WO2020253424A1 - 一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020253424A1
WO2020253424A1 PCT/CN2020/090247 CN2020090247W WO2020253424A1 WO 2020253424 A1 WO2020253424 A1 WO 2020253424A1 CN 2020090247 W CN2020090247 W CN 2020090247W WO 2020253424 A1 WO2020253424 A1 WO 2020253424A1
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parts
intumescent
fireproof coating
water
flammable substrate
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PCT/CN2020/090247
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谢海
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江苏冠军科技集团股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D167/06—Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • C09D5/185—Intumescent paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/321—Phosphates
    • C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
    • C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of surface engineering, in particular to a fireproof coating on the surface of an intumescent flammable substrate and a preparation method.
  • fire protection engineering is becoming more and more important. There are more and more major accidents caused by building fires every year, especially the use of electrical equipment and the decoration materials in the building are mostly flammable materials. Therefore, after the completion of the construction, fire protection will be adopted.
  • the existing fire retardant coatings are mainly divided into intumescent and non-expanding types.
  • the most widely used intumescent fire retardant coatings are intumescent fire retardant coatings. In the process of burning under heat, they expand and the thickness increases sharply to a few of the original coating thickness. Double or even dozens of times, and form a carbonized layer to isolate the external oxygen and heat. The main fatal factor in a fire is suffocation.
  • the fire retardant coating of this kind of flame retardant system has poor weather resistance and water resistance. When used in an environment that is in direct contact with water or in a humid environment, its flame retardant is prone to water solubility, salting out and other phenomena, resulting in The fire-retardant coating fails, and in the actual production process of the coating, these three raw materials must be ball-milled and mixed, which leads to increased energy consumption and prolonged production hours, which invisibly increases production costs.
  • the existing water-based intumescent fire-retardant coating has a high degree of expansion of the carbonized layer Low, short fire protection time, poor adhesion performance.
  • Publication number CN106479297A discloses an aerogel water-based intumescent fire retardant coating and its preparation method.
  • the fire retardant coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of emulsion, 30-70 parts of intumescent flame retardant, first neutralization 0.1-10 parts of plasticizer, 1-10 parts of plasticizer, 2-20 parts of flux, 0.1-10 parts of first dispersant, 0.1-10 parts of first stabilizer, 5-20 parts of aerogel slurry and pigment Filler 5-60 parts; wherein, the emulsion is a mixture of a core-shell silicone modified acrylate emulsion and a pure acrylic emulsion.
  • the formulation preparation process is complicated, and the coating and the substrate do not have the function of absorbing moisture.
  • Publication number CN105038482A discloses a method for preparing super fire-resistant water-based intumescent fireproof coatings.
  • the method uses acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate as raw materials, adds emulsifiers to form a pre-emulsion, and Sodium bisulfate is mixed to form the base material of fireproof coating, and then some additives are added according to the formula, and the mixture is stirred and dispersed.
  • Polyacrylamide is added to it, stirred, dried, and ground to obtain a super fire-resistant water-based intumescent fireproof coating
  • this method has poor waterproof performance, and the internal effective fireproof components are prone to decomposition, and the combination with flammable substrates has poor flame retardant and flame retardant effects.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a fire-resistant coating on the surface of an intumescent flammable substrate and a preparation method.
  • Heavy calcium is placed in the coating to absorb moisture in the environment.
  • the ammonium polyphosphate reacts with heat to form a surface partition, thereby extending the heat resistance time.
  • a fire-resistant coating for the surface of an intumescent flammable substrate comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polyester resin, 25-60 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 25-60 parts of aluminum trihydrate, and heavy calcium carbonate 15-25 parts, phosphorous flame retardant 5-20 parts, quartz powder 15-30 parts, water reducing agent 5-8 parts, dispersant 2-8 parts, adhesive 4-15 parts and water 160-200 parts .
  • the polyester resin is an unsaturated polyester resin
  • the specific model is any one of 7901, S-906, TM302, and 317.
  • the phosphorus-based flame retardant includes any one or a mixture of phosphate, phosphite, phosphate and organic phosphorus salt.
  • the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, preferably type II.
  • the dispersant is an ammonium polyacrylate dispersant.
  • the adhesive is white latex, and the specific model is white latex 920A.
  • the present invention further provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned intumescent flammable substrate surface fireproof coating, which comprises the following steps:
  • step (3) Add the powder obtained in step (2) to the pre-emulsified liquid in step (1), add polyester resin, dispersant and adhesive, and stir evenly to obtain.
  • a magnetic stirrer is used for stirring and mixing, and stirring is performed at a rotation speed of 300 to 400 r/min for 30 to 40 minutes, and a water bath is used to heat to 70 to 80°C during the stirring process.
  • the obtained pre-emulsion has a viscosity of 5-15Cp at 20°C.
  • the drying temperature is 125-130°C, and the drying time is 1.5-2h; the powder is ground into 20-30 mesh powder.
  • the fireproof coating When in use, the fireproof coating can be diluted with water as needed to a desired concentration, 30-50 parts of ordinary Portland cement is added, mixed and stirred, prepared from mud, and smeared on the surface of the substrate.
  • the aluminum trihydrate (ATH) in the fireproof coating for the surface of the intumescent flammable substrate of the present invention forms water vapor when it encounters high temperature, which can reduce the temperature of the initial fire.
  • the ammonium polyphosphate in the fireproof coating on the surface of the intumescent flammable substrate of the present invention will also form a carbon layer on the surface and react with other components of the coating.
  • the ammonium polyphosphate will be dehydrated after heating to form polyphosphoric acid, which can promote the surface of the polyester resin.
  • the production is carbonized and flame-retardant.
  • the phosphorus oxides produced by decomposition can cover the base material, so that the building materials are not affected by the oxygen supply and prevent the fire from spreading further.
  • the heavy calcium carbonate in the surface fireproof coating of the intumescent flammable substrate of the present invention is contained in the coating, which utilizes the water absorption properties of calcium carbonate, can absorb and store water, and can form water vapor at high temperatures to lower the temperature.
  • the fire-resistant coating on the surface of the intumescent flammable substrate of the present invention is painted on the surface of the engineering plastic, and during the decomposition stage of the plastic, carbon is generated, carbon oxide is eliminated, and the air can be blocked.
  • step (3) Add the powder in step (2) to the pre-emulsion obtained in step (1), and put 40 parts of polyester resin, 8 parts of propylene glycol block polyester (Haian Petrochemical L-64) and Guangdong Longma manufacturer 6 parts of Type C glue 20, stir evenly to obtain paint.
  • polyester resin 8 parts of propylene glycol block polyester (Haian Petrochemical L-64) and Guangdong Longma manufacturer 6 parts of Type C glue 20, stir evenly to obtain paint.
  • the coating prepared by this process After the coating prepared by this process is condensed, it can absorb moisture in the external environment, and at high temperatures, aluminum trihydrate can decompose to form water vapor, and it is adsorbed in heavy calcium carbonate to prevent moisture from evaporating, and heat take away.
  • Heating temperature 150°C-200°C, aluminum trihydrate starts to be dehydrated, and moisture directly forms water vapor at high temperature.
  • ammonium polyphosphate expands to isolate and insulate heat when exposed to heat.
  • ammonium polyphosphate is decomposed by heat, poly/polyphosphoric acid is generated, which promotes dehydration and carbonization of the surface of organic matter, and thermal decomposition releases CO 2 , NH 3 and other gases, which are not easy to burn. It dilutes the oxygen in the air, thereby blocking the supply of oxygen.
  • ammonium polyphosphate Through the thermal decomposition of ammonium polyphosphate, it achieves less smoke and no toxic gas. In addition to achieving environmental protection, it reduces the factors of fire death. In each major fire event, more than 80% of people are not burned to death, but are In the fire, the toxic and harmful gases released by the burning of various materials such as plastics and electronic components will smoke and suffocate.
  • step (3) Add the powder in step (2) to the pre-emulsion obtained in step (1), and put in 50 parts of polyester resin, 8 parts of Silok 7117w type dispersant and Jinwande 2000 type white latex 15 parts, stir evenly to obtain paint.
  • Example 2 also uses a relatively low-speed stirring environment, which can better mix, and shorten the drying time to ensure the moisture content of the powder. Can quickly sinter to release water vapor.
  • step (3) Add the powder in step (2) to the pre-emulsion obtained in step (1), and put in 45 parts of polyester resin, 2 parts of PEG-400/P123 type dispersant, and 25 parts of Guangdong Longma manufacturer C-type glue Type 4 parts, stir evenly to obtain paint.
  • Example 3 Compared with Example 1, the components used in Example 3 are in the middle, the process parameter range is suitable, and the preparation process is simple.
  • the present invention provides an intumescent flammable substrate surface fire-resistant coating and the idea and method of its preparation method. There are many methods and ways to implement this technical solution. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that: For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components that are not clear in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technology.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及其制备方法。防火涂料包括以下按重量份计的聚酯树脂40-50份、聚磷酸铵25-60份、三水合铝25-60份、重质碳酸钙15-25份、磷系阻燃剂5-20份、石英粉15-30份、减水剂5-8份、分散剂2～8份、胶黏剂4～15份和水160-200份。防火涂料的制备方法包括如下步骤：混合聚磷酸铵、三水合铝、减水剂，加入一半的水，搅拌混合均匀，形成粘稠的预乳化液；混合重质碳酸钙、石英粉、磷系阻燃剂，加入剩余的水，混合后放置在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，烘干，研磨成粉末；将得到的粉末加入到预乳化液中，投入聚酯树脂、分散剂和胶黏剂，搅拌均匀即得防火涂料。

Description

一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于表面工程领域，具体是一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及制备方法。
背景技术
目前，消防防火工程愈发重要，每年由于建筑物火灾导致的重大事故越来越多，尤其是电器设备使用以及建筑内的装潢材料多为易燃材料，因此在完成施工后，均会采用防火涂料进行涂刷，现有的防火涂料主要分为膨胀型和非膨胀型，目前使用最广泛的是膨胀型防火涂料，在遇热燃烧过程中，产生膨胀，厚度急剧增加至原始涂层的几倍甚至几十倍，并形成炭化层，对外出的氧气、热量进行隔断，火灾中主要的致命因素是窒息，现有的防火涂料大多采用聚磷酸铵-季戊四醇-三聚氰胺(APP-PER-MEL)型阻燃体系，这种阻燃体系的防火涂料耐候性和耐水性较差，在与水直接接触的环境或潮湿环境中使用时，它的阻燃剂易发生水溶、盐析等现象，导致防火涂料失效，且在涂料的实际生产过程中，对这三种原材料必须球磨混合，导致能耗增大且生产工时延长，无形中增加生产成本，现有的水性膨胀型防火涂料炭化层膨胀高度低，防火时间短、附着性能差。
公开号CN106479297A公开了一种气凝胶水性膨胀型防火涂料及其制备方法，防火涂料按重量份包括以下组分：乳液10-50份，膨胀型阻燃剂30-70份，第一中和剂0.1-10份，增塑剂1-10份，助熔剂2-20份，第一分散剂0.1-10份，第一稳定剂0.1-10份，气凝胶浆料5-20份以及颜填料5-60份；其中，所述乳液为核壳型有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液和纯丙乳液的混合物，该配方制备工艺复杂，且涂料和基材之间不具备吸收水分的功能。
公开号CN105038482A公开了一种超耐火水性膨胀型防火涂料的制备方法，该方法利用丙烯腈、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯为原料，加入乳化剂，形成预乳化液，和亚硫酸氢钠混合形成防火涂料的基料，再按照配方加入一些助剂等经搅拌分散后得混合物，向其加入聚丙烯酰胺，搅拌、烘干、研磨，得到一种超耐火水性膨胀型防火涂料，该方法其在潮湿环境下，防水能差，内部有效的防火成分容易出现分解，且和易燃基材之间的结合阻燃抑燃效果差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及制备方法，通过在涂料内设置重钙进行环境中水分的吸附，在遇到高温时，配合三水合铝分解产生水蒸气，进行热量的扩散，同时，聚磷酸铵受热反应形成表面隔断，进而延长耐热时间。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，包括以下按重量份计的组份：聚酯树脂40-50份、聚磷酸铵25-60份、三水合铝25-60份、重质碳酸钙15-25份、磷系阻燃剂5-20份、石英粉15-30份、减水剂5-8份、分散剂2～8份、胶黏剂4～15份和水160-200份。
具体地，所述聚酯树脂为不饱和聚酯树脂，具体型号为7901、S-906、TM302、317中的任意一种。
所述磷系阻燃剂包括磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、磷酸酯和有机磷盐中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
所述减水剂为聚羧酸类减水剂，优选Ⅱ型。
所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵盐类分散剂。
所述胶黏剂为白乳胶，具体型号为白乳胶920A。
本发明进一步提供上述膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将聚磷酸铵、三水合铝、减水剂混合，并加入一半的水，搅拌混合均匀，形成粘稠的预乳化液；
(2)将重质碳酸钙、石英粉、磷系阻燃剂进行混合，并将剩余的水加入，混合后放置在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后烘干，研磨成粉末；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的粉末加入到步骤(1)的预乳化液中，并投入聚酯树脂、分散剂和胶黏剂，搅拌均匀即得。
优选地，步骤(1)中，搅拌混合采用磁力搅拌机，在转速为300～400r/min的条件下搅拌30～40min，同时搅拌过程采用水浴加热到70～80℃。
所得预乳化液在20℃下的粘度达到5～15Cp。
优选地，步骤(2)中，所述烘干的温度为125～130℃，烘干时长为1.5～2h；研磨成20～30目的粉末。
使用时，该防火涂料可以根据需要加水稀释至所需的浓度，加入普通硅酸盐水泥30-50份，进行混合搅拌，制备从泥浆，并涂抹在基材表面。
有益效果：
1、本发明膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料中三水合铝(ATH)在遇到高温时，水合物形成水蒸气，可以降低初期火灾的温度。
2、本发明膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料中聚磷酸铵也会在表面上形成碳层，并与涂料其他成分反应，聚磷酸铵在受热后脱水形成聚磷酸，能够促进聚酯树脂表面生产碳化进而阻燃，分解产生的磷氧化物能够覆盖基材，使建筑材料不受氧气供应的影响，防止火势进一步扩散。
3、本发明膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料中重质碳酸钙在涂料内，利用了碳酸钙吸水特性，能够进行水分的吸附存储，在高温时能形成水蒸气，降低温度。
4、本发明膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料涂刷在工程塑料表面，在塑料分解阶段，生成碳素，排除碳氧化物，同时能够格挡空气。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
(1)将聚磷酸铵25份、三水合铝25份、PCA II型5份混合，并加入80份水，之后置于磁力搅拌机上，在转速为400r/min的条件下搅拌30min，同时整体放入水浴锅，水浴加热到80℃，形成粘稠的预乳化液，预乳化液在20℃是粘度达到5Cp；
(2)将重质碳酸钙15份、石英粉15份、磷酸酯5份进行混合，并将80份水加入，混合后放置在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，搅拌转速为150r/min，之后将其移入烘箱，在125℃下烘干，烘干时长为2h，研磨成30目的粉末；
(3)将步骤(2)中的粉末添加到步骤(1)获得的预乳化液中，并投入聚酯树脂40份、丙二醇嵌段聚酯(海安石化L-64)8份和广东龙马厂商C型胶20型6份，搅拌均匀，获得涂料。
该工艺下制备获取的涂料在凝结后，其对外界环境中的水分能够进行吸收，且在高温下，三水合铝能够分解形成水蒸气，并在重质碳酸钙内吸附避免水分蒸发，将热量带走。
Figure PCTCN2020090247-appb-000001
加热温度：150℃-200℃，三水合铝开始脱水，水分在高温下直接形成水蒸气。
在受热过程中，聚磷酸铵遇热膨胀隔离隔热，聚磷酸铵遇热分解后生成聚/多磷酸，促使有机物表面脱水碳化，受热分解释放出CO 2、NH 3等气体，这些气体不易燃烧，起到稀释空气中的氧气，从而阻断了氧的供应。
通过聚磷酸铵受热分解，达到发烟量少、不产生有毒气体，实现环保效果外，降低了火灾致死的因素，每一次重大火灾事件，80％以上的人不是被烧死的，而是被火灾中塑料，电子元件等各种材料燃烧释放出来的有毒有害气给熏、窒息死的。
实施例2
(1)将聚磷酸铵60份、三水合铝60份、PCA II型8份混合，并加入100份水，之后置于磁力搅拌机上，在转速为300/min的条件下搅拌40min，同时整体放入水浴锅，水浴加热到70℃，形成粘稠的预乳化液，预乳化液在20℃是粘度达到15Cp；
(2)将重质碳酸钙8份、石英粉30份、磷酸酯20份进行混合，并将100份水加入，混合后放置在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，搅拌转速为280r/min，之后将其移入烘箱，在130℃下烘干，烘干时长为1.5h，研磨成20目的粉末；
(3)将步骤(2)中的粉末添加到步骤(1)获得的预乳化液中，并投入聚酯树脂50份、斯洛柯silok 7117w型分散剂8份和金万得2000型白乳胶15份，搅拌均匀，获得涂料。
和实施例1的差别在于，除了组分的调整外，实施例2还采用了相对低速的搅拌环境下，能够更好的进行混合，并通过缩短烘干时间，保证粉末含水率，在高温下能够快速的进行烧结释放水蒸气。
实施例3
(1)将聚磷酸铵30份、三水合铝35份、PCA II型6份混合，并加入90份水，之后置于磁力搅拌机上，在转速为350r/min的条件下搅拌35min，同时整体放入水浴锅，水浴加热到75℃，形成粘稠的预乳化液，预乳化液在20℃是粘度达到12Cp；
(2)将重质碳酸钙20份、石英粉18份、磷酸三甲苯酯15份进行混合，并将90份水加入，混合后放置在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，搅拌转速为200r/min，之后将其移 入烘箱，在128℃下烘干，烘干时长为1.7h，研磨成22目的粉末；
(3)将步骤(2)中的粉末添加到步骤(1)获得的预乳化液中，并投入聚酯树脂45份、PEG-400/P123型分散剂2份和广东龙马厂商C型胶25型4份，搅拌均匀，获得涂料。
相比实施例1，实施例3采用的各组分居中，工艺参数范围适宜，制备工艺简单。
按照国标对上述实施例进行物理和化学性能测试：
得到的测试结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2020090247-appb-000002
防火性能检测：
取木质基材，切取几块10cm×10cm的小样，将实施例3制成的涂料进行涂刷，待自然干透后，用火焰高度40mm左右的酒精灯的火焰检查，并开始计时，直至基材开始燃烧为止，经多次检查测定，小样燃烧初期出现大量的白烟雾水汽，表面出现发黑现象，后白色烟雾消失，木材受热阴燃，后持续燃烧分解，该涂料的耐火时间为70～80min，检查涂层发泡情况，涂料的泡层厚度为25～40mm，泡层均匀致密。
本发明提供了一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料及其制备方法的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指 出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的组份：聚酯树脂40-50份、聚磷酸铵25-60份、三水合铝25-60份、重质碳酸钙15-25份、磷系阻燃剂5-20份、石英粉15-30份、减水剂5-8份、分散剂2～8份、胶黏剂4～15份和水160-200份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，其特征在于，所述聚酯树脂为不饱和聚酯树脂，具体型号为7901、S-906、TM302、317中的任意一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，其特征在于，所述磷系阻燃剂包括磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、磷酸酯和有机磷盐中的任意一种或多种的混合物。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，其特征在于，所述减水剂为聚羧酸类减水剂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，其特征在于，所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵盐类分散剂。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂为白乳胶。
  7. 权利要求1所述膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)将聚磷酸铵、三水合铝、减水剂混合，并加入一半的水，搅拌混合均匀，形成粘稠的预乳化液；
    (2)将重质碳酸钙、石英粉、磷系阻燃剂进行混合，并将剩余的水加入，混合后放置在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后烘干，研磨成粉末；
    (3)将步骤(2)得到的粉末加入到步骤(1)的预乳化液中，并投入聚酯树脂、分散剂和胶黏剂，搅拌均匀即得。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，搅拌混合采用磁力搅拌机，在转速为300～400r/min的条件下搅拌30～40min，同时搅拌过程采用水浴加热到70～80℃。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，所述预乳化液在20℃下的粘度达到5～15Cp。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述膨胀型易燃基材表面防火涂料的制备方法，其特征在于， 步骤(2)中，所述烘干的温度为125～130℃，烘干时长为1.5～2h；研磨成20～30目的粉末。
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