WO2020249582A1 - Aérogénérateur guidé par un ballon pour la production d'énergie électrique à partir de vents d'altitude - Google Patents

Aérogénérateur guidé par un ballon pour la production d'énergie électrique à partir de vents d'altitude Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020249582A1
WO2020249582A1 PCT/EP2020/066014 EP2020066014W WO2020249582A1 WO 2020249582 A1 WO2020249582 A1 WO 2020249582A1 EP 2020066014 W EP2020066014 W EP 2020066014W WO 2020249582 A1 WO2020249582 A1 WO 2020249582A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
balloon
gas
wind turbine
hpl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/066014
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Nuske
Edmund Schiessle
Original Assignee
Andreas Nuske
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andreas Nuske filed Critical Andreas Nuske
Publication of WO2020249582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020249582A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/92—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure
    • F05B2240/921—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure kept aloft due to aerodynamic effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • Balloon-guided high altitude wind turbine generator for generating electrical energy 1.
  • Wind speed is approx. 5 m / s (onshore; approx. 8m / s nearshore) and approx. 10 m / s (offshore) and in the area of jet streams is approx. 80 m / s. Since the usable wind power P physically increases with the third power of the wind speed v, this means for example at
  • Electricity generation becomes feasible and, moreover, an extremely environmentally friendly one, since the C02 balance in electricity generation operation (electricity harvesting process) tends towards 0%. in the
  • Our subject matter of the invention can of course also be used for other additional benefits, such as: time-related climate measurements, time-related weather data and forecasts, observations of migratory birds and insects, etc .; ideally it would be a stationary, relatively ground-level GPS system.
  • the wind turbine is over 300 m high, a single rotor blade length is approx. 107 m and the wing area is approx. 330 square meters / rotor blade, the total wing area at 3
  • a 12 megawatt GROWIAN has an annual electricity yield of approx. 67 GW and can thus supply approx. 22,000 households (each 3,000 kW / year) with electricity
  • the key technology that can be used to generate electrical energy from high-altitude winds is large, fully automatic towing kites.
  • Wind turbines allow kite power systems to be produced more cheaply and are easier to install and maintain, says Eon.
  • the systems could also be installed in waters with a depth of more than 40 meters. This makes it possible to open up new offshore markets off the coasts of Portugal, Japan or the USA.
  • ground station too far away to be installed. If it is technically necessary, the ground station makes it possible to hold the main plant easily, as it can be unwound with a strap.
  • the subject of the invention will largely act autonomously under software control and take over the control, operation and control function of the entire unit using self-optimizing algorithms.
  • channels are assigned different bandwidths.
  • Modern sensor systems only occupy around 5 kHz. Each point of ascent uses the frequencies assigned to it. As a rule, there is a main frequency and an alternate / restart frequency that is used if the probe that has already started is faulty and a restart is necessary or the main frequency can no longer be used due to interference.
  • radio sensor systems which transmit data in the frequency range of 1.68 GHz. Many systems also have adjustable mechanisms to switch off according to defined, defined malfunctions in flight.
  • telemetry is usually also possible for the internal measurement variables for monitoring, e.g. battery voltage, temperature of the microprocessor or a current and voltage measurement of external sensors for function monitoring.
  • High wind is the name for the essentially horizontal constant air movement in the free atmosphere, in which the influence of the ground due to frictional forces is no longer or only slightly aerodynamically effective.
  • the direction and speed of the high-altitude wind depend on the respective weather conditions and the like. are physically determined by the horizontal pressure and temperature distribution.
  • the high wind in the troposphere (from 0 to 20 km) increases with altitude and reaches below the tropopause in the
  • the invention provides an apparatus for generating electrical energy which comprises at least the following:
  • the ground station is vertically spaced and held at the ground station by at least one tether,
  • a wind turbine rotatably mounted on the high-altitude balloon with a wind turbine axis which drives an alternating and / or direct current generator arranged on the high-altitude balloon to generate electrical power
  • balloon envelopes and technical applications must be as light as possible for weight reasons. You must be able to expand well without becoming leaky, in order not to let the gas in the interior escape.
  • classic materials for envelope production are mainly rubber or synthetically obtained materials.
  • high-performance film for balloon envelopes as well as installation sleeves for sensors, feed-through sleeves for cables and degassing sleeves for valves must be absolutely tear-proof and perforation-resistant.
  • 15 mi h to 25 pm thick films made of an impact-resistant and puncture-resistant polyethylene resin or of carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide and / or artificial spinning side with integrated carbon fibers that also have very high strength, impact resistance and, for a fiber-reinforced material, increased elongation at break and flame protection.
  • a fiber made from artificially produced spider silk, also known as biological steel (AMSilk) has a very low weight and is approx. 25 times more resilient than a comparable technical steel wire.
  • High-performance plastics such as semi-transparent thermoplastics based on polyamide do not burn and can withstand loads of up to around 500 ° C. Powder-based materials for additive manufacturing are also suitable for many other applications, e.g. for housing and high
  • a de-icing and defrosting device e.g.
  • the balloon is equipped with a gas differential pressure sensor (1.8) in the upper part of the balloon and with a sensor-controlled gas pressure control valve (1.9) in the lower part of the balloon.
  • the gas balloon is mechanically rigidly connected to a stable housing (1.2) of the technical central unit 1 in the line connections of different technology, such as technical electrical u. Gas connections, are housed.
  • a wind turbine (1.4) for generating the mechanical torque for driving the following alternating current generator (1.5) for generating the electrical energy or the electrical alternating current is installed underneath.
  • the wind turbine (1.4) can be mechanically constructed in such a way that it has a continuous drive shaft with central ball bearings, whereby the lower shaft end is provided with a suitably shaped, not too heavy metal flywheel (1.27) which simultaneously acts as a mechanical coupling for driving an alternating current Generator (1.5) can be used.
  • a suitably shaped, not too heavy metal flywheel 1.27) which simultaneously acts as a mechanical coupling for driving an alternating current Generator (1.5) can be used.
  • the fluctuations in speed caused by the fluctuations in the wind current can be dynamically well balanced or damped.
  • the spatial position of the central axis of the high-altitude wind generator is well stabilized against medium gusts of wind.
  • the wind turbine (1.4) can be limited with a suitable eddy current brake by detecting the rectified generator voltage.
  • the downstream electrical transformer (1.6) has a primary winding for connection to the alternating current generator (1.5) and two
  • Secondary windings the secondary winding 1 for the generation of electrical energy for the end user and the secondary winding 2 for the generation of the
  • a small, lightweight Li accumulator can be installed in the technical central unit, e.g. To compensate for flow fluctuations or to bridge over the
  • rectified AC voltage of the secondary winding 2 can be charged, and is thus generated as a buffered supply voltage.
  • a suitable electrical line in (1.3) For a low-loss transmission of electrical energy over a distance of approx. 20 km with a suitable electrical line in (1.3), a high voltage and a small alternating current are generated with the help of the secondary winding 1 of the transformer (1.6). This is converted into a small direct current using a rectifier (1.7) so that only a very small voltage loss occurs in the lines (high-voltage line and return line with shielding).
  • the lower end of the high voltage return line in the shielded cable (1.3) is connected to a suitable
  • Inverter (1.10) e.g. connected to precisely controlled IGBTs, which transforms a small direct current to a higher voltage level and thus generates a correspondingly large alternating voltage.
  • a second transformer (1.11) then generates a very high AC voltage converted into a very low AC voltage.
  • an electrical energy store (1.16) for energy buffering with a frequency converter (1.22) generates a frequency adjustment which feeds the AC voltage into a suitable electrical cable 2 (1.21), adapted to the consumer needs.
  • a gas buffer (1.15) is provided for filling gas buffering.
  • the entire tied, floating upper part of the device is anchored in a base plate (1.17) using three strong wire ropes.
  • the wire ropes are provided with strain gauge technology so that the mechanical tension of the wire ropes can be continuously monitored.
  • a device (1.14) is used to tighten and monitor the unwinding and winding up of the three holding wire ropes (1.12 with integrated strain gauge application and a cable hose (1.3).
  • a thick base plate (1.17) is arranged with three, each at 120 ° against each other offset pillars (1.18), (1.19) and (1.20) anchored extremely strongly in the ground (1.23).
  • Via the secondary winding 2 of the transformer (1.6) the DC supply voltages for sensor, analog and digital microelectronic as well as transmission components (FM technology or PCM ) in the technical central unit 2 (1.13).
  • the three parachute boxes (1.24), (1.25) and (1.26) equipped with the appropriate acceleration sensors or radio technology, three braking parachutes can be ejected at the same time, which for a soft landing also in the case of worry about a crash.
  • Fig. 1 b shows modifications to Fig. 1 to the effect that there are additional tethers (1.122) on the completely enclosing balloon net grid (1.29) with integrated, software and sensor-supported, autonomous / automatic or via remote control (emergency plan), de-icing and thawing device (e.g.
  • the tethers (1.12 and 1.122) should preferably be attached to electrical, S oftware- and sensor-based, autonomous / automatic or via remote control (emergency plan), Seilfix ists- or -Straffungsvortechniken (1,121), optimally aligned and permanently to the riser balloon with integral wind turbine to be able to.
  • FIG. 2 shows the simplified signaling detailing associated with the device-related FIG. 1, as well as the associated signal flows of mechanical, electrical and electronic measurement, control and regulation variables.
  • a suitable differential gas pressure sensor (2.8) is installed at the upper measuring point.
  • This consists of two suitable and exactly identical sensors (eg piezoelectric sensors), preferably in a common housing. These pressure sensors are each used 4 times (2.19) via two lines by clever wiring, reduced to just three, the ones with microelectronic signal processing for the evaluation and documentation of two individual and one differential pressure signals.
  • the upper pressure sensor is in contact with the outside atmosphere and thus records the altitude pressure in the troposphere and thus the current altitude (altitude).
  • the lower pressure sensor has contact with the carrier gas of the balloon and thus records its internal pressure (pressure rise).
  • the two separately recorded pressure sensor signals enable a statement to be made about the filling level of the gas (gas pressure) through electronic difference formation between the voltage signals.
  • the sensors used and their sensor lines can be printed extremely thinly on the technological basis of conductive nano inks.
  • the advantages of printed sensors and their sensor cables are obvious, since they are not only extremely thin and therefore also very light and very flexible and can be manufactured very inexpensively, but can also perform measurement tasks very reliably.
  • the further wiring of the lines takes place in the technical central unit (2.2) so that the differential voltage and an individual voltage are available so that they are converted into suitable frequency-analogue signals via two suitable electronic voltage-frequency converters and thus directly with a suitable one Microcomputer / signal processor in the technical central unit (2.13) can be processed algorithmically for measurement and control applications.
  • a frequency-analog transmission of the measurement signals generally permits low-error signal transmission, since the frequency evaluation of the
  • the lines are very effectively shielded against electromagnetic interference signals (EMC), e.g. via high-quality shielded coaxial cables.
  • EMC electromagnetic interference signals
  • the sensor signals can also be processed via analog / digital converters and a microcomputer for measurement and control applications.
  • modulation methods are available for wireless transmission technology with a transmitter and receiver (HF technology) in the approved and suitable frequency band.
  • HF technology transmitter and receiver
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • FM frequency modulation
  • PCM pulse amplitude modulation
  • a suitable gas pressure regulating valve (2.9) for filling (2.12) is installed on the underside of the balloon (2.1), extremely gas-tight in the balloon envelope. Pressure increase or evacuation (2.16) i.e. Pressure reduction of the balloon pressure installed with a corresponding carrier gas.
  • the height position can be regulated via a gas pressure control valve (2.9).
  • the difference signal of the adjustable carrier gas density (target value) and the current air density in the troposphere (actual value) forms a signal via an electronic controller to control the actuator (2.9, gas pressure valve) to initiate a desired balloon height correction (control process) for the rebound height via a controller - valve line (2.17).
  • Carrier gas takes place via a gas storage tank (2.30) with a gas line hose (2.17) and emptying with a controllable gas valve (2.9) via valve connection (2.16) for height correction. Fluctuations in the carrier gas can be buffered in predefined value ranges using a suitable gas reservoir (2.15).
  • the climbing balloon (2.1) is with the
  • Technical central unit (2.2) is elastically connected directly to the technical central unit via a rigid mechanical coupling Kl or via a suitable lightweight network construction, for example consisting of an extremely resilient artificial spider side which envelops the balloon in a suitable manner.
  • a suitable lightweight network construction for example consisting of an extremely resilient artificial spider side which envelops the balloon in a suitable manner.
  • the technical central unit (2.2) is connected to a suitable gas or wind turbine (2.4; e.g .: with orthogonal, wing-like blades) via a rigid mechanical coupling K2.
  • a suitable gas or wind turbine 2.4; e.g .: with orthogonal, wing-like blades
  • K2 a rigid mechanical coupling
  • the air currents set the wind turbine (2.4) in rotation, which in turn serves as a mechanical drive for the alternating current generator (2.5), which then supplies the electrical energy or the desired electrical current (2.20).
  • the wind turbine (2.4) can be mechanically constructed in such a way that it has a continuous, central ball-bearing drive shaft (K3), the lower shaft end being provided with a suitably shaped, not too heavy metal flywheel (2.28) which then simultaneously acts as a mechanical coupling K3 for the drive of an alternating current generator (2.5) can be used, the fluctuations in speed caused by the rotation of the flywheel
  • the secondary direct current can be connected to a suitable inverter (2.10), particularly mechanically and with little electrical loss, via a low-resistance, well electrically insulated and high-frequency-technically well-shielded light direct current cable (2.26), which can be easily controlled mechanically via a suitable and low-friction ball-bearing cable drum. with precisely controlled IGBTs.
  • the wind turbine blades (3.3) are located directly on the outer edge of the gas balloon (3.1) as a surrounding wind turbine ring.
  • the technical structure corresponds to the design units and features of FIGS. 1 and 2 described in detail above, which are located inside or on the gas balloon and / or fastening platform of the gas balloon, the gas balloon being made up of 2 x halves or of multi-part
  • balloon fragments that are attached to an axial, hermetically sealing hollow disk (3.2; a type of disc) and its gas management device as described above. Due to the design, two or more
  • the direction of travel should preferably be opposite.
  • a flat, solid and dynamically flexible wheel disc (3.4) Inside the disc (3.2) is a flat, solid and dynamically flexible wheel disc (3.4), which has a
  • System termination coupling (3.20) is sealed, fixed and permanently lubricated with low-viscosity oils, to which the individual wind turbine blades (3.3), which can be swiveled 360 degrees and are supported by an electric motor, are attached.
  • the AC / DC generator (3.5), preferably an additional, upstream electro- / electromechanical, speed-adaptive gear (eg planetary gear;
  • the turntable (3.7) is in turn located on an anchoring plate (3.8) and the parachute boxes (3.81) attached to the side.
  • the entire discus disc (3.2) is secured by reinforced tethers and / or straps (3.19) as well as the intended balloon net (3.22) with integrated software and sensor-controlled autonomous and / or remote-controlled (emergency function) de-icing system (e.g. heating wires) from above directly on the turntable (3.7), additionally fastened to prevent twisting so that it cannot tip over.
  • the reinforced tethers and / or straps are over
  • the wind vanes (3.3) can consist of a dynamic, rather rigid and / or semi-flexible material and / or of a dynamic, flexible material (similar to sail materials); Furthermore, it is conceivable that the flexible material is a kind of tear-resistant nylon material or a similarly usable material, which is controlled by an electrical and / or electro-pneumatic winding and unwinding device integrated in the wind vanes for the entire windsail area, so that the The area exposed to the wind can be significantly reduced and thus the entire unit is significantly protected.
  • Unwinding device is characterized in that the winding and unwinding device is integrated on one side of the windshield frame and the tensioning devices for the "canvas" are ideally located on the opposite side and / or the side windshield frame.
  • a software and sensor-supported, autonomous or remote control (emergency plan) controlled air kite (3.12)
  • LUV or LAY optimal wind direction
  • Fig. 3e and 3f show modification variants or possibilities to the effect that swiveling turbo propellers (3.15) or
  • “Sideprops”, similar to drone drives, are attached to the disc (3.2) offset at an angle or laterally so that they do not disrupt the primary function of the wind turbine ( power generation) in terms of turbulence.
  • the “Sideprops” can be controlled by software and sensors, autonomously or with the help of a remote control (emergency plan) and, if necessary, not only provide additional buoyancy for the subject of the invention, but also improve alignment of the wind turbine in the wind direction (LUV or LAY [Security aspect]).
  • the power supply of the "Sideprops" can be generated directly via the on-board power, with the help of a secondary circuit with a software-based control function and / or directly from the ground station, via a power flow reversal function of the power flow and / or directly through an additional secondary circuit, but directly from the Starting from ground station.
  • Fig. 3g shows modification variants or possibilities to the effect that x-rudders (3.14), preferably 2 rudders, are angularly or laterally offset on the hollow disc or disc (3.2) , which is also controlled by a software and sensor-supported, electrical control unit (3.21) whose 360-degree pivotability, with regard to optimal alignment of the wind turbine or the entire floating unit in the wind direction (LUV or LAY), autonomously or via
  • Fig. 4 Design variant 3 and the following (gas ball or gas balloon with wind turbine encircling the front "type of paddle wheel principle")
  • Execution features are located, which is attached to an axially running, stable hollow cylinder (4.0).
  • the wind turbine blades (4.5) are at the respective end of the hollow axle (4.0) which are attached to a dynamic, twist-resistant, stable drive axle (4.3), an electro- and / or electro-pneumatic axle attachment with integrated
  • an electro / electro-mechanical, adaptive gear for reduction or acceleration should preferably be in front of the generator unit upstream, which directly drives the rotor to generate electricity in the generator (4.1).
  • the wind turbine blades for their part (4.5) can consist of a dynamic, rather rigid material and / or of a dynamically flexible material;
  • the flexible material consists of a kind of tear-resistant nylon material (similar to canvas materials) or a better, meaningful material for the purpose, which is preferably by one in the
  • the winding and unwinding device is characterized in that the winding and unwinding on one side in the wind vane frame
  • Unwinding device is integrated and ideally a tensioning device for the "canvas" is located on the opposite side.
  • FIG. 4b shows modification variants or options for
  • Twisting unit (4.7) is connected; alternatively, the air kite can also be attached using conventional attachment options (4.9).
  • FIG. 4c shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that additionally software and sensor-supported, electric motor-controlled, 360-degree swiveling x-rudders (4.13), preferably 2
  • HPL is characterized in that it is on a landing device (5.2), which is on the base plate together with the described
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 Additional units and already described design features and units of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is located, which is directly connected to the central axis (5.12) of the balloon unit (5.11) by means of corresponding stable holding ropes (5.3).
  • the balloon unit can go up independently and first and the HPL follows the gas balloon with a time lag.
  • the balloon unit forms the supply unit and the software and sensor-supported, autonomous / automatic and or remote-controlled HPL exclusively forms the power generator; All “ballast” that is irrelevant to electricity generation is taken over by the balloon unit.
  • gas-filled zeppelins (5.5), which are attached to a hard-shell half cylinder including an enclosing, dynamically stable balloon net, which is preferably equipped with an integrated software and sensor-controlled, autonomous / automatic or via remote control (emergency plan), de-icing and defrosting unit (e.g. heating wires), firmly connected.
  • the Zeppeline should provide each other with one, S oftware- and sensor-based, may be connected automatically or by remote control (emergency plan), the bypass to the gas exchange autonomously /, active and as required, to a control and Execute steering function so that a targeted position shift or maneuver of the HPL, e.g. bow lift vs. Rear lowering and vice versa) can be actively brought about.
  • the actual wind turbine (5.0), including the AC / DC generator, as well as the additional units and design features that support the flow of current and which have already been described, are positioned in the middle of the HPL.
  • FIG. 5c shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that an additional sliding surface or sail surface (5.9), preferably with the sail and gliding material described in 5e with integrated, at the side ends of the FIPL Unwinding and winding units, can be taken into account so that the FIPL can perform its power generation function in a more stable manner and even with lower winds.
  • an additional sliding surface or sail surface (5.9) preferably with the sail and gliding material described in 5e with integrated, at the side ends of the FIPL Unwinding and winding units, can be taken into account so that the FIPL can perform its power generation function in a more stable manner and even with lower winds.
  • FIG. 5d shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that the position of the wind turbine, including the AC or DC generator (5.0), can be changed by means of an electro- and / or electro-pneumatic position-stroke hydraulic system in 3 different positions - in the middle (5.0 A) or below (5.0C) or above (5.0 B) - can actively induce in the HPL; preferably the central position.
  • Figure 5a-5d shows 5e change variants or -.
  • Possibilities of the subject invention that the sliding surface and the sliding or sail material (5.12), hard-wearing of HPL from a strong, tear-resistant, and in particular by an integrated, S oftware - and sensor-controlled, autonomous / automatic or via remote control (emergency plan), de-icing and defrosting units (e.g. heating wires), which are also controlled by the secondary circuit using software and sensors.
  • FIG. 6a shows modification variants or possibilities of the
  • the HPL described under Fig. 5 and following can be connected directly to the gas balloon (6.15 and Fig. 1 and following) in the x-stable anchoring rails (6.5), preferably four, which are directly on the gas balloon central axis (6.12) are attached, the gas balloon central axis being connected directly via folded cables and / or stable retaining rails ((6.7) to the turntable (6.8), which in turn is rotatably attached to the fixed platform disc (6.13).
  • the special thing here is the separation of the wind generator unit or wind turbine unit (6.11) from the HPL
  • the wind turbine unit (6.11) is namely attached to the gas balloon (6.15) and is held in position by the anchoring rails (6.5); The two HPL cords (6.6 left and right) together with the electrical cable (6.14) are also attached to this; the electricity generated by the wind turbine (6.11) including the AC / DC generator (6.0) is fed directly into the technical central unit 1 with additional units [6.9; consisting of an electrical transformer 1 (Fig 1 1.6), electrical rectifier (Fig 1 1.7)]; this generated electricity is then fed to the technical center 2 (as in Fig. 1, 1.13 and the corresponding) via the electrical cable (6.14) that is led to the ground station
  • HPL cords (6.6) and the electrical cable (6.14) are software and through the electrical cable guide unit (6.13) Tightened with the help of sensors and controlled autonomously / automatically and / or via remote control (emergency plan).
  • the software and sensor-supported HPL with the integrated, permanently connected alternating current generator (6.0) and the three-phase current axis (6.1) connects at the end of the flight phase, when the gas balloon is supported by its software and sensor
  • autonomously / automatically or via remote control can be brought into its intended climbing and floating position so that the HPL can then generate its electricity via
  • Wind converter and AC / DC generator connected to the drive shaft.
  • FIG. 6b shows modification variants or options for
  • the alternating current generator (6.0) and the wind turbine (6.11) are already connected as a unit on the gas balloon (Fig. 1 and the detailed design features) and can thus be software- and sensor-controlled (e.g. opto -electronic), autonomous HPL controlled by remote control (emergency plan) can be picked up and permanently connected to it and, after completion of the coupling process, completely decoupled from the supply station (gas balloon) by software and sensor-supported, autonomous or remote-controlled magnetic couplings (6.4) or separately and with the help of the prevailing wind force and
  • software- and sensor-controlled e.g. opto -electronic
  • autonomous HPL controlled by remote control emergency plan
  • FIG. 7a shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that the gas balloon (7.0) with one of a solid,
  • HPL (7.6) is attached.
  • HPL (7.9) is attached directly to the holding lines (7.12) or directly to the rope tensioning and rope control units (7.14) with integrated x magnetic couplings, preferably 4 magnetic couplings, to decouple the HPL from the balloon unit system is attached.
  • the HPL is in turn with tension-resistant holding ropes (7.3), which are connected by software and sensor-assisted automatically or remotely operating holding line unwinding and winding units (7.31), as well as with the electric cable (7.11), which in turn is connected to the wind turbine (7.10) and
  • AC generator generates electricity directly in the technical central unit (7.7), analogous to the s.
  • Definition of the technical central unit A conducts and the current is then transferred to the technical center 2 (7.15) via the electrical cable (7.11) led to the ground station, analogous to the Definition to the technical central unit B, directed.
  • FIG. 7b shows modification variants or possibilities for the subject matter of the invention in that the gas balloon (7.0) is not attached directly to the turntable (7.5) via the balloon guide unit (7.4), but is supported by a central axis ( 7.1) including software and sensor-based automatic or remote-controlled running
  • Retaining line unwinding and winding units are connected (7.31) to which the retaining lines (7.3) of the HPL are attached.
  • FIGS. 7c and 7d show modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that the HPL is in the flight position, with the HPL on the turntable (7.5) in FIG. 7c and the HPL in FIG. 7d is attached to the central axis (7.1).
  • Fig. 8 Design variant 7 and following (gas ball or gas balloon as connection system)
  • FIG. 8a shows modification variants or options for
  • the wind turbine including alternating / direct current generator (8.0) is not attached directly to a gas balloon (8.1), but is attached to the holding lines (8.2) of the x gas balloons, preferably 4 gas balloons, in the center of the wind direction.
  • the Wind turbines including alternating current generator (8.0) can also be brought in the direction of the wind using an air kite (weathercock effect), which is attached directly to the wind turbine unit and is controlled automatically or remotely via software and sensor-supported holding line unwinding units and winding units .
  • FIG. 8b shows modification variants or options for
  • FIG. 9a shows modification variants or possibilities of the
  • the wind turbine (9.10) which is attached to the gas balloon (9.8) or to the stable x-mounting bars and / or tethers (9.5) and consists of a stable housing or stable struts, which inside the rotating axle disk (9.18) and / or drives spokes or rods to which the software and sensor-supported adjustment unit (9.6), which can be controlled autonomously / automatically or via remote control (emergency plan), and the actual wind vanes (9.7) are attached.
  • the wind turbine drives the drive shaft of the AC / DC generator (9.3) via its axle disk and a preferably centrally positioned deflection gear (9.12) and thus leads directly to the generation of electricity and this electricity is supplied via the electrical cable (9.4), analogous to that already
  • the drive axis (9.1) of the turbo propeller can be passive, ie only through the speed of the wind turbine and a preferably deflection gear (9.12), the downstream speed gear (9.2) and / or as a hybrid system additionally through the above mentioned electric motor are supported, whose power supply takes place directly through the ground station or through its secondary circuit implemented on the gas balloon unit and / or through the secondary circuit generated by the wind turbine, or exclusively by an electric motor, which is via the Secondary circuit is fed, driven.
  • the turbo propellers could alternatively be driven by a classic combustion engine with fossil fuels and an integrated fuel tank.
  • a direct gas or hydrogen supply is of interest (particularly if the subject matter of the invention in
  • FIG. 9b shows modification variants or possibilities of the
  • turbo propeller (9.0) runs through a drive shaft (9.23), which in turn runs directly through the entire balloon within a drive shaft housing (9.24) running through the center and preferably upstream, centrally positioned deflection gear (9.12) is connected to the wind turbine (9.10) and the alternating / direct current generator (9.3) attached below the wind turbine.
  • the electric cable (9.4) is connected via the alternator to the floor platform and the technical central unit II as described in FIG. 1 (see definition as an assembly) and the design features and units described in more detail.
  • the turbo propellers or their housings are firmly connected to a stable spacer plate (9.11), which in turn is connected to the stable x-mounting struts or tension-resistant retaining ropes (9.5) which are sheathed on the balloon side and which are firmly connected to the housings of the wind turbines (9.10).
  • the turbo propellers should preferably be equipped with an upstream, software and sensor-based,
  • autonomous / automatic or remote-controlled gear e.g. planetary gear
  • a supporting eddy current brake to accelerate or brake the speed of the drive shafts (9.1).
  • FIG. 9c shows modification variants or possibilities of the
  • FIG. 9d shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that the turbo propeller (9.0) is below the
  • Wind turbines and preferably a centrally positioned deflection gear (9.12) and a preferably downstream, software and sensor-supported, autonomous / automatic and / or remote-controlled speed-regulating (accelerate or brake) gear (e.g. planetary gear), with or without an eddy current brake.
  • a centrally positioned deflection gear (9.12) and a preferably downstream, software and sensor-supported, autonomous / automatic and / or remote-controlled speed-regulating (accelerate or brake) gear e.g. planetary gear
  • Combustion engine which can be driven with gas or hydrogen, for example, a direct gas / hydrogen supply via the ground station and / or from the platform of the gas balloon unit is possible through its integrated gas management and would thus make the fuel tank superfluous.
  • a second axle drive pulley (9.19) and / or drive spokes or rods which preferably also opens into another speed-influencing deflection gear (9.12) and from there with the help of a drive axle ( 9.20) drives the turbo propeller (9.0).
  • this passive drive variant could be extended by a hybrid drive variant in the electric motors (9.21), by an upstream or downstream axis, through direct frictional connection starting from the wind turbine blades (9.7) up to the x-turbo propellers - Deflection gear or, after the deflection gear, actively support the axle drive (9.20) of the turbo propellers.
  • FIG. 9f shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that the drive is driven by the x-turbo propellers (9.0), actively and exclusively by an upstream electric motor (9.21), here too preferably with electric motors before or after a transmission
  • FIG. 9g shows modification variants or possibilities of the subject matter of the invention to the effect that this variant has both a wind turbine (9.10) above and below the gas balloon.
  • the two wind turbines are connected in parallel to an axially positioned drive shaft (9.23) running through the balloon, which is located inside the hermetically sealed drive shaft housing (9.11) running through the balloon on the balloon side, and each preferably positioned deflection gear (9.12).
  • the drive shaft drives the preferably located in the center of the drive housing
  • AC / DC generator (9.3).
  • the electricity generated in this way is sent directly to the ground station and the units also described in FIGS. 1 and 2 using the power cable (9.28) via the execution features and units already described in FIGS. 1 and 2 (see definition of technical central unit A) (see definition of technical central unit B).
  • a central AC / DC generator there can also be a generator located below the wind turbines, including additional units described in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (see definition of technical central unit A), in which case the continuous drive shaft (9.23) can be dispensed with ; each wind turbine then has its own drive shaft, which is driven directly by the wind turbine and preferably in front of the Electro- / electro-mechanical, adaptive gearbox connected upstream of the generator unit for
  • the wind turbine (10.1) is located in the middle of the two floating gas balloons, i.e. completely flooded with air, i.e. the wind flow can flow through without obstacles on the balloon side and only the wind turbine ensures that the wind is slowed down.
  • continuous drive shaft (10.14) of the alternating / direct current generator (10.2) which preferably connects to two wind turbines or wind turbine rotors (10.1), and / or each individual drive axle for each wind turbine rotor with preferably upstream electro / electro-mechanical, adaptive gear (10.3) for reduction or Acceleration and / or
  • the change in the direction of travel of the drive shaft and the current generated by it is determined via the design features and units already described in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the aid of the
  • the two wind turbine rotors should preferably rotate in opposite directions and possibly also be different in size in order to achieve optimal power generation and stabilization of the overall system.
  • Can ariants V with different gases are filled. All gas balloons preferably have electrical, software and sensor-supported, autonomous or automatic and / or remote-controlled (emergency situation) x-turbo propellers and electrical, software and sensor-supported, autonomous or automatic and / or remote-controlled (emergency situation) ) Adjustable elevator and / or rudder for stabilization and position purposes.
  • gases for example helium or hydrogen
  • All gas balloons preferably have electrical, software and sensor-supported, autonomous or automatic and / or remote-controlled (emergency situation) x-turbo propellers and electrical, software and sensor-supported, autonomous or automatic and / or remote-controlled (emergency situation) ) Adjustable elevator and / or rudder for stabilization and position purposes.
  • turbo propellers should preferably be adjustable to rotate clockwise or anti-clockwise and should preferably run in the opposite direction to the rotation of the wind turbine.
  • turbo propellers can also be equipped with such a “canvas device”, so that on the one hand the mechanics of the side props are protected and on the other hand the additional surface can act to support the overall kite system.
  • the interior of the "donut” can also be efficiently protected in this way.
  • HPLs can be stacked on top of each other; sensibly
  • Inertial navigation system for position determination radar, infrared, sonar systems, high frequency, turbo fans (Sideprops) equipped or computer supporting software including a Vorhersage analyses- algorithm and digital array control logic, the collision protection and 'Wamsytem for the entire plant and its operation.
  • Vorhersage analyses- algorithm and digital array control logic the collision protection and 'Wamsytem for the entire plant and its operation.
  • the climbing balloon 1.1, 2.1 can also be provided with an airbag device with at least one airbag, the at least one airbag deploying when the climbing balloon 1.1, 2.1 suddenly loses gas and falls to the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Des activités de recherche et de développement ont vu le jour ces 15 dernières années dans le domaine de l'utilisation de l'énergie issue de vents d'altitude. Ainsi, des concepts théoriques très variés ont été proposés, et certains prototypes ont permis de démontrer de manière spectaculaire leur faisabilité mais également le potentiel d'une utilisation de l'énergie de vents d'altitude. Toutefois, il n'existe en théorie et en pratique à l'heure actuelle encore aucune éolienne prévue en particulier pour des altitudes plus importantes (à partir de 10 km) se basant sur la technologie des ballons ascensionnels et son élargissement avec la possibilité d'un fonctionnement dans la durée automatisé surveillé par des capteurs, commandé par des processeurs de signaux (microprocesseurs, micro-ordinateurs ou ordinateurs de mesure). Les fascicules de brevet et de publication rendus publiés, déjà connus à ce jour reposent systématiquement sur des dispositifs créés respectivement sur une tout autre base technologique (comme au chapitre 2 « état de la technique ») et décrits également de telle sorte que le fossé technologique est censé être comblé à l'aide de l'objet de l'invention décrit.
PCT/EP2020/066014 2019-06-12 2020-06-10 Aérogénérateur guidé par un ballon pour la production d'énergie électrique à partir de vents d'altitude WO2020249582A1 (fr)

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DE102019004106.2A DE102019004106B3 (de) 2019-06-12 2019-06-12 Ballongeführter Höhenwindturbinengenerator zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie

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CN108959827B (zh) * 2018-08-10 2022-04-15 哈尔滨工业大学 基于电动帆的极地悬浮轨道的设计方法
CN115723954B (zh) * 2022-11-09 2024-05-31 北京航天试验技术研究所 一种用于无人机的球形储罐

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DE102007020632A1 (de) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-06 Eilers, Harald, Dipl.-Ing. Windkraftanlage
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DE202011103739U1 (de) * 2011-07-15 2012-01-17 Wilfried Ernst Molitor Windenergie Elektrizitätswerk
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FR2935005B1 (fr) * 2008-08-14 2013-08-16 Institut Nat Polytechnique De Grenoble Structure d'assise d'une turbomachine hydraulique
RU2576103C1 (ru) * 2015-01-27 2016-02-27 Александр Владимирович Губанов Аэростатно-плавательный ветрогенератор
CN204458216U (zh) * 2015-03-05 2015-07-08 衢州学院 一种高空风力发电装置
RU2594827C1 (ru) * 2015-10-15 2016-08-20 Александр Владимирович Губанов Аэростатное крыло ветроэнергетического назначения
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US4207026A (en) * 1978-09-29 1980-06-10 Kushto Oliver J Tethered lighter than air turbine
DE102007020632A1 (de) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-06 Eilers, Harald, Dipl.-Ing. Windkraftanlage
US20100066093A1 (en) * 2008-09-18 2010-03-18 Moshe Meller Airborne stabilized wind turbines system
DE202011103739U1 (de) * 2011-07-15 2012-01-17 Wilfried Ernst Molitor Windenergie Elektrizitätswerk
DE112012006563T5 (de) * 2012-06-20 2015-03-26 Mohamed Hassan Magnetgelagerte Vertikalachswindturbine für große Höhen (HAM-VAWT)

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