WO2020258939A1 - 一种车载充放电装置和系统 - Google Patents

一种车载充放电装置和系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020258939A1
WO2020258939A1 PCT/CN2020/080521 CN2020080521W WO2020258939A1 WO 2020258939 A1 WO2020258939 A1 WO 2020258939A1 CN 2020080521 W CN2020080521 W CN 2020080521W WO 2020258939 A1 WO2020258939 A1 WO 2020258939A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
bidirectional
conversion circuit
terminal
inductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/080521
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘卫平
梁永涛
傅电波
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP20831894.9A priority Critical patent/EP3922504A4/en
Publication of WO2020258939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020258939A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H02J7/022—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device and system.
  • new energy vehicles are usually equipped with on-board chargers (OBC), so that users can use home AC power sockets to charge power batteries .
  • OBC on-board chargers
  • OBC vehicle-to-vehicle
  • V2L vehicle-to-load
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device and system to realize the charging function and the discharging function.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device includes a two-way AC-to-DC conversion circuit (a two-way AC/DC conversion circuit) and a one-way DC-to-DC conversion circuit (a one-way DC/DC Conversion circuit) and bidirectional DC-to-DC conversion circuit (bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit); among them, the DC end of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit and the first DC end of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion The first DC terminal of the circuit is electrically connected.
  • the two-way AC/DC conversion circuit can be used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage, and it can also be used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage;
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can be used for unidirectional conversion between DC voltage and DC voltage;
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can be used for bidirectional conversion between DC voltage and DC voltage.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit is used to convert the received first AC voltage into a first DC voltage, or convert the second DC voltage output by the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit into a second AC voltage.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit is used to convert the first component of the first DC voltage into a third DC voltage.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit is used to convert the second component of the first DC voltage into a fourth DC voltage, or convert the received fifth DC voltage into a second DC voltage; the first component and the second component form the first DC voltage.
  • the voltage value of the third DC voltage may be equal to the voltage value of the fourth DC voltage.
  • the second DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit and the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can both be connected to a charged device (such as a power battery), and the second DC/DC conversion circuit of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit
  • the DC terminal outputs a third DC voltage
  • the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit outputs a fourth DC voltage, thereby supplying power to the charged device.
  • the AC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit may be connected to an AC power source or an electrical device, the AC voltage is used to output the first AC voltage, and the rated voltage of the electrical device may be the second AC voltage.
  • the positive and negative directions of the third DC voltage and the fourth DC voltage may be the same.
  • the positive and negative directions of the third DC voltage and the fourth DC voltage are the same, and the specific meaning can be: if the second DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit and the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit are both charged Devices (such as power batteries) are connected in parallel, and the end of the second output end of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit that outputs high level is connected to the positive pole of the power battery, and the end that outputs low level is connected to the negative pole of the power battery.
  • the difference between the voltage level and the low level voltage is equal to the third DC voltage; similarly, the end of the second output terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit that outputs the high level is connected to the positive electrode of the power battery, and the end that outputs the low level Connected to the negative pole of the power battery, the difference between the high level and the low level voltage is equal to the fourth direct current voltage.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit converts the first AC voltage output by the AC power supply into a first DC Voltage; a one-way DC/DC conversion circuit and a two-way DC/DC conversion circuit work in parallel, the one-way DC/DC conversion circuit is used to convert the first component of the first DC voltage into a third DC voltage available to the charged device, two-way The DC/DC conversion circuit is used to convert the second component of the first DC voltage into a fourth DC voltage usable by the charged device. Therefore, when charging the device to be charged, all circuits in the on-board charging and discharging device work, so high-power charging can be realized.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can only perform unidirectional DC/DC conversion, so the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit does not work at this time.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit when being discharged by a charging device, only part of the circuit in the on-board charging and discharging device works. Therefore, when being discharged by the charging device, only part of the circuits (bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit and bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit) in the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device work, so low-power inverters can be realized.
  • the on-board charging and discharging device provided by the embodiments of the present application can realize high-power charging and low-power inverter.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided in the first aspect further includes a controller for controlling the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit to convert the first AC voltage to the first DC voltage, and controlling the unidirectional DC/DC voltage.
  • the DC conversion circuit converts the first component into a third DC voltage, and controls the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit to convert the second component into a fourth DC voltage.
  • the charged device under the control of the controller, the charged device can be charged through the on-board charging and discharging device.
  • controller may also be used to: control the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit to convert the fifth DC voltage into the second DC voltage; and control the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit to convert the second DC voltage into the second AC voltage.
  • the charged device can supply power to the electric device connected to the AC end of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit through the on-board charging and discharging device.
  • the AC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit is a three-phase AC terminal, and the first AC terminal of the three-phase AC terminal is connected to the negative bus through the switch unit.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit can be switched between three-phase rectification and single-phase rectification through the switching of the switch unit. For example, when the switch unit is closed, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit realizes single-phase rectification; when the switch unit is disconnected, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit realizes three-phase rectification.
  • the single-phase inverter can be realized by closing the switch unit.
  • the phase line where the first AC terminal is located can be used as the negative output terminal, and the other two of the three-phase AC terminal Any one of the two AC terminals is used as a positive output terminal.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit may include: a first single-phase converter, a second single-phase converter, and a third single-phase converter, a first bus capacitor and a second bus capacitor; wherein, The positive terminal of the first bus capacitor is connected with the positive bus, the negative terminal of the first bus capacitor is connected with the positive terminal of the second bus capacitor, and the negative terminal of the second bus capacitor is connected with the negative bus; the AC terminal of the first single-phase converter Is the first AC terminal, the AC terminal of the second single-phase converter is the second AC terminal of the three-phase AC terminal, and the AC terminal of the third single-phase converter is the third AC terminal of the three-phase AC terminal; The DC terminal of the single-phase converter, the DC terminal of the second single-phase converter and the DC terminal of the third single-phase converter are all connected to the negative terminal of the first bus capacitor.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit can be realized by three single-phase converters using Y-connection.
  • the first single-phase converter, the second single-phase converter, and the third single-phase converter are used to implement three-phase AC/DC conversion; when the switch unit is closed, the first single-phase converter The converter and the second single-phase converter are used to implement single-phase AC/DC conversion or single-phase DC/AC conversion.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit works in a three-phase state for three-phase rectification; when the switch unit is closed, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit works in a single-phase state.
  • the AC terminal of the first single-phase converter is the first AC terminal connected to the negative bus through the switch unit
  • the DC terminal of the first single-phase converter can be used as the negative output terminal of the single-phase AC/DC.
  • the DC terminal of the single-phase converter can be used as the positive output terminal of the single-phase AC/DC.
  • the AC terminal of the first single-phase converter may be used as the negative output terminal of the single-phase DC/AC, and in this case, the AC terminal of the second single-phase converter may be used as the positive output terminal of the single-phase DC/AC.
  • the first single-phase converter may include: a first inductor, the first terminal of the first inductor is connected to the first AC terminal; a first bidirectional switch, the first bidirectional switch is connected across the second terminal of the first inductor, and Between the negative terminal of the first bus capacitor; the first diode and the first switch, the first diode is connected across the positive bus and the second terminal of the first inductor, the first switch is connected across the negative Between the bus and the second end of the first inductor, or, the first diode is connected across the negative bus and the second end of the first inductor, and the first switch is connected across the positive bus and the second end of the first inductor. Between the two ends.
  • the second single-phase converter may include: a second inductor, the first terminal of the second inductor is connected to the second AC terminal; a second bidirectional switch, the second bidirectional switch is connected across the second terminal of the second inductor and the first bus Between the negative end of the capacitor; the second diode and the second switch, the second diode is connected across the positive bus and the second end of the second inductor, the second switch is connected across the negative bus and the second Between the second end of the two inductors, or, the second diode is connected across the negative bus and the second end of the second inductor, and the second switch is connected between the positive bus and the second end of the second inductor. between.
  • the third single-phase converter may include: a third inductor, the first terminal of the third inductor is connected to the third AC terminal; a third bidirectional switch, the third bidirectional switch is connected across the second terminal of the third inductor and the first bus Between the negative terminal of the capacitor; the third diode and the fourth diode, the third diode is connected across the positive bus and the second terminal of the third inductor, and the fourth diode is connected across the negative bus And the second end of the third inductor.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit can be improved on the basis of the traditional Vienna circuit, replacing part of the diodes in the Vienna circuit with switching tubes (the first switching tube and the second switching tube); when the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device When used for single-phase inverter, the switch unit is closed.
  • the first switch tube and the second switch tube can be used as the upper or lower half of the inverter H-bridge, and the bidirectional switch can be used as the reverse Change the lower or upper half of the H-bridge, that is, use part of the components in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit to achieve inverter, so as to achieve low-power inverter.
  • the first inductance, the second inductance and the third inductance may be independent inductances or coupled inductances.
  • the first bidirectional switch may include a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube connected in reverse series; the second bidirectional switch may include a fifth switching tube and a sixth switching tube connected in reverse series; the third bidirectional switch may include a reverse series connection.
  • the seventh switch tube and the eighth switch tube may be independent inductances or coupled inductances.
  • the inherent anti-parallel body diode in the switch tube can be used to realize the switching characteristics of the bidirectional switch.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit may include: a first H-bridge rectifier circuit, the first H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of a switch tube for regulating the voltage of the first component; a first isolation transformer , The primary winding of the first isolation transformer is coupled with the first H-bridge rectifier circuit, and the secondary winding of the first isolation transformer is coupled with the second H-bridge rectifier circuit, which can be used to isolate the AC power source and the device to be charged; the second H The bridge rectifier circuit, the second H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of diodes, and is used to rectify the first component after voltage regulation and output a third DC voltage.
  • a unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can be realized through a switch tube and a diode.
  • the isolation of the AC power source and the device to be charged can also be achieved through the first isolation transformer.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit may include: a third H-bridge rectifier circuit, the third H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of a switch tube, used to adjust the voltage of the first component of the input; the second isolation Transformer, the primary winding of the second isolation transformer is coupled with the third H-bridge rectifier circuit, and the secondary winding of the second isolation transformer is coupled with the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit; the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of The switch tube is used to rectify the second component after voltage regulation and output the fourth DC voltage.
  • a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can be realized through a switch tube.
  • the second isolation transformer can also be used to isolate the AC power source and the device to be charged.
  • the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit can also be used to: regulate the fifth DC voltage; the third H-bridge rectifier circuit can also be used to: rectify the regulated fifth DC voltage and output the second DC voltage .
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a charging and discharging system
  • the charging and discharging system includes an AC power supply and the on-board charging and discharging device provided in the above-mentioned first aspect and any one of its possible designs.
  • the charging and discharging device supplies power.
  • the AC power supply can output the first AC voltage.
  • the charging and discharging system further includes a device to be charged, and the on-board charging and discharging device is used to charge the device to be charged.
  • the charged device may be a power battery.
  • a power battery For example, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries and other power batteries.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted charger provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a Vienna circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging and discharging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 1 a possible structure of OBC may be as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the OBC shown in Fig. 1 includes two parts. The part on the left of the dashed line is a three-phase power factor correction (PFC) module, and the right of the dashed line is a direct current to direct current (DC/DC) module.
  • PFC power factor correction
  • DC/DC direct current to direct current
  • the OBC when the OBC is working in the rectification state to charge the power battery, AC power is input from the left side of the PFC module, the PFC module is used for power factor correction, the DC/DC module is used for rectification, and the two ends of the capacitor C2 output DC power, thereby serving as the power battery Charging;
  • the power battery when the OBC is working in the inverter state to discharge the power battery, the power battery inputs direct current to both ends of C2, the DC/DC module is used for rectification, and the three-phase PFC/inverter module is used for inverter, from the left side of the PFC module Output alternating current.
  • the OBC shown in Figure 1 can achieve bidirectional energy conversion, its inverter power level is equivalent to the rectified power level.
  • the rectified power level of OBC is usually higher, so the inverter power level of OBC shown in Figure 1 will also be higher.
  • the inverter power requirements of the OBC are relatively low, and higher inverter power will cause the output power capability of the power tube to be redundant.
  • the OBC in the prior art has the problems of excessively high inverter power and redundant power tube output capability.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device and system, which are used to realize high-power charging while reducing inverter power.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 includes a bidirectional alternating current (AC) to direct current (direct current, DC) conversion circuit 201 (bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201), and a unidirectional DC to DC conversion circuit 202 (unidirectional DC /DC conversion circuit 202) and bidirectional DC-to-DC conversion circuit 203 (bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203).
  • the DC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 is electrically connected to the first DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and the first DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203.
  • the second DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 is electrically connected to the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can be used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage, and can also be used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage;
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 can be used for unidirectional between DC voltage and DC voltage Conversion;
  • Bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 can be used for bidirectional conversion between DC voltage and DC voltage.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 is configured to convert the received first AC voltage into a first DC voltage, or convert the second DC voltage output by the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 into a second AC voltage.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 is configured to convert the first component of the first DC voltage into a third DC voltage.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is used to convert the second component of the first DC voltage into a fourth DC voltage, or convert the received fifth DC voltage into a second DC voltage; the first component and the second component form the first A direct current voltage.
  • the voltage value of the third DC voltage may be equal to the voltage value of the fourth DC voltage.
  • the second DC terminal (outputting the third DC voltage) of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 can be electrically connected to the device to be charged (such as a power battery), and the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 (outputting the first Four direct current voltage) can also be electrically connected to the charged device. That is, the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 respectively rectify the two components of the first DC voltage, and the outputs of the two are connected in parallel to the charged device, thereby charging the charged device.
  • the positive and negative directions of the third DC voltage and the fourth DC voltage may be the same.
  • the positive and negative directions of the third DC voltage and the fourth DC voltage are the same, and the specific meaning can be: if the second DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit and the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit are both charged Devices (such as power batteries) are connected in parallel, and the end of the second output end of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit that outputs high level is connected to the positive pole of the power battery, and the end that outputs low level is connected to the negative pole of the power battery.
  • the difference between the voltage level and the low level voltage is equal to the third DC voltage; similarly, the end of the second output terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit that outputs the high level is connected to the positive electrode of the power battery, and the end that outputs the low level Connected to the negative pole of the power battery, the difference between the high level and the low level voltage is equal to the fourth direct current voltage.
  • the AC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 may be electrically connected to an AC power source or electrical equipment, the AC voltage is used to output the first AC voltage, and the rated voltage of the electrical equipment may be the first 2.
  • the electrical equipment may be terminals such as induction cooker, rice cooker, mobile phone, navigation, television, and notebook.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 converts the first AC voltage output by the AC power supply into the first DC voltage; the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and the bidirectional DC/ The DC conversion circuit 203 works in parallel.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 is used to convert the first component of the first DC voltage into a third DC voltage usable by the charged device.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is used to convert the first
  • the second component of the DC voltage is converted into a fourth DC voltage usable by the charged device, and the second DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 are both connected to the charged device .
  • the first component of the first direct current voltage and the second component of the first direct current voltage constitute the first direct current voltage.
  • the first DC voltage is 310V
  • the first component of the first DC voltage may be 155V
  • the second component of the first DC voltage may be 155V.
  • the equivalent circuit of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 may be as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the AC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 is used as the input terminal of the on-board charging and discharging device 200, and the second DC terminal of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 are connected in parallel.
  • the output terminal of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 As the output terminal of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200.
  • the device to be charged may be a power battery, and the on-board charging and discharging device 200 shown in FIG. 3 can be used to charge the power battery through an AC power source.
  • the first DC voltage obtained by rectifying the first AC voltage by using the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 has relatively large fluctuations, and the voltage value of the first DC voltage is also difficult to meet the voltage requirements of the charged device. Therefore, It is also necessary to rectify and regulate the first DC voltage through the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201, so as to output the third DC voltage and the fourth DC voltage available to the charged device.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 can only perform unidirectional DC/DC conversion, and therefore the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 does not work at this time. In other words, when being discharged by the charging device, only part of the circuits in the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 work.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is used to convert the fifth DC voltage output by the charging device into a second DC voltage
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 is used to convert the second output of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 The DC voltage is converted into a second AC voltage available to the electrical equipment.
  • the equivalent circuit of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 may be as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the second DC terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 serves as the input terminal of the on-board charging and discharging device 200
  • the AC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC converter circuit 201 serves as the output terminal of the on-board charging and discharging device 200.
  • the electrical equipment may be a vehicle-mounted electrical equipment or another power battery.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 shown in FIG. 4 the vehicle-mounted electrical equipment (V2L) can be powered by the power battery or another power battery (V2V) can be charged.
  • the electrical equipment may be an in-vehicle electrical equipment such as an induction cooker and an electric rice cooker, and the charged equipment may be a power battery; then, when the power battery is discharged, it can output a direct current of 90V to 400V, and the direct current output by the power battery passes through a two-way DC/
  • the DC conversion circuit 203 performs voltage regulation and outputs it to the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 performs DC/AC conversion on the DC power output by the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203, and outputs 220V AC power for supply Use of induction cooker, rice cooker and other equipment. Wherein, after the voltage adjustment process of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203, the AC power output by the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can meet the rated voltage requirements of induction cookers, rice cookers and other equipment.
  • the powered device and the charged device may be the power batteries on two new energy vehicles, respectively, where the power of the charged device is greater than the power of the powered device, and the charged device can be used by the on-board charging and discharging device 200.
  • Charge with electric equipment Specifically, when the charged device is discharged, it can output a direct current of 90V to 400V.
  • the direct current output by the charged device is subjected to voltage regulation by the bidirectional DC/DC converter circuit 203 and then output to the bidirectional AC/DC converter circuit 201.
  • the conversion circuit 201 performs DC/AC conversion on the direct current output from the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 and outputs alternating current, thereby charging the power battery of another new energy vehicle.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit can be passed first 203 rectifies and regulates the fifth DC voltage and outputs the second DC voltage, and then performs inversion processing on the second DC voltage through the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201, thereby outputting the second AC voltage usable by the electrical equipment.
  • the charging process of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 is referred to as “forward charging”, and the discharging process of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 is referred to as “reverse discharge”.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 may be fixed on a new energy vehicle, and electrical equipment may be connected to the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 through a fixed interface on the new energy vehicle.
  • the power plugs of the induction cooker, electric rice cooker, etc. can be directly inserted into the fixed interface, so that the power battery can supply power for the induction cooker and electric cooker.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 may also be configured in a flexible and detachable form, that is, a fixed interface is provided on the new energy vehicle to realize the connection between the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 and the device to be charged.
  • the on-board charging and discharging device 200 can be regarded as a device independent of the new energy vehicle.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201, the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202, and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 may be composed of switch tubes, diodes, inductors, capacitors and other devices.
  • the working states of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201, the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202, and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 can be realized by adjusting the working states of these devices (such as switch tubes).
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 may further include a controller for controlling the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit to convert the first AC voltage to the first DC voltage, and controlling the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 to convert the first component It is the third direct current voltage, and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is controlled to convert the second component into the fourth direct current voltage. At this time, the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 is "positively charged".
  • controller can also be used to control the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 to convert the fifth DC voltage into a second DC voltage; and control the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 to convert the second DC voltage into a second AC voltage At this time, the on-board charging and discharging device 200 "reversely discharges".
  • the controller can be connected to the gate of the MOS tube to control the on and off of the MOS tube.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 realizes rectification or inversion; if the switches in the circuits of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 are bipolar junction transistors (BJT), the controller can be connected to the base of the BJT, By controlling the on-off of the BJT, the on-board charging and discharging device 200 realizes rectification or inversion.
  • BJT bipolar junction transistors
  • the controller may be any of a micro controller unit (MCU), a central processing unit (CPU), and a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP).
  • MCU micro controller unit
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the specific form of the controller is not limited to the above examples.
  • Two-way AC/DC conversion circuit 201 Two-way AC/DC conversion circuit 201
  • the AC terminal of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 may be a three-phase AC terminal, and the first AC terminal of the three-phase AC terminal is connected to the negative bus (N) through a switch unit.
  • the function of setting the switch unit is: when the on-board charging and discharging device 200 is used for "forward charging", the two-way AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can switch between three-phase rectification and single-phase rectification by switching the switch unit .
  • the switch unit when the switch unit is closed, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 realizes single-phase rectification; when the switch unit is disconnected, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 realizes three-phase rectification.
  • a single-phase inverter can be realized by closing the switch unit, where the phase line where the first AC terminal is located can be used as the negative output terminal, and the other two AC terminals of the three-phase AC terminal Any one of the terminals serves as a positive output terminal.
  • the on-off of the switch unit can also be controlled by the aforementioned controller.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 includes: a first single-phase converter, a second single-phase converter, and a third single-phase converter, a first bus capacitor and a second bus capacitor;
  • the positive terminal is connected to the positive bus (P)
  • the negative terminal of the first bus capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the second bus capacitor
  • the negative terminal of the second bus capacitor is connected to the negative bus (N)
  • the AC of the first single-phase converter Terminal is the first AC terminal
  • the AC terminal of the second single-phase converter is the second AC terminal of the three-phase AC terminal
  • the AC terminal of the third single-phase converter is the third AC terminal of the three-phase AC terminal
  • the DC terminal of a single-phase converter, the DC terminal of the second single-phase converter and the DC terminal of the third single-phase converter are all connected to the negative terminal of the first bus capacitor.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can be realized by three single-phase converters using Y-shaped connections.
  • the first single-phase converter, the second single-phase converter, and the third single-phase converter are used to implement three-phase AC/DC conversion;
  • the switch unit is closed, the first single-phase converter and the Two single-phase converters are used to realize single-phase AC/DC conversion or single-phase DC/AC conversion.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 works in a three-phase state for three-phase rectification; when the switch unit is closed, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 works in a single-phase state.
  • the DC terminal of the first single-phase converter can be used as the negative output terminal of the single-phase AC/DC
  • the DC terminal of the second single-phase converter can be used as the positive output terminal of the single-phase AC/DC.
  • the AC terminal of the first single-phase converter may be used as the negative output terminal of the single-phase DC/AC
  • the AC terminal of the second single-phase converter may be used as the positive output terminal of the single-phase DC/AC.
  • the first bus capacitor may be connected to the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202, and the second bus capacitor may be connected to the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203. Then, when the on-vehicle charging and discharging device 200 is charging forward, the first bus capacitor provides the first component of the first DC voltage to the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202, and the second bus capacitor provides the first component of the first DC voltage to the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203.
  • the second component of a direct current voltage when the on-board charging and discharging device 200 discharges in reverse, the voltage on the second bus capacitor connected to the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is the second direct current voltage.
  • the first bus capacitor may be connected to the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203, and the second bus capacitor may be connected to the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202. Then, when the on-vehicle charging and discharging device 200 is being charged, the second bus capacitor provides the first component of the first DC voltage to the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202, and the first bus capacitor provides the first component of the first DC voltage to the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203.
  • the second component of a direct current voltage when the on-board charging and discharging device 200 discharges in reverse, the voltage on the first bus capacitor connected to the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is the second direct current voltage.
  • the first single-phase converter includes: a first inductor, a first end of the first inductor is connected to a first AC end; a first bidirectional switch, the first bidirectional switch is connected across the second end of the first inductor and the first Between the negative terminal of a bus capacitor; the first diode and the first switch tube, the first diode is connected across the positive bus (P) and the second terminal of the first inductor, and the first switch tube is connected across Between the negative bus (N) and the second terminal of the first inductor, or the first diode is connected across the negative bus (N) and the second terminal of the first inductor, and the first switch is connected across Between the positive bus (P) and the second end of the first inductor.
  • the second single-phase converter includes: a second inductor, the first terminal of the second inductor is connected to the second AC terminal; a second bidirectional switch, the second bidirectional switch is connected across the second terminal of the second inductor and the first bus capacitor
  • the second diode and the second switch tube the second diode is connected across the positive bus (P) and the second end of the second inductor
  • the second switch tube is connected across the negative bus (N) and the second end of the second inductor
  • the second diode is connected across the negative bus (N) and the second end of the second inductor
  • the second switch is connected across the positive bus ( P) and the second end of the second inductor.
  • the third single-phase converter includes: a third inductor, the first terminal of the third inductor is connected to the third AC terminal; a third bidirectional switch, the third bidirectional switch is connected across the second terminal of the third inductor and the first bus capacitor Between the negative terminal of the third diode and the fourth diode, the third diode is connected across the positive bus (P) and the second terminal of the third inductor, the fourth diode is connected across Between the negative bus (N) and the second end of the third inductor.
  • the first bidirectional switch includes a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube connected in reverse series;
  • the second bidirectional switch includes a fifth switching tube and a sixth switching tube connected in reverse series;
  • the third bidirectional switch includes a second switching tube connected in reverse series.
  • the first inductor may be an independent inductor or a coupled inductor; similarly, in the second single-phase converter, the second inductor may be an independent inductor or a coupled inductor.
  • the third inductance can be an independent inductor or a coupled inductor.
  • bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 two specific examples of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 are given below.
  • FIG. 5 for a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • L2 can be regarded as the first inductance
  • D2 can be regarded as the first diode
  • Q8 can be regarded as the first switching tube
  • Q3 and Q4 form the first bidirectional switch
  • Q3 can be regarded as the third switching tube
  • Q4 can be regarded as the fourth switch tube
  • L2, D2, Q8, Q3 and Q4 form the first single-phase converter.
  • L1 can be regarded as the second inductor
  • D1 can be regarded as the second diode
  • Q7 can be regarded as the second switching tube
  • Q1 and Q2 form the second bidirectional switch
  • Q1 can be regarded as the fifth switching tube
  • Q2 can be Regarded as the sixth switch tube
  • L1, D1, Q7, Q1, Q2 form the second single-phase converter.
  • L3 can be regarded as the third inductor
  • D3 can be regarded as the third diode
  • D4 can be regarded as the fourth diode
  • Q5 and Q6 form the third bidirectional switch
  • Q5 can be regarded as the seventh switch tube
  • Q6 can be regarded as The eighth switch tube
  • L3, D3, D4, Q5 and Q6 form the third single-phase converter.
  • S1 can be regarded as a switching unit
  • C1 can be regarded as the first bus capacitor
  • C2 can be regarded as the second bus capacitor
  • Vb can be regarded as the first AC terminal
  • Va can be regarded as the second AC terminal
  • Vc can be regarded as the first AC terminal.
  • connection relationship of the components in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 shown in FIG. 5 may be: the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q7, the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q8, and the anode of the diode D3
  • the anode is connected to the cathode of diode D4, the cathodes of D1, D2, and D3 are connected, and the source of Q7, the source of Q8 and the anode of D4 are connected.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • L2, D3, Q8, Q3, and Q4 constitute the first single-phase converter
  • L1, D2, Q7, Q1, and Q2 constitute the second single-phase converter
  • L3, D1, D4, Q5, and Q6 constitute the first single-phase converter.
  • the connection relationship of each device can be shown in Figure 6.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit shown in FIG. 6 can be obtained by modifying the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 shown in FIG. 5: the two switches in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 shown in FIG.
  • the positions of Q7 and Q8 and the positions of the diodes connected thereto can be exchanged to form the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 shown in FIG. 6.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 in the embodiment of the present application can be regarded as an improvement on the traditional Vienna circuit.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional Vienna circuit. Among them, Va, Vb, and Vc are used as three-phase input terminals, and A and B are used as DC output terminals, which can realize the PFC function while realizing rectification. It can be seen that in the Vienna circuit, the inductance and bidirectional switch settings are the same as the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201. However, for the rest, the Vienna circuit is composed of six diodes, and the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 is composed of two switch tubes and four diodes. In other words, the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by replacing part of the diodes in the Vienna circuit with switch tubes.
  • the traditional Vienna circuit is only used to achieve rectification, but cannot achieve inverter.
  • the inverter function can be realized by adding a smaller number of switch tubes (two).
  • the number of switch tubes in the on-board charging and discharging device 200 can be reduced, thereby reducing the design cost.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 adopts the above-mentioned structure. In addition to achieving AC/DC conversion and DC/AC conversion, it can also achieve high power factor by controlling the on and off of the bidirectional switch in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201. And low current harmonics, so the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can also be regarded as a power factor correction (PFC) module.
  • PFC power factor correction
  • switch tubes in the embodiments of this application include, but are not limited to, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) tubes, MOS tubes, BJTs, and silicon carbide (SiC) power tubes.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • MOS MOS
  • BJTs silicon carbide
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • the specific type of switch tube is not limited.
  • the switch tube is MOS as an example for illustration. In practical applications, other types of switch tubes can also be used.
  • the names of each port of the switch tube will be different, but the functions are basically the same.
  • the switch when the switch is a BJT, the base in the BJT is equivalent to the gate in the MOS; the collector in the BJT is equivalent to the drain in the MOS; the emitter in the BJT is equivalent to the source in the MOS. Therefore, the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device based on the MOS tube in this application can be equivalent to the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device based on BJT.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can also adopt other structures.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can be a three-phase full control. Bridge circuit, used to realize three-phase rectification and three-phase inverter.
  • Two, one-way DC/DC conversion circuit 202 Two, one-way DC/DC conversion circuit 202
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 may include: a first H-bridge rectifier circuit, the first H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of a switch tube, and is used to adjust the voltage of the first component; the first isolation transformer, the principle of the first isolation transformer The side winding is coupled with the first H-bridge rectifier circuit, the secondary winding of the first isolation transformer is coupled with the second H-bridge rectifier circuit; the second H-bridge rectifier circuit, the second H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of diodes, and is used for voltage regulation After the first component is rectified, the third DC voltage is output.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 can adopt an existing structure, that is, it is composed of two H-bridge rectifier circuits and an isolation transformer.
  • the input terminal of the first H-bridge rectifier circuit can be connected to both ends of the first bus capacitor in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 (the voltage across the first bus capacitor at this time is the first component of the first DC voltage)
  • the second bus capacitor in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 the voltage across the second bus capacitor at this time is the first component of the first DC voltage.
  • the first component of the first DC voltage can be adjusted and rectified, and the AC power supply can be isolated from the device to be charged.
  • the structure of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 may be as shown in FIG. 8.
  • a and B are DC input terminals
  • C and D are DC output terminals
  • MOS transistors Q9, Q10, Q11 and Q12 form the first H-bridge rectifier circuit
  • diodes D5, D6, D7, and D8 form the second H-bridge
  • the rectifier circuit, L4 and T1 form the first isolation transformer.
  • L4 and T1 can be separate structures, or a magnetic integration method can be used.
  • Three, two-way DC/DC conversion circuit 203 Three, two-way DC/DC conversion circuit 203
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 may include: a third H-bridge rectifier circuit, the third H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of a switch tube, used to adjust the voltage of the first component of the input; the second isolation transformer, the second isolation transformer The primary winding is coupled with the third H-bridge rectifier circuit, the secondary winding of the second isolation transformer is coupled with the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit; the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit, the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit is composed of switch tubes, The second component after the voltage regulation is rectified to output a fourth DC voltage.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 can implement bidirectional DC/DC conversion.
  • the third H-bridge rectifier circuit is used to adjust the voltage of the first input component
  • the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit is used to rectify the second component after the voltage adjustment.
  • the fourth DC voltage is output; in addition, when the on-board charging and discharging device 200 "reversely discharges", the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit is also used to regulate the fifth DC voltage, and the third H-bridge rectifier circuit is also used to regulate the voltage The following fifth DC voltage is rectified to output the second DC voltage.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 may be composed of two H-bridge rectifier circuits and an isolation transformer. Different from the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202, the second H-bridge rectifier circuit in the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 is composed of diodes, and the second H-bridge rectifier circuit can only realize the unidirectional transmission of energy ( From left to right), and the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 is composed of switch tubes, which can realize bidirectional energy transmission.
  • the second component of the first DC voltage when charging in the forward direction, the second component of the first DC voltage can be adjusted and rectified, and the AC power supply can be isolated from the device to be charged;
  • the fifth DC voltage output by the charging device undergoes voltage regulation and rectification.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 may be as shown in FIG. 9.
  • MOS transistors Q13, Q14, Q15, and Q16 form a third H-bridge rectifier circuit
  • MOS transistors Q17, Q18, Q19, and Q20 form a fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit
  • L5, L6, and T2 form a second isolation transformer.
  • L5, L6 and T2 can be discrete structures, or a magnetic integration method can be used.
  • a and B are used as DC input terminals to receive the output of the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201, and C and D are used as DC output terminals to connect to the device to be charged;
  • C and D are used as DC input terminals to receive the DC power output by the charged device, and A and B are used as DC output terminals to output DC power to the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201.
  • the third DC voltage and the fourth H The voltage values of the fourth DC voltage output by the bridge rectifier circuit are equal in magnitude, and the positive and negative directions are the same. Then, the output terminal C of the second H-bridge rectifier circuit in FIG. 8 and the output terminal C of the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit in FIG. 9 can be connected to the positive electrode of the power battery, and the output terminal D of the second H-bridge rectifier circuit in FIG. 8 The output terminal D of the fourth H-bridge rectifier circuit in FIG. 9 can be connected to the negative electrode of the power battery to charge the power battery.
  • a vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the present application may be as shown in FIG. 10.
  • each phase line of the AC side input is connected to the inductors L1, L2, L3;
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit includes diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, switch tubes Q7, Q8, and switches Three bidirectional switches composed of tubes Q1/Q2/Q3/Q4/Q5/Q6.
  • the cathodes of D1, D2, and D3 are connected to capacitor C1;
  • Q1 and Q2 form a two-way switch, one end is connected to the middle point of Q7 and D1 and one end of L1, and the other end is connected to the middle point of C1 and C2;
  • Q3 and Q4 form a two-way switch , One end is connected to the middle point of Q8 and D2 and one end of L2, the other end is connected to the middle point of C1 and C2;
  • Q5 and Q6 form a two-way switch, one end is connected to the middle point of D3 and D4 and one end of L3, and the other end is connected to The middle point of C1 and C2 is connected.
  • the gates of the above switch tubes are all connected with an external control circuit (or controller), and the control circuit realizes the corresponding functions of the on-board charging and discharging device by controlling the on and off of the switch tubes.
  • the switch transistors Q9/Q10/Q11/Q12 form an H bridge, the drains of Q9 and Q10 are connected to the positive terminal of C1, and the sources of Q11 and Q12 are connected to the negative terminal of C1; Q9 and The connecting middle node of Q11 is connected to C3, after C3 is connected to L4, after L4 is connected to the primary winding of T1, and the middle node of Q10 and Q12 is connected to the other end of the primary winding of T1.
  • Diodes D5/D6/D7/D8 form a rectifier circuit.
  • the connecting intermediate node of D5 and D7 is connected to one end of the secondary winding of T1, and the connecting intermediate node of D6 and D8 is connected to the other end of the secondary winding of T1; the cathodes of D5 and D6 Connect to the positive pole of the battery, and connect the anodes of D7 and D8 to the negative pole of the battery.
  • the switching tubes Q13/Q14/Q15/Q16 form an H bridge, the drains of Q13 and Q14 are connected to the positive terminal of C2, and the sources of Q15 and Q16 are connected to the negative terminal of C2; Q13 and Q15
  • the connection intermediate node of is connected to C4, after C4 is connected to L5, after L5 is connected to the primary winding of T2, and the intermediate nodes of Q14 and Q16 are connected to the other end of the primary winding of T2.
  • the switch tubes Q17/Q18/Q19/Q20 form an H-bridge circuit.
  • the connecting intermediate node of Q17 and Q19 is connected to the back end of C5, the front end of C5 is connected to the back end of L6, and the front end of L6 is connected to one end of the secondary winding of transformer T2, Q18 and Q20
  • the connection middle node of is connected to the other end of the secondary winding of T2; the drains of Q17 and Q18 are connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the sources of Q19 and Q20 are connected to the negative electrode of the battery.
  • the front end of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit is connected to C1
  • the front end of the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit is connected to C2
  • the output of the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit are connected in parallel, and the back end is connected battery.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit is improved on the basis of the traditional Vienna circuit, replacing part of the diodes with switching tubes (Q7 and Q8); in the rectification part, some circuits adopt diode rectification ( One-way DC/DC conversion circuit), some of the circuits use switch tube rectification (bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit), and use a rectifier circuit composed of switch tubes (bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit) for rectification during inverter.
  • Va, Vb and Vc are used as the three-phase input terminals of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device, and the two ends connected in parallel with the power battery are used as the DC output terminals of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device.
  • Va and Vb are used as the AC input terminals of the vehicle charging and discharging device, and the two ends in parallel with the power battery are used as the DC output terminals of the vehicle charging and discharging device
  • the inverter state the two ends in parallel with the power battery are used as the DC input terminals of the on-board charging and discharging device, and Va and Vb are used as the AC output terminals of the on-board charging and discharging device).
  • the power battery is connected to a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit is connected to a bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit.
  • Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are used as the upper half of the inverter H bridge, and Q7 and Q8 are used as the lower half of the inverter H bridge, that is, the partial circuit in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit works .
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit does not work during single-phase inverter, and only part of the diodes and switch tubes in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit work, for the on-board charging and discharging device shown in Figure 10, the forward direction The charging power is greater than the reverse discharge power.
  • FIG. 12 another vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the present application may be as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device shown in Fig. 12 is similar to the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device shown in Fig. 10, except that the positions of the two switch tubes and the diode in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit are swapped, and accordingly, the unidirectional DC/DC conversion The position of the circuit and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit are swapped.
  • Va, Vb and Vc are used as the three-phase input terminals of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device, and the two ends connected in parallel with the power battery are used as the DC output terminals of the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device.
  • Va and Vb are used as the AC input terminals of the vehicle charging and discharging device, and the two ends in parallel with the power battery are used as the DC output terminals of the vehicle charging and discharging device
  • the inverter state the two ends in parallel with the power battery are used as the DC input terminals of the on-board charging and discharging device, and Va and Vb are used as the AC output terminals of the on-board charging and discharging device).
  • the power battery is connected to a bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit, and the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit is connected to a bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit.
  • Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are used as the lower half of the inverter H bridge, and Q7 and Q8 are used as the upper half of the inverter H bridge, that is, the partial circuits in the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit work .
  • the one-way DC/DC conversion circuit does not work during single-phase inverter, and only some diodes and switch tubes in the two-way AC/DC conversion circuit work, for the on-board charging and discharging device shown in Figure 12, the forward direction The charging power is greater than the reverse discharge power.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 converts the first AC voltage output by the AC power supply into a first DC voltage ;
  • One-way DC/DC conversion circuit 202 and two-way DC/DC conversion circuit 203 work in parallel, the one-way DC/DC conversion circuit 202 is used to convert the first component of the first DC voltage into a third DC voltage available to the charged device.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203 is used to convert the second component of the first direct current voltage into a fourth direct current voltage usable by the charged device. Therefore, when charging the device to be charged, all circuits in the on-board charging and discharging device 200 work, and thus high-power charging can be realized.
  • the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 can only perform unidirectional DC/DC conversion, and therefore the unidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 202 does not work at this time.
  • the charging device when being discharged by the charging device, only part of the circuits in the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 work. Therefore, when being discharged by a charging device, only part of the circuits (bidirectional AC/DC conversion circuit 201 and bidirectional DC/DC conversion circuit 203) in the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200 work, so low-power inverters can be realized.
  • the on-board charging and discharging device 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize high-power charging and low-power inverter.
  • the charging and discharging system 1400 includes an AC power supply 1401 and the aforementioned vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200, and the AC power supply 1401 is used to supply power to the vehicle-mounted charging and discharging device 200.
  • the AC power supply 1401 can output the first AC voltage.
  • the charging and discharging system 1400 further includes a charged device, and the on-board charging and discharging device 200 is used to charge the charged device.
  • the charged device may be a power battery.
  • a power battery For example, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries and other power batteries.
  • the charging and discharging system can charge loads when discharging, specifically, terminals such as induction cookers, rice cookers, and mobile phones.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种车载充放电装置（200）和系统，包括：双向AC/DC变换电路（201）、单向DC/DC变换电路（202）和双向DC/DC变换电路（203）；双向AC/DC变换电路（201），用于将接收的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压，或者将双向DC/DC变换电路（203）输出的第二直流电压转换为第二交流电压；单向DC/DC变换电路（202），用于将第一直流电压的第一分量转换为第三直流电压；双向DC/DC变换电路（203），用于将第一直流电压的第二分量转换为第四直流电压，或者将接收的第五直流电压转换为第二直流电压；第一分量和第二分量构成第一直流电压。该车载充放电装置(200)和系统用以实现充电功能和放电功能。

Description

一种车载充放电装置和系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2019年06月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910555094.1、申请名称为“一种车载充放电装置和系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及新能源汽车(new energy vehicle)技术领域，尤其涉及一种车载充放电装置和系统。
背景技术
随着新能源领域的技术发展，新能源汽车的应用越来越普及，例如，电动车/电动汽车(electric vehicle)。鉴于当下直流快充充电基础设施不完善，为了提高充电的便利性，通常会为新能源汽车配置车载充电机(on-borad charger，OBC)，使用户可以使用家用的交流电源插座为动力电池充电。
由于新能源汽车对续航里程要求越来越高，动力电池的容量也越来越大，因而对动力电池的充电功率等级要求也越来越高，因此OBC通常具有较高的充电功率，以实现快速充电。同时，为了增强用户体验，OBC还可兼容逆变功能，从而实现车辆到车辆(vehicle-to-vehicle，V2V)以及车辆到负载(vehicle-to-load，V2L)的放电功能，例如可以通过放电功能为另一动力电池充电或者为车载用电设备供电。
因此，亟需一种兼具充电功能以及放电功能(V2V、V2L)的车载充放电装置。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种车载充放电装置和系统，用以实现充电功能和放电功能。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种车载充放电装置，该车载充放电装置包括双向交流转直流变换电路(双向AC/DC变换电路)、单向直流转直流变换电路(单向DC/DC变换电路)和双向直流转直流变换电路(双向DC/DC变换电路)；其中，双向AC/DC变换电路的直流端与单向DC/DC变换电路的第一直流端以及双向DC/DC变换电路的第一直流端电连接。其中，双向AC/DC变换电路可用于将交流电压转换为直流电压，也可以用于将直流电压转换为交流电压；单向DC/DC变换电路可用于直流电压和直流电压间的单向变换；双向DC/DC变换电路可用于直流电压和直流电压间的双向变换。
双向AC/DC变换电路，用于将接收的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压，或者将双向DC/DC变换电路输出的第二直流电压转换为第二交流电压。
单向DC/DC变换电路，用于将第一直流电压的第一分量转换为第三直流电压。
双向DC/DC变换电路，用于将第一直流电压的第二分量转换为第四直流电压，或者将接收的第五直流电压转换为第二直流电压；第一分量和第二分量构成第一直流电压。
其中，第三直流电压的电压值可以与第四直流电压的电压值相等。具体地，单向DC/DC 变换电路的第二直流端以及双向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端均可以与被充电设备(例如动力电池)连接，单向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端输出第三直流电压，双向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端输出第四直流电压，从而向被充电设备供电。双向AC/DC变换电路的交流端可以与交流电源或用电设备连接，该交流电压用于输出第一交流电压，该用电设备的额定电压可以是第二交流电压。
更进一步地，第三直流电压和第四直流电压的正负方向可以相同。第三直流电压和第四直流电压的正负方向相同，其具体含义可以是：若单向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端与双向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端均与被充电设备(例如动力电池)并联，则单向DC/DC变换电路的第二输出端中输出高电平的一端与动力电池的正极连接，输出低电平的一端与动力电池的负极连接，该高电平与低电平的电压之差等于第三直流电压；同样地，双向DC/DC变换电路的第二输出端中输出高电平的一端与动力电池的正极连接，输出低电平的一端与动力电池的负极连接，该高电平与低电平的电压之差等于第四直流电压。
采用第一方面提供的车载充放电装置，当车载充放电装置用于为被充电设备(例如动力电池)充电时，双向AC/DC变换电路将交流电源输出的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压；单向DC/DC变换电路和双向DC/DC变换电路并联工作，单向DC/DC变换电路用于将第一直流电压的第一分量转换为被充电设备可用的第三直流电压，双向DC/DC变换电路用于将第一直流电压的第二分量转换为被充电设备可用的第四直流电压。因此，在为被充电设备充电时，车载充放电装置中的全部电路均工作，因而可以实现大功率充电。
当车载充放电装置用于对被充电设备放电时，单向DC/DC变换电路由于只能进行单向DC/DC变换，因而单向DC/DC变换电路此时不工作。也就是说，被充电设备放电时，车载充放电装置中只有部分电路工作。因此，在被充电设备放电时，车载充放电装置中仅有部分电路(双向AC/DC变换电路和双向DC/DC变换电路)工作，因而可以实现小功率逆变。
综上，采用本申请实施例提供的车载充放电装置，可以实现大功率充电和小功率逆变。
在一种可能的设计中，第一方面提供的车载充放电装置还包括控制器，该控制器用于控制双向AC/DC变换电路将第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压，控制单向DC/DC变换电路将第一分量转换为第三直流电压，控制双向DC/DC变换电路将第二分量转换为第四直流电压。
采用上述方案，可以在控制器的控制下，通过车载充放电装置为被充电设备充电。
此外，上述控制器还可以用于：控制双向DC/DC变换电路将第五直流电压转换为第二直流电压；以及，控制双向AC/DC变换电路将第二直流电压转换为第二交流电压。
采用上述方案，可以在控制器的控制下，实现被充电设备通过车载充放电装置为与双向AC/DC变换电路的交流端连接的用电设备供电。
在一种可能的设计中，双向AC/DC变换电路的交流端为三相交流端，三相交流端中的第一交流端通过开关单元与负母线连接。
采用上述方案，车载充放电装置用于通过交流电源为被充电设备充电时，可以通过开关单元的切换使双向AC/DC变换电路实现三相整流和单相整流之间的切换。例如，开关单元闭合时，双向AC/DC变换电路实现单相整流；开关单元断开时，双向AC/DC变换电路实现三相整流。在车载充放电装置通过被充电设备为用电设备供电时，可通过将开关单元闭合实现单相逆变，其中第一交流端所在的相线可以作为负输出端，三相交流端中另外 两个交流端中的任一个作为正输出端。
在一种可能的设计中，双向AC/DC变换电路可以包括：第一单相变换器、第二单相变换器和第三单相变换器、第一母线电容和第二母线电容；其中，第一母线电容的正端与正母线连接，第一母线电容的负端与第二母线电容的正端连接，第二母线电容的负端与负母线连接；第一单相变换器的交流端为第一交流端，第二单相变换器的交流端为三相交流端中的第二交流端，第三单相变换器的交流端为三相交流端中的第三交流端；第一单相变换器的直流端、第二单相变换器的直流端和第三单相变换器的直流端均与第一母线电容的负端连接。
也就是说，双向AC/DC变换电路可以通过三个单相变换器采用Y型连接实现。
具体地，当开关单元断开时，第一单相变换器、第二单相变换器和第三单相变换器用于实现三相AC/DC变换；当开关单元闭合时，第一单相变换器和第二单相变换器用于实现单相AC/DC变换或者单相DC/AC变换。
采用上述方案，当开关单元断开时，双向AC/DC变换电路工作在三相状态，用于三相整流；当开关单元闭合时，双向AC/DC变换电路工作在单相状态。由于第一单相变换器的交流端为通过开关单元与负母线连接的第一交流端，因而第一单相变换器的直流端可以作为单相AC/DC的负输出端，此时第二单相变换器的直流端可以作为单相AC/DC的正输出端。或者，第一单相变换器的交流端可以作为单相DC/AC的负输出端，此时第二单相变换器的交流端可以作为单相DC/AC的正输出端。
具体地，第一单相变换器可以包括：第一电感，第一电感的第一端与第一交流端连接；第一双向开关，第一双向开关跨接在第一电感的第二端以及第一母线电容的负端之间；第一二极管和第一开关管，第一二极管跨接在正母线和第一电感的第二端之间、第一开关管跨接在负母线和第一电感的第二端之间，或者，第一二极管跨接在负母线和第一电感的第二端之间、第一开关管跨接在正母线和第一电感的第二端之间。
第二单相变换器可以包括：第二电感，第二电感的第一端与第二交流端连接；第二双向开关，第二双向开关跨接在第二电感的第二端以及第一母线电容的负端之间；第二二极管和第二开关管，第二二极管跨接在正母线和第二电感的第二端之间、第二开关管跨接在负母线和第二电感的第二端之间，或者，第二二极管跨接在负母线和第二电感的第二端之间、第二开关管跨接在正母线和第二电感的第二端之间。
第三单相变换器可以包括：第三电感，第三电感的第一端与第三交流端连接；第三双向开关，第三双向开关跨接在第三电感的第二端以及第一母线电容的负端之间；第三二极管和第四二极管，第三二极管跨接在正母线和第三电感的第二端之间、第四二极管跨接在负母线和第三电感的第二端之间。
也就是说，双向AC/DC变换电路可以在传统维也纳电路的基础上改进得到，将维也纳电路中的部分二极管替换为开关管(第一开关管和第二开关管)；当该车载充放电装置用于单相逆变时，开关单元闭合，在双向AC/DC变换电路中，第一开关管和第二开关管可以作为逆变H桥的上半部分或下半部分，双向开关可以作为逆变H桥的下半部分或上半部分，即利用双向AC/DC变换电路中的部分器件实现逆变，从而实现小功率逆变。其中，第一电感、第二电感和第三电感可以是独立电感，也可以是耦合电感。第一双向开关可以包括反向串联的第三开关管和第四开关管；第二双向开关可以包括反向串联的第五开关管和第六开关管；第三双向开关可以包括反向串联的第七开关管和第八开关管。
采用上述方案，可以利用开关管中固有的反并联体二极管实现双向开关的开关特性。
在一种可能的设计中，单向DC/DC变换电路可以包括：第一H桥整流电路，第一H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对第一分量进行调压；第一隔离变压器，第一隔离变压器的原边绕组与第一H桥整流电路耦合，第一隔离变压器的副边绕组与第二H桥整流电路耦合可以用于实现交流电源与被充电设备的隔离；第二H桥整流电路，第二H桥整流电路由二极管组成，用于对调压后的第一分量进行整流，输出第三直流电压。
采用上述方案，可以通过开关管和二极管实现单向DC/DC变换电路。此外，通过第一隔离变压器还可以实现交流电源与被充电设备的隔离。当车载充放电装置用于使被充电设备放电时，单向DC/DC变换电路不工作，从而在逆变时减小车载充放电装置的功率。
在一种可能的设计中，双向DC/DC变换电路可以包括：第三H桥整流电路，第三H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对输入的第一分量进行调压；第二隔离变压器，第二隔离变压器的原边绕组与第三H桥整流电路耦合，第二隔离变压器的副边绕组与第四H桥整流电路耦合；第四H桥整流电路，第四H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对调压后的第二分量进行整流，输出第四直流电压。
采用上述方案，可以通过开关管实现双向DC/DC变换电路。此外，通过第二隔离变压器还可以实现交流电源与被充电设备的隔离。
此外，第四H桥整流电路还可以用于：对第五直流电压进行调压；第三H桥整流电路还可以用于：对调压后的第五直流电压进行整流，输出第二直流电压。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种充放电系统，该充放电系统包括交流电源以及上述第一方面及其任一可能的设计中提供的车载充放电装置，该交流电源用于向车载充放电装置供电。也就是说，该交流电源可以输出第一交流电压。
在一种可能的设计中，该充放电系统还包括被充电设备，车载充放电装置用于向该被充电设备充电。
具体地，被充电设备可以是动力电池。例如，镍氢电池、锂电池、铅酸电池等动力电池。
另外，第二方面中任一种可能设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见第一方面中不同设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为现有技术提供的一种车载充电机的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的第一种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的第二种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的第三种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种双向AC/DC变换电路的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种双向AC/DC变换电路的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种维也纳电路的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种单向DC/DC变换电路的结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种双向DC/DC变换电路的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的第四种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的第五种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的第六种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的第七种车载充放电装置的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种充放电系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现有技术中，OBC的一种可能的结构可以如图1所示。图1所示的OBC包括两个部分，其中，虚线左侧的部分为三相功率因数校正(power factor correction，PFC)模块，虚线右侧为直流转直流(DC/DC)模块。具体地，当OBC工作在整流状态为动力电池充电时，从PFC模块左侧输入交流电，PFC模块用于功率因数校正，DC/DC模块用于整流，电容C2两端输出直流电，从而为动力电池充电；当OBC工作在逆变状态实现动力电池放电时，动力电池向C2两端输入直流电，DC/DC模块用于整流，三相PFC/逆变模块用于逆变，从PFC模块的左侧输出交流电。
图1所示的OBC虽然可以实现能量双向变换，但是其逆变功率等级和整流功率等级相当。为了实现快速充电，OBC的整流功率等级通常较高，因而图1所示的OBC的逆变功率等级也会较高。而通常情况下(尤其是在小功率逆变需求的情况下)，对OBC的逆变功率要求较低，较高的逆变功率会导致功率管的输出功率能力冗余。
因此，现有技术中的OBC存在逆变功率过高、功率管输出能力冗余的问题。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
本申请实施例提供一种车载充放电装置和系统，用以实现大功率充电的同时降低逆变功率。
需要说明的是，本申请中所涉及的多个，是指两个或两个以上。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
参见图2，为本申请实施例提供的一种车载充放电装置的结构示意图。其中，该车载充放电装置200包括双向交流(alternating current，AC)转直流(direct current，DC)变换电路201(双向AC/DC变换电路201)、单向直流转直流变换电路202(单向DC/DC变换电路202)和双向直流转直流变换电路203(双向DC/DC变换电路203)。其中，双向AC/DC变换电路201的直流端与单向DC/DC变换电路202的第一直流端以及双向DC/DC变换电路203的第一直流端电连接。单向DC/DC变换电路202的第二直流端与双向DC/DC变换电路203的第二直流端电连接。
其中，双向AC/DC变换电路201可用于将交流电压转换为直流电压，也可以用于将直流电压转换为交流电压；单向DC/DC变换电路202可用于直流电压和直流电压间的单向变换；双向DC/DC变换电路203可用于直流电压和直流电压间的双向变换。
双向AC/DC变换电路201，用于将接收的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压，或者将双向DC/DC变换电路203输出的第二直流电压转换为第二交流电压。
单向DC/DC变换电路202，用于将第一直流电压的第一分量转换为第三直流电压。
双向DC/DC变换电路203，用于将第一直流电压的第二分量转换为第四直流电压，或者将接收的第五直流电压转换为第二直流电压；第一分量和第二分量构成第一直流电压。
其中，第三直流电压的电压值可以与第四直流电压的电压值相等。那么，单向DC/DC 变换电路202的第二直流端(输出第三直流电压)可以与被充电设备(例如动力电池)电连接，双向DC/DC变换电路203的第二直流端(输出第四直流电压)也可以与被充电设备电连接。即，单向DC/DC变换电路202和双向DC/DC变换电路203分别对第一直流电压的两个分量进行整流，二者的输出并联后连接被充电设备，从而为被充电设备充电。
进一步地，第三直流电压和第四直流电压的正负方向可以相同。第三直流电压和第四直流电压的正负方向相同，其具体含义可以是：若单向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端与双向DC/DC变换电路的第二直流端均与被充电设备(例如动力电池)并联，则单向DC/DC变换电路的第二输出端中输出高电平的一端与动力电池的正极连接，输出低电平的一端与动力电池的负极连接，该高电平与低电平的电压之差等于第三直流电压；同样地，双向DC/DC变换电路的第二输出端中输出高电平的一端与动力电池的正极连接，输出低电平的一端与动力电池的负极连接，该高电平与低电平的电压之差等于第四直流电压。
此外，本申请实施例中，双向AC/DC变换电路201的交流端可以与交流电源或用电设备电连接，该交流电压用于输出第一交流电压，该用电设备的额定电压可以是第二交流电压。其中，该用电设备可以是电磁炉、电饭煲、手机、导航、电视、笔记本等终端。
当车载充放电装置200用于为被充电设备充电时，双向AC/DC变换电路201将交流电源输出的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压；单向DC/DC变换电路202和双向DC/DC变换电路203并联工作，单向DC/DC变换电路202用于将第一直流电压的第一分量转换为被充电设备可用的第三直流电压，双向DC/DC变换电路203用于将第一直流电压的第二分量转换为被充电设备可用的第四直流电压，单向DC/DC变换电路202的第二直流端以及双向DC/DC变换电路203的第二直流端均与被充电设备连接。其中，第一直流电压的第一分量和第一直流电压的第二分量构成第一直流电压。例如第一直流电压为310V，第一直流电压的第一分量可以为155V，第一直流电压的第二分量可以为155V。
具体地，为被充电设备充电时，车载充放电装置200的等效电路可以如图3所示。此时双向AC/DC变换电路201的交流端作为车载充放电装置200的输入端，单向DC/DC变换电路202的第二直流端和双向DC/DC变换电路203的第二直流端并联后作为车载充放电装置200的输出端。具体实现时，被充电设备可以是动力电池，采用图3所示的车载充放电装置200可以通过交流电源为动力电池充电。
应理解，采用双向AC/DC变换电路201对第一交流电压进行整流后得到的第一直流电压的波动较大，且第一直流电压的电压值也难以满足被充电设备的电压需求，因此，还需要通过单向DC/DC变换电路202和双向AC/DC变换电路201对第一直流电压进行整流和调压处理，从而输出被充电设备可用的第三直流电压和第四直流电压。
当车载充放电装置200用于对被充电设备放电时，单向DC/DC变换电路202由于只能进行单向DC/DC变换，因而单向DC/DC变换电路202此时不工作。也就是说，被充电设备放电时，车载充放电装置200中只有部分电路工作。具体地，双向DC/DC变换电路203用于将被充电设备输出的第五直流电压转换为第二直流电压，双向AC/DC变换电路201用于将双向DC/DC变换电路203输出的第二直流电压转换为用电设备可用的第二交流电压。
具体地，被充电设备放电时，车载充放电装置200的等效电路可以如图4所示。此时，双向DC/DC变换电路203的第二直流端作为车载充放电装置200的输入端，双向AC/DC变换电路201的交流端作为车载充放电装置200的输出端。
具体实现时，用电设备可以是车载用电设备，也可以是另一动力电池。采用图4所示的车载充放电装置200可以通过动力电池为车载用电设备(V2L)供电或者为另一动力电池充电(V2V)。
示例性地，用电设备可以是电磁炉、电饭煲等车载用电设备，被充电设备可以是动力电池；那么，动力电池放电时，可以输出90V～400V的直流电，动力电池输出的直流电经过双向DC/DC变换电路203进行调压处理后输出至双向AC/DC变换电路201，双向AC/DC变换电路201对双向DC/DC变换电路203输出的直流电进行DC/AC变换，输出220V的交流电，以供电磁炉、电饭煲等设备使用。其中，经过双向DC/DC变换电路203的调压处理后，可以使得双向AC/DC变换电路201输出的交流电满足电磁炉、电饭煲等设备的额定电压需求。
示例性地，用电设备和被充电设备可以分别为两辆新能源汽车上的动力电池，其中被充电设备的电量大于用电设备的电量，此时被充电设备可通过车载充放电装置200为用电设备充电。具体地，被充电设备放电时，可以输出90V～400V的直流电，被充电设备输出的直流电经过双向DC/DC变换电路203进行调压处理后输出至双向AC/DC变换电路201，双向AC/DC变换电路201对双向DC/DC变换电路203输出的直流电进行DC/AC变换，输出交流电，从而为另一新能源汽车的动力电池充电。
应理解，若直接通过双向AC/DC变换电路201对被充电设备输出的第五直流电压进行逆变，输出电压可能难以满足用电设备的电压需求，因此，可以先通过双向DC/DC变换电路203对第五直流电压进行整流和调压并输出第二直流电压，然后通过双向AC/DC变换电路201对第二直流电压进行逆变处理，从而输出用电设备可用的第二交流电压。
为了便于描述，本申请实施例中将车载充放电装置200的充电过程称为“正向充电”，将车载充放电装置200的放电过程称为“逆向放电”。
实际应用中，车载充放电装置200可以固定在新能源汽车上，用电设备可以通过新能源汽车上的固定接口与车载充放电装置200连接。示例性地，电磁炉、电饭煲等设备的电源插头可以直接插入该固定接口，从而实现动力电池为电磁炉、电饭煲供电。在另一种实现方式中，车载充放电装置200也可以设置成灵活可拆卸的形式，即新能源汽车上设有固定接口，以实现车载充放电装置200与被充电设备的连接。在这种情况下，车载充放电装置200可以视为独立于新能源汽车的装置。
具体实现时，双向AC/DC变换电路201、单向DC/DC变换电路202、双向DC/DC变换电路203可以由开关管、二极管、电感、电容等器件组成。双向AC/DC变换电路201、单向DC/DC变换电路202、双向DC/DC变换电路203的工作状态可以通过调节这些器件(例如开关管)的工作状态来实现。
本申请中，可以通过控制器实现上述工作状态的调节。即，车载充放电装置200还可以包括控制器，该控制器用于控制双向AC/DC变换电路将第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压，控制单向DC/DC变换电路202将第一分量转换为第三直流电压，以及控制双向DC/DC变换电路203将第二分量转换为第四直流电压，此时车载充放电装置200“正向充电”。
此外，该控制器还可以用于控制双向DC/DC变换电路203将第五直流电压转换为第二直流电压；以及，控制双向AC/DC变换电路201将第二直流电压转换为第二交流电压，此时车载充放电装置200“逆向放电”。
具体地，若车载充放电装置200的各电路中的开关管为金属氧化物半导体(metal oxide semiconductor，MOS)管，该控制器可以与MOS管的栅极连接，从通过控制MOS管的通断使得车载充放电装置200实现整流或逆变；若车载充放电装置200的各电路中的开关管为双极结型晶体管(bipolar junction transistor，BJT)，该控制器可以与BJT的基极连接，从通过控制BJT的通断使得车载充放电装置200实现整流或逆变。
具体实现时，控制器可以是微控制单元(micro controller unit，MCU)、中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、数字信号处理器(digital singnal processor，DSP)中的任一种。当然，控制器的具体形态不限于上述举例。
下面，对车载充放电装置200中的双向AC/DC变换电路201、单向DC/DC变换电路202和双向DC/DC变换电路203的具体结构进行介绍。
一、双向AC/DC变换电路201
双向AC/DC变换电路201的交流端可以为三相交流端，三相交流端中的第一交流端通过开关单元与负母线(N)连接。
其中，设置开关单元的作用是：在车载充放电装置200用于“正向充电”时，可以通过开关单元的切换使双向AC/DC变换电路201实现三相整流和单相整流之间的切换。例如，开关单元闭合时，双向AC/DC变换电路201实现单相整流；开关单元断开时，双向AC/DC变换电路201实现三相整流。在车载充放电装置200用于“逆向放电”时，可通过将开关单元闭合实现单相逆变，其中第一交流端所在的相线可以作为负输出端，三相交流端中另外两个交流端中的任一个作为正输出端。
实际应用中，开关单元的通断也可以通过前述控制器进行控制。
具体地，双向AC/DC变换电路201包括：第一单相变换器、第二单相变换器和第三单相变换器、第一母线电容和第二母线电容；其中，第一母线电容的正端与正母线(P)连接，第一母线电容的负端与第二母线电容的正端连接，第二母线电容的负端与负母线(N)连接；第一单相变换器的交流端为第一交流端，第二单相变换器的交流端为三相交流端中的第二交流端，第三单相变换器的交流端为三相交流端中的第三交流端；第一单相变换器的直流端、第二单相变换器的直流端和第三单相变换器的直流端均与第一母线电容的负端连接。
不难看出，双向AC/DC变换电路201可以通过三个单相变换器采用Y型连接实现。当开关单元断开时，第一单相变换器、第二单相变换器和第三单相变换器用于实现三相AC/DC变换；当开关单元闭合时，第一单相变换器和第二单相变换器用于实现单相AC/DC变换或者单相DC/AC变换。
也就是说，当开关单元断开时，双向AC/DC变换电路201工作在三相状态，用于三相整流；当开关单元闭合时，双向AC/DC变换电路201工作在单相状态。第一单相变换器的直流端可以作为单相AC/DC的负输出端，此时第二单相变换器的直流端可以作为单相AC/DC的正输出端。或者，第一单相变换器的交流端可以作为单相DC/AC的负输出端，此时第二单相变换器的交流端可以作为单相DC/AC的正输出端。
在一种实现方式中，在双向AC/DC变换电路201中，第一母线电容可以与单向DC/DC变换电路202连接，第二母线电容则与双向DC/DC变换电路203连接。那么，在车载充放电装置200正向充电时，第一母线电容为单向DC/DC变换电路202提供第一直流电压的第一分量，第二母线电容为双向DC/DC变换电路203提供第一直流电压的第二分量； 在车载充放电装置200逆向放电时，与双向DC/DC变换电路203连接的第二母线电容上的电压为第二直流电压。
在另一种实现方式中，在双向AC/DC变换电路201中，第一母线电容可以与双向DC/DC变换电路203连接，第二母线电容则与单向DC/DC变换电路202连接。那么，在车载充放电装置200正向充电时，第二母线电容为单向DC/DC变换电路202提供第一直流电压的第一分量，第一母线电容为双向DC/DC变换电路203提供第一直流电压的第二分量；在车载充放电装置200逆向放电时，与双向DC/DC变换电路203连接的第一母线电容上的电压为第二直流电压。
下面给出一种单相变换器的具体结构。
具体地，第一单相变换器包括：第一电感，第一电感的第一端与第一交流端连接；第一双向开关，第一双向开关跨接在第一电感的第二端以及第一母线电容的负端之间；第一二极管和第一开关管，第一二极管跨接在正母线(P)和第一电感的第二端之间、第一开关管跨接在负母线(N)和第一电感的第二端之间，或者，第一二极管跨接在负母线(N)和第一电感的第二端之间、第一开关管跨接在正母线(P)和第一电感的第二端之间。
第二单相变换器包括：第二电感，第二电感的第一端与第二交流端连接；第二双向开关，第二双向开关跨接在第二电感的第二端以及第一母线电容的负端之间；第二二极管和第二开关管，第二二极管跨接在正母线(P)和第二电感的第二端之间、第二开关管跨接在负母线(N)和第二电感的第二端之间，或者，第二二极管跨接在负母线(N)和第二电感的第二端之间、第二开关管跨接在正母线(P)和第二电感的第二端之间。
第三单相变换器包括：第三电感，第三电感的第一端与第三交流端连接；第三双向开关，第三双向开关跨接在第三电感的第二端以及第一母线电容的负端之间；第三二极管和第四二极管，第三二极管跨接在正母线(P)和第三电感的第二端之间、第四二极管跨接在负母线(N)和第三电感的第二端之间。
其中，第一双向开关包括反向串联的第三开关管和第四开关管；第二双向开关包括反向串联的第五开关管和第六开关管；第三双向开关包括反向串联的第七开关管和第八开关管。也就是说，本申请实施例中的双向开关包括两个反向串联的开关管，从而利用开关管中固有的反并联体二极管实现双向开关的开关特性。
应理解，在第一单相变换器中，第一电感可以是独立电感，也可以是耦合电感；同样地，在第二单相变换器中，第二电感可以是独立电感，也可以是耦合电感；在第三单相变换器中，第三电感可以是独立电感，也可以是耦合电感。
为了便于理解，下面给出双向AC/DC变换电路201的两个具体示例。
参见图5为本申请实施例提供的一种双向AC/DC变换电路201的结构示意图。在图5中，L2可以视为第一电感，D2可以视为第一二极管，Q8可以视为第一开关管，Q3和Q4组成第一双向开关，Q3可以视为第三开关管，Q4可以视为第四开关管，L2、D2、Q8、Q3和Q4组成第一单相变换器。同样地，L1可以视为第二电感，D1可以视为第二二极管，Q7可以视为第二开关管，Q1和Q2组成第二双向开关，Q1可以视为第五开关管，Q2可以视为第六开关管，L1、D1、Q7、Q1、Q2组成第二单相变换器。L3可以视为第三电感，D3可以视为第三二极管，D4可以视为第四二极管，Q5和Q6组成第三双向开关，Q5可以视为第七开关管，Q6可以视为第八开关管，L3、D3、D4、Q5和Q6组成第三单相变换器。此外，S1可以视为开关单元，C1可以视为第一母线电容，C2可以视为第二母线电容， Vb可以视为第一交流端，Va可以视为第二交流端，Vc可以视为第三交流端。
图5所示的双向AC/DC变换电路201中各器件的连接关系可以是：二极管D1的阳极与MOS管Q7的漏极连接，二极管D2的阳极与MOS管Q8的漏极连接，二极管D3的阳极与二极管D4的阴极连接，D1、D2和D3的阴极相连，Q7的源极、Q8的源极和D4的阳极相连。
通过图5所示的双向AC/DC变换电路201实现三相整流时，S1断开，Va、Vb和Vc作为三相输入端，A和B作为直流输出端，能量从左向右传输，将左侧输入的三相交流电转换为直流电后输出；实现单相整流时，S1闭合，Va和Vb作为交流输入端，A和B作为直流输出端，能量从左向右传输，将左侧输入的单相交流电转换为直流电后输出；实现单相逆变时，S1闭合，B和C作为直流输入端，用于接收双向DC/DC变换电路203输出的直流电，Va和Vb作为交流输出端，能量从右向左传输，将右侧输入的直流电转换为单相交流电后通过Va和Vb输出。
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种双向AC/DC变换电路201的结构示意图。在图6中，L2、D3、Q8、Q3、Q4组成第一单相变换器，L1、D2、Q7、Q1、Q2组成第二单相变换器，L3、D1、D4、Q5、Q6组成第三单相变换器。各器件的连接关系可以如图6所示。图6所示的双向AC/DC变换电路可以通过对图5所示的双向AC/DC变换电路201进行改动后得到：将图5所示的双向AC/DC变换电路201中的两个开关管Q7、Q8的位置和与其连接的二极管的位置对换可以形成图6所示的双向AC/DC变换电路201。
应理解，如图5和图6所示，本申请实施例中的双向AC/DC变换电路201可以视为对传统维也纳(Vienna)电路改进后得到。图7示出了传统维也纳电路的结构示意图。其中，Va、Vb和Vc作为三相输入端，A和B作为直流输出端，可以在实现整流的同时实现PFC功能。可以看出，在维也纳电路中，电感和双向开关的设置与双向AC/DC变换电路201相同。但是，对于其余部分，维也纳电路由六个二极管组成，而双向AC/DC变换电路201由两个开关管和四个二极管组成。也就是说，本申请实施例中的双向AC/DC变换电路201可以通过将维也纳电路中的部分二极管替换为开关管实现。
传统维也纳电路仅用于实现整流，而不能实现逆变。通过上述对维也纳电路的改进，可以通过增加较少数量的开关管(两个)实现逆变功能。与现有技术采用全桥结构实现逆变相比，可以减少车载充放电装置200中开关管的数量，从而降低设计成本。
此外，双向AC/DC变换电路201采用上述结构，除了可以实现AC/DC变换、DC/AC变换之外，还可以通过控制双向AC/DC变换电路201中的双向开关的通断获得高功率因数和低电流谐波，因而双向AC/DC变换电路201也可以视为功率因数校正(power factor correction，PFC)模块。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的开关管包括但不限于互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor，CMOS)管、MOS管、BJT、碳化硅(SiC)功率管，本申请实施例对开关管的具体类型不做限定。在本申请各附图的示例中，均以开关管为MOS为例进行示意。实际应用中，开关管也可以采用其他类型。当开关管采用其他类型时，开关管的各个端口的名称会有所不同，但功能基本一致。示例性地，开关管为BJT时，BJT中的基极相当于MOS中的栅极；BJT中的集电极相当于MOS中的漏极；BJT中的发射极相当于MOS中的源极。因此，本申请中基于MOS管实现的车载充放电装置，可以与基于BJT实现的车载充放电装置等同。
由于开关管采用其他类型时的实现方式与原理与采用MOS工艺时类似，因此本申请实施例中均以开关管采用MOS管为例进行示意，不再对采用其他类型时的具体实现方式做详细介绍。
当然，以上对双向AC/DC变换电路201的结构的介绍仅为示例，实际应用中，双向AC/DC变换电路201也可以采用其他结构，例如双向AC/DC变换电路201可以是三相全控桥式电路，用于实现三相整流和三相逆变。
二、单向DC/DC变换电路202
单向DC/DC变换电路202可以包括：第一H桥整流电路，第一H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对第一分量进行调压；第一隔离变压器，第一隔离变压器的原边绕组与第一H桥整流电路耦合，第一隔离变压器的副边绕组与第二H桥整流电路耦合；第二H桥整流电路，第二H桥整流电路由二极管组成，用于对调压后的第一分量进行整流，输出第三直流电压。
本申请实施例中，单向DC/DC变换电路202可以采用现有结构，即由两个H桥整流电路和一个隔离变压器组成。其中，第一H桥整流电路的输入端可以与双向AC/DC变换电路201中的第一母线电容的两端连接(此时第一母线电容两端的电压为第一直流电压的第一分量)，也可以与双向AC/DC变换电路201中的第二母线电容的两端连接(此时第二母线电容两端的电压为第一直流电压的第一分量)。
采用上述单向DC/DC变换电路，可以对第一直流电压的第一分量进行调压和整流处理，还可以实现交流电源与被充电设备的隔离。
示例性地，单向DC/DC变换电路202的结构可以如图8所示。图8中，A和B作为直流输入端，C和D作为直流输出端，MOS管Q9、Q10、Q11和Q12组成第一H桥整流电路，二极管D5、D6、D7、D8组成第二H桥整流电路，L4和T1组成第一隔离变压器。其中，L4和T1可以是分立结构，也可以采用磁集成方式。
三、双向DC/DC变换电路203
双向DC/DC变换电路203可以包括：第三H桥整流电路，第三H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对输入的第一分量进行调压；第二隔离变压器，第二隔离变压器的原边绕组与第三H桥整流电路耦合，第二隔离变压器的副边绕组与第四H桥整流电路耦合；第四H桥整流电路，第四H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对调压后的第二分量进行整流，输出第四直流电压。
双向AC/DC变换电路201可以实现双向DC/DC变换。当车载充放电装置200“正向充电”时，第三H桥整流电路用于对输入的第一分量进行调压，第四H桥整流电路用于对调压后的第二分量进行整流，输出第四直流电压；此外，当车载充放电装置200“逆向放电”时，第四H桥整流电路还用于对第五直流电压进行调压，第三H桥整流电路还用于对调压后的第五直流电压进行整流，输出第二直流电压。
本申请实施例中，双向AC/DC变换电路201可以由两个H桥整流电路和一个隔离变压器组成。与单向DC/DC变换电路202不同的是，单向DC/DC变换电路202中的第二H桥整流电路是由二极管组成的，第二H桥整流电路仅能实现能量的单向传输(从左向右)，而双向AC/DC变换电路201中的第四H桥整流电路是由开关管组成的，可以实现能量的 双向传输。
采用上述单向DC/DC变换电路，正向充电时，可以对第一直流电压的第二分量进行调压和整流处理，还可以实现交流电源与被充电设备的隔离；逆向放电时，可以对被充电设备输出的第五直流电压进行调压和整流处理。
示例性地，双向DC/DC变换电路203可以如图9所示。图9中，MOS管Q13、Q14、Q15和Q16组成第三H桥整流电路，MOS管Q17、Q18、Q19和Q20组成第四H桥整流电路，L5、L6和T2组成第二隔离变压器。其中，L5、L6和T2可以是分立结构，也可以采用磁集成方式。当车载充放电装置200正向充电时，A和B作为直流输入端，用于接收双向AC/DC变换电路201的输出，C和D作为直流输出端，与被充电设备连接；当车载充放电装置200逆向放电时，C和D作为直流输入端，用于接收被充电设备输出的直流电，A和B作为直流输出端，用于向双向AC/DC变换电路201输出直流电。
应用于正向充电场景时，图8所示的单向DC/DC变换电路以及图9所示的双向DC/DC变换电路中，第二H桥整流电路输出的第三直流电压和第四H桥整流电路输出的第四直流电压的电压值大小相等、正负方向相同。那么，图8中第二H桥整流电路的输出端C和图9中第四H桥整流电路的输出端C可以与动力电池的正极连接，图8中第二H桥整流电路的输出端D和图9中第四H桥整流电路的输出端D可以与动力电池的负极连接，从而为动力电池充电。
结合以上描述，示例地，本申请实施例提供的一种车载充放电装置可以如图10所示。
在双向AC/DC变换电路中，交流侧输入各相线分别与电感L1、L2、L3相连接；双向AC/DC变换电路包括二极管D1、D2、D3、D4，开关管Q7、Q8，以及开关管Q1/Q2/Q3/Q4/Q5/Q6组成的三个双向开关。D1、D2、D3的阴极和电容C1连接；Q1和Q2组成双向开关，一端与Q7和D1的中间接点以及L1的一端连接，另一端与C1和C2的中间接点连接；Q3和Q4组成双向开关，一端与Q8和D2的中间接点以及L2的一端连接，另一端与C1和C2的中间接点连接；Q5和Q6组成双向开关，一端与D3和D4的中间接点以及L3的一端连接，另一端与C1和C2的中间接点连接。以上开关管的栅极均与外部控制电路(或控制器)连接，控制电路通过控制开关管的通断实现车载充放电装置的相应功能。
在单向DC/DC变换电路中，开关管Q9/Q10/Q11/Q12组成H桥，Q9和Q10的漏极与C1正端连接，Q11和Q12的源极与C1的负端连接；Q9和Q11的连接中间节点与C3连接，C3后连接L4，L4后连接T1的原边侧绕组，Q10和Q12的中间节点连接T1原边绕组的另一端。二极管D5/D6/D7/D8组成整流电路，D5和D7的连接中间节点与T1的副边绕组一端连接，D6和D8的连接中间节点与T1的副边绕组另一端连接；D5和D6的阴极与电池正极连接，D7和D8的阳极与电池负极连接。
在双向DC/DC变换电路中，开关管Q13/Q14/Q15/Q16组成H桥，Q13和Q14的漏极与C2正端连接，Q15和Q16的源极与C2的负端连接；Q13和Q15的连接中间节点与C4连接，C4后连接L5，L5后连接T2的原边侧绕组，Q14和Q16的中间节点连接T2原边绕组的另一端。开关管Q17/Q18/Q19/Q20组成H桥电路，Q17和Q19的连接中间节点与C5后端连接，C5前端与L6后端连接，L6前端与变压器T2的副边绕组一端连接，Q18和Q20的连接中间节点与T2的副边绕组另一端连接；Q17和Q18的漏极与电池正极连接， Q19和Q20的源极与电池负极连接。
不难看出，单向DC/DC变换电路的前端和C1连接，双向DC/DC变换电路的前端和C2连接，单向DC/DC变换电路和双向DC/DC变换电路的输出并联，后端连接电池。
在图10所示的车载充放电装置中，双向AC/DC变换电路在传统维也纳电路的基础上改进，将部分二极管替换为开关管(Q7和Q8)；在整流部分，部分电路采用二极管整流(单向DC/DC变换电路)，部分电路采用开关管整流(双向DC/DC变换电路)，逆变时采用开关管组成的整流电路(双向DC/DC变换电路)进行整流。
当图10所示的车载充放电装置用于三相整流时，开关S断开。Va、Vb和Vc作为车载充放电装置的三相输入端，与动力电池并联的两端作为车载充放电装置的直流输出端。
当图10所示的车载充放电装置用于单相整流或单相逆变时，开关S1闭合，Q9/Q10/Q11/Q12常通，其工作电路简化如图11所示。根据能量传输方向，从左到右为整流状态(此时Va和Vb作为车载充放电装置的交流输入端，与动力电池并联的两端作为车载充放电装置的直流输出端)，从右到左为逆变状态(此时与动力电池并联的两端作为车载充放电装置的直流输入端，Va和Vb作为车载充放电装置的交流输出端)。以单相逆变为例，动力电池后连双向DC/DC变换电路，双向DC/DC变换电路后连双向AC/DC变换电路。在双向AC/DC变换电路中，Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4作为逆变H桥的上半部分，Q7和Q8作为逆变H桥的下半部分，即双向AC/DC变换电路中局部电路工作。
由于单相逆变时单向DC/DC变换电路不工作，且双向AC/DC变换电路中仅有部分二极管和开关管工作，因而对图10所示的车载充放电装置来说，其正向充电功率大于逆向放电功率。
结合以上描述，示例性地，本申请实施例提供的另一种车载充放电装置可以如图12所示。图12所示车载充放电装置与图10所示的车载充放电装置类似，只是将双向AC/DC变换电路中两个开关管与二极管的位置对换，相应地，将单向DC/DC变换电路与双向DC/DC变换电路的位置对换。
当图12所示的车载充放电装置用于三相整流时，开关S断开。Va、Vb和Vc作为车载充放电装置的三相输入端，与动力电池并联的两端作为车载充放电装置的直流输出端。
当图12所示的车载充放电装置用于单相整流或单相逆变时，开关S1闭合，Q13/Q14/Q15/Q16常通，其工作电路简化如图13所示。根据能量传输方向，从左到右为整流状态(此时Va和Vb作为车载充放电装置的交流输入端，与动力电池并联的两端作为车载充放电装置的直流输出端)，从右到左为逆变状态(此时与动力电池并联的两端作为车载充放电装置的直流输入端，Va和Vb作为车载充放电装置的交流输出端)。以单相逆变为例，动力电池后连双向DC/DC变换电路，双向DC/DC变换电路后连双向AC/DC变换电路。在双向AC/DC变换电路中，Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4作为逆变H桥的下半部分，Q7和Q8作为逆变H桥的上半部分，即双向AC/DC变换电路中局部电路工作。
由于单相逆变时单向DC/DC变换电路不工作，且双向AC/DC变换电路中仅有部分二极管和开关管工作，因而对图12所示的车载充放电装置来说，其正向充电功率大于逆向放电功率。
采用本申请实施例提供的车载充放电装置200，当车载充放电装置200用于为被充电 设备充电时，双向AC/DC变换电路201将交流电源输出的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压；单向DC/DC变换电路202和双向DC/DC变换电路203并联工作，单向DC/DC变换电路202用于将第一直流电压的第一分量转换为被充电设备可用的第三直流电压，双向DC/DC变换电路203用于将第一直流电压的第二分量转换为被充电设备可用的第四直流电压。因此，在为被充电设备充电时，车载充放电装置200中的全部电路均工作，因而可以实现大功率充电。
当车载充放电装置200用于对被充电设备放电时，单向DC/DC变换电路202由于只能进行单向DC/DC变换，因而单向DC/DC变换电路202此时不工作。也就是说，被充电设备放电时，车载充放电装置200中只有部分电路工作。因此，在被充电设备放电时，车载充放电装置200中仅有部分电路(双向AC/DC变换电路201和双向DC/DC变换电路203)工作，因而可以实现小功率逆变。
综上，采用本申请实施例提供的车载充放电装置200，可以实现大功率充电和小功率逆变。
基于同一发明构思，本申请实施例还提供一种充放电系统。参见图14，该充放电系统1400包括交流电源1401以及前述车载充放电装置200，该交流电源1401用于向车载充放电装置200供电。也就是说，该交流电源1401可以输出第一交流电压。
可选地，该充放电系统1400还包括被充电设备，车载充放电装置200用于向该被充电设备充电。
具体地，被充电设备可以是动力电池。例如，镍氢电池、锂电池、铅酸电池等动力电池。该充放电系统在放电时可以给负载充电，具体地，如电磁炉、电饭煲、手机等终端。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
此外，应理解，本申请实施例中提供的系统结构和业务场景主要是为了解释本申请的技术方案的一些可能的实施方式，不应被解读为对本申请的技术方案的唯一性限定。本领域普通技术人员可以知晓，随着系统的演进，以及更新的业务场景的出现，本申请提供的技术方案对于相同或类似的技术问题仍然可以适用。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种车载充放电装置，其特征在于，包括双向交流转直流AC/DC变换电路、单向直流转直流DC/DC变换电路和双向DC/DC变换电路；所述双向AC/DC变换电路的直流端与所述单向DC/DC变换电路的第一直流端以及所述双向DC/DC变换电路的第一直流端电连接；
    所述双向AC/DC变换电路，用于将接收的第一交流电压转换为第一直流电压，或者将所述双向DC/DC变换电路输出的第二直流电压转换为第二交流电压；
    所述单向DC/DC变换电路，用于将所述第一直流电压的第一分量转换为第三直流电压；
    所述双向DC/DC变换电路，用于将所述第一直流电压的第二分量转换为第四直流电压，或者将接收的第五直流电压转换为所述第二直流电压；所述第一分量和所述第二分量构成所述第一直流电压；所述第三直流电压的电压值与所述第四直流电压的电压值相等。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    控制器，用于控制所述双向AC/DC变换电路将所述第一交流电压转换为所述第一直流电压，控制所述单向DC/DC变换电路将所述第一分量转换为所述第三直流电压，控制所述双向DC/DC变换电路将所述第二分量转换为所述第四直流电压。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于：
    控制所述双向DC/DC变换电路将所述第五直流电压转换为所述第二直流电压；以及，控制所述双向AC/DC变换电路将所述第二直流电压转换为所述第二交流电压。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述双向AC/DC变换电路的交流端为三相交流端，所述三相交流端中的第一交流端通过开关单元与负母线连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述双向AC/DC变换电路包括：第一单相变换器、第二单相变换器和第三单相变换器、第一母线电容和第二母线电容；
    其中，所述第一母线电容的正端与正母线连接，所述第一母线电容的负端与所述第二母线电容的正端连接，所述第二母线电容的负端与所述负母线连接；所述第一单相变换器的交流端为所述第一交流端，所述第二单相变换器的交流端为所述三相交流端中的第二交流端，所述第三单相变换器的交流端为所述三相交流端中的第三交流端；所述第一单相变换器的直流端、所述第二单相变换器的直流端和所述第三单相变换器的直流端均与所述第一母线电容的负端连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，当所述开关单元断开时，所述第一单相变换器、所述第二单相变换器和所述第三单相变换器用于实现三相AC/DC变换；
    当所述开关单元闭合时，所述第一单相变换器和所述第二单相变换器用于实现单相AC/DC变换或者单相DC/AC变换。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一单相变换器包括：第一电感，所述第一电感的第一端与所述第一交流端连接；第一双向开关，所述第一双向开关跨接在所述第一电感的第二端以及所述第一母线电容的负端之间；第一二极管和第一开关管，所述第一二极管跨接在所述正母线和所述第一电感的第二端之间、所述第一 开关管跨接在所述负母线和所述第一电感的第二端之间，或者，所述第一二极管跨接在所述负母线和所述第一电感的第二端之间、所述第一开关管跨接在所述正母线和所述第一电感的第二端之间；
    所述第二单相变换器包括：第二电感，所述第二电感的第一端与所述第二交流端连接；第二双向开关，所述第二双向开关跨接在所述第二电感的第二端以及所述第一母线电容的负端之间；第二二极管和第二开关管，所述第二二极管跨接在所述正母线和所述第二电感的第二端之间、所述第二开关管跨接在所述负母线和所述第二电感的第二端之间，或者，所述第二二极管跨接在所述负母线和所述第二电感的第二端之间、所述第二开关管跨接在所述正母线和所述第二电感的第二端之间；
    所述第三单相变换器包括：第三电感，所述第三电感的第一端与所述第三交流端连接；第三双向开关，所述第三双向开关跨接在所述第三电感的第二端以及所述第一母线电容的负端之间；第三二极管和第四二极管，所述第三二极管跨接在所述正母线和所述第三电感的第二端之间、所述第四二极管跨接在所述负母线和所述第三电感的第二端之间。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一双向开关包括反向串联的第三开关管和第四开关管；所述第二双向开关包括反向串联的第五开关管和第六开关管；所述第三双向开关包括反向串联的第七开关管和第八开关管。
  9. 如权利要求1～8任一项所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述单向DC/DC变换电路包括：
    第一H桥整流电路，所述第一H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对所述第一分量进行调压；
    第一隔离变压器，所述第一隔离变压器的原边绕组与所述第一H桥整流电路耦合，所述第一隔离变压器的副边绕组与第二H桥整流电路耦合；
    所述第二H桥整流电路，所述第二H桥整流电路由二极管组成，用于对调压后的所述第一分量进行整流，输出所述第三直流电压。
  10. 如权利要求1～9任一项所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述双向DC/DC变换电路包括：
    第三H桥整流电路，所述第三H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对输入的所述第一分量进行调压；
    第二隔离变压器，所述第二隔离变压器的原边绕组与所述第三H桥整流电路耦合，所述第二隔离变压器的副边绕组与第四H桥整流电路耦合；
    所述第四H桥整流电路，所述第四H桥整流电路由开关管组成，用于对调压后的所述第二分量进行整流，输出所述第四直流电压。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的车载充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第四H桥整流电路还用于：
    对所述第五直流电压进行调压；
    所述第三H桥整流电路还用于：
    对调压后的所述第五直流电压进行整流，输出所述第二直流电压。
  12. 一种充放电系统，其特征在于，包括交流电源和如权利要求1至11任一项所述的车载充放电装置，所述交流电源用于向所述车载充放电装置供电。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：被充电设备，所述车载充放 电装置用于向所述被充电设备充电。
PCT/CN2020/080521 2019-06-25 2020-03-20 一种车载充放电装置和系统 WO2020258939A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20831894.9A EP3922504A4 (en) 2019-06-25 2020-03-20 VEHICLE MOUNTED LOADER/UNLOADER DEVICE AND SYSTEM

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910555094.1A CN110356268B (zh) 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 一种车载充放电装置和系统
CN201910555094.1 2019-06-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020258939A1 true WO2020258939A1 (zh) 2020-12-30

Family

ID=68217072

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/080521 WO2020258939A1 (zh) 2019-06-25 2020-03-20 一种车载充放电装置和系统

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3922504A4 (zh)
CN (1) CN110356268B (zh)
WO (1) WO2020258939A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112810469A (zh) * 2021-01-08 2021-05-18 东风柳州汽车有限公司 充放电转换电路、控制方法及充放电合用枪头
CN113141048A (zh) * 2021-04-01 2021-07-20 联合汽车电子有限公司 车载充电机电路、车载充电器和电动汽车
US11597286B2 (en) * 2018-09-24 2023-03-07 Entrust Smart Home Microgrid Ltd Charging apparatus for use in an electric vehicle charging system

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110356268B (zh) * 2019-06-25 2021-08-03 华为技术有限公司 一种车载充放电装置和系统
CN111002861A (zh) * 2019-12-16 2020-04-14 成都广通汽车有限公司 电压转换方法、装置以及设备
CN115693743A (zh) * 2020-02-27 2023-02-03 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种供电装置、供电系统及数据中心
EP4120504A4 (en) * 2020-03-31 2023-09-06 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. BIDIRECTIONAL ENERGY TRANSMISSION DEVICE, ON-BOARD CHARGER AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CN114337333A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-04-12 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种转换电路、转换器及电子设备
CN114172242A (zh) * 2021-12-13 2022-03-11 国网电动汽车服务有限公司 一种双向充放电系统及其控制方法
CN114726035A (zh) * 2022-03-31 2022-07-08 岚图汽车科技有限公司 充放电系统、接口及设备
DE102022001420A1 (de) * 2022-04-25 2022-06-15 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Ladevorrichtung zum direktionalen Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Fahrzeugs
CN117526479A (zh) * 2022-07-29 2024-02-06 比亚迪股份有限公司 充放电电路、充放电控制方法和车辆

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160114693A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicular charge/discharge system
CN105576731A (zh) * 2014-10-17 2016-05-11 天宝电子（惠州）有限公司 一种车载充电与逆变双向变流电源系统
CN206148997U (zh) * 2016-10-09 2017-05-03 长沙市比亚迪汽车有限公司 一种车载充电器以及具有该车载充电器的电动大巴
JP2017112672A (ja) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 富士電機株式会社 車載型充電装置
CN108512256A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-09-07 河北工业大学 一种多功能车载充放电一体化系统
CN108973703A (zh) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-11 杭州富特科技股份有限公司 车载充电系统
CN109733212A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-05-10 赵睿忱 一种电动汽车
CN208947111U (zh) * 2018-10-18 2019-06-07 北京睿来电控科技有限公司 用于电动汽车的分布式双向驱动充电电能变换系统
CN110356268A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2019-10-22 华为技术有限公司 一种车载充放电装置和系统

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102570560B (zh) * 2012-01-18 2014-07-09 华北电力大学（保定） V2g双向功率变换电动汽车充放电系统及其控制方法
US10507716B2 (en) * 2016-04-25 2019-12-17 General Electric Company Integrated charger for vehicles and method of making same
FR3060230B1 (fr) * 2016-12-14 2019-01-25 Renault S.A.S Procede de commande d'un dispositif de charge embarque sur un vehicule electrique ou hybride.
KR102657321B1 (ko) * 2016-12-15 2024-04-12 현대자동차주식회사 충전기
FR3061819B1 (fr) * 2017-01-12 2021-06-18 Renault Sas Chargeur de batterie d'accumulateurs electriques bidirectionnel.
CN108075651A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-25 杭州富特科技股份有限公司 车载充电装置及系统
CN109861357A (zh) * 2018-09-07 2019-06-07 台达电子工业股份有限公司 充放电方法与装置
CN109703399B (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-05-18 台达电子企业管理（上海）有限公司 车载充放电系统及其所适用的控制方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105576731A (zh) * 2014-10-17 2016-05-11 天宝电子（惠州）有限公司 一种车载充电与逆变双向变流电源系统
US20160114693A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicular charge/discharge system
JP2017112672A (ja) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 富士電機株式会社 車載型充電装置
CN206148997U (zh) * 2016-10-09 2017-05-03 长沙市比亚迪汽车有限公司 一种车载充电器以及具有该车载充电器的电动大巴
CN108973703A (zh) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-11 杭州富特科技股份有限公司 车载充电系统
CN108512256A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2018-09-07 河北工业大学 一种多功能车载充放电一体化系统
CN208947111U (zh) * 2018-10-18 2019-06-07 北京睿来电控科技有限公司 用于电动汽车的分布式双向驱动充电电能变换系统
CN109733212A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-05-10 赵睿忱 一种电动汽车
CN110356268A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2019-10-22 华为技术有限公司 一种车载充放电装置和系统

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3922504A4 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11597286B2 (en) * 2018-09-24 2023-03-07 Entrust Smart Home Microgrid Ltd Charging apparatus for use in an electric vehicle charging system
CN112810469A (zh) * 2021-01-08 2021-05-18 东风柳州汽车有限公司 充放电转换电路、控制方法及充放电合用枪头
CN113141048A (zh) * 2021-04-01 2021-07-20 联合汽车电子有限公司 车载充电机电路、车载充电器和电动汽车
CN113141048B (zh) * 2021-04-01 2024-04-26 联合汽车电子有限公司 车载充电机电路、车载充电器和电动汽车

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110356268B (zh) 2021-08-03
EP3922504A1 (en) 2021-12-15
CN110356268A (zh) 2019-10-22
EP3922504A4 (en) 2022-04-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020258939A1 (zh) 一种车载充放电装置和系统
WO2021232785A1 (zh) 三桥臂拓扑装置、控制方法、以及不间断电源系统
EP3790155A1 (en) On-board charging and discharging system
WO2012051945A1 (zh) 一种ups电源控制电路和ups电源
US11518246B2 (en) Electric drive system, powertrain, and electric vehicle
WO2021022886A1 (zh) 一种变换器及供电系统
US11780342B2 (en) On-board charging and discharging apparatus, charging and discharging system thereof, and electric vehicle
WO2021232749A1 (zh) 三桥臂拓扑装置及不间断电源系统
WO2017215450A1 (zh) 一种电机控制器、电机控制系统和电动汽车
WO2022083220A1 (zh) 一种电驱动系统、动力总成以及电动汽车
US12051966B2 (en) Converter and on-board charger
CN113133333B (zh) 一种整流器、充电系统和电动车
EP4366106A1 (en) Charging apparatus, charging pile, and charging system
WO2020056604A1 (zh) 集成车载充电机电路及制造方法、集成车载充电机
CN108092517A (zh) 一种车载充电和dcdc连接的电路
CN117013680A (zh) 一种不间断电源和供电系统
US11936297B2 (en) DC-DC converter including first and second coils magnetically coupled such that current flows through second coil in forward direction of diode by mutual induction as current flowing through first coil from intermediate terminal to output terminal increases and vehicle
US20240120848A1 (en) Bi-directional power converter
CN210350838U (zh) 车载充放电系统
WO2021120797A1 (zh) 一种供电装置和供电系统
CN208046456U (zh) 一种车载充电和dcdc连接的电路
US20230020030A1 (en) Bidirectional energy transmission apparatus, on-board charger, and electric vehicle
CN213007663U (zh) 充放电装置和电动车辆
US20230268841A1 (en) Converting circuit and charging apparatus
JP2023166149A (ja) 充電器

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20831894

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2020831894

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20210910

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE