WO2020252818A1 - 一种农村生活污水处理设备 - Google Patents

一种农村生活污水处理设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020252818A1
WO2020252818A1 PCT/CN2019/094761 CN2019094761W WO2020252818A1 WO 2020252818 A1 WO2020252818 A1 WO 2020252818A1 CN 2019094761 W CN2019094761 W CN 2019094761W WO 2020252818 A1 WO2020252818 A1 WO 2020252818A1
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Prior art keywords
tank
aeration
sedimentation
filler
sewage treatment
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PCT/CN2019/094761
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈国宁
朱红祥
林宏飞
宋海农
陆立海
李国�
农斌
梁程钧
杜建嘉
梁志超
梁劼
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广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020252818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020252818A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/105—Characterized by the chemical composition
    • C02F3/108—Immobilising gels, polymers or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/109—Characterized by the shape
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • C02F1/385—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation by centrifuging suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/727—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation using pure oxygen or oxygen rich gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
    • C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
    • C02F2201/784—Diffusers or nozzles for ozonation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/026—Fenton's reagent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and specifically is a rural domestic sewage treatment equipment.
  • the current treatment method for rural domestic sewage is to collect it in a small area and then use sewage treatment equipment of suitable scale for treatment.
  • sewage treatment equipment of suitable scale for treatment.
  • small sewage treatment equipments that use anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic biological treatments with different fillers to treat sewage.
  • many equipments adopt simple equipment structures for convenience and cost reduction. , Leading to instability of the effluent quality up to the standard; and some equipment in order to ensure stable operation, plus special components or mechanical devices, resulting in high prices, high energy consumption, difficult maintenance and other problems.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rural domestic sewage treatment equipment with low preparation cost and stable and efficient treatment capacity.
  • the equipment has the characteristics of improving the rural domestic sewage treatment capacity and strong resistance to rapid changes in water quality.
  • the present invention is a rural domestic sewage treatment equipment, which includes a pre-sedimentation tank, an anoxic tank, an anaerobic tank, a first aeration tank, a second aeration tank, and a sedimentation separation tank that are connected in sequence.
  • the adjacent tanks are baffled
  • the upper part of the pre-sedimentation tank is provided with a water inlet; the anoxic tank and the anaerobic tank are both filled with anaerobic fillers; the first aeration tank and the second aeration tank are both equipped with multiple combined types Packing, an aeration pipe is arranged under the combined packing, and the aeration pipe is connected with an air pump through an air inlet pipe; the sedimentation separation tank is provided with a return pipe communicating with the first aeration tank and the pre-sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation separation tank
  • the upper part has a water outlet.
  • Each of the combined fillers is composed of a plastic filament wound material bent into a hollow cylinder wrapped with aerobic fillers. The two ends of the hollow cylinder are closed by the plastic filament material and are fixed on the baffle plate.
  • the type fillers are stacked in the middle and lower parts of the first aeration tank and the second aeration tank.
  • the aerobic filler of the present invention is polyurethane sponge or perforated plastic.
  • the multiple combined fillers of the present invention are stacked in 4-6 layers, with 5-8 in each layer, totaling 20-48.
  • the number of combined fillers in the first aeration tank is more than that in the second aeration tank .
  • the reflux pipe of the present invention is provided with a diversion box at the water outlet end of the pre-sedimentation tank, the upper and lower ends of the diversion box are open, and the diversion box is filled with plastic filament material, and the return water can be guided through the diversion box To 40-60cm below the liquid level of the pre-sedimentation tank.
  • the volume ratio of the anaerobic filler filled in the anoxic tank and the anaerobic tank of the present invention is 40% to 80% of the volume.
  • the volume of the aerobic filler in the combined filler of the present invention accounts for 30% to 50% of the volume of the inner cavity of the cylinder made of plastic wire-wrapped materials.
  • the widest part of the aerobic filler has a dimension of 15-40 mm and is fixed at the bottom of the pool. The larger the upper part of the tank is smaller, and the size of the aerobic packing gradually decreases from bottom to top.
  • the diameter of a single wire wound is 0.5 ⁇ 1.5mm
  • the wire spacing is 3mm ⁇ 5mm
  • the overall thickness of the winding wire is 30mm ⁇ 60mm
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical body formed by bending is 25 ⁇ 40cm.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the equipment of the present invention adopts a combined structure of pre-sedimentation tank, anoxic tank, anaerobic tank, first aeration tank, second aeration tank, and sedimentation separation tank to perform high-efficiency denitrification, hydrolysis acidification, and nitrification in different tanks Wait for the microbial reaction to strengthen the partition independence to ensure the stable progress of the above-mentioned several reactions.
  • the present invention consumes oxygen step by step through the pre-sedimentation tank, anoxic tank, and anaerobic tank, which ensures that the anoxic tank has low dissolved oxygen and the anaerobic tank has extremely low dissolved oxygen, and ensures that the denitrifying bacteria have a high degree of The demand of anaerobic environment is more conducive to denitrification and denitrification.
  • the invention adopts the design of two-stage aeration tank, which can effectively avoid the unstable treatment effect caused by the short flow of the system, and improve the impact resistance of the aerobic treatment end, and avoid the rapid increase of COD or ammonia nitrogen due to influent water.
  • the front end tank cannot complete the removal of contaminants.
  • the combined filler used in the aeration tank of the present invention ensures that the aerobic filler is always under water through a fixed method, and prevents the filler from floating on the water surface due to too light filler and excessive aeration in the early filming period
  • the problem of non-sinking eliminates the need for manual stirring and pressing of the filler, so that the aerobic filler is 100% in water.
  • the combined filler used in the aeration tank of the present invention is evenly distributed from the lower part to the upper part of the tank body, and there is a certain gap in the water body conditions (such as dissolved oxygen distribution, water pressure, water body agitation, etc.) at different depths underwater ,
  • the combined packing fixed at different depths is more conducive to the growth of microorganisms in the current deep water environment, avoiding the living pressure caused by the changing water conditions faced by microorganisms in the continuous floating and sinking of aerobic packing in the water, and improving the microbial activity.
  • the size of the aerobic filler in the aeration tank increases step by step from the bottom of the tank to the top, which combines the gradual decrease of the water pressure from the bottom to the top of the tank.
  • Fillers of different sizes balance the volume of the filler and the interior of the filler under the change of water pressure.
  • the change of water exchange ensures that fillers of different depths have optimal conditions for microbial coating.
  • the plastic filament wrapping material used for wrapping is filament-like, which can not only make the rising bubbles become smaller after contacting, but also help dissolve oxygen and help water flow. Disturbance, so that the pollutants and microorganisms are fully contacted, and can also serve as another carrier for the microbial coating, increase the amount of the film, and improve the microbial processing capacity.
  • the return pipe set in the sedimentation separation tank of the present invention can return the effluent after nitrification in the aeration tank to the pre-sedimentation tank to meet the demand for denitrification, and it can also return the effluent mixed with aerobic sludge in the second aeration tank To the first aeration tank to meet the demand for replenishing the sludge amount, by changing the size of the return flow, the targeted treatment of sewage with different influent water quality can be realized, and the effluent quality can be guaranteed to meet the standard.
  • the return pipe used in the present invention is connected to the diversion box at the water outlet end of the pre-sedimentation tank to avoid the rapid rise of dissolved oxygen in the water caused by falling water, and the plastic filament winding material in the diversion box is also conducive to microbial coating ,
  • the coated microorganisms can quickly consume the dissolved oxygen in the reflux water, which further ensures that the low dissolved oxygen state water flows into the anoxic tank and anaerobic tank, and ensures the denitrification and denitrification, acidification and removal of complex organic matter and other microbial reactions. Strict requirements for anaerobic conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rural domestic sewage treatment equipment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of combined fillers in a stacked manner in Fig. 1.
  • a rural domestic sewage treatment equipment of the present invention includes a pre-sedimentation tank 1, an anoxic tank 2, an anaerobic tank 3, a first aeration tank 4, a second aeration tank 5, Sedimentation separation tank 6, adjacent tanks are separated by baffles 7, the upper part of pre-sedimentation tank 1 is equipped with water inlet 13, sewage enters pre-sedimentation tank 1, anoxic tank 2 and anaerobic tank 3 from water inlet 13 Both the first aeration tank 4 and the second aeration tank 5 are filled with anaerobic fillers.
  • Both the first aeration tank 4 and the second aeration tank 5 are equipped with a plurality of combined fillers 8, and an aeration tube 9 is provided under the combined filler 8 through which the aeration tube 9 passes
  • the air inlet pipe is connected with the air pump, and air is drawn into the first aeration tank 4 and the second aeration tank 5 through the air pump and the air inlet pipe.
  • the sedimentation separation tank 6 is provided with the first aeration tank 4 and the pre-sedimentation tank 1.
  • the return pipe 10 can return water or sedimentation sludge to the first aeration tank 4 or the pre-sedimentation tank 1 by means of air stripping.
  • the return pipe 10 is provided with an aeration tank return port 11 in the first aeration tank 4 ,
  • the return pipe 10 is provided with a diversion box 12 at the water outlet end of the pre-sedimentation tank 1;
  • the sedimentation separation tank 6 is provided with a water outlet 14 through which the clear water in the upper part of the sedimentation separation tank 6 is discharged.
  • the combined filler 8 is composed of a plastic filament wound material 15 bent into a hollow cylinder and an aerobic filler 16 is wrapped.
  • the two ends of the hollow cylinder are closed by the same plastic filament material 15, and It is fixed on the baffle 7, and a plurality of combined fillers are distributed in the middle and lower parts of the first aeration tank 4 and the second aeration tank 5 in a stacked form.
  • the aerobic filler 16 in the present invention is polyurethane sponge or perforated plastic aerobic filler.
  • the multiple combined fillers of the present invention are stacked in 4-6 layers, with 5-8 pieces per layer, totaling 20-48 pieces.
  • the number of combined fillers in the first aeration tank is more than that in the second aeration tank. filler.
  • the upper and lower ends of the diversion box 12 of the present invention are open, the length of the diversion box 12 is 30-50cm, and the width is 20-40cm.
  • the diversion box 12 is filled with plastic wire-wound material, and passes through the diversion box. 12 The return water can be guided to 40-60cm below the liquid level of the pre-sedimentation tank.
  • the volume ratio of the anaerobic filler filled in the anoxic tank and the anaerobic tank of the present invention is 40% to 80% of the volume.
  • the volume of the aerobic filler 16 in the combined filler of the present invention accounts for 30%-50% of the volume of the inner cavity of the cylinder made of plastic filament material.
  • the widest part of the aerobic filler 16 has a dimension of 15-40mm and is fixed at the bottom of the pool.
  • the oxygen filler is larger and the upper part of the tank is smaller.
  • the size of the aerobic filler decreases step by step from bottom to top; the filling amount of the aerobic filler 16 in the first aeration tank 4 is greater than that of the second aeration tank 5.
  • the diameter of a single wire wound is 0.5 ⁇ 1.5mm
  • the wire spacing is 3mm ⁇ 5mm
  • the overall thickness of the winding wire is 30mm ⁇ 60mm
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical body formed by bending is 25 ⁇ 40cm.
  • the working process of the device of the present invention is as follows:
  • the domestic sewage which has been filtered to remove large pieces of garbage, enters the equipment of the present invention through the water inlet 13.
  • the microorganisms in the sewage gradually Consume oxygen in the water to create a low dissolved oxygen environment for the next anoxic tank 2; sewage flows from the bottom to the upper part of the baffle 7 and then enters the anoxic tank 2.
  • An anaerobic filler is installed in the anoxic tank 2, which is denitrification Bacteria provide a good coating space.
  • the reflux water returning from the sedimentation separation zone 6 to the pre-sedimentation tank 1 contains a large amount of nitrate.
  • the denitrifying bacteria can use the sufficient carbon source in the influent water to denitrify the nitrate in the return water Nitrogen reacts to achieve total nitrogen removal.
  • microorganisms such as hydrolytic acidifying bacteria in the anoxic tank 2 consume and decompose part of the macromolecular organic matter in the sewage, and further consume oxygen in the water.
  • the sewage also flows into the anaerobic tank 3 through the baffle 7, and the anaerobic tank 3 is also filled with anaerobic fillers for microbial growth and film coating.
  • anaerobic microorganisms such as hydrolytic acidifying bacteria consume a large amount of organic matter in the water, which greatly reduces the COD of the sewage.
  • it decomposes the difficult-to-degrade macromolecular organic matter into small molecular substances, which improves the biodegradability and is beneficial to the next Utilization of aerobic bacteria in the first stage.
  • the sewage flows out of the anaerobic tank 3, it enters the first aeration tank 4 through the baffle plate 7.
  • a combined packing 8 composed of a plastic wire wrapping material 15 wrapped with aerobic packing 16, and in the packing A large number of biofilms grow on it.
  • the residual organic matter in the water is degraded and the ammonia nitrogen is nitrified.
  • local denitrification occurs in part of the aerobic filler 16 Reaction to further enhance total nitrogen removal.
  • the water flowing out of the first aeration tank 4 enters the second aeration tank 5 with the same structure, and the sewage C/N is very low at this time.
  • aerobic microorganisms suitable for growth and metabolism under low C/N conditions are enriched, which can further strengthen the removal of residual organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in the sewage.
  • the second aeration tank 5 also avoids causes The first aeration tank 4 caused by the short flow of the system is not effective in removing pollutants, and can provide shock resistance for the equipment of the present invention, avoiding the failure of the front-end tank to remove pollutants due to the rapid increase of influent COD or ammonia nitrogen in a short time .
  • the water flowing out of the second aeration tank 5 enters the sedimentation separation tank 6, the activated sludge mixed in the water settles at the bottom of the tank, and the precipitated sludge can be removed from the aeration through the return pipe 10 inserted into the bottom of the tank.
  • the tank return port 11 returns to the first aeration tank 4 to ensure the sludge concentration in the front-end tank, or to return nitrate-rich water from the pre-sedimentation tank return port 12 to the pre-sedimentation tank 1.
  • the reflux water returning to the pre-sedimentation tank 1 will pass through the diversion box 12, and the microorganisms attached to the plastic filament material 15 in the box will quickly consume more water than oxygen, so that the reflux water with low dissolved oxygen flows into the pre Sedimentation tank 1.
  • the supernatant of the sedimentation separation tank 6 flows out of the equipment through the water outlet 14.
  • the device of the present invention can return the water at the bottom of the sedimentation separation tank 6 from the return port 11 of the aeration tank to the first aeration tank 4 by setting the return pipe 10 in the sedimentation separation tank 6 with a return flow rate of 50% to 200%;
  • the diversion box body 12 of the sedimentation tank 1 returns to the pre-sedimentation tank 1 with a return flow of 50% to 300%.
  • the test platform was built in a place in Nanning, Guangxi in January 2019.
  • the equipment has a processing scale of 5m3/d.
  • the sewage processed by the equipment comes from the domestic sewage generated by residents in old communities and residential houses nearby.
  • the sewage is removed by the pre-graving tank. After the garbage enters the device of the present invention, the main parameters of the device are as follows:
  • the device of the present invention adopts a method of 100% recirculation flow aeration back to the first aeration tank in the early stage of operation to help the aerobic filler to quickly coat the film.
  • 200% reflux is used to return to the pre-sedimentation tank, and the water inlet and outlet data after 15 days of continuous operation are shown in Table 1. From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the effluent index after treatment by the equipment of the present invention basically meets the first level B standard of the Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants, and has a better and more stable sewage treatment effect.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种农村生活污水处理设备，该设备包括依次相接的预沉淀池、缺氧池、厌氧池、第一曝气池、第二曝气池、沉淀分离池，相邻的池由折流板分隔开；所述预沉淀池上部设有进水口；所述缺氧池和厌氧池内均装填有厌氧填料；第一曝气池和第二曝气池内均设有多个组合型填料，组合型填料的下方设有曝气管，曝气管通过进气管与气泵连接；所述沉淀分离池设有与第一曝气池、预沉淀池相连通的回流管，沉淀分离池的上部设有出水口。本发明设备具有能提高农村生活污水处理能力以及抗水质快速变化能力强的特点，而且设备制作成本低，处理能力稳定高效。

Description

一种农村生活污水处理设备 技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域，具体是一种农村生活污水处理设备。
背景技术
随着农村的建设发展和农村生活水平的提高，农村生活污水逐渐增多，这些污水随意排放会造成河道、水塘、水田污染，不仅影响农业生产的进行，还大大影响农村人民身体健康和生活环境状况。农村生活污水具有水量小、水质变化较大等特点，加之农村居住分散，往往由几户人家形成小聚居的形式构成，这导致了污水较难收集，大规模集中处理成本过高等问题。
目前针对农村生活污水的处理方法采取的是小范围收集后，使用合适规模的污水处理设备进行处理。现也有很多小型污水处理设备通过加入不同填料的厌氧、缺氧、好氧生物处理的方式进行污水处理，但在实际使用中，很多设备为了使用方便、减小成本，采用的设备结构过于简单，导致出水水质达标情况不稳定；而有一些设备为了保证运行稳定，加上了特殊部件或机械装置，导致价格高、能耗大、维护难等问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种制备成本低、处理能力稳定高效 的农村生活污水处理设备，该设备具有能提高农村生活污水处理能力以及抗水质快速变化能力强的特点。
本发明以如下技术方案解决上述技术问题：
本发明一种农村生活污水处理设备，包括依次相接的预沉淀池、缺氧池、厌氧池、第一曝气池、第二曝气池、沉淀分离池，相邻的池由折流板分隔开；所述预沉淀池上部设有进水口；所述缺氧池和厌氧池内均装填有厌氧填料；第一曝气池和第二曝气池内均设有多个组合型填料，组合型填料的下方设有曝气管，曝气管通过进气管与气泵连接；所述沉淀分离池设有与第一曝气池、预沉淀池相连通的回流管，沉淀分离池的上部设有出水口。
所述每个组合型填料由弯曲成空心圆柱体的塑料缠丝材料包裹着好氧填料构成，空心圆柱体的两端由塑料缠丝材料封闭，并固定在折流板上，且多个组合型填料呈堆叠状分布于第一曝气池和第二曝气池的中下部。
本发明所述好氧填料为聚氨酯海绵或穿孔塑料。
本发明所述多个组合型填料堆叠4～6层，每层5～8根，合计20～48根，第一曝气池的组合型填料数量多于第二曝气池中的组合型填料。
本发明所述回流管位于预沉淀池的出水端设有导流箱体，导流箱体的上下端开口，导流箱体内填充有塑料缠丝材料，通过导流箱体可将回流水引导至预沉淀池液面以下40～60cm。
本发明所述缺氧池和厌氧池内装填的厌氧填料体积占比为容积的40％～80％。
本发明组合型填料中的好氧填料体积占塑料缠丝材料构成的圆柱体内腔体积的30％～50％，好氧填料最宽处尺寸为15～40mm，并且固定于池下部的 好氧填料较大，池上部的较小，好氧填料的大小由下至上逐级递减。
本发明组合型填料所用的塑料缠丝材料中，缠丝的单根丝直径为0.5～1.5mm，丝间距3mm～5mm，缠丝整体厚度30mm～60mm，弯曲形成的圆柱体外径为25～40cm。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明设备采用预沉淀池、缺氧池、厌氧池、第一曝气池、第二曝气池、沉淀分离池相组合的结构，在不同池内进行高效反硝化、水解酸化、硝化等微生物反应，强化了分区独立性从而保证上述几种反应的稳定进行。
2)本发明通过预沉淀池、缺氧池、厌氧池逐级消耗氧气，保证了缺氧池有较低的溶氧以及厌氧池有极低的溶解氧，确保了反硝化菌对高度厌氧环境的需求，更利于反硝化脱氮。
3)本发明采用两级曝气池的设计，可以有效避免因系统短流导致的处理效果不稳定，以及提高了好氧处理端的抗冲击能力，避免因进水COD或氨氮短期内快速升高时前端池无法完成污染物的去除。
4)本发明在曝气池内所采用的组合型填料通过固定的方式保证了好氧填料始终处于水下，防止了因前期挂膜期填料过轻、曝气量过大导致的填料浮于水面不下沉的问题，免去了人工搅拌、按压填料的需要，使好氧填料100％处于水中。
5)本发明在曝气池内所采用的组合型填料从池体下部至上部平均分布，针对水下不同深度位置的水体条件(如溶解氧分布、水压、水体搅动情况等)存在一定的差距，固定于不同深度的组合填料更有利于适合当前深度水体环境的微生物生长，避免了好氧填料在水中不断上浮下沉中微生物所面临的水 体情况不断变化导致的生存压力，提高了微生物活性。
6)本发明在曝气池内好氧填料的大小从池底至上逐级增大，是结合了水压从池底至上逐渐减小，不同大小的填料平衡了水压变化下填料体积、填料内部水的交换的变化，保证了不同深度的填料都具有最优的微生物覆膜条件。
7)本发明在曝气池内所采用的组合填料中，用于包裹的塑料缠丝材料为缠丝状，不仅能使上升的气泡接触后搅散变小，利于氧气的溶解，还能帮助水流的扰动，使污染物与微生物充分接触，另外还可以充当微生物覆膜的又一载体，增大了挂膜量，提高微生物处理能力。
8)本发明在沉淀分离池设置的回流管可以将经过曝气池硝化后的出水回流至预沉淀池从而满足反硝化需求，也可以将混合有第二曝气池好氧污泥的出水回流至第一曝气池从而达到补充污泥量的需求，通过改变回流量大小可以实现不同进水水质的污水针对化处理，保证出水水质达标。
9)本发明采用的回流管在预沉淀池的出水端连接了导流箱体，避免因跌水导致的水中溶解氧快速升高，而且导流箱体内的塑料缠丝材料也利于微生物覆膜，覆膜后的微生物可快速消耗回流水当中的溶解氧，进一步确保了低溶解氧状态的水流入之后缺氧池、厌氧池，保证了反硝化脱氮、酸化去除复杂有机物等微生物反应对厌氧条件的严格要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明农村生活污水处理设备的结构示意图。
图2是图1中组合型填料于堆叠方式排布的截面示意图。
图中：1—预沉淀池，2—缺氧池，3—厌氧池，4—第一曝气池，5—第二曝气池，6—沉淀分离池，7—折流板，8—组合型填料，9—曝气管，10—回 流管，11—曝气池回流口，12—导流箱体，13—进水口，14—出水口，15—塑料缠丝材料，16—好氧填料。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方法，对本发明进行更详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施方法仅是本发明实施例的一部分。基于本发明的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创新性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均在本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明一种农村生活污水处理设备，包括依次相接的预沉淀池1、缺氧池2、厌氧池3、第一曝气池4、第二曝气池5、沉淀分离池6，相邻的池之间由折流板7分隔开，预沉淀池1上部设有进水口13，污水从进水口13进入预沉淀池1，缺氧池2和厌氧池3内均装填有厌氧填料，第一曝气池4和第二曝气池5内均设有多个组合型填料8，组合型填料8的下方设有曝气管9，曝气管9通过进气管与气泵连接，通过气泵及进气管将空气抽入第一曝气池4和第二曝气池5，沉淀分离池6设有与第一曝气池4、预沉淀池1相连通的回流管10，通过气提的方式可将水或沉淀污泥回流至第一曝气池4或预沉淀池1，回流管10在位于第一曝气池4内设有曝气池回流口11，回流管10在位于预沉淀池1的出水端设有导流箱体12；沉淀分离池6的上部设有出水口14，通过出水口14将沉淀分离池6上部的清水排放出来。
如图2所示，所述的组合型填料8由弯曲成空心圆柱体的塑料缠丝材料15包裹着好氧填料16构成，空心圆柱体的两端由相同的塑料缠丝材料15封闭，并固定在折流板7上，且多个组合型填料呈堆叠状分布于第一曝气池4 和第二曝气池5的中下部。
本发明所述好氧填料16为聚氨酯海绵或穿孔塑料好氧填料。
本发明所述多个组合型填料堆叠4～6层，每层5～8根，合计20～48根，第一曝气池的组合型填料的数量多于第二曝气池中的组合型填料。
本发明所述导流箱体12的上下端开口，导流箱体12的长为30～50cm，宽为20～40cm，导流箱体12内填充有塑料缠丝材料，通过导流箱体12可将回流水引导至预沉淀池液面以下40～60cm。
本发明所述缺氧池和厌氧池内装填的厌氧填料体积占比为容积的40％～80％。
本发明组合型填料中的好氧填料16体积占塑料缠丝材料构成的圆柱体内腔体积的30％～50％，好氧填料16最宽处尺寸为15～40mm，并且固定于池下部的好氧填料较大，池上部的较小，好氧填料大小由下至上逐级递减；第一曝气池4内好氧填料16的装填量大于第二曝气池5。
本发明组合型填料所用的塑料缠丝材料中，缠丝的单根丝直径为0.5～1.5mm，丝间距3mm～5mm，缠丝整体厚度30mm～60mm，弯曲形成的圆柱体外径为25～40cm。
本发明设备的工作过程如下：
将经过过滤除去大块垃圾的生活污水，通过进水口13进入本发明设备，首先在预沉淀池1内进行进一步的自然沉降，进一步去除水中可沉淀杂质，同时在停留过程中污水中的微生物逐渐消耗水中氧气，为接下来的缺氧池2创造低溶氧环境；污水从折流板7底部流到上部后进入缺氧池2，在缺氧池2内设有厌氧填料，为反硝化菌提供了良好的覆膜空间，从沉淀分离区6回流 至预沉淀池1的回流水中含有大量硝酸盐，反硝化菌可利用进水中的充足碳源将回流水中的硝酸盐进行反硝化脱氮反应，实现总氮的去除。同时，缺氧池2内的水解酸化菌等微生物会将污水中的部分大分子有机物消耗分解，并进一步消耗水中氧气。接下来污水同样经过折流板7流入厌氧池3，在厌氧池3中同样装填有供微生物生长覆膜的厌氧填料。在高度缺氧的环境下，水解酸化菌等厌氧微生物消耗水中大量有机物，使污水的COD大大降低，同时将水中难降解的大分子有机物分解为小分子物质，提高了可生化性，利于下一阶段好氧菌的利用。污水从厌氧池3流出后，经过折流板7进入第一曝气池4，曝气池中固定有由塑料缠丝材料15包裹着好氧填料16构成的组合型填料8，并且在填料上生长着大量生物膜，污水在好氧填料生物膜及水中活性污泥的共同作用下，实现水中剩余有机物降解的同时进行氨氮的硝化反应，同时在好氧填料16的部分区域发生局部反硝化反应，进一步提升总氮去除。从第一曝气池4流出的水进入具有相同结构的第二曝气池5，这时的污水C/N很低。在第二曝气池5中，富集着适合在低C/N条件下生长代谢的好氧微生物，能进一步强化去除污水中残留的有机物和氨氮，同时第二曝气池5也避免了因系统短流导致的第一曝气池4去除污染物效果不佳，并且能为本发明设备提供抗冲击能力，避免因进水COD或氨氮短期内快速升高时前端池无法完成污染物的去除。最后，从第二曝气池5流出的水进入沉淀分离池6，水中混有的活性污泥沉淀在池低，并可通过插入该池池底的回流管10将沉淀的污泥从曝气池回流口11回流至第一曝气池4，保证前端池体内污泥浓度，或是将富含硝酸盐的水从预沉淀池回流口12回流至预沉淀池1。其中，回流至预沉淀池1的回流水会经过导流箱体12，在箱体内塑料缠丝材料15上所附 着的微生物会迅速消耗水中多于氧气，从而使低溶解氧的回流水流入预沉淀池1。沉淀分离池6的上清液通过出水口14流出设备。
本发明设备通过在沉淀分离池6设置回流管10，可将沉淀分离池6底部的水从曝气池回流口11回流至第一曝气池4，回流量50％～200％；或通过预沉淀池1的导流箱体12回流至预沉淀池1，回流量50％～300％。
以下是采用本发明设备的应用实例：
2019年1月搭建于广西南宁市某地的试验平台，设备处理规模为5m3/d，设备处理的污水来自所在地附近旧小区、民房中居民产生的生活污水，污水经过前置沉砂池去除大块垃圾后进入本发明设备，设备主要参数如下：
由于进水COD并不算很高，且污水水质波动较大，故本发明设备运行前期采用100％回流量曝气回流至第一曝气池的方式帮助好氧填料迅速挂膜。在本发明设备挂膜期结束后，采用200％回流量回流至预沉淀池，连续运行15天后进出水数据如表1。从表1中数据可知，经本发明设备处理后出水指标基本达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标，具有较好较稳定的污水处理效果。
表1本发明设备连续运行期间进出水指标
Figure PCTCN2019094761-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019094761-appb-000002

Claims (8)

  1. 一种农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：包括依次相接的预沉淀池、缺氧池、厌氧池、第一曝气池、第二曝气池、沉淀分离池，相邻的池由折流板分隔开；所述预沉淀池上部设有进水口；所述缺氧池和厌氧池内均装填有厌氧填料；第一曝气池和第二曝气池内均设有多个组合型填料，组合型填料的下方设有曝气管，曝气管通过进气管与气泵连接；所述沉淀分离池设有与第一曝气池、预沉淀池相连通的回流管，沉淀分离池的上部设有出水口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：每个组合型填料由弯曲成空心圆柱体的塑料缠丝材料包裹着好氧填料构成，空心圆柱体的两端由塑料缠丝材料封闭，并固定在折流板上，且多个组合型填料呈堆叠状分布于第一曝气池和第二曝气池的中下部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：所述好氧填料为聚氨酯海绵或穿孔塑料。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：所述多个组合型填料堆叠4～6层，每层5～8根，合计20～48根，第一曝气池的组合型填料数量多于第二曝气池中的组合型填料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：所述回流管位于预沉淀池的出水端设有导流箱体，导流箱体的上下端开口，导流箱体内填充有塑料缠丝材料，通过导流箱体可将回流水引导至预沉淀池液面以下40～60cm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：所述缺氧池 和厌氧池内装填的厌氧填料体积占比为容积的40％～80％。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：组合型填料中的好氧填料体积占塑料缠丝材料构成的圆柱体内腔体积的30％～50％；好氧填料最宽处尺寸为15～40mm，并且固定于池下部的好氧填料较大，池上部的较小，好氧填料的大小由下至上逐级递减。
  8. 根据权利要求2或3所述的农村生活污水处理设备，其特征在于：组合型填料所用的塑料缠丝材料中，缠丝的单根丝直径为0.5～1.5mm，丝间距3mm～5mm，缠丝整体厚度30mm～60mm，弯曲形成的圆柱体外径为25～40cm。
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