Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
  • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
  • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
  • C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
  • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
  • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
  • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment 
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment 
  • C21D8/0284—Application of a separating or insulating coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
  • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
  • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
  • C21D9/562—Details
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
  • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
  • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
  • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
  • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
  • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
  • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/26—After-treatment
  • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
  • C23C2/36—Elongated material
  • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
  • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
  • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
  • C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F15/00—Other methods of preventing corrosion or incrustation

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a sheet metal component from a flat steel product which is provided with an anti-corrosion coating.
• Fiber steel products are understood here as rolled products, the length and width of which are each significantly greater than their thickness. These include in particular steel strips and steel sheets.
• a method of the type specified at the outset is known from EP 2 993 248 A1.
• a steel flat product is used as the starting product for this process, the steel substrate of which consists of so-called "MnB steel".
• a typical example of such a steel is the steel known under the designation 22MnB5, which can be found in the steel key 2004 under the material number 1.5528.
• 22MnB5 steel available on the market contains iron and unavoidable impurities (in% by weight) 0.10-0.250% C, 1.0-1.4% Mn, 0.35-0.4% Si , up to 0.03% P, up to 0.01% S, up to 0.040% Al, up to 0.15% Ti, -up to 0.1% Nb, in total up to 0.5% Cr + Mo, as well as up to 0.005% B.
• the flat steel products are provided with an Al-based corrosion protection coating according to the known method, which contains effective contents of 0.005-0.7% by weight of at least one alkaline earth or transition metal as an additional alloy component. Furthermore, Si contents of 3-15% by weight and Fe contents of up to 5% by weight can also be present in the coating.
• Mg is preferably used in contents of 0.1-0.5% by weight, with calcium, strontium, sodium or barium also being possible as an alternative or in addition.
• the Al-based protective coating lets through
• Hot-dip coating also called “hot-dip aluminizing” in the technical language, or by a gas separation process, e.g. the well-known PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) or CVD (Chemical Vapor
• Alkaline earth metal or transition metal in the coating leads to minimal hydrogen absorption in the steel substrate, so that the risk of so-called "hydrogen embrittlement" is minimized.
• Sheet metal components in resistance welding and the adhesion of organic layers, such as painting and the like, are made on such sheet metal components.
• DE 10 2017 210 201 A1 is also concerned with a method for producing a steel component based on Al and provided with a metallic coating that protects against corrosion.
• a flat steel product is provided which is made from, in% by weight, 0.15 to 0.50% C, 0.50 to 3.0% Mn, 0.10 to 0.50% Si, 0.01 to 1 0.00% Cr, up to 0.20% Ti, up to 0.10% Al, up to 0.10% P, up to 0.1% Nb, up to 0.01% N, up to 0.05 % S and up to 0.1% B,
• the remainder consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities and is coated with an Al coating, which consists of, in% by weight, 3 to 15% Si, 1 to 3.5%
• the sheet metal provided is annealed in a furnace at a temperature and for a duration that are linked to one another via a parameter calculated using a complex formula. Depending on the oven dwell time and the temperature, there should be a so-called temperature at the transition between substrate and coating
• This interdiffusion zone extends from the Center of the flat steel product of the thickness from which no
• martensitic structure is more present, up to the thickness from which the iron content of the Al coating is continuously £ 85% by weight and the Al content is continuously 3 10% by weight.
• References to how the interdiffusion zone could be designed in detail, or instructions on how the creation and composition of the interdiffusion zone could be controlled specifically with a view to certain surface properties of the coating, are also not given in this prior art. Rather, considerations for improving the deformation behavior of the Al coating, in particular the achievable bending angle, are in the foreground.
• the invention proposes that at least those specified in claim 1 be used in the production of sheet metal components
• step b) Application of an anti-corrosion coating to the flat steel product obtained in step b), the anti-corrosion coating consisting of (in% by weight) up to 15% Si, up to 5% Fe, a total of 0.1-5% of at least one alkaline earth metal or transition metal and the remainder consists of Al; d) optional: skin pass rollers with the anti-corrosion coating
• Hot forming temperature which is higher than the Ac3 temperature of the steel of the flat steel product and does not exceed 1000 ° C, for a holding period which is sufficient to allow a
• Cooling rate that is sufficient to produce a hardened structure in the section of the sheet metal component.
• the invention is based on the knowledge that it is necessary for the behavior of
• Sheet metal components that are made with an aluminum-based (“Al-based")
• Corrosion protection coating are provided, in resistance welding and for the adhesion of an organic coating, in particular one
• Corrosion protection coating (work step c)) created the prerequisites for an optimally homogeneous corrosion protection coating to be present in the component processed according to the invention.
• Components produced according to the invention typically have a
• Anticorrosive coating on which through several layers different composition are formed.
• the inventive management of the dew point and the annealing temperature during annealing in the continuous annealing furnace in preparation for the subsequent application of the anti-corrosion coating achieves a significant reduction in the pores contained in the coating.
• Fe-Al layer The transition from the steel substrate to the anti-corrosion coating forms an iron-aluminum layer ("Fe-Al layer").
• Fe-Al layer iron-aluminum layer
• step e) Flat steel product is already a cut that is directly suitable for forming into the component, step e) can be omitted. If, on the other hand, the flat steel product provided is a steel strip or a larger sheet steel, a blank of the appropriate size is cut off from this in step e).
• Blanks are heated to the hot forming temperature for hot forming (work step g)) (work step f)). This can already happen in the homogeneous boundary layer of the anti-corrosion coating
• Transition metal atoms swap places and are built into the metal lattice so that the alkaline earth or
• the component according to the invention also does not agglomerate into pores, so that a component according to the invention is distinguished by a significantly reduced number of pores compared to conventionally produced components produced, for example, according to the pattern of EP 2 086 755 B1.
• the effects used by the invention occur particularly reliably when the additionally present alkaline earth or transition metal is magnesium (“Mg”), that is, when Mg alone or in combination with other alkaline earth or transition metals belonging to the group
• Corrosion protection coating applied according to the invention of a flat steel product processed according to the invention is present.
• the method according to the invention is suitable for producing components from flat steel products with a wide range of thicknesses.
• flat steel products with a thickness of 0.6-7 mm can be processed.
• the flat steel products provided in step a) can be produced in any desired manner known from the prior art.
• the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for processing flat steel products with a thickness of 0.8-4 mm, in particular 0.8-3 mm.
• 3 mm are typically processed in the hot-rolled condition, while thinner sheets are typically processed in the cold-rolled condition
• step a) for the method according to the invention different sheet metal blanks or
• Form flat steel product are provided for the process according to the invention.
• the flat steel product provided according to the invention in each case consists of a steel which has a composition typical of MnB steels. Such steels typically have yield strengths of 250-580 MPa and tensile strengths of 400-720 MPa in the delivery condition.
• a flat steel product provided according to the invention consists of
• C - 0.05-0.5% by weight carbon
• Mn manganese
• Si silicon
• P phosphorus
• Al 1.0 wt .-% aluminum
• Ti titanium
• Nb niobium
• B boron
• Cr chromium
• Mo molybdenum
• Va vanadium
• Hot forming and cooling tensile strengths of up to 2000 MPa Hot forming and cooling tensile strengths of up to 2000 MPa.
• step b) carried out in four uninterrupted successive stages A, B, C, D) produces a surface on the respectively processed flat steel product which
• step b) in zones AD takes place under an annealing atmosphere containing 0.1-15% by volume of hydrogen, the remainder of which consists of nitrogen and unavoidable impurities, the sum of the impurities typically at most 5% by volume, in particular at most 4% by volume or, preferably at most
• a wide variety of oxide products are present in the continuous furnace, which have a negative effect on the quality of the coating and, in particular, on pore formation in the coating.
• the oxides present on the flat steel product are also set
• the annealing temperature GT A can be 810 - 940 ° C and the dew point temperature TP A -15 - -25 ° C in zone A of the continuous furnace.
• zone B the iron oxides are reduced so that iron is present on the surface after zone C.
• zone B the dew point temperature TP B of the annealing atmosphere prevailing there is then lowered to -27 ° to -41 ° C and the annealing temperature GT B is kept at 800-930 ° C, which is particularly important with regard to the desired effect
• Annealing atmosphere is then further lowered to -30 ° C to -80 ° C and the
• Annealing temperature GT C kept at 800 - 950 ° C in order to reduce the
• Iron oxides to complete iron This effect can be achieved particularly reliably if the annealing temperature GT C is 800-920 ° C and the dew point temperature TP C is -30 ° C to -50 ° C during the annealing in zone C of the continuous furnace.
• zone D the dew point temperature TPD becomes the prevailing there
• the annealing atmosphere is then increased to -30 ° C to -20 ° C and the annealing temperature GT D is kept at 750 - 950 ° C in order to temper the flat steel product so that, on the one hand, its recrystallization can take place and, on the other hand, the previously obtained pure iron surface is retained.
• This effect can be achieved particularly reliably if the annealing temperature GT D is 780-930 ° C. during the annealing performed in step b) in zone D of the continuous furnace.
• the lambda value 1 describes the ratio of the masses of air to fuel introduced into the continuous furnace and lies in the annealing atmosphere maintained in zones AD of a continuous furnace used in accordance with the invention in step b) of the invention
• Corrosion protection coating based on aluminum (“AI").
• AI Corrosion protection coating based on aluminum
• transition metal in the coating applied according to the invention. If the alkaline earth or transition metal contents are above 5% by weight, there would be increased oxide formation in the crucible
• the amount of alkaline earth metal or transition metal in the anti-corrosion coating applied in step c) can be limited to a total of at most 1.5% by weight, in particular at most 0.6% by weight.
• the alkaline earth metal or transition metal contents of the applied in step c) can be limited to a total of at most 1.5% by weight, in particular at most 0.6% by weight.
• Corrosion protection coatings are therefore in particular 0.11-1.5% by weight or, especially, 0.11-0.6% by weight.
• Transition metals Mg shown to be particularly suitable for the purposes according to the invention which can be present alone or in combination with other alkaline earth or transition metals such as beryllium, calcium, strontium and barium in the coating applied according to the invention in order to achieve the
• silicon can also be present in the coating that is applied in step c) in contents of up to 15% by weight, in particular up to 11% by weight, in order to promote the formation of an iron-aluminum layer that are good on the iron surface set in step b) adheres and occupies a maximum of one third of the total thickness of the coating. If the Si content is too high, it would be too high
• Fe can be present in the coating applied in step c) in contents of up to 5% by weight, in particular up to 4% by weight, especially up to 3.5% by weight. Iron would be plating in this
• Aluminum melt is in the temperature range 650 - 720 ° C.
• Fe contents of at least 1% by weight prove to be particularly favorable in this regard, so that with an Fe content of 1-5% by weight, in particular 1-4% by weight, especially 1-3 , 5 wt .-%, in practice, the positive effects of Fe can be used particularly reliably.
• the anti-corrosion coating can in step c) des
• hot-dip aluminizing is particularly suitable, in which the respective flat steel product is passed through a suitably heated molten bath composed in accordance with the requirements of the invention.
• a hot-dip coating is particularly suitable for strip-shaped
• the applied weight of the present invention applied in step c) corrosion protective coating is typically per Page 30 - 100 g / m 2, in particular 40 - 80 g / m 2.
• the applied weight present with double-sided coating is therefore a total of 60-200 g / m 2 .
• the correspondingly coated flat steel product can optionally be one
• Skin pass rollers are subjected (step d)) in order to set the mechanical parameters of the flat steel product, to adjust its surface roughness or to homogenize it.
• Skin pass rolling / (thickness before skin pass rolling) are typically 0.1 - 5%.
• a blank is separated from the flat steel product in a manner known per se, the dimensions of which are adapted in a known manner to the dimensions of the sheet metal component to be hot-formed from it (Work step e)).
• the steel flat product itself or the blank is then heated in step f) to a hot forming temperature which is higher than the Ac3 temperature of the steel of the steel flat product and does not exceed 1000 ° C, in particular at least equal to the Ac3 temperature + 50 ° C and at most 980 ° C, with hot forming temperatures of 820 - 950 ° C have proven to be particularly advantageous. At this temperature it will
• Js [kJs] [(T2-T1) x c x t x m] / 1000; with T2: final temperature of the component at the end of the heating in K
• T1 Start temperature of the component at the start of heating in K
• the heating can be carried out in any suitable manner.
• a conventional continuous furnace in which the flat steel product or the blank is heated by radiant heat
• the suitable holding time is typically 100-900 s, preferably 180-720 s, in particular 240-600 s.
• a hot-forming temperature of 850-930 ° C. is chosen, holding times of 180-600 s, in particular 240-600 s, generally prove to be sufficient in practice.
• the flat steel product or the blank can also be heated in two stages in a manner which is also known per se, in order to initially have one
• Hot forming temperature heated flat steel product is within a Transfer time of typically less than 15 seconds, in particular less than 10 seconds, placed in the hot-forming tool and there thermoformed into the component (work step g)).
• Cooling rates are typically 20-500 K / s, where
• Cooling speeds of more than 30 K / s, in particular more than 50 K / s, are particularly practical.
• the cooling of "at least one section" naturally also includes the possibility of cooling the component as a whole in the above-mentioned manner in order to achieve the entire component
• Sheet metal component made from a flat steel product, whose
• the steel substrate consists of a steel (in% by weight) of 0.05-0.5% C, 0.5-3% Mn, 0.06-1.7% Si, up to 0.06% P , up to 0.01% S, up to 1.0% Al, up to 0.15% Ti, up to 0.6% Nb, up to 0.01% B, up to 1.0% Cr, up to to 1.0% Mo, the sum of the Cr and Mo contents not exceeding 1.0%, up to 0.2% Ca, in particular up to 0.1%, up to 0.1% V, and the remainder consists of iron and unavoidable impurities, and which is coated with a corrosion protection coating, which consists of (in% by weight) up to 15% Si, up to 5% Fe, in total 0.1-5% by weight of at least one alkaline earth or transition metal and the remainder of Al and unavoidable impurities, the layer adjacent to the steel substrate being the
• Corrosion protection coating is an interdiffusion layer, which consists of ferrite with an Al content of up to 50 wt .-%, in particular at least 1 wt .-% Al, wherein in a cross-section of the interdiffusion layer the proportion of the pore occupied area with a diameter 3 0.1 mm less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, and wherein over a measuring length of 500 mm the area occupied with pores in the
• Interdiffusion layer ⁇ 300 mm 2 , in particular less than 200 mm 2 , particularly preferably less than 100 mm 2 .
• the thickness is the
• Alloy layer 1 - 30 mm preferably 2 - 20 mm, in particular 4 - 16 mm.
• FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a steel sheet of a sheet metal component produced by hot forming according to the invention, magnified 500 times.
• the cross-section has been prepared in a conventional manner by etching with 3% nital to remove the one on the steel sheet
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the cross section according to FIG. 1.
• Corrosion protection coating K is an interdiffusion layer D which is directly connected to the steel substrate S and which consists essentially of alpha mixed crystal (i.e. ferrite) with an increased Al content. Fe2AI5 is still present here in phases.
• the interdiffusion layer D is characterized in that it is homogeneous and uniform and that it is almost pore-free.
• a first Si-rich layer Si has formed on the diffusion layer D.
• pores P1 are present in the diffusion layer D in a small number and at a large distance from one another.
• a first intermediate layer Z 1 has formed, which consists of aluminum-iron, the main proportion being aluminum. Traces of Si, alkaline earth and / or
• Transition metals as well as unavoidable impurities can also be contained in the layer S 1 .
• the intermediate layer Z1 is pore-free.
• a second Si-rich layer S 2 lies in the direction of the free surface O on the intermediate layer Z 1 .
• a second intermediate layer Z 2 is formed in the direction of the free surface O on the Si-rich layer S 2 .
• Layer Z 2 also consists of aluminum-iron, the main proportion being aluminum, and alkaline earth and / or transition metals may also be present. Traces of Si as well
• the intermediate layer Z2 is also free of pores.
• the second intermediate layer Z2 is O on its free surface
• oxide layer OX which consists essentially of aluminum, silicon and alkaline earth and / or transition metal oxides. Oxide layer thicknesses of up to 1.5 mm on average can be present on a hot-formed component.
• the surface of the oxide layer OX, which forms the anti-corrosion coating K, has formed crater-shaped pores P 2 that are open to the environment in a small number and at a large distance from one another.
• a component was formed from a flat steel product which was covered with an AlSi coating according to the pattern of the prior art described in EP 2 086 755. Its coating consisted of (in% by weight) 9.5% Si, 3.5% Fe and the remainder of aluminum and
• the steel substrate of the flat steel product consisted of (in% by weight) 0.224% C, 0.25% Si, 1.16% Mn, 0.014% P, 0.002% S, 0.039% Al, 0.0034% N, 0.2 % Cr, 0.03% Ti and 0.0026% B.
• the flat steel product processed for comparison has undergone an annealing treatment in a continuous furnace with four zones in which the dew point temperatures TP and annealing temperatures GT given in Table 6 have been set.
• the air ratio 1 in the continuous furnace was 0.98.
• a five-layer structure of the anti-corrosion coating has also been established for the conventionally produced component for comparison.
• the area occupied by pores P1 was 300 mm 2 after a residence time in the oven of 600 s with a measuring length of 500 mm in layer D.
• the reduction of the pores in P2 leads to a reduction in the paint craters and improves the adhesion and weldability.
• the pores in P2 have openings in the direction of the atmosphere of a few nm. If a component is now processed further after hot forming, as is typical of an automobile, it also undergoes cathodic dip painting in addition to a large number of cleaning steps. This inevitably leads to contact with water-based solutions. During cleaning, water can penetrate into the pores P2 of the layer, since the surfactants added to the cleaning water improve the wetting and the Significantly reduce the surface tension of the water. In the process of cathodic dip painting, too, water can penetrate into the opened pores P2.
• the cleaning water also leads to a separation of the paint particles which, due to the size of the opening, cannot penetrate into the pores P2. Water, which is then present in the pores P2, reaches the boiling point when the lacquer layers are stoved, which leads to vapor phases with a kind of delayed boiling
• So-called lacquer craters form, which, in addition to an optical
• the pores P2 present in the layer OX also lead to
• the reduction in the number of pores P1 in the diffusion layer D also leads to an increase in the force which can be transmitted in adhesive connections and to an
• the pores in P2 represent voids within the anti-corrosion coating
• Diffusion layer D and the first Si-rich layer S1 breaks up, so that the adhesive seam also fails prematurely.
• the area over which the forces of the adhesive connection are transmitted is increased by more than 60% and the risk of a delamination fracture is correspondingly reduced.
• cold-rolled steel sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm each were produced in a conventional manner from six steels ST1-ST6, the compositions of which are given in Table 1 (step a) of the method according to the invention).
• the steel sheets provided in this way were each subjected to continuous annealing G1, G2 or G3 in nine tests V1-V9 in a continuous furnace which had four consecutive zones A, B, C, D.
• Table 2 shows the dew point temperatures TP A - TP D set in zones A - D for the variants G1 - G3 of the annealing, the annealing temperatures GT A - GT D as well as the hydrogen content H2 and the nitrogen content N2 of the respective annealing atmosphere, the remainder from technically unavoidable impurities existed (step b) of the invention
• Corrosion protection coatings Z1 - Z5 are given in Table 3.
• Step c of the method according to the invention.
• the samples each provided with one of the anti-corrosion coatings Z1-Z5 were each heated in the continuous furnace to a hot-forming temperature Twu in tests V1-V9, at which they were heated to a
• Holding period twu have been maintained (step f) of the method according to the invention).
• the samples heated in this way were removed from the continuous furnace in a transfer time of 3 - 7 s and placed in a conventional hot-forming tool, in which they were hot-formed into a component.
• Table 5 shows the proportion of paint craters in the total area of the respective sample, the decrease in the delamination area and the welding area determined in accordance with the StahlEisen test sheet SEP 1220-2. Welding areas greater than 1 kA have been classified as "OK".

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