WO2021000446A1 - 车辆或车辆部件表面处理装置 - Google Patents

车辆或车辆部件表面处理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021000446A1
WO2021000446A1 PCT/CN2019/110877 CN2019110877W WO2021000446A1 WO 2021000446 A1 WO2021000446 A1 WO 2021000446A1 CN 2019110877 W CN2019110877 W CN 2019110877W WO 2021000446 A1 WO2021000446 A1 WO 2021000446A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trolley
path
along
chain drive
treatment
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/110877
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
仇云杰
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江苏长虹智能装备股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021000446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021000446A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G49/00—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B65G49/02—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G49/00—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B65G49/02—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid
    • B65G49/04—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction
    • B65G49/0409—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction specially adapted for workpieces of definite length
    • B65G49/0436—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction specially adapted for workpieces of definite length arrangements for conveyance from bath to bath
    • B65G49/044—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction specially adapted for workpieces of definite length arrangements for conveyance from bath to bath along a continuous circuit
    • B65G49/045—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction specially adapted for workpieces of definite length arrangements for conveyance from bath to bath along a continuous circuit the circuit being fixed
    • B65G49/0454—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction specially adapted for workpieces of definite length arrangements for conveyance from bath to bath along a continuous circuit the circuit being fixed by means of containers -or workpieces- carriers
    • B65G49/0463—Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid the workpieces being immersed and withdrawn by movement in a vertical direction specially adapted for workpieces of definite length arrangements for conveyance from bath to bath along a continuous circuit the circuit being fixed by means of containers -or workpieces- carriers movement in a vertical direction is caused by lifting means or fixed or adjustable guiding means located at the bath area
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
    • B65G2201/02—Articles
    • B65G2201/0294—Vehicle bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surface treatment device for parts according to the preamble of claim 1, especially for surface treatment of vehicles or vehicle parts.
  • vehicle is closely related to the world of the automotive industry. According to an exemplary and non-exhaustive list, the term “vehicle” refers to agricultural machinery such as automobiles, vans, trucks, passenger cabins, tractors, bulldozers, etc. .
  • the individual treatment of the vehicle structure depends on the production specifications of each car manufacturer.
  • the vehicle production plant is equipped with a production line, including several treatment tanks arranged in succession between them.
  • the inside of the treatment tank contains a specific treatment bath, and the vehicle structure must be immersed in Into the treatment liquid for specific treatment.
  • the production line of motor vehicles consists of about 13 treatment tanks and forms part of the factory, into which the vehicle structure to be treated must enter.
  • each vehicle should be firmly supported and fixed on a trolley, called a trolley in jargon, that moves along a specific moving route and is immersed in the processing tank. .
  • this type of circuit provides a chain drive system, when needed, when each trolley supports the vehicle to be processed, they are hooked to the system every time. Therefore, this type of processing line has a very obvious advantage, that is, only the trolleys of the vehicle structure that move along the drive chain are transported, so as to avoid all kinds of empty trolleys from being immersed in the processing tank, that is, there is no structure of the vehicle to be processed. Because of this feature, this type of factory is usually called "power&free".
  • each factory In addition to providing conveyor chains for trolleys and a series of processing tanks, each factory must provide a station upstream to load/hook the trolleys when transporting the vehicles to be processed, and a station downstream to unload the chain On the trolley, so that each trolley moves forward, and the corresponding processed car moves to the subsequent line.
  • the chain of the above-mentioned accumulation type factory provides a hook integrated with the chain for joining a specific trolley at the upstream station and releasing the same trolley at the downstream station.
  • the trolley used to support and move the vehicle structure to be processed is always engaged with two horizontal guide chains, which are installed in The two sides of the trolley perform synchronous movement.
  • the above-mentioned trolley includes a first part and a second rotating part, wherein the first part is integrally connected with the side drive and the guide chain, and the second rotating part can rotate relative to the first part around a rotation axis perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the chain, And lies in a plane parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the second rotating part of the trolley has a Desmodromic engaging part in the cam extending longitudinally along the advancing path of the trolley, and has such a stroke, for example, that the rotating part of the trolley rotates 180° with respect to the fixed part of the processing tank below, and in a specific trolley Before being located outside the edge of the outlet of the lower processing tank, perform a further 180° rotation (in the same direction or in the opposite direction), for example, to return the second rotating part of the trolley to the initial angular position.
  • the second rotating part of each trolley will rotate 180° at each processing tank, for example, the structure of the vehicle to be processed and transported is reversed and then rotated and immersed.
  • the path of the cam will cause the same amplitude rotation as the second rotating part of the cart, thereby avoiding interference between the structure of the vehicle to be treated and the treatment tank itself.
  • a device for surface treatment of vehicle parts, etc. to include as much as possible a longitudinally extending processing tank, which contains the processing liquid for processing the vehicle structure, and at the same time only when the vehicle is transported When the vehicle structure to be processed is actually transported, the moving transport trolley is allowed to be immersed in the processing liquid in the processing tank.
  • the fundamental problem of the present invention is to design a device for processing the surface of the above-mentioned component, which has the structural and functional characteristics that meet the above-mentioned requirements while eliminating the defects related to the known technology.
  • the component surface treatment device according to claim 1 solves the problem.
  • Figure 1 is an overall view of a device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 and 3 are two different views of a part of the processing path of the device in FIG. 1 from two different angles;
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal plan view of the processing path of the device in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a horizontal plan view of the processing path of the device in Figure 1, where the vehicle structure is at a higher position relative to the height of the processing tank;
  • Figure 5a is a detailed plan view of the joystick with two arms in Figure 5;
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the processing path of the device in Figure 1, in which the vehicle structure is in an overturned position in the processing tank;
  • Figure 6a is a detailed plan view of the joystick with two arms in Figure 6;
  • Figure 7 is a partial longitudinal view of the processing path of the device in Figure 1, the position of which is obtained by the structure of the transport vehicle relative to the processing tank;
  • Figure 8 is a partial longitudinal view of the processing path of the device in Figure 1, in which the vehicle structure is in an overturned position in the processing tank and shows the movement track, followed by the two joysticks in Figures 5a and 6a after interacting with the cam element The free end of the arm;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the processing path of the device in FIG. 1, in which the vehicle structure is in an overturned position in the processing tank;
  • Figure 9a is a detailed plan view of the cross with four arms in Figure 9;
  • Figure 10 is a partial longitudinal view of the processing path of the device in Figure 1, in which the vehicle structure is in an overturned position in the processing tank, and shows the movement trajectory, followed by the freedom of the arm of the cross in Figure 9a after interacting with the cam element end;
  • Figure 11 is a simplified perspective view of a part of the processing path of the device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial longitudinal view of the processing path of the device in FIG. 11, the position of which is obtained by the structure of the transportation vehicle relative to the processing tank;
  • FIG. 13 is a horizontal plan view of the processing path of the device in FIG. 1, the vehicle structure is at a higher position relative to the height of the processing tank;
  • Figure 13a is a plan view of the details of the joystick with two arms in Figure 13;
  • Figure 14 is a simplified perspective view of the details of the device in Figure 11, after unloading the transport vehicle structure, the trolley at the exit of the processing path changes from horizontal movement to vertical movement;
  • Figure 15 is a simplified perspective view of a device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a partial clear perspective view of the processing path of the device in Figure 15;
  • FIG 17 is a simplified perspective view of the details of the device in Figure 15. After unloading the transport vehicle structure, the trolley at the exit of the processing path changes from horizontal movement to vertical movement;
  • FIG. 18 is a horizontal plan view of the processing path of the device in FIG. 15, in terms of the height of the processing tank, the vehicle structure is at a higher position relative to the height of the processing tank;
  • Figure 18a is a plan view of the details of the joystick with two arms in Figure 18;
  • Fig. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view of the processing path of the device in Fig. 15, with the vehicle structure in an overturned position in the processing tank;
  • FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view of the processing path of the device in FIG. 15, the vehicle structure is at a higher position relative to the height of the processing tank;
  • Figure 20a is a plan view of the detail of the cross with four arms in Figure 20;
  • Fig. 21 is a partial longitudinal view of the processing path of the device in Fig. 15, in the form of a cross with four arms in Figs. 20 and 20a, the position of which is obtained by the structure of the conveying vehicle relative to the processing tank.
  • FIGS. 1 to 21, 1 shows the device for surface treatment of parts according to the present invention as a whole, in particular, a device for treating the surface of a vehicle through a complete entry treatment in a treatment tank containing a treatment liquid.
  • the device 1 for surface treatment of parts includes:
  • Two or more treatment tanks 2, usually 13 (it should be noted that for the sake of simplicity, the number of treatment tanks is reduced in the figure), including treatment liquids placed in series with each other along the path P, used to treat vehicles Structure V;
  • the first chain drive device 4 moves the trolley 3 forward along the path P, and moves the trolley 3 from the upstream station 6 to the downstream station 7 in the longitudinal direction XX, and the upstream station 6 and the downstream station 7 move from the Path P input and output carts;
  • the second driving device the mobile trolley 3 returns from the downstream station 7 to the upstream station 6.
  • the treatment tank 2 includes opposite longitudinal sides 2a and opposite transverse sides (or head ends) 2b, which extend longitudinally along the path P and extend transversely to the path p, respectively.
  • the aforementioned path P used to process the vehicle structure is usually also called a channel or a working channel, even if there is no blocking element suitable for identifying an effective closed channel that is only opened at the end of the head.
  • the above trolley 3 is:
  • the selective engagement of the trolley 3 with the first chain drive device 4 occurs at the upstream station 6.
  • the trolley loaded with the vehicle structure V to be processed enters the input station located upstream to engage with the first chain drive device 4, which usually keeps moving according to a closed loop path, where the downstream station 7
  • the forward branch and the return branch are recognized between the upstream station 6 and the upstream station 6.
  • each trolley 3 includes:
  • the first part 3a which identifies the first part of the trolley, can be integrally engaged with the above-mentioned first chain drive device 4 during translation, and
  • the second part 3b which identifies the second part of the trolley, extends along the transverse direction YY to the longitudinal direction XX when traveling along the path P, and is integrally connected to the trolley in a rotating manner through the first hinge device 8.
  • the first part 3a is integrally connected to the trolley in a rotating manner through the first hinge device 8.
  • the above-mentioned second part 3b is a part of the trolley 3 and is suitable for hooking, supporting and transporting the vehicle structure V to be processed, and
  • the above-mentioned first hinge device 8 allows the second part 3b to rotate relative to the first part 3a about a transverse rotation axis extending in the transverse direction y-y.
  • the device 1 includes a reverse support and a sliding rail 9 extending axially along the path P, close to the upper end of the longitudinal side 2a of the processing tank 2 to support and/or guide the opposite lateral end 10 of the trolley 3 .
  • each trolley must be stably supported at its opposite lateral end, that is, the opposite end of the trolley must be stably supported for the entire section of the path P in the transverse Y-Y direction.
  • the second part 3b of the trolley 3 includes a part 12 which meshes with a cam-slider-coupling with a cam element 11 in the part of the path P mentioned above, and the cam element 11 is along the The path p is arranged.
  • cam-slider engagement is realized between the above-mentioned portion 12 and the cam 11 arranged along the above-mentioned path p, so that the trolley corresponding to one or more processing slots 2 is completely rotated.
  • the first 180° inclination (reversal) around the transverse rotation axis of the second part 3b of the trolley 3 is turned over corresponding to the initial part of the treatment tank 2, and
  • the second 180° inclination (reversal) around the lateral rotation axis of the second part 3b of the trolley 3 corresponds to the last part of the treatment tank 2 to be turned over.
  • the forward direction of the trolley 3 is determined.
  • cam element 11 is located at the opposite lateral side 2b of the treatment tank 2, wherein the trolley 3 and the related vehicle structure V connected and transported must be inverted and completely immersed in the treatment liquid of the treatment tank 2.
  • the relative entrance end is identified with reference to the advancing direction of the trolley 3 along the path P, so the turning of the trolley entering and exiting the processing tank 2 can be The longitudinal length of the processing tank 2 is accommodated.
  • the aforementioned part 12 of the second part 3b of the trolley 3 includes a manipulation A lever, the joystick has two opposing arms, one extending in the other arm.
  • the middle part of the joystick 12 is connected with the second part 3b of each trolley 3 in an integral rotating manner, so the joystick 12 rotates around the rotation axis extending along the transverse Y-Y, so that the second part 3b of the trolley rotates uniformly.
  • the free ends I and II of the aforementioned opposing arms of the joystick 12 are elements for identifying a slider, which is adapted to engage the aforementioned cam elements 11 arranged along the path P, and guided by them, so that the joystick Rotate around a rotation axis extending in the lateral direction YY.
  • curves I and II respectively represent the points reached by the ends I and II during the advancement of the path P corresponding to the processing tank 2, as described above, and determine the complete rotation of the second part 3a of the trolley 3 around the lateral rotation axis YY .
  • the above-mentioned part 12 of the second part 3b of the trolley 3 includes a four-armed cross, the central part of which is integral with the second part 3b of the trolley 3 Rotational connection, so rotation around a rotation axis extending in the transverse YY direction results in uniform rotation of the second part 3b of the trolley.
  • the free ends I, II, III, and IV of the four arms of the above-mentioned cross 12 are elements for identifying sliders, which are adapted to engage cam elements 11 arranged along the path P, and are guided by them to make the manipulation The rod rotates around a rotation axis extending in the transverse direction YY.
  • curves I, II, III, and IV respectively indicate the points passed by the ends I, II, III, and IV during the advancing process along the path P corresponding to the processing tank 2, as described above, and determine the position of the trolley 3
  • the second part 3a is fully rotated around the lateral rotation axis YY.
  • the free ends I, II, III, and IV of the arms of the joystick 12 or the cross 12 provide a rotating device to cause rotation without using the aforementioned cam element 11 to slide the aforementioned free end.
  • part 12 of the second part 3b of the trolley 3 is in the shape of a joystick or a cross (as described above), depending on the specific requirements to be met, both embodiments can be implemented in the three different implementations described below Realized in the example.
  • the above-mentioned first chain drive device 4 extends in the following manner:
  • the first part 3a of the trolley 3 includes an arm extending downward from the first chain drive device 4 to the second part 3b of the trolley 3, preferably to the first part 3a One of two opposite lateral ends.
  • the above-mentioned first chain drive device 4 extends in the following manner:
  • the position substantially aligned with the longitudinal center line of the above-mentioned processing tank 2 or at the maximum deviation of the distance, for example, does not exceed the vertical line passing through the longitudinal side 2a of the processing tank 2.
  • the first part 3a of the trolley 3 includes an arm extending laterally and downwardly from the first chain driving device 4 to the second part 3b of the trolley 3.
  • the above-mentioned first chain drive device 4 extends in the following manner:
  • the first part 3a of each trolley 3 includes an arm extending from the first chain drive device 4 to the second part 3b of the trolley 3.
  • the aforementioned first chain driving device 4 includes a single chain adapted to selectively engage parts of the first trolley 3 to move them along the first branch of the path.
  • the second drive device for returning the trolley 3 from the downstream station 7 to the upstream station 6 comprises a return branch of the first chain drive device 4 extending from the downstream station 7 to the upstream station 6.
  • a different second driving device for moving the trolley 3 during the return operation from the downstream station 7 to the upstream station 6 may be provided, for example, a friction conveyor or other means of transportation may be provided. If the return branch of the first chain drive device 4 is optimized, this alternative embodiment can be used to limit the overall size of the device. Obviously, such a purpose is not always possible. The task of returning the trolley 3 from the downstream station 7 to the upstream station 6.
  • the first part 3a of the aforementioned trolley 3 includes:
  • the second hinge device 13 allows the part of the downstream arm of the second hinge device 13 to rotate about the vertical axis Z-Z relative to the part of the arm closest to the first chain drive device 4, and/or
  • the third hinge device 14 allows the part of the downstream arm of the third hinge device 14 to rotate relative to the horizontal axis with respect to the part of the upstream arm closest to the first chain drive device 4.
  • the device according to the present invention provides a single-chain transport system, which can be side (right or left) or center relative to the treatment tank, and is in a low, middle or high position relative to the upper end of the treatment tank, for
  • the movement direction of the processing path is the movement of the trolley with the axis of rotation transverse to the direction of travel of the trolley.
  • the axis of rotation perpendicular to the advancing direction of the trolley allows the input and output of the processing path to move from the second part of the trolley to the first part from vertical to horizontal. Vertical rotation.
  • each trolley can move to make its own rotation axis from a small vertical position (where the return Move, as shown in Figures 1, 13, 14, 15 and 17) to a horizontal position transverse to the direction of advancement, the trolley is ready to load the vehicle structure V, first starts along the aforementioned path P, supported by the relative bracket and the slide rail 9 . Once this configuration is reached, after loading the frame structure of the vehicle to be processed, the cart is inserted in a straight line along the processing path P described above.
  • each vehicle structure V can be directly fixed on each trolley 3.
  • the vehicle structure V is arranged in a known manner, with suitable holes suitable for the engagement of an eccentric device, and the trolley 3 is provided with an eccentric device. These eccentric devices are inserted into the above-mentioned holes, so that each vehicle structure V is firmly locked on each trolley 3.
  • the vehicle structure V to be processed may have been fixed on the moving skateboards, and these skateboards are hooked and fixed to the trolleys 3 in turn.
  • each trolley will leave its respective vehicle structure P, be transported in the unloading area defined by the downstream station 7, and then rotate in the aforementioned lower vertical position.
  • the device for surface treatment of parts according to the present invention especially by completely immersing in the treatment liquid contained in the treatment tank to treat the vehicle structure, can meet the above requirements and at the same time overcome the relative current There are disadvantages involved in the introduction section of the technology.
  • the device according to the present invention can minimize the longitudinal extension of the treatment tank containing the treatment liquid of the vehicle structure while moving it only when the transport trolley actually transports the vehicle structure to be processed.
  • the further advantages of the device in the invention are simple structure, suitable for long-time operation, easy maintenance, and low manufacturing cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

一种通过完全浸入处理槽（2）所包含的处理液中对车辆结构（V）进行表面处理的装置（1），其包括多个小车（3），多个小车（3）通过链条驱动装置（4）沿处理路径（P）移动，所述小车可选择性地与所述链条驱动装置（4）钩接啮合，由沿所述路径（P）延伸的反向支撑和滑轨（9）支撑，并具有与带有凸轮元件（11）的凸轮滑块联轴器啮合的部分（12），凸轮元件（11）沿所述路径（P）布置，从而确定所述小车在处理槽（2）处围绕横向旋转轴的完全旋转。

Description

车辆或车辆部件表面处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的部件的表面处理装置，尤其用于车辆或车辆部件的表面处理。
背景技术
在本发明范围之内，术语“车辆”与汽车行业的世界密切相关，根据示例性和非详尽性列举，术语“车辆”指的是汽车、面包车、卡车、客舱、拖拉机等农业机械、推土机等。
为了便于说明，本说明书采用非限制方式进行，尤其是涉及汽车和与车身、车身底盘或汽车其他结构部件的表面处理相关的问题，下文均简称为“车辆结构”。
在汽车生产领域，会对车身、底盘和其他结构部件进行多种处理，如冲洗、脱脂、活化剂处理、磷化剂处理、钝化处理、电泳处理以及超滤处理等。
对车辆结构进行单独处理取决于每个汽车制造商的生产规范。
无论如何，虽然上述处理，如脱脂喷涂，需要使用喷涂技术，但大多数的处理，如脱脂、磷化和电泳等方法，必须将车辆结构完全浸入处理槽中。
为此，车辆的生产工厂配备生产线，包括在它们之间连续布置的数个处理槽(treatment tank)，在所述处理槽的内部包含有特定的处理液(treatment bath)，必须将车辆结构浸入到处理液中进行特定处理。
通常而言，机动车辆的生产线由约13个处理槽构成并组成工厂的一部分，待处理的车辆结构必须进入其中。
为此，为了处理每辆车的结构部件，规定每辆车都应牢固的支撑并固定在运输小车(trolley)上，行话称为小车，沿着特定的移动路线运动并且自身浸在处理槽中。
根据车辆结构部件的第一类处理线路，这类线路提供链条驱动系统，当需要时，当每个小车支撑待处理的车辆时，它们每次都钩接到该系统上。因 此，这类处理线路有着非常明显的优势，即只有运输沿着驱动链条运动的车辆结构的小车，从而避免各种空的小车浸入处理槽中，即没有待处理的车辆的结构。正是由于这一特性，这种类型的工厂通常称为“积放式(power&free)”。
除了为小车和一系列处理槽提供输送链之外，每个工厂必须在上游提供一个站，以便在运送待处理的车辆时装载/钩接小车，以及在下游提供一个站，用来卸下链条上的小车，以使每个小车向前移动，相应的被处理的汽车向后续的线路移动。
此外，应当注意的是，上述积放式工厂的链条提供了与链条一体化的挂钩，用于在上游站接合特定的小车，以及在下游站释放同一小车。
这类工厂虽然很普遍，但是也存在缺点，考虑到单个处理槽的尺寸则需要很大的线路。事实上，为实现小车以及处理槽中相应机动车辆的浸入，必须降低链条和小车的整体驱动和支撑线，这仅可在处理槽前面实现，处理槽在入口处提供一个下降的斜坡，在出口处提供一个适当的反向出口斜坡。在这方面，考虑到使用的倾斜角度为28°-45°，相应的降低高度为1m甚至更多。应当指出的是，如果处理槽的入口和出口的斜坡很长会使得处理槽的长度大大增加，并且处理槽的体积也大大增加。
作为上述积放式处理工厂的替代方案，目前仅开发并提出了功率型设备，其中用于支撑和移动待处理车辆结构的小车总是与两条横向导链啮合，两条横向导链安装在小车的两边，进行同步运动。此外，上述小车包括第一部分和第二旋转部分，其中，第一部分与侧驱动和导链整体连接，第二旋转部分能够相对于所述的第一部分围绕垂直于链条纵向前进方向的旋转轴旋转，并位于平行于水平面的平面内。小车的第二旋转部分在沿着小车前进路径纵向延伸的凸轮中具有Desmodromic啮合部件，并具有这样的行程，例如使小车的旋转部分相对于下面处理槽的固定部分旋转180°，以及在特定小车位于下面处理槽出口边缘之外之前，进行180°的进一步旋转(同一方向或相反方向)，例如使小车的第二旋转部分回到初始角度位置。
大体而言，考虑到上述的功率型的设备，每个小车的第二旋转部分会在 每个处理槽处旋转180°，例如使要处理和运输的车辆结构发生反转并随之旋转浸入。显然，如上所述，在小车本身完全超过处理槽出口边缘之前，凸轮的路径会导致与小车的第二旋转部分的相同的振幅旋转，从而避免待处理车辆结构与处理槽本身之间的干扰。
与积放式工厂相比，虽然上述功率型设备减少了处理槽的范围从而减少了体积，但是这取决于入口和出口部分不再需要倾斜，然而值得强调的是，这些设备并非在任何情况下都没有缺点。
首先，我们强调了能够以同步方式操作两个链条的问题，即使两条链条的网孔之间存在不同的磨损，从而避免在小车前进过程中发生堵塞的风险。
上述功率型设备的另一个缺点是，小车提前与链条整合在一起，因此即使小车没有携带任何车身外壳也被浸入到处理槽的处理液中。
发明内容
因此鉴于上述情况，很明显现在急需一种对车辆部件等进行表面处理的装置，以尽可能的包含纵向延伸的处理槽，该处理槽容纳处理车辆结构的处理液，同时仅当车辆的运输小车实际运输待处理的车辆结构时，才允许移动的运输小车浸入到处理槽的处理液中。
本发明根本的问题是设计一种处理上述部件表面的装置，该装置具有满足上述要求的结构和功能特性，同时消除了与已知技术相关的缺陷。
根据权利要求1的部件表面处理装置解决了所述问题。
附图说明
根据本发明的部件表面处理装置的更多特性和优点可从参照附图的以下一些优选实施例的说明中变得显而易见，所述实施例是非限制性的，其中：
图1为根据本发明的第一实施例的装置的整体视图；
图2和图3是从两个不同的角度对图1中装置的处理路径的一部分的两个不同的视图；
图4是图1中装置的处理路径的纵向平面图；
图5是图1中装置处理路径的横向平面图，车辆结构相对于处理槽的高 度处于较高位置；
图5a是图5中带有两个臂的操纵杆的详情平面视图；
图6是图1中装置的处理路径的部分横截面视图，其中车辆结构在处理槽内处于翻转的位置；
图6a是图6中带有两个臂的操纵杆的详情平面视图；
图7是图1中装置处理路径的部分纵向视图，其位置由运输车辆相对于处理槽的结构获取；
图8是图1中装置处理路径的部分纵向视图，其中车辆结构在处理槽内处于翻转的位置，并显示移动轨迹，接着是与凸轮元件相互作用之后的图5a和6a中操纵杆的两个臂的自由端；
图9是图1中装置处理路径的部分横截面视图，其中车辆结构在处理槽内处于翻转的位置；
图9a是图9中带有四个臂的十字架的细节的平面图；
图10是图1中装置的处理路径的部分纵向视图，其中车辆结构在处理槽内处于翻转的位置，并显示了移动轨迹，接着是与凸轮元件相互作用之后的图9a中十字架的臂的自由端；
图11是根据本发明第二个实施例的装置处理路径的一部分的简化透视图；
图12是图11中装置处理路径的部分纵向视图，其位置由运输车辆相对于处理槽的结构获取；
图13是图1中装置的处理路径的横向平面图，车辆结构相对于处理槽的高度处于较高位置；
图13a是图13中带有两个臂的操纵杆详情的平面视图；
图14是图11中装置细节的简化透视图，在卸载运输车辆结构后，在处理路径出口处的小车由水平移动变为垂直移动；
图15是根据本发明第三个实施例的装置的简化透视图；
图16是图15中装置处理路径的部分清晰透视图；
图17是图15中装置细节的简化透视图，在卸载运输车辆结构后,在处理 路径出口处的小车由水平移动变为垂直移动；
图18是图15中装置处理路径的横向平面图，就处理槽高度而言，车辆结构相对于处理槽的高度处于较高位置；
图18a是图18中带有两个臂的操纵杆详情的平面视图；
图19是图15中装置处理路径的部分横截面视图，车辆结构在处理槽内处于翻转的位置；
图20是图15中装置处理路径的部分横截面视图，车辆结构相对于处理槽的高度处于较高位置；
图20a是图20中带有四个臂的十字架细节的平面图；
图21是图15中装置处理路径的部分纵向视图，图20和图20a中带有四个臂的十字架的形式，其位置由运送的车辆相对于处理槽的结构获取。
具体实施方式
参考图1至图21，1在全局上表明根据该发明对部件进行表面处理的装置，特别是通过在包含处理液的处理槽中的完全进入处理来处理车辆表面的装置。
所述部件表面处理的装置1包括：
两个以上的处理槽2，通常为13个(应当指出，为了简单起见，在附图中显示了减少的处理槽的数量)，包含沿着路径P彼此串联放置的处理液，用于处理车辆结构V；
多个小车3，其中每个小车都适合钩接、支撑和运输待处理的车辆结构V；
第一链条驱动装置4，将小车3沿所述路径P向前移动，以纵向前进方向X-X将小车3从上游站6移动到下游站7，所述上游站6和下游站7分别从所述路径P输入和输出小车；
第二驱动装置，移动小车3从下游站7返回到上游站6。
上述处理槽2包括相对的纵向侧边2a和相对的横向侧边(或是头端)2b，分别沿着路径P纵向延伸和横向延伸至所述路径p。
需指出的是，上述用于处理车辆结构的路径P，通常也称为通道或工作通道，即使没有适合识别仅在头部末端打开的有效封闭通道的封锁元件。
上述小车3是：
选择性地与所述上游站6中的第一链条驱动装置4钩接啮合，并在向前运行中沿着路径P移动，以及
根据目前的已知方法和已使用的积放式装置，可选择性的从上述第一链条驱动装置4的关联啮合中释放。
从以下的说明可明显看出，小车3与第一链条驱动装置4的选择性啮合发生在上游站6。实质上，必要时，装载待处理的车辆结构V的小车进入位于上游的输入站，从而与第一链条驱动装置4啮合，第一链条驱动装置4通常根据闭环路径保持运动，其中在下游站7和上游站6之间识别前进分支和返回分支。
优选地，每个小车3包括：
第一部3a，其识别小车的第一部分，可以在平移中与上述第一链条驱动装置4整体啮合，以及
第二部3b，其识别小车的第二个部分，在沿着上述路径P行进时，沿横向Y-Y延伸到上述纵向行进方向X-X，并通过第一铰链装置8以旋转的方式整体连接到小车的第一部3a。
需强调的是：
上述第二部3b是小车3的一部分，适用于钩接、支撑和运输待处理的车辆结构V，以及
上述第一铰链装置8允许第二部3b相对于第一部3a围绕在所述横向方向y-y延伸的横向旋转轴旋转。
优选地，装置1包括沿所述路径P轴向延伸的反向支撑和滑轨9，靠近上述处理槽2的纵向侧边2a的上端，以支撑和/或引导上述小车3的相对横向端10。
根据所示实施例，上述支撑和滑轨9彼此间隔开，以便相对于处理槽2的纵向侧边2a远离纵向中心线。这样，每个小车必须在其相对的横向端稳定 支撑，即小车的相对端在横向Y-Y方向上，对于其通过路径P的整个区段得到稳定支撑。
优选地，小车3的第二部3b包括部分12，该部分在上述路径P的部分中与带有凸轮元件11的凸轮滑块联轴器(cam-slider-coupling)啮合，凸轮元件11沿所述路径p布置。
在小车3沿着路径P前进期间，上述部分12和沿着上述路径p布置的凸轮11之间实现凸轮-滑块啮合，使得与一个或多个处理槽2相对应的小车完全旋转。
本质上，当接近处理槽2时，发生以下情况：
围绕小车3的第二部3b的横向旋转轴的第一个180°倾斜(反转)，与所述的处理槽2的初始部分相对应进行翻转，以及
围绕小车3的第二部3b的横向旋转轴的第二个180°倾斜(反转)，与所述的处理槽2的最后一部分相对应进行翻转，在这种情况下，根据沿着路径P的小车3的前进方向确定。
为此，上述凸轮元件11位于处理槽2的相对横向侧2b处，其中，必须将小车3与连接和运输的相关车辆结构V倒置，完全浸入处理槽2的处理液中。
事实上，由于不需要在处理槽的相对横向侧2b处提供入口和出口坡道，参考沿着路径P的小车3的前进方向识别相对入口端，因此进入和退出处理槽2的小车的翻转可容纳处理槽2的纵向长度。
根据实施例(例如，见图2、5、5a、6、6a、8、12、13、13a、14、16、17、18和18a)，小车3第二部3b的上述部分12包括一个操纵杆，该操纵杆具有两个相对的臂，一个在另一个臂中延伸。操纵杆12的中间部分与各小车3的第二部3b以整体旋转方式连接，因此操纵杆12围绕沿横向Y-Y延伸的旋转轴旋转，使得小车的第二部3b均匀旋转。操纵杆12的上述相对臂的自由端I和II是识别滑块(slider)的元件，该滑块适合啮合沿所述路径P布置的上述凸轮元件11，通过它们引导，以使所述操纵杆围绕在横向方向Y-Y延伸的旋转轴旋转。
图8中，曲线I和II分别表示在处理槽2对应的路径P的前进期间末端I和II到达的点，如上所述，并确定小车3的第二部3a围绕横向旋转轴Y-Y的完全旋转。
根据实施例(例如，见图9、9a、10、20、20a、21)，小车3的第二部3b的上述部分12包括四臂的十字架，其中心部分与小车3的第二部3b整体旋转连接，因此围绕在横向Y-Y方向上延伸的旋转轴的旋转导致小车第二部3b的均匀旋转。上述十字架12的四臂的自由端I、II、III和IV为识别滑块的元件，所述滑块适于啮合沿所述路径P布置的凸轮元件11，通过它们引导，以使所述操纵杆围绕在横向Y-Y延伸的旋转轴旋转。图10中，曲线I、II、III和IV分别表示在沿着与处理槽2对应的路径P的前进过程中末端I、II、III和IV经过的点，如上所述，并确定小车3的第二部3a围绕横向旋转轴Y-Y的完全旋转。
优选地，操纵杆12或十字架12的臂的自由端I、II、III和IV提供旋转装置以引起旋转，而无需使用上述凸轮元件11滑动上述自由端。
应注意的是，小车3的第二部3b的部分12呈操纵杆或十字形(如上所述)，取决于要满足的具体要求，这两个实施例都可以在下面描述的三个不同实施例中实现。
根据第一个实施例(见图1至7和9)，上述第一链条驱动装置4以下列方式延伸：
·沿着所述路径P，
·以比上述处理槽2的所述侧边2a、2b所达到的最大高度更高的水平，以及
·相对于上述处理槽2的纵向中心线处于侧向位置，优选地，相对于穿过所述处理槽2的纵向侧边2a的垂直线处于侧边位置或最为对齐。
根据第一个实施例，所述小车3的第一个部3a包含从第一链条驱动装置4向下延伸到小车3的第二部3b的臂，优选地，到所述第一部3a的两个相对的横向端中的一个。
根据第二个实施例(见图11至14)，上述第一链条驱动装置4以下列方 式延伸：
·沿着所述路径P，
·以比上述处理槽2的所述侧边2a、2b所达到的最大高度更高的水平，以及
基本上，与上述处理槽2的纵向中心线基本对齐的位置或在距离的最大偏移处，例如不超过穿过该处理槽2的纵向侧边2a的垂直线。
第三个实施例中，小车3的所述第一部3a包括从第一链条驱动装置4横向和向下延伸到所述小车3的第二部3b的臂。
根据第三个实施例(见图15至21)，上述第一链条驱动装置4以下列方式延伸：
·沿着所述路径P，
·在与上述反向支撑和滑轨9的高度基本对应的高度上，以及
在侧面位置，其中，相对于所述处理槽2的纵向中心线更为外部，或者相对于穿过所述处理槽2的纵向侧边2a的垂直线更为对齐。
根据第二个实施例，每个小车3的第一部3a包括从第一链条驱动装置4延伸到小车3的第二部3b的臂。
优选地，上述第一链条驱动装置4包括一个单链，该单链适于选择性地接合所述第一小车3的部分以沿着所述路径的第一分支移动它们。
根据所展示的实施例，用于将小车3从下游站7返回至上游站6的第二驱动装置包括从下游站7延伸到上游站6的第一链条驱动装置4的返回分支。
或者，根据未展示的实施例，可以提供用于在从下游站7到上游站6的返回运行中移动小车3的不同的第二驱动装置，例如，提供摩擦输送机或其他运输方式。如果对上述第一链条驱动装置4的返回分支进行优化，则可用该替代实施例，以便限制该装置的整体尺寸，很明显，这样的目的并不总是可能实现的，还是赋予链条驱动装置4将小车3从下游站7返回到上游站6的任务。
根据该发明的装置1的优选实施例，上述小车3的第一部3a包括：
臂，沿着所述臂布置：
第二铰链装置13，相对于所述臂的最靠近第一链条驱动装置4的部分，允许第二铰链装置13的下游臂的部分围绕垂直轴Z-Z旋转，和/或
第三铰链装置14，相对于上游臂的最靠近第一链条驱动装置4的部分，允许第三铰链装置14的下游臂的部分相对于水平轴旋转。
以及机械装置(如，线性致动器或是气缸活塞组件等)，在下游站附近或出口处以及靠近或位于上游站的入口处，让每个小车的臂的部分围绕上述垂直轴Z-Z和/或水平轴旋转。
因此，根据本发明的装置提供了一种单链运输系统，相对于处理槽可以是侧面(右或左)或中央，相对于处理槽上端处于低、中或高位置，用于具有与沿着处理路径的移动方向横向的旋转轴的小车的移动，优选地，垂直于小车前进方向的旋转轴允许处理路径的输入和从其输出小车的第二部相对于第一部分别从垂直水平和水平到垂直的旋转。
在处理路径P的上游站6附近，由于上述机械装置的驱动(机械、电气或者气动)，每个小车都可移动，使其自身的旋转轴从垂直较小的位置(其中如所示的返回移动，如图1、13、14、15和17所示)转到横向于前进方向的水平位置，小车准备好装载车辆结构V，首先沿着上述路径P启动，由相对支架和滑轨9支撑。一旦达到此配置，装载待处理车辆框架结构之后，小车沿上述处理路径P成直线插入。
在小车3上的车辆结构V的装载区，优选地每个车辆结构V可直接固定在各小车3上。为此，车辆结构V以已知方式进行布置，带有适合于偏心装置接合的合适孔，小车3设置有偏心装置。将这些偏心装置插入上述孔中，使每个车辆结构V牢固地锁定在各小车3上。
或是，待处理的车辆结构V可能已经固定在运动滑板上，这些滑板依次钩住并固定在各小车3上。
类似地，一旦离开处理路径P，每辆小车将离开各自的车辆结构P，在下游站7确定的卸货区内运输，随后在上述较低的垂直位置上旋转。
从所说明的内容中可知，根据本发明的用于部件表面处理的装置，尤其是通过完全浸入处理槽所包含的处理液中来处理车辆结构，能够满足上述要 求并同时克服本说明相对于现有技术的介绍部分中涉及的缺点。
事实上，根据本发明的装置可以最小化容纳车辆结构的处理液的处理槽的纵向延伸，同时仅当运输小车实际运输待处理的车辆结构时才移动它。
该发明中此装置进一步的优点是结构简单，适合较长时间运行，且易于维护、制造成本低。
显然，为了满足特定的需求，该领域的专业人员可以根据上述内容对该装置做出一些变化和调整，但是所有的更改都应包含在该发明的保护范围内，如下述声明所述。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种部件的表面处理装置，通过完全浸入处理槽所包含的处理液中来处理车辆结构，所述装置(1)包括：
    两个以上的处理槽(2)，用于容纳沿着路径(P)彼此串联布置的处理液，用于处理车辆结构(V)，所述处理槽(2)包括相对的纵向侧边(2a)和相对的横向侧边(2b)，分别沿着路径(P)纵向延伸和横向延伸至所述路径p；
    多个小车(3)，每一个小车(3)适合钩接、支撑和运输待处理的车辆结构(V)；
    第一链条驱动装置(4)，将小车(3)沿所述路径(P)向前移动，以纵向前进方向(X-X)将小车(3)从上游站(6)移动到下游站(7)，所述上游站(6)和下游站(7)分别从所述路径(P)输入和输出小车；
    第二驱动装置，用于移动小车(3)从下游站(7)返回到上游站(6)；
    其中，所述小车(3)为：选择性地与上游站(6)中的第一链条驱动装置(4)钩接啮合，在向前运行中沿着所述路径(P)移动，和
    选择性地从与上述第一链条驱动装置(4)的关联啮合中释放，
    其特征在于：
    所述小车(3)包括：
    第一部(3a)，在平移中与第一链条驱动装置(4)整体啮合，和
    第二部(3b)，在沿着路径(P)行进时，沿横向方向(Y-Y)延伸到上述纵向行进方向(X-X)，并通过第一铰链装置(8)以旋转的方式整体连接到小车(3)的第一部(3a)，第一铰链装置(8)允许第二部(3b)相对于第一部(3a)围绕在所述横向方向(Y-Y)延伸的横向旋转轴旋转，小车(3)的第二部(3b)适合钩接、支撑和运输待处理的车辆结构(V)，
    所述装置包括沿路径(P)轴向延伸的反向支撑和滑轨(9)，靠近上述处理槽(2)的纵向侧边(2a)的上端，以支撑和/或引导上述小车(3)的相对横向端(10)，
    小车(3)的第二部(3b)包括部分(12)，部分(12)在上述路径(P)中与带有凸轮元件(11)的凸轮滑块联轴器啮合，凸轮元件(11)沿所述路 径(p)布置，在小车(3)沿着路径(P)前进期间，使得与一个或多个处理槽(2)相对应的小车(3)围绕在横向方向(Y-Y)延伸的横向旋转轴发生完全旋转，小车(3)的第二部(3b)的倾斜使由小车(3)的第二部(3b)钩接、支撑和运输的车辆结构(V)完全浸入下面处理槽(2)的处理液中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
    所述第一链条驱动装置(4)延伸：
    -沿所述路径(P)，
    -以比处理槽(2)的侧边(2a，2b)达到的最大高度更高的水平，
    -相对于处理槽(2)的纵向中心线的侧向位置，
    在每个小车(3)中，所述小车(3)的第一部(3a)包括从第一链条驱动装置(4)向下延伸到所述小车(3)的第二部(3b)的臂。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，
    第一链条驱动装置(4)相对于所述处理槽(2)的纵向中心线定位在更外部的位置或相对于穿过所述处理槽(2)的纵向侧边(2a)的垂直线最对齐的位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
    所述第一链条驱动装置(4)延伸：
    -沿所述路径(P)，
    -在与所述反向支撑和滑轨(9)的高度基本对应的高度上，和
    -处于侧向位置，其中，相对于所述处理槽(2)的纵向中心线更为外部，或者相对于穿过所述处理槽(2)的纵向侧边(2a)的垂直线更为对齐，
    在每个小车(3)中，所述小车(3)的第一部(3a)包括从第一链条驱动装置(4)向下延伸到所述小车(3)的第二部(3b)的臂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
    所述第一链条驱动装置(4)延伸：
    -沿所述路径(P)，
    -以比处理槽(2)的侧边(2a，2b)达到的最大高度更高的水平，
    -与上述处理槽(2)的纵向中心线基本对齐的位置，或者在距离的最大 偏移处，不超过穿过处理槽(2)的纵向侧边(2a)的垂直线，
    在每个小车(3)中，所述小车(3)的第一部(3a)包括从第一链条驱动装置(4)向下延伸到所述小车(3)的第二部(3b)的臂。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的装置，其中，
    第一链条驱动装置(4)包括一个单链，该单链适于选择性地接合所述第一小车(3)的部分以沿着所述路径的第一分支移动它们。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置，其中，
    用于将小车(3)从下游站(7)返回至上游站(6)的第二驱动装置包括从下游站(7)延伸到上游站(6)的第一链条驱动装置(4)的返回分支。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置，其中，
    用于将小车(3)从下游站(7)返回至上游站(6)的第二驱动装置包括摩擦输送机。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的装置，其中，
    在平移中与上述第一链条驱动装置(4)整体啮合的第一部(3a)包括：
    -臂，沿着所述臂布置：
    ·第二铰链装置(13)，相对于所述臂的最靠近第一链条驱动装置(4)的部分，允许第二铰链装置(13)的下游臂的部分围绕垂直轴(Z-Z)旋转；
    ·第三铰链装置(14)，相对于上游臂的最靠近第一链条驱动装置(4)的部分，允许第三铰链装置(14)的下游臂的部分相对于水平轴旋转，使每个小车(3)的第二部能够从水平横向位置旋转，在水平横向位置上，小车沿着所述路径(P)前进到较小的垂直位置，
    -机械装置，接近或离开所述下游站以及接近或进入所述上游站时，用于确定每个小车的臂的部分围绕所述垂直轴(Z-Z)和/或所述水平轴(X-X)的旋转，以允许所述小车(3)在返回路径中以较小的旋转配置移动。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的装置，其中，
    小车(3)第二部(3b)的部分(12)包括操纵杆，其具有两个相对的相互延伸的臂，操纵杆(12)的中间部分与各小车(3)的第二部(3b)以整体旋转方式连接，因此操纵杆(12)围绕沿横向方向(Y-Y)延伸的旋转轴旋 转，使得小车的第二部(3b)均匀旋转，或者
    小车(3)的第二部(3b)的部分(12)包括四臂的十字架，其中心部分与小车(3)的第二部(3b)整体旋转连接，因此围绕在横向方向(Y-Y)方向上延伸的旋转轴的旋转导致小车第二部(3b)的均匀旋转，
    其中，所述操纵杆或十字架的所述臂的端部与沿所述路径(P)布置的所述凸轮元件(11)啮合，以被引导，使所述操纵杆和/或所述臂围绕沿横向(Y-Y)延伸的旋转轴旋转。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的装置，其中，所述凸轮元件(11)位于处理槽(2)的相对横向侧(2b)处，其中，必须将小车(3)与钩接和运输的相关车辆结构(V)倒置，完全浸入处理槽(2)的处理液中，当所述小车位于所述处理槽(2)的初始部分时，使所述小车(3)的所述第二部(3b)发生第一翻转，根据沿着所述路径(P)的小车(3)的前进方向确定，以及与所述处理槽(2)的最后部分相对应的所述小车(3)的第二次翻转。
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