher, and scanning speed is faster to reduce the laser energy that material powder received in unit area, reduce to appear the material vaporization evaporation, produce the problem of a large amount of smoke and dust.
S3: and the laser emits laser to perform secondary scanning on the printing layer.
Specifically, the laser power is 50-200W in each scanning of the laser, and the energy density of the laser is lower than the standard printing energy density of the material powder. When the material powder is subjected to laser sintering once to form a printing layer, the laser energy irradiated in unit length is called the standard printing energy density of the material powder, and can be calculated according to parameters such as the power of laser, scanning speed, scanning interval, thickness of the printing layer and the like.
The laser power for the first scanning is equal to the laser power for the second scanning, or the laser power for the first scanning is greater than or less than the laser power for the second scanning.
S4: the surface condition of the printed layer is detected.
Specifically, the detection criterion was that the surface of the printed layer had a metallic luster and no ablation marks. The detection process can be completed manually or can be realized by visual detection equipment.
S5: if the detection is passed, another layer of material powder is paved on the printing layer by the powder paving device, and then the step S2 is repeated to form a new printing layer, so that the layer-by-layer accumulation of the printing layer is realized.
Specifically, before laying new material powder, the method further comprises a step S5', judging whether a printing layer is a top layer structure of the three-dimensional model, if so, finishing printing, and if not, entering the step S5, and laying new material powder on the formed printing layer.
S6: and if the material powder does not pass the detection, the laser emits laser to carry out third scanning or multiple scanning on the printing layer, the step S4 is repeated, the surface condition of the printing layer is detected, and whether new material powder can be paved or not is judged.
Specifically, the laser power for the third scanning is equal to, greater than, or less than the laser power for the first scanning. Or the laser power for performing the third scanning is equal to, or greater than, or less than the laser power for performing the second scanning.
If the surface of the printing layer is detected after the third scanning and does not reach the sintering completion requirement, the printing layer continues to carry out the fourth and fifth scanning. From the second scanning, the detection process can be carried out after the printing layer carries out laser scanning each time, so that the parameters of the next laser scanning can be adjusted in time, and the printing quality of the low-melting-point metal is improved.
In other embodiments, the number of times of scanning the printing layer may also be set in a preset program, and the number of times of scanning may be 1-5 times, or more than five times of scanning according to actual needs. The laser scans the printing layer for a preset number of times according to preset parameters, and the detection process of the surface condition of the printing layer can be carried out after single scanning or after multiple times of scanning. The power of each laser scanning can be gradually increased or decreased according to a certain proportionality coefficient so as to realize reasonable input of laser energy density and reduce the problems of material gasification and excessive ablation on the surface of a printing layer. The proportionality coefficient can be set according to actual needs.
According to the three-dimensional printing method, each printing layer is scanned at least twice through low-power laser, the reasonable input of laser energy density is controlled, the powder can be melted by the energy received by the material of the low-melting-point metal, but the powder is not gasified enough, so that the printing quality and the success rate of the low-melting-point metal are effectively improved, and the printing size precision is ensured.
In one embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, in the first scan, the laser scanning path is parallel to the first direction, the first direction may be a horizontal direction, as indicated by arrow a in fig. 2. In the second scanning, the laser scanning path is parallel to the second direction, the included angle between the second direction and the first direction on the surface of the printing layer is an acute angle, and the second direction is the direction indicated by the arrow B in fig. 2. Furthermore, in the process of scanning the same printing layer for multiple times, the scanning path of each laser scanning can deflect at the same or different angles, so that the material powder can be fully melted, the material powder is not excessively ablated, and the printing quality is further ensured. In other embodiments, the scan path of the multiple laser scans may also be the same in order to improve printing efficiency.
When the workpiece to be printed is in a porous structure, the laser controls the laser to scan the solid area on the printing layer according to the slice information of the porous structure in each laser scanning process, the pore area is not scanned, and is accumulated layer by layer along with the printing layer, so that a workpiece with a porous structure is formed, the manufacturing difficulty of the workpiece with the porous structure is reduced, and the precision of the workpiece is ensured.
In one embodiment of the present application, the surface condition of the printing layer may be detected by first taking a picture of the surface of the printing layer through a camera, and then analyzing and detecting the surface of the printing layer displayed by the imaging result through a visual detection system. The analysis mode may be to first determine whether an excessive ablation area, such as a black dot, is present on the surface of the printing layer, and if the excessive ablation area is present, the printing fails, and the detection device sends out an alarm message to stop the printing process. And if the excessive ablation area does not exist, judging whether the surface of the printing layer meets the standard requirement or not, and feeding back the judging structure to the laser. The judgment mode can be that the gray value is calculated according to the imaging result, the relative error comparison is carried out on the gray value and the standard value, if the relative error value is less than or equal to a preset value, the surface condition of the printing layer is in accordance with the standard requirement, the printing layer passes through the detection, the next scanning is not needed, and new material powder can be laid on the existing printing layer. If the relative error value is larger than the preset value, the surface condition of the printing layer does not accord with the standard requirement, the printing layer needs to be subjected to next laser scanning, and the laser scanning power is equal to, or larger than or smaller than the laser power of the first scanning.
Further, the laser may adjust the output power of the laser according to the relative error value of the gray value before the next laser scanning. If the relative error value is larger than a threshold value, the laser power of the next scanning is increased, and if the relative error value is smaller than the threshold value, the laser power of the next scanning is decreased.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application further provides a three-dimensional printing apparatus 100 having a three-dimensional forming system therein. For applying the above-described embodiments the three-dimensional printing method. The three-dimensional printing device comprises a controller 10, a powder laying device 20, a laser 30 and a detector 40. The controller 10 is electrically connected to the powder laying device 20, the laser 30 and the detector 40. The controller 10 controls the powder laying device 20 to lay the material powder of the low-melting-point metal on the forming platform according to the slice data of the three-dimensional model, the laser 30 is controlled to emit laser light to scan the material powder at least twice with a laser power of 50-200W to form a printed layer. The detector 40 is used for detecting the surface condition of the printed layer after at least two scans, and feeding back imaging information to the controller 10. And the controller 10 controls the laser 30 to scan the printing layer again according to the detection result, or controls the powder spreading device 20 to spread new material powder on the formed printing layer. Specifically, the controller 10 compares the gray value relative error of the image returned by the detector 40, and if the relative error value is greater than the preset value, the controller 10 controls the laser 30 to perform the next scanning, and the laser power of the second scanning is equal to, greater than, or less than the laser power of the first scanning; on the contrary, if the relative error value of the gray value comparison is smaller than the preset value, the condition of the printing layer is in accordance with the standard requirement, and the controller 10 controls the powder paving device 20 to pave the new material powder. The controller 10 may also adjust the laser power output by the laser 30 according to the detection result when the laser 30 scans the printed layer again.
Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional printing method of a low melting point metal, characterized by comprising the steps of:
slicing the three-dimensional model in layers, and paving material powder of low-melting-point metal on a forming platform by a powder paving device according to layering data;
the laser emits laser to scan the material powder for the first time to form a printing layer, and the power of the laser is 50-200W;
the laser emits laser to perform secondary scanning on the printing layer;
detecting a surface condition of the printed layer;
if the detection is passed, the powder paving device paves another layer of material powder on the printing layer;
and if the detection fails, the laser emits laser to carry out third scanning or multiple times of scanning on the printing layer.
2. The three-dimensional printing method according to claim 1, wherein the laser power for performing the second scan is equal to, greater than, or less than the laser power for performing the first scan.
3. The three-dimensional printing method according to claim 2, wherein the laser power for performing the third scan is equal to, greater than, or less than the laser power for performing the first scan.
4. The three-dimensional printing method of claim 2, wherein the laser power for performing the third scan is equal to the laser power for performing the second scan.
5. The three-dimensional printing method according to claim 1, wherein the laser scanning path of the first scanning is parallel to a first direction, the laser scanning path of the second scanning is parallel to a second direction, and an included angle between the first direction and the second direction on the surface of the printing layer is an acute angle.
6. The three-dimensional printing method according to claim 1, wherein the scanning paths of the first scan, the second scan, and the third scan are the same.
7. The three-dimensional printing method according to claim 1, wherein the scanning speed of the laser is 100 to 1000mm/s and the scanning pitch is 0.01 to 0.1mm in each scanning.
8. The three-dimensional printing method of claim 1, wherein said detecting a surface condition of the printed layer comprises:
photographing the surface of the printing layer;
the visual detection system judges whether the surface of the printing layer has an excessive ablation area;
and if the excessive ablation area does not appear, the visual detection system further judges whether the surface state of the printing layer meets the standard requirement.
9. The three-dimensional printing method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
and the laser adjusts the output power of the laser according to the detection structure of the surface condition of the printing layer.
10. A three-dimensional printing device, wherein the three-dimensional printing device is used for applying the three-dimensional printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the three-dimensional printing device comprises a controller, a powder laying device, a laser and a detector, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the powder laying device, the laser and the detector; the controller is used for controlling the powder paving device to pave the material powder of the low-melting-point metal on the forming platform according to the slicing data of the three-dimensional model, and the laser is used for emitting laser to scan the material powder at least twice so as to form a printing layer; the detector is used for detecting the surface condition of the printing layer and feeding back information to the controller.
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| CN202110343271.7A CN115138862A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Three-dimensional printing method and device for low-melting-point metal |
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| CN202110343271.7A CN115138862A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Three-dimensional printing method and device for low-melting-point metal |
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| CN117282986A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-26 | 之江实验室 | Printing method for regulating and controlling wear resistance of sole of robot through directional texture and workpiece |
| CN117282986B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-05-10 | 之江实验室 | Printing method for regulating and controlling wear resistance of sole of robot through directional texture and workpiece |
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