WO2020240332A1 - 半導体装置の作製方法 - Google Patents

半導体装置の作製方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020240332A1
WO2020240332A1 PCT/IB2020/054666 IB2020054666W WO2020240332A1 WO 2020240332 A1 WO2020240332 A1 WO 2020240332A1 IB 2020054666 W IB2020054666 W IB 2020054666W WO 2020240332 A1 WO2020240332 A1 WO 2020240332A1
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Prior art keywords
oxide
insulator
film
conductor
transistor
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PCT/IB2020/054666
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山崎舜平
廣瀬貴史
芝崎篤
神保安弘
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2021523127A priority Critical patent/JP7413373B2/ja
Priority to US17/609,629 priority patent/US12543381B2/en
Publication of WO2020240332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020240332A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2023220503A priority patent/JP2024026558A/ja
Priority to JP2025011099A priority patent/JP2025066809A/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H10D86/423—Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates characterised by multiple TFTs having a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer comprising semiconductor materials not belonging to the Group IV, e.g. InGaZnO
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Definitions

  • One aspect of the present invention relates to transistors, semiconductor devices, and electronic devices. Further, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. Further, one aspect of the present invention relates to a semiconductor wafer and a module. Further, one aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor apparatus.
  • the semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing the semiconductor characteristics.
  • a semiconductor element such as a transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic unit, and a storage device are one aspect of a semiconductor device. It may be said that a display device (liquid crystal display device, light emission display device, etc.), projection device, lighting device, electro-optical device, power storage device, storage device, semiconductor circuit, image pickup device, electronic device, and the like have a semiconductor device.
  • One aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields.
  • One aspect of the invention disclosed in the present specification and the like relates to a product, a method, or a manufacturing method. Also, one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition (composition of matter).
  • transistors are widely applied to electronic devices such as integrated circuits (ICs) and image display devices (also simply referred to as display devices).
  • ICs integrated circuits
  • image display devices also simply referred to as display devices.
  • Silicon-based semiconductor materials are widely known as semiconductor thin films applicable to transistors, but oxide semiconductors are attracting attention as other materials.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 In oxide semiconductors, CAAC (c-axis aligned crystalline) structures and nc (nanocrystalline) structures that are neither single crystal nor amorphous have been found (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).
  • Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 disclose a technique for manufacturing a transistor using an oxide semiconductor having a CAAC structure.
  • One of the methods for achieving high integration of semiconductor devices is to stack semiconductor devices.
  • it is necessary to increase the productivity of the semiconductor devices.
  • it is important to reduce the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device, shorten the time spent in each process, shorten the flow line of the substrate in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device, and perform parallel processing of the processes.
  • One aspect of the present invention includes a first step of forming a first insulator, a second insulator, and a third insulator in this order, and a fourth insulator, a fifth insulator, and a first insulator.
  • the first step is performed using the first multichamber device.
  • the second step is performed using the second multi-chamber device.
  • the fifth step is performed using the third multichamber device.
  • the ninth step is performed using the fourth multichamber device.
  • one aspect of the present invention includes a first step of forming a first insulator, a second insulator, and a third insulator in this order, and a fourth insulator, a fifth insulator, and a third insulator.
  • the first step is performed using the first multichamber device.
  • the second step is performed using the second multi-chamber device.
  • the fifth step is performed using the third multichamber device.
  • the eleventh step is performed using the fourth multi-chamber
  • each of the fourth insulator, the fifth insulator, the first oxide film, the second oxide film, and the third oxide film can be formed by a sputtering method. preferable.
  • each of the first insulator, the second insulator, and the third insulator is formed by a sputtering method.
  • each of the sixth insulator and the insulating film is formed by a sputtering method.
  • a second oxide film using an In-M-Zn oxide target (M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, or tin).
  • the first multi-chamber device, the third multi-chamber device, and the fourth multi-chamber device are the same devices, respectively.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a highly productive semiconductor device. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having little variation in transistor characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good reliability and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having a large on-current and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • a semiconductor device capable of miniaturization or high integration, and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device having low power consumption and a method for manufacturing the same can be provided.
  • FIG. 1A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
  • 1B to 1D are cross-sectional views of a semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating classification of the crystal structure of IGZO.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an XRD spectrum of a CAAC-IGZO film.
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the microelectron diffraction pattern of the CAAC-IGZO film.
  • FIG. 4A is a top view of the semiconductor device. 4B to 4D are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 5A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5B to 5D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 6B to 6D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 7B to 7D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8B to 8D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 9B to 9D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 10B to 10D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11B to 11D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 12B to 12D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 13B to 13D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14B to 14D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 15B to 15D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 16B to 16D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17B to 17D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 18B to 18D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 19B to 19D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20B to 20D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21A is a top view showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • 21B to 21D are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
  • 22B to 22D are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
  • 23A and 23B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 24 is a top view illustrating an apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the storage device.
  • FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the storage device.
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 29A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 29B is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 31A is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the storage device.
  • FIG. 31B is a schematic view showing a configuration example of the storage device.
  • 32A to 32H are circuit diagrams showing a configuration example of the storage device.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram showing various storage devices for each layer.
  • FIG. 34A is a block diagram of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 34B is a schematic view of the semiconductor device.
  • 35A and 35B are diagrams illustrating an example of an electronic component.
  • 36A to 36E are schematic views of a storage device.
  • 37A to 37H are diagrams showing electronic devices.
  • the size, layer thickness, or area may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to that scale.
  • the drawings schematically show ideal examples, and are not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings. For example, in an actual manufacturing process, layers, resist masks, and the like may be unintentionally reduced due to processing such as etching, but they may not be reflected in the figure for the sake of easy understanding. Further, in the drawings, the same reference numerals may be used in common between different drawings for the same parts or parts having similar functions, and the repeated description thereof may be omitted. Further, when referring to the same function, the hatch pattern may be the same and no particular sign may be added.
  • a top view also referred to as a "plan view”
  • a perspective view the description of some components may be omitted.
  • some hidden lines may be omitted.
  • the ordinal numbers attached as the first, second, etc. are used for convenience, and do not indicate the process order or the stacking order. Therefore, for example, the "first” can be appropriately replaced with the “second” or “third” for explanation.
  • the ordinal numbers described in the present specification and the like may not match the ordinal numbers used to specify one aspect of the present invention.
  • X and Y are connected, the case where X and Y are electrically connected and the case where X and Y function. It is assumed that the case where X and Y are directly connected and the case where X and Y are directly connected are disclosed in the present specification and the like. Therefore, it is not limited to the predetermined connection relationship, for example, the connection relationship shown in the figure or text, and other than the connection relationship shown in the figure or text, it is assumed that the connection relationship is disclosed in the figure or text.
  • X and Y are assumed to be objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
  • a transistor is an element having at least three terminals including a gate, a drain, and a source. It also has a region (hereinafter, also referred to as a channel forming region) in which a channel is formed between the drain (drain terminal, drain region or drain electrode) and the source (source terminal, source region or source electrode). A current can flow between the source and the drain through the channel formation region.
  • the channel forming region means a region in which a current mainly flows.
  • source and drain functions may be interchanged when transistors with different polarities are used or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation. Therefore, in the present specification and the like, the terms source and drain may be used interchangeably.
  • the channel length is, for example, the source in the top view of the transistor, the region where the semiconductor (or the portion where the current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and the gate electrode overlap each other, or the channel formation region.
  • the channel length does not always take the same value in all regions. That is, the channel length of one transistor may not be fixed to one value. Therefore, in the present specification, the channel length is set to any one value, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in the channel formation region.
  • the channel width is, for example, the channel length direction in the region where the semiconductor (or the portion where the current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and the gate electrode overlap each other in the top view of the transistor, or in the channel formation region. Refers to the length of the channel formation region in the vertical direction with reference to. In one transistor, the channel width does not always take the same value in all regions. That is, the channel width of one transistor may not be fixed to one value. Therefore, in the present specification, the channel width is set to any one value, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in the channel formation region.
  • the channel width in the region where the channel is actually formed (hereinafter, also referred to as “effective channel width”) and the channel width shown in the top view of the transistor. (Hereinafter, also referred to as “apparent channel width”) and may be different.
  • the effective channel width may be larger than the apparent channel width, and the influence thereof may not be negligible.
  • the proportion of the channel forming region formed on the side surface of the semiconductor may be large. In that case, the effective channel width is larger than the apparent channel width.
  • channel width may refer to the apparent channel width.
  • channel width may refer to an effective channel width.
  • the channel length, channel width, effective channel width, apparent channel width, and the like can be determined by analyzing a cross-sectional TEM image or the like.
  • the semiconductor impurities are, for example, other than the main components constituting the semiconductor.
  • an element having a concentration of less than 0.1 atomic% can be said to be an impurity. Due to the inclusion of impurities, for example, the defect level density of the semiconductor may increase or the crystallinity may decrease.
  • the impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, Group 1 elements, Group 2 elements, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, and oxide semiconductors.
  • transition metals other than the main component such as hydrogen, lithium, sodium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen. Water may also function as an impurity. Further, for example, by mixing of impurities, it may (may be referred to as V O.) Oxygen vacancies in the oxide semiconductor is formed.
  • silicon oxide nitriding has a higher oxygen content than nitrogen as its composition. Further, silicon nitride has a higher nitrogen content than oxygen in its composition.
  • the term “insulator” can be paraphrased as an insulating film or an insulating layer.
  • the term “conductor” can be rephrased as a conductive film or a conductive layer.
  • semiconductor can be paraphrased as a semiconductor film or a semiconductor layer.
  • parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10 degrees or more and 10 degrees or less. Therefore, the case of -5 degrees or more and 5 degrees or less is also included.
  • approximately parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -30 degrees or more and 30 degrees or less.
  • vertical means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80 degrees or more and 100 degrees or less. Therefore, the case of 85 degrees or more and 95 degrees or less is also included.
  • approximately vertical means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees or more and 120 degrees or less.
  • a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad sense. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as Oxide Semiconductor or simply OS) and the like. For example, when a metal oxide is used in the semiconductor layer of a transistor, the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, when it is described as an OS transistor, it can be rephrased as a transistor having a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
  • normally off means that when a potential is not applied to the gate or a ground potential is applied to the gate, the drain current per 1 ⁇ m of the channel width flowing through the transistor is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ at room temperature. It means that it is 20 A or less, 1 ⁇ 10 -18 A or less at 85 ° C, or 1 ⁇ 10 -16 A or less at 125 ° C.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1D are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device having a transistor 200.
  • FIG. 1A is a top view of the semiconductor device.
  • 1B to 1D are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line of A1-A2 in FIG. 1A, and is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 200 in the channel length direction.
  • FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view of the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
  • FIG. 1A is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 200 in the channel width direction.
  • FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view of the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 1A In the top view of FIG. 1A, some elements are omitted for the purpose of clarifying the figure.
  • the semiconductor device includes an insulator 212 on a substrate (not shown), an insulator 214 on the insulator 212, an insulator 216 on the insulator 214, an insulator 214, and an insulator. It has a transistor 200 on the 216, an insulator 254 on the transistor 200, an insulator 280 on the insulator 254, an insulator 282 on the insulator 280, and an insulator 283 on the insulator 282.
  • the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 216, the insulator 254, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283 function as an interlayer film.
  • the insulator 241a is provided in contact with the side surface of the conductor 240a that functions as a plug, and the insulator 241b is provided in contact with the side surface of the conductor 240b that functions as a plug.
  • a conductor 246a which is electrically connected to the conductor 240a and functions as a wiring is provided, and is electrically connected to the conductor 240b.
  • a conductor 246b that functions as wiring is provided.
  • an insulator 286 is provided on the conductor 246a, the conductor 246b, and the insulator 283.
  • the insulator 241a is provided in contact with the side wall of the opening of the insulator 254, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283, and the first conductor of the conductor 240a is provided in contact with the side surface of the insulator 241a. Further, a second conductor of the conductor 240a is provided inside. Further, the insulator 241b is provided in contact with the side wall of the opening of the insulator 254, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283, and the first conductor of the conductor 240b is in contact with the side surface of the insulator 241b. A second conductor of the conductor 240b is provided inside.
  • the height of the upper surface of the conductor 240a and the height of the upper surface of the insulator 283 in the region overlapping the conductor 246a can be made about the same. Further, the height of the upper surface of the conductor 240b and the height of the upper surface of the insulator 283 in the region overlapping the conductor 246b can be made about the same.
  • a configuration in which the first conductor and the second conductor of the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b are laminated is shown, but this embodiment shows this. It is not limited to.
  • the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure of three or more layers. When the structure has a laminated structure, an ordinal number may be given in the order of formation to distinguish them.
  • the conductor 200 is placed on the conductor 205 (conductor 205a and conductor 205b) arranged so as to be embedded in the insulator 214 and / or the insulator 216, and on the insulator 216.
  • oxide 243a, oxide 243b, and oxide 230c conductor 242a on oxide 243a, conductor 242b on oxide 243b, oxide 230d on oxide 230c, and insulator 250 on oxide 230d.
  • a conductor 260 (conductor 260a and conductor 260b) located on the insulator 250 and overlapping a part of the oxide 230c.
  • the oxide 230c is in contact with the side surface of the oxide 243a, the side surface of the oxide 243b, the side surface of the conductor 242a, and the side surface of the conductor 242b.
  • the insulator 282 is in contact with the upper surfaces of the conductor 260, the insulator 250, the oxide 230d, the oxide 230c, and the insulator 280, respectively.
  • the insulator 280 and the insulator 254 are provided with an opening reaching the oxide 230b.
  • Oxide 230c, oxide 230d, insulator 250, and conductor 260 are arranged in the opening. Further, in the channel length direction of the transistor 200, the conductor 260, the insulator 250, the oxide 230d, and the oxide 230c are placed between the conductor 242a and the oxide 243a and the conductor 242b and the oxide 243b. It is provided.
  • the insulator 250 has a region in contact with the side surface of the conductor 260 and a region in contact with the bottom surface of the conductor 260.
  • the oxide 230c has a region in contact with the oxide 230b, a region overlapping the side surface of the conductor 260 via the oxide 230d and the insulator 250, and the conductor 260 via the oxide 230d and the insulator 250. It has an area that overlaps with the bottom surface of the.
  • the oxide 230 is arranged on the oxide 230a arranged on the insulator 224, the oxide 230b arranged on the oxide 230a, and the oxide 230b, and at least a part of the oxide 230 is formed on the oxide 230b. It is preferable to have an oxide 230c in contact with the oxide 230c and an oxide 230d arranged on the oxide 230c.
  • the transistor 200 shows a configuration in which the oxide 230 is laminated with four layers of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, and the oxide 230d, but the present embodiment is limited to this. is not.
  • a three-layer structure of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230d, or a laminated structure of five or more layers may be provided, or the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, and the oxide 230d may be provided. Each may have a laminated structure.
  • the conductor 260 functions as a first gate (also referred to as a top gate) electrode, and the conductor 205 functions as a second gate (also referred to as a back gate) electrode.
  • the insulator 250, the insulator 224, and the insulator 222 function as a gate insulator.
  • the conductor 242a functions as one of the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the conductor 242b functions as the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode.
  • the oxide 230 functions as a channel forming region.
  • the transistor 200 uses an oxide 230 (oxide 230a, oxide 230b, oxide 230c, and oxide 230d) containing a channel forming region as a metal oxide (hereinafter, also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) that functions as a semiconductor. It is preferable to use it.
  • oxide 230 oxide 230a, oxide 230b, oxide 230c, and oxide 230d
  • a metal oxide hereinafter, also referred to as an oxide semiconductor
  • the metal oxide that functions as a semiconductor preferably has a band gap of 2 eV or more, and more preferably 2.5 eV or more. As described above, by using a metal oxide having a large bandgap, the off-current of the transistor can be reduced.
  • a transistor using an oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region has an extremely small leakage current (off current) in a non-conducting state, so that a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided. Further, since the oxide semiconductor can be formed into a film by using a sputtering method or the like, it can be used for a transistor constituting a highly integrated semiconductor device.
  • oxide 230 for example, an In-M-Zn oxide having indium, element M and zinc (element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium). , Zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, cobalt, etc. (one or more) and other metal oxides may be used. Further, the oxide 230 may be an In-Ga oxide, an In-Zn oxide, or indium oxide.
  • impurities and oxygen deficiency are present in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor, the transistor using the oxide semiconductor is liable to fluctuate in electrical characteristics and may have poor reliability.
  • impurities in the oxide semiconductor include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
  • the hydrogen contained in the oxide semiconductor is reacted with oxygen bonded to a metal atom, it may form a H 2 O, and oxygen deficiency.
  • the hydrogen of oxygen vacancies near defects containing the hydrogen to the oxygen deficiency (hereinafter, may be referred to as V O H.) To form, which may produce electrons as carriers.
  • a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen that is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron as a carrier. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen tends to have a normal-on characteristic (a characteristic in which a channel exists even if a voltage is not applied to the gate electrode and a current flows through the transistor).
  • Defects containing hydrogen to an oxygen vacancy can function as a donor of the metal oxide.
  • the carrier concentration may be evaluated instead of the donor concentration. Therefore, in the present specification and the like, as a parameter of the metal oxide, a carrier concentration assuming a state in which an electric field is not applied may be used instead of the donor concentration. That is, the "carrier concentration” described in the present specification and the like may be paraphrased as the "donor concentration”. In addition, the "carrier concentration” described in the present specification and the like can be rephrased as "carrier density”.
  • the hydrogen concentration obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10. It should be less than 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 , and even more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 . Further, it is preferable that the channel forming region in the oxide semiconductor has a reduced carrier concentration and is i-shaped (intrinsicized) or substantially i-shaped.
  • the substrate on which the film is formed is transported from the device on which the film is formed to another device, the substrate may be exposed to the atmospheric environment. At this time, impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment may adhere to the film. In such a case, it is highly probable that impurities or water adhering to the film will be mixed into the oxide semiconductor in a subsequent process and the hydrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor will increase. Further, before forming a different film on the film, the number of steps for reducing or removing impurities or water adhering to the film, such as heat treatment, increases, and the productivity of the semiconductor device decreases. There is a risk.
  • the films are continuously formed, and the films are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. It is more preferable to form a film.
  • the oxide semiconductor contained in the transistor and the laminated structure provided in the vicinity thereof are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. In this specification, even when the film is continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment, it may be simply referred to as continuous film formation.
  • the first film and the second film on the first film are continuously formed, the first film and the second film are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. Therefore, it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering to the first membrane. Therefore, it is possible to prevent impurities or water from being mixed into the oxide 230 which is the channel forming region, and it is possible to obtain a transistor having good electrical characteristics. Further, it is possible to reduce the steps for reducing or removing impurities or water adhering to the film such as heat treatment, or to shorten the time spent in the steps, and it is possible to increase the productivity of the semiconductor device. .. Further, by continuously forming a film, the vicinity of the interface between the first film and the second film can be kept clean. Therefore, it is possible to suppress defective characteristics of the transistor. In addition, continuous film formation can simplify the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device and increase the productivity of the semiconductor device.
  • the continuous film formation is not limited to the laminated structure of two layers, and may be applied to the laminated structure of three or more layers. Further, for continuous film formation, for example, a multi-chamber type device may be used. The multi-chamber type device is preferable because different processing can be performed in parallel in each of the plurality of processing chambers of the device. A description of an apparatus capable of continuously forming a film will be described later.
  • the oxide film to be the oxide 230 including the channel forming region is formed by a sputtering method.
  • the sputtering method is preferable because it can form a film having a low hydrogen concentration.
  • a transistor having a low hydrogen concentration in the channel forming region can be produced. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the normalization of the transistor.
  • the hydrogen concentration in the structure constituting the transistor other than the oxide 230 including the channel forming region is as low as possible.
  • the hydrogen concentration in the structure provided around the transistor is as low as possible. By lowering the hydrogen concentration in the structure provided around the transistor, it is possible to suppress the mixing of hydrogen into the transistor. Therefore, a transistor having a low hydrogen concentration can be produced.
  • a part of the structure provided around the transistor may be formed by a sputtering method.
  • the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are preferably continuously formed, and more preferably continuously formed by a sputtering method.
  • a sputtering method By continuously forming a film, it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering to the insulator 212 and the insulator 214, and the interface between the insulator 212 and the insulator 214 and the vicinity of the interface, and , The interface between the insulator 214 and the insulator 216 and the vicinity of the interface can be kept clean. Further, by using the sputtering method, a film having a low hydrogen concentration can be formed.
  • the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film to be the oxide 230a, the oxide film to be the oxide 230b, and the oxide film to be the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b are preferably continuously formed by sputtering. It is preferable to form a continuous film by the method. By continuously forming a film, it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering on the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film which becomes the oxide 230a, and the oxide film which becomes the oxide 230b.
  • the interface and the vicinity of the interface with the oxide film, and the interface and the vicinity of the interface between the oxide film to be the oxide 230b and the oxide film to be the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b can be kept clean. Further, by using the sputtering method, a film having a low hydrogen concentration can be formed.
  • the insulator 224 and the oxide film to be the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b are in contact with the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b, respectively, the insulator 224 and the oxidation to be the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b are formed. It is preferable that the membrane has a reduced hydrogen concentration.
  • the conductive film to be the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b may be continuously formed after the oxide film to be the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b is formed.
  • continuously forming a film it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering to the oxide film, and it is possible to keep the interface between the oxide film and the conductive film and the vicinity of the interface clean. .. Further, by using the sputtering method, a film having a low hydrogen concentration can be formed.
  • the insulating film to be the insulator 254 and the insulator 280 is continuously formed.
  • the insulator 254 is in contact with the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b, it is preferable that the hydrogen concentration is reduced in this way.
  • the insulator 282 and the insulator 283 are continuously formed.
  • impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment can be prevented from adhering to the insulator 282, and the interface between the insulator 282 and the insulator 283 and the vicinity of the interface can be kept clean. ..
  • a film having a low hydrogen concentration can be formed.
  • a conductive film serving as a conductor 205 (conductor 205a and a conductor 205b), an insulating film serving as an insulator 250, a conductive film serving as a conductor 242a and a conductor 242b, a conductor 260 (conductor 260a, and a conductor).
  • the conductive film or the like to be the body 260b) may also be formed by using a sputtering method.
  • the transistor 200 has a region where the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 .
  • the region is included in the insulator 224, the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, and the like. That is, at least one of the insulator 224, the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230c has a hydrogen concentration of less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm obtained by SIMS. It has an area that is less than cm 3 .
  • the region is not limited to the inside of the transistor 200, and may be included in the structure provided around the transistor 200. As the structure, for example, there is an insulator 280.
  • the oxide 230 preferably has a laminated structure of a plurality of oxide layers having different chemical compositions. Further, the oxide 230 preferably has a laminated structure of a plurality of oxide layers having a common element (main component) other than oxygen.
  • the ratio of the number of elements M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230a or 230d is the number of atoms of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b or 230c. It is preferably larger than the ratio.
  • the larger the atomic number ratio of the element M to In the easier it is to suppress the diffusion of impurities or oxygen. Therefore, by having the oxide 230a under the oxide 230b, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities into the oxide 230b from the structure formed below the oxide 230a. Further, by having the oxide 230d on the oxide 230c, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities into the oxide 230c from the structure formed above the oxide 230d.
  • the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b or 230c is the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230a or the oxide 230d. It is preferably larger.
  • the main path of the carrier is the interface between the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c or its vicinity, for example, the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c.
  • the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c have a common element (main component) other than oxygen, the defect level density at the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c can be lowered. Therefore, the influence of interfacial scattering on carrier conduction is small, and a high on-current can be obtained.
  • the ratio of the number of atoms of indium to the main component metal element in the oxide 230c is the number of atoms of indium to the main component metal element in the oxide 230b. It is preferably larger than the ratio.
  • the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 230c must be separated from the vacuum level from the lower ends of the conduction bands of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230d.
  • the electron affinity of the oxide 230c is preferably greater than the electron affinity of the oxides 230a, 230b, and 230d.
  • the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c have crystalline properties, respectively.
  • CAAC-OS c-axis aligned crystalline semiconductor semiconductor
  • the oxide 230d may have a crystalline structure.
  • CAAC-OS has the property of easily moving oxygen in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis of the CAAC structure. Therefore, the oxygen contained in the oxide 230c can be efficiently supplied to the oxide 230b.
  • CAAC-OS is a metal oxide that has a highly crystalline and dense structure and has few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.).
  • the CAAC-OS is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature at which the metal oxide does not undergo polycrystallization (for example, 400 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower), whereby CAAC-OS has a more crystalline and dense structure. Can be.
  • a temperature at which the metal oxide does not undergo polycrystallization for example, 400 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower
  • the oxide 230 has a region 234 that functions as a channel forming region of the transistor 200 and a region 236a and a region 236b that are provided so as to sandwich the region 234 and function as a source region or a drain region. Have. At least part of the region 234 overlaps with the conductor 260.
  • a conductor 242a and a conductor 242b are provided on the oxide 230b, and a lower resistance region is formed in the vicinity of the conductor 242a in the region 236a and in the vicinity of the conductor 242b in the region 236b.
  • the regions 236a and 236b that function as the source region or the drain region are regions in which the carrier concentration is increased due to low oxygen concentration, impurities such as hydrogen, nitrogen, metal elements, etc., and the resistance is lowered. That is, the regions 236a and 236b are regions having a high carrier concentration and low resistance as compared with the region 234. Further, the region 234 functioning as a channel forming region is a region having a low carrier concentration and a high resistance due to a higher oxygen concentration, a lower impurity concentration, and the like than the regions 236a and 236b.
  • the oxygen concentration is equal to or higher than the oxygen concentration of the region 236a (region 236b) and equal to or lower than the oxygen concentration of the region 234.
  • Regions may be formed.
  • the width of the region 234 in the channel length direction coincides with the width of the conductor 260, but the present embodiment is not limited to this.
  • the width of the region 234 may be narrower than the width of the conductor 260, or the width of the region 234 may be wider than the width of the conductor 260.
  • the concentration of impurities such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and metal elements detected in each region is not limited to a gradual change in each region, and may be continuously changed in each region. That is, it suffices that the concentration of impurities such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and metal elements decreases as the region is closer to the channel formation region.
  • an insulator containing oxygen desorbed by heating (hereinafter, may be referred to as excess oxygen) is provided in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor and heat treatment is performed.
  • the structure may be such that oxygen can be supplied from the insulator to the oxide semiconductor.
  • the oxygen deficiency contained in the channel forming region in the oxide semiconductor can be repaired by the supplied oxygen.
  • by reacting with hydrogen supplied oxygen remained in the oxide semiconductor removing the hydrogen as H 2 O (to dehydration) can.
  • H 2 O to dehydration
  • the carrier concentration in the source region or the drain region may decrease, which may cause a decrease in the on-current of the transistor 200, a decrease in the field effect mobility, and the like. is there. Further, the oxygen supplied to the source region or the drain region varies in the surface of the substrate, which causes variations in the characteristics of the semiconductor device having the transistor.
  • the region 234 that functions as a channel forming region preferably has a reduced carrier concentration and is i-shaped or substantially i-shaped, but functions as a source region or a drain region.
  • the regions 236a and 236b preferably have a high carrier concentration and are n-shaped. That is, it is preferable to supply oxygen to the region 234 of the oxide semiconductor so that an excessive amount of oxygen is not supplied to the regions 236a and 236b.
  • oxygen can be injected into the insulator 224 by forming a film of the insulator 254 using a sputtering method. Then, the oxygen injected into the insulator 224 is supplied to the oxide 230b via the oxide 230c. As a result, oxygen can be selectively supplied to the oxide 230c that occupies most of the region 234 and the region of the oxide 230b that is in contact with the oxide 230c.
  • CAAC-OS having the above-mentioned dense structure as the oxide 230b, it is possible to reduce the diffusion of impurities and oxygen in the oxide 230b. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the diffusion of oxygen supplied to the region 234 of the oxide 230b into the regions 236a and 236b of the oxide 230b.
  • oxygen is selectively supplied to the region 234 that functions as the channel formation region to form the region 234 i-type or substantially i-type, and the region functions as the source region or the drain region.
  • Oxygen diffusing into the regions 236a and 236b can be suppressed and the n-type of the regions 236a and 236b can be maintained.
  • fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 200 can be suppressed, and fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 200 can be suppressed within the substrate surface.
  • Vsh shift voltage measured in a + GBT (Gate Bias Temperature) stress test of the transistor.
  • Id drain current
  • Vg gate voltage
  • ⁇ Vsh may shift in the negative direction with the passage of time. Further, ⁇ Vsh may show a behavior that fluctuates in both the negative direction and the positive direction instead of fluctuating in the ⁇ direction (for example, the negative direction). In addition, in this specification and the like, the said behavior may be referred to as a jagged behavior of ⁇ Vsh in the + GBT stress test.
  • ⁇ Vsh By using a metal oxide containing no element M as a main component or a metal oxide having a small ratio of element M as the oxide 230c, for example, ⁇ Vsh can be reduced, the jagged behavior of ⁇ Vsh can be suppressed, and the reliability of the transistor can be suppressed. It is possible to improve the sex.
  • the oxide 230d preferably contains at least one of the metal elements constituting the metal oxide used in the oxide 230c, and more preferably contains all the metal elements.
  • the oxide 230c In-M-Zn oxide, In-Zn oxide, or indium oxide is used as the oxide 230c, and In-M-Zn oxide, M-Zn oxide, or element M is used as the oxide 230d.
  • Oxides may be used. As a result, the defect level density at the interface between the oxide 230c and the oxide 230d can be lowered.
  • the oxide 230d is more preferably a metal oxide that suppresses the diffusion or permeation of oxygen than the oxide 230c.
  • the oxide 230d is more preferably a metal oxide that suppresses the diffusion or permeation of oxygen than the oxide 230c.
  • the atomic number ratio of In to the metal element as the main component is smaller than the atomic number ratio of In to the metal element as the main component in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230c.
  • the insulator 250 functions as a gate insulator, if In is mixed in the insulator 250 or the like, the characteristics of the transistor become poor. Therefore, by providing the oxide 230d between the oxide 230c and the insulator 250, it is possible to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device.
  • the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
  • the lower end of the conduction band at the junction of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, and the oxide 230d is continuously changed or continuously bonded.
  • the defect quasi of the mixed layer formed at the interface between the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b, the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c, and the interface between the oxide 230c and the oxide 230d It is advisable to lower the position density.
  • oxide 230a and oxide 230b, oxide 230b and oxide 230c, and oxide 230c and oxide 230d have a common element other than oxygen as a main component, so that a mixed layer having a low defect level density can be obtained.
  • the oxide 230b is an In-M-Zn oxide
  • the oxides 230a, 230c, and 230d are In-M-Zn oxide, M-Zn oxide, and element M oxide. In-Zn oxide, indium oxide and the like may be used.
  • a metal oxide having a composition in the vicinity thereof may be used.
  • a metal oxide having a composition may be used.
  • the composition in the vicinity includes a range of ⁇ 30% of the desired atomic number ratio.
  • the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, and the oxide 230d As described above, the interface between the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b, the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c, and the oxide The defect level density at the interface between the 230c and the oxide 230d can be lowered. Therefore, the influence of interfacial scattering on carrier conduction is reduced, and the transistor 200 can obtain a large on-current and high frequency characteristics.
  • the oxide 230c is arranged so as to cover the inner wall (side wall and bottom surface) of the groove.
  • the depth of the groove portion of the oxide 230b is substantially the same as the film thickness of the oxide 230c.
  • the upper surface of the oxide 230c in the region overlapping the oxide 230b is arranged so as to be substantially aligned with the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 243a or the oxide 243b.
  • the difference between the height of the interface between oxide 230b and oxide 243a or oxide 243b and the height of the interface between oxide 230c and oxide 230d is the difference between oxide 230c. It is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the oxide 230c, and more preferably less than half the thickness of the oxide 230c.
  • the transistor to reduce the influence of defects and impurities, such as V O H, it is possible to form a channel in the oxide 230c. As a result, good electrical characteristics can be imparted to the transistor. Further, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having less variation in transistor characteristics and good reliability.
  • impurities at the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c and in the vicinity thereof are reduced or removed.
  • impurities such as aluminum and silicon are preferably reduced or removed because they hinder the improvement of the crystallinity or c-axis orientation of the oxide 230c and the oxide 230b.
  • the concentration of aluminum atoms at the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c and its vicinity is preferably 2.0 atomic% or less, more preferably 1.5 atomic% or less, and further preferably 1.0 atomic% or less. preferable.
  • non-CAAC region V O H in the non CAAC region is heavily formed, there is a high probability that the transistor is likely to normally on of. From the above, it is preferable that the non-CAAC region is reduced or removed.
  • the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c having a CAAC structure since a dense crystal structure is formed, V O H is less likely to exist stably. Further, the oxygen supplying treatment to be described later, by supplying an excess of oxygen in the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c, it is possible to reduce the V O H, and V O in the oxide 230b and oxides 230c. As described above, when the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c have a CAAC structure, normalization of the transistor can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a configuration in which the side surface of the opening into which the conductor 260 or the like is embedded is substantially perpendicular to the surface to be formed of the oxide 230b, including the groove portion of the oxide 230b, the present embodiment is shown. Is not limited to this.
  • the bottom of the opening may have a U-shape having a gently curved surface.
  • the oxide composed of the non-CAAC region is not limited to the case where it is formed so as to be surrounded by the oxide 230b, the oxide 243a, the oxide 230c, and the oxide 230d, and is sandwiched between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c. It may be formed as follows.
  • a curved surface may be provided between the side surface of the oxide 230b and the upper surface of the oxide 230b in a cross-sectional view of the transistor 200 in the channel width direction. That is, the end of the side surface and the end of the upper surface may be curved (hereinafter, also referred to as a round shape).
  • the radius of curvature on the curved surface is larger than 0 nm and smaller than the film thickness of the oxide 230b in the region overlapping the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b, or the region on the upper surface of the oxide 230b that does not have the curved surface. It is preferably smaller than half the length of. Specifically, the radius of curvature on the curved surface is larger than 0 nm and 20 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 15 nm or less, and more preferably 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less. With such a shape, the coverage of the insulator 250 and the conductor 260, which will be formed in a later step, on the groove can be improved.
  • the oxide 230c may be provided for each transistor 200. That is, the oxide 230c of the transistor 200 and the oxide 230c of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200 do not have to be in contact with each other. Further, the oxide 230c of the transistor 200 and the oxide 230c of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200 may be separated from each other. In other words, the oxide 230c may not be arranged between the transistor 200 and the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200.
  • the oxide 230c is independently provided on the transistors 200 by the above configuration. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a parasitic transistor between the transistor 200 and the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200, and to suppress the occurrence of a leak path along the conductor 260. Therefore, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics and capable of miniaturization or high integration.
  • L 1 is made larger than 0 nm.
  • the value of the ratio of L 1 (L 1 / L 2) for L 2 is preferably greater than 0 less than 1, more preferably 0.1 to 0.9, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8 Is.
  • L 2 may be the distance between the side ends of the oxide 230b of the transistor 200 facing each other and the side ends of the oxide 230b of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200.
  • oxides 230c is a transistor 200, the positional deviation of the arrangement that are not regions between the transistors 200 adjacent to the transistor 200 Even if it occurs, the oxide 230c of the transistor 200 and the oxide 230c of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200 can be separated from each other.
  • the transistor 200 by increasing the ratio of L 1 to the above L 2 (L 1 / L 2 ), the transistor 200, even by narrowing the interval between the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200, the width of the minimum feature size It can be secured, and the semiconductor device can be further miniaturized or highly integrated.
  • each of the conductor 260 and the insulator 250 may be commonly used between adjacent transistors 200. That is, the conductor 260 of the transistor 200 has a region continuously provided with the conductor 260 of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200. Further, the insulator 250 of the transistor 200 has a region continuously provided with the insulator 250 of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200.
  • the oxide 230d has a region in contact with the insulator 224 between the transistor 200 and the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200.
  • the oxide 230d of the transistor 200 may be configured to be separated from the oxide 230d of the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200.
  • the insulator 250 has a region in contact with the insulator 224 between the transistor 200 and the transistor 200 adjacent to the transistor 200.
  • an insulating material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as copper atoms it is preferable to use an insulating material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.) (the oxygen is difficult to permeate).
  • the barrier insulating film refers to an insulating film having a barrier property.
  • the barrier property is defined as a function of suppressing the diffusion of the corresponding substance (also referred to as low permeability).
  • the corresponding substance has a function of capturing and fixing (also called gettering).
  • the insulator 212 and the insulator 283, and aluminum oxide or the like as the insulator 214, the insulator 254, and the insulator 282.
  • impurities such as water and hydrogen
  • oxygen contained in the insulator 224 and the like from diffusing toward the substrate side via the insulator 212 and the insulator 214.
  • the transistor 200 is surrounded by an insulator 212, an insulator 214, an insulator 254, an insulator 282, and an insulator 283 having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen, and oxygen. Is preferable.
  • the resistivity of the insulator 212, the insulator 283, and the insulator 286 may be preferable to reduce the resistivity of the insulator 212, the insulator 283, and the insulator 286.
  • the insulator 212, the insulator 283, and the insulator 286 can alleviate the charge-up of the conductor 205, the conductor 242a, the conductor 242b, the conductor 260, the conductor 246a, or the conductor 246b.
  • the resistivity of the insulator 212, the insulator 283, and the insulator 286 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm or more and 1 ⁇ 10 15 ⁇ cm or less.
  • the insulator 216 and the insulator 280 have a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 214.
  • a material having a low dielectric constant as an interlayer film, it is possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings.
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, empty. Silicon oxide having pores or the like may be appropriately used.
  • silicon oxide and silicon oxide nitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
  • materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, and silicon oxide having pores are preferable because a region containing oxygen desorbed by heating can be easily formed.
  • the conductor 205 may function as a second gate electrode.
  • the threshold voltage (Vth) of the transistor 200 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 205 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 260 without interlocking with it.
  • Vth threshold voltage
  • the conductor 205 is arranged so as to overlap the oxide 230 and the conductor 260.
  • the conductor 205 may be provided larger than the size of the region that does not overlap with the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b of the oxide 230.
  • the conductor 205 is also stretched in a region outside the end portion of the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b intersecting the channel width direction. That is, it is preferable that the conductor 205 and the conductor 260 are superimposed via an insulator on the outside of the side surface of the oxide 230 in the channel width direction.
  • the channel forming region of the oxide 230 is electrically surrounded by the electric field of the conductor 260 that functions as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 205 that functions as the second gate electrode. Can be done.
  • the structure of the transistor that electrically surrounds the channel forming region by the electric fields of the first gate and the second gate is referred to as a surroundd channel (S-channel) structure.
  • the transistor having the S-channel structure represents the structure of the transistor that electrically surrounds the channel formation region by the electric fields of one and the other of the pair of gate electrodes.
  • the S-channel structure disclosed in the present specification and the like is different from the Fin type structure and the planar type structure.
  • the conductor 205 is stretched to function as wiring.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and a conductor that functions as wiring may be provided under the conductor 205. Further, it is not always necessary to provide one conductor 205 for each transistor. For example, the conductor 205 may be shared by a plurality of transistors.
  • the conductor 205a is a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, etc. NO 2), the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as copper atoms It is preferable to use a conductive material having. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.).
  • the conductor 205a By using a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for the conductor 205a, it is possible to prevent the conductor 205b from being oxidized and the conductivity from being lowered.
  • the conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used. Therefore, the conductor 205a may be a single layer or a laminated material of the conductive material.
  • the conductor 205a may be a laminate of tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, or ruthenium oxide and titanium or titanium nitride.
  • the conductor 205b it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
  • a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
  • the conductor 205b is shown as a single layer, it may have a laminated structure, for example, titanium or titanium nitride may be laminated with the conductive material.
  • the conductor 205 shows a configuration in which the conductor 205a and the conductor 205b are laminated, but the present embodiment is not limited to this.
  • the conductor 205 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure having three or more layers. When the structure has a laminated structure, an ordinal number may be given in the order of formation to distinguish them.
  • the insulator 222 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of hydrogen (for example, at least one hydrogen atom, hydrogen molecule, etc.). Further, the insulator 222 preferably has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.). For example, the insulator 222 preferably has a function of suppressing the diffusion of one or both of hydrogen and oxygen more than the insulator 224.
  • the insulator 222 it is preferable to use an insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium, which are insulating materials. Insulators containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium have barrier properties against oxygen, hydrogen, and water. As the insulator, it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate) and the like. When the insulator 222 is formed by using such a material, the insulator 222 releases oxygen from the oxide 230 to the substrate side and diffuses impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 200 to the oxide 230. Functions as a layer that suppresses.
  • the insulator 222 it is possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen into the inside of the transistor 200 and suppress the generation of oxygen deficiency in the oxide 230. Further, it is possible to suppress the conductor 205 from reacting with the oxygen contained in the insulator 224 and the oxide 230.
  • aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, and zirconium oxide may be added to the insulator.
  • these insulators may be nitrided.
  • the insulator 222 may be used by laminating silicon oxide, silicon oxide or silicon nitride on these insulators.
  • the insulator 222 includes, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTIO 3 ), (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST) and the like. Insulators containing so-called high-k materials may be used in single layers or in layers. As the miniaturization and high integration of transistors progress, problems such as leakage current may occur due to the thinning of the gate insulator. By using a high-k material for an insulator that functions as a gate insulator, it is possible to reduce the gate potential during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness.
  • the insulator 224 in contact with the oxide 230 desorbs oxygen by heating.
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, or the like may be appropriately used for the insulator 224.
  • an excess oxygen region a region in which oxygen is excessively present
  • an oxide film containing an excess oxygen region or an excess oxygen is a film in which the amount of desorbed oxygen molecules is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 molecules / cm 3 or more, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 19 in TDS (Thermal Desolation Spectroscopy) analysis.
  • the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower, or 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
  • one or more of heat treatment, microwave treatment, and RF treatment may be performed in a state where the insulator having the excess oxygen region and the oxide 230 are in contact with each other.
  • water or hydrogen in the oxide 230 can be removed.
  • a part of hydrogen may be diffused or captured (also referred to as gettering) in the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b.
  • the microwave processing for example, it is preferable to use an apparatus having a power source for generating high-density plasma or an apparatus having a power source for applying RF to the substrate side.
  • an apparatus having a power source for generating high-density plasma for example, by using a gas containing oxygen and using a high-density plasma, high-density oxygen radicals can be generated, and by applying RF to the substrate side, the oxygen radicals generated by the high-density plasma can be generated.
  • the pressure may be 133 Pa or more, preferably 200 Pa or more, and more preferably 400 Pa or more.
  • oxygen and argon are used as the gas to be introduced into the apparatus for performing microwave treatment, and the oxygen flow rate ratio (O 2 / (O 2 + Ar)) is 50% or less, preferably 10% or more and 30%.
  • Microwave processing may be performed below.
  • the reaction of repairing the oxygen deficiency in the oxide 230 with the supplied oxygen can be promoted. Further, since the oxygen supplied to the hydrogen remaining in the oxide 230 is reacted to remove the hydrogen as H 2 O (to dehydration) can. Thus, the hydrogen remained in the oxide 230 can be prevented from recombine V O H is formed by oxygen vacancies.
  • each of the insulator 222 and the insulator 224 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
  • the laminated structure is not limited to the same material, and may be a laminated structure made of different materials.
  • the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b have a function of suppressing the permeation of oxygen.
  • the conductor 242a it is preferable because the electric resistance between (conductor 242b) and oxide 230b is reduced. With such a configuration, the electrical characteristics of the transistor 200 and the reliability of the transistor 200 can be improved. If the electrical resistance between the conductor 242a (conductor 242b) and the oxide 230b can be sufficiently reduced, the oxide 243a (oxide 243b) may not be provided.
  • a metal oxide having an element M may be used as the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b.
  • the element M aluminum, gallium, yttrium, or tin may be used.
  • Oxide 243a and oxide 243b preferably have a higher concentration of element M than oxide 230b.
  • gallium oxide may be used as the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b.
  • a metal oxide such as In—M—Zn oxide may be used.
  • the atomic number ratio of the element M to In is larger than the atomic number ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b.
  • the film thickness of the oxide 243a and the oxide 243b is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 5 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, and further preferably 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less. Further, the oxides 243a and 243b are preferably crystalline. When the oxides 243a and 243b are crystalline, the release of oxygen in the oxide 230 can be suitably suppressed. For example, if the oxides 243a and 243b have a crystal structure such as hexagonal crystals, the release of oxygen in the oxide 230 may be suppressed.
  • the conductor 242a is provided on the oxide 243a, and the conductor 242b is provided on the oxide 243b.
  • nitrides containing tantalum for example, nitrides containing tantalum, nitrides containing titanium, nitrides containing molybdenum, nitrides containing tungsten, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum. It is preferable to use a thing or the like.
  • a nitride containing tantalum is particularly preferable.
  • ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, and the like may be used. These materials are preferable because they are conductive materials that are difficult to oxidize or materials that maintain conductivity even when oxygen is absorbed.
  • a curved surface may be provided between the side surface of the conductor 242a and the upper surface of the conductor 242a, and between the side surface of the conductor 242b and the upper surface of the conductor 242b. That is, the side edge and the top edge may be curved.
  • the curved surface has, for example, a radius of curvature of 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or more and 6 nm or less at the ends of the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b. By having no corners at the ends, the coating property of the film in the subsequent film forming process is improved.
  • the conductor 242a (conductor 242b) is in contact with the oxide 230b or the oxide 230c, so that the oxygen in the oxide 230b or the oxide 230c becomes conductive. It may diffuse to the body 242a (conductor 242b) and oxidize the conductor 242a (conductor 242b). It is highly probable that the conductivity of the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b will decrease due to the oxidation of the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b.
  • the diffusion of oxygen in the oxide 230b or the oxide 230c to the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b is paraphrased as the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b absorbing the oxygen in the oxide 230b or the oxide 230c. be able to.
  • oxygen in the oxide 230b or the oxide 230c diffuses into the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b, so that between the conductor 242a and the oxide 230b and between the conductor 242b and the oxide 230b, Alternatively, a layer may be formed between the conductor 242a and the oxide 230c, and between the conductor 242b and the oxide 230c. Since the layer contains more oxygen than the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b, it is presumed that the layer has insulating properties.
  • the three-layer structure of the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b, the layer, and the oxide 230b or the oxide 230c can be regarded as a three-layer structure composed of a metal, an insulator, and a semiconductor, and is MIS (Metal). It can be regarded as a -Insulator-Semiconductor) structure or a diode junction structure mainly composed of a MIS structure.
  • hydrogen contained in the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, etc. may diffuse into the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b.
  • the hydrogen contained in the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, etc. is easily diffused into the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b, and the diffused hydrogen. May combine with the nitrogen contained in the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b. That is, hydrogen contained in the oxide 230b, the oxide 230c, and the like may be absorbed by the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b.
  • the insulator 254 includes a side surface of the oxide 230a, a side surface of the oxide 230b, a side surface of the oxide 243a, a side surface of the oxide 243b, a side surface of the conductor 242a, an upper surface of the conductor 242a, a side surface of the conductor 242b, and a conductor. It is provided so as to cover the upper surface of 242b.
  • the insulator 254 preferably has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen.
  • the insulator 254 preferably has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen more than the insulator 280.
  • an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium may be formed.
  • the insulator 254 is formed with aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide in an atmosphere containing oxygen by a bias sputtering method.
  • the bias sputtering method is a method of sputtering while applying RF power to a substrate.
  • the potential of the substrate becomes a negative potential (referred to as a bias potential) with respect to the plasma potential, and + ions in the plasma are accelerated by this bias potential and injected into the substrate.
  • the bias potential can be controlled by the magnitude of the RF power applied to the substrate. Therefore, oxygen can be injected into the insulator 224 by forming aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide in an atmosphere containing oxygen by the bias sputtering method.
  • the amount of oxygen injected into the insulator 224 can be controlled by the magnitude of the RF power applied to the substrate.
  • the RF power power density 0.31 W / cm 2 or more, preferably 0.62 W / cm 2 or more, more preferably may be applied to 1.86W / cm 2 or more bias to the substrate. That is, the amount of oxygen suitable for the characteristics of the transistor can be changed and injected by the RF power when the insulator 254 is formed. In addition, an amount of oxygen suitable for improving the reliability of the transistor can be injected.
  • the RF frequency is preferably 10 MHz or higher. Typically, it is 13.56 MHz.
  • the amount of oxygen injected into the insulator 224 can be controlled by adjusting the RF power applied to the substrate, so that the amount of oxygen injected into the insulator 224 can be optimized.
  • the bias applied to the substrate is not limited to RF power, but may be DC voltage.
  • the insulator 254 has a function of injecting oxygen into the underlying film, but the insulator 254 itself has a function of suppressing the permeation of oxygen. Therefore, when the insulator 280 is formed on the insulator 254 in a later step and oxygen is diffused from the insulator 280, the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide layer 243B, and the conductivity are transmitted from the insulator 280. It is possible to prevent oxygen from diffusing directly into layer 242B.
  • the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 243a, the oxide 243b, the conductor 242a, and the conductor 242b can be separated from the insulator 280. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the direct diffusion of oxygen from the insulator 280 into the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 243a, the oxide 243b, the conductor 242a, and the conductor 242b. This can prevent excess oxygen from being supplied to the source and drain regions of the oxide 230 and reducing the carrier concentration in the source and drain regions. Further, it is possible to prevent the conductors 242a and 242b from being excessively oxidized to increase the resistivity and reduce the on-current.
  • the insulator 250 is preferably arranged in contact with at least a part of the oxide 230d.
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, silicon oxide having pores, etc. are used.
  • silicon oxide and silicon nitride nitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
  • the insulator 250 is preferably formed by using an insulator that releases oxygen by heating.
  • an insulator that releases oxygen by heating as an insulator 250 in contact with at least a part of the oxide 230d, oxygen can be effectively supplied to the channel forming region of the oxide 230, and the oxide 230 can be provided with oxygen. Oxygen deficiency in the channel formation region can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a transistor in which fluctuations in electrical characteristics are suppressed, stable electrical characteristics are realized, and reliability is improved.
  • the concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 250 is reduced.
  • the film thickness of the insulator 250 is preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
  • the insulator 250 is shown as a single layer in FIGS. 1B and 1C, it may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
  • the lower layer of the insulator 250 is formed by using an insulator that releases oxygen by heating, and the upper layer of the insulator 250 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen. It is preferable to form using an insulator having. With such a configuration, oxygen contained in the lower layer of the insulator 250 can be suppressed from diffusing into the conductor 260. That is, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of oxygen supplied to the oxide 230.
  • the lower layer of the insulator 250 can be provided by using a material that can be used for the insulator 250 described above, and the upper layer of the insulator 250 can be provided by using the same material as the insulator 222.
  • an insulating material which is a high-k material having a high relative permittivity may be used for the upper layer of the insulator 250.
  • the gate insulator By forming the gate insulator into a laminated structure of the lower layer of the insulator 250 and the upper layer of the insulator 250, it is possible to obtain a laminated structure that is stable against heat and has a high relative permittivity. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the gate potential applied during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness of the gate insulator.
  • the equivalent oxide film thickness (EOT) of an insulator that functions as a gate insulator can be thinned.
  • a thing or a metal oxide that can be used as the oxide 230 can be used.
  • the distance between the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 is maintained due to the physical thickness of the insulator 250, and the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 are separated from each other. The leakage current between them can be suppressed. Further, the physical distance between the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 and the electric field strength applied from the conductor 260 to the oxide 230 can be easily and appropriately adjusted.
  • a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 250 and the conductor 260.
  • the metal oxide preferably suppresses the diffusion of oxygen from the insulator 250 to the conductor 260.
  • the diffusion of oxygen from the insulator 250 to the conductor 260 is suppressed. That is, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of oxygen supplied to the oxide 230.
  • the oxidation of the conductor 260 by oxygen of the insulator 250 can be suppressed.
  • the metal oxide has a function as a part of the first gate electrode.
  • the metal oxide it is possible to improve the on-current of the transistor 200 without weakening the influence of the electric field from the conductor 260.
  • a metal oxide that can be used as the oxide 230 can be used as the metal oxide.
  • the conductor 260a into a film by a sputtering method, the electric resistance value of the metal oxide can be lowered to form a conductor. This can be called an OC (Oxide Conductor) electrode.
  • the conductor 260 preferably has a conductor 260a and a conductor 260b arranged on the conductor 260a.
  • the conductor 260a is preferably arranged so as to wrap the bottom surface and the side surface of the conductor 260b.
  • the upper surface of the conductor 260 is arranged substantially in agreement with the upper surface of the insulator 250, the upper surface of the oxide 230d, and the upper surface of the oxide 230c.
  • the conductor 260 is shown as a two-layer structure of the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b in FIGS. 1B and 1C, it may be a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
  • the conductor 260a it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atom, hydrogen molecule, water molecule, nitrogen atom, nitrogen molecule, nitrogen oxide molecule and copper atom.
  • impurities such as hydrogen atom, hydrogen molecule, water molecule, nitrogen atom, nitrogen molecule, nitrogen oxide molecule and copper atom.
  • a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.
  • the conductor 260a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, it is possible to prevent the conductor 260b from being oxidized by the oxygen contained in the insulator 250 and the conductivity from being lowered.
  • the conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used.
  • the conductor 260 also functions as wiring, it is preferable to use a conductor having high conductivity.
  • a conductor having high conductivity for example, as the conductor 260b, a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component can be used.
  • the conductor 260b may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminated structure of titanium or titanium nitride and the conductive material.
  • the conductor 260 is self-aligned so as to fill the opening formed in the insulator 280 or the like.
  • the conductor 260 can be reliably arranged in the region between the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b without aligning the conductor 260.
  • the bottom surface of the region of the conductor 260 in which the conductor 260 and the oxide 230b do not overlap is lower than the bottom surface of the oxide 230b in the channel width direction of the transistor 200.
  • the conductor 260 which functions as a gate electrode, covers the side surface and the upper surface of the channel forming region of the oxide 230b via an insulator 250 or the like, so that the electric field of the conductor 260 is covered with the channel forming region of the oxide 230b. It becomes easier to act on the whole. Therefore, the on-current of the transistor 200 can be increased and the frequency characteristics can be improved.
  • the insulator 280 is provided on the insulator 254. Further, the upper surface of the insulator 280 may be flattened.
  • the concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 280 is reduced.
  • the insulator 280 preferably has a low hydrogen concentration and an excess oxygen region or an excess oxygen, and may be provided by using the same material as the insulator 216, for example.
  • the insulator 280 may have a structure in which the above materials are laminated. For example, silicon oxide formed by a sputtering method and oxidation formed on the silicon oxide by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. It may have a laminated structure with silicon nitride. Further, silicon nitride may be further laminated on top of it.
  • a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum is preferable to use as a main component.
  • each of the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b may have a laminated structure.
  • the conductors in contact with the insulator 283, the insulator 282, the insulator 280, and the insulator 254 suppress the permeation of impurities such as water and hydrogen.
  • a conductive material having a function For example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used.
  • the conductive material having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as water and hydrogen may be used in a single layer or in a laminated state.
  • impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the layer above the insulator 283 can be suppressed from being mixed into the oxide 230 through the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b.
  • an insulator such as silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, or silicon nitride may be used. Since the insulator 241a and the insulator 241b are provided in contact with the insulator 254, impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the insulator 280 and the like are prevented from being mixed into the oxide 230 through the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b. It can be suppressed.
  • silicon nitride is suitable because it has a high blocking property against hydrogen. Further, it is possible to prevent oxygen contained in the insulator 280 from being absorbed by the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b.
  • the conductor 246a which is in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 240a and functions as wiring, and the conductor 246b which is in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 240b and functions as wiring may be arranged.
  • the conductor 246a and the conductor 246b it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
  • the conductor may have a laminated structure, for example, titanium or titanium nitride may be laminated with the above-mentioned conductive material.
  • the conductor may be formed so as to be embedded in an opening provided in the insulator.
  • the insulator 286 is provided on the conductor 246a, the conductor 246b, and the insulator 283.
  • the upper surface of the conductor 246a, the side surface of the conductor 246a, the upper surface of the conductor 246b, and the side surface of the conductor 246b are in contact with the insulator 286, and the lower surface of the conductor 246a and the lower surface of the conductor 246b are insulated.
  • the conductor 246a and the conductor 246b can be configured to be wrapped with the insulator 283 and the insulator 286. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress the permeation of oxygen from the outside and prevent the oxidation of the conductor 246. Further, it is preferable because impurities such as water and hydrogen can be prevented from diffusing from the conductor 246a and the conductor 246b to the outside.
  • the substrate on which the transistor 200 is formed for example, an insulator substrate, a semiconductor substrate, or a conductor substrate may be used.
  • the insulator substrate include a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a stabilized zirconia substrate (yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate, etc.), a resin substrate, and the like.
  • the semiconductor substrate include a semiconductor substrate made of silicon and germanium, and a compound semiconductor substrate made of silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, and gallium oxide.
  • the conductor substrate includes a graphite substrate, a metal substrate, an alloy substrate, and a conductive resin substrate.
  • a substrate having a metal nitride a substrate having a metal oxide, and the like.
  • a substrate in which a conductor or a semiconductor is provided in an insulator substrate a substrate in which a conductor or an insulator is provided in a semiconductor substrate, a substrate in which a semiconductor or an insulator is provided in a conductor substrate, and the like.
  • those substrates provided with elements may be used.
  • Elements provided on the substrate include capacitive elements, resistance elements, switch elements, light emitting elements, storage elements, and the like.
  • Examples of the insulator include oxides, nitrides, oxide nitrides, nitride oxides, metal oxides, metal oxide nitrides, and metal nitride oxides having insulating properties.
  • the material may be selected according to the function of the insulator.
  • Examples of the insulator having a high specific dielectric constant include gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, oxides having aluminum and hafnium, nitrides having aluminum and hafnium, oxides having silicon and hafnium, silicon and hafnium. There are nitrides having oxides, or nitrides having silicon and hafnium.
  • Examples of insulators having a low relative permittivity include silicon oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon nitride with fluorine added, silicon oxide with carbon added, silicon oxide with carbon and nitrogen added, and empty. There are silicon oxide having holes, resin, and the like.
  • the electric characteristics of the transistor can be stabilized by surrounding the transistor using the metal oxide with an insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen include boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, argon, gallium, germanium, yttrium, and zirconium. Insulators containing, lanthanum, neodymium, hafnium, or tantalum may be used in single layers or in layers.
  • an insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen
  • Metal oxides such as tantalum oxide and metal nitrides such as aluminum nitride, silicon nitride and silicon nitride can be used.
  • the insulator that functions as a gate insulator is preferably an insulator having a region containing oxygen that is desorbed by heating.
  • the oxygen deficiency of the oxide 230 can be compensated.
  • Conductors include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, berylium, indium, ruthenium, iridium, strontium, and lanthanum. It is preferable to use a metal element selected from the above, an alloy containing the above-mentioned metal element as a component, an alloy in which the above-mentioned metal element is combined, or the like.
  • tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, oxides containing lanthanum and nickel, etc. are used. Is preferable.
  • tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxides containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize.
  • a plurality of conductive layers formed of the above materials may be laminated and used.
  • a laminated structure may be formed in which the above-mentioned material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing oxygen are combined.
  • the laminated structure may be a combination of the above-mentioned material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing nitrogen.
  • a laminated structure may be formed in which the above-mentioned material containing a metal element, a conductive material containing oxygen, and a conductive material containing nitrogen are combined.
  • the conductor functioning as the gate electrode shall have a laminated structure in which the above-mentioned material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing oxygen are combined. Is preferable.
  • a conductive material containing oxygen may be provided on the channel forming region side.
  • a conductor that functions as a gate electrode it is preferable to use a conductive material containing a metal element and oxygen contained in a metal oxide in which a channel is formed.
  • the above-mentioned conductive material containing a metal element and nitrogen may be used.
  • a conductive material containing nitrogen such as titanium nitride and tantalum nitride may be used.
  • Indium tin oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, and indium tin containing silicon. Oxides may be used.
  • indium gallium zinc oxide containing nitrogen may be used.
  • Metal oxide As the oxide 230, it is preferable to use a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor) that functions as a semiconductor.
  • a metal oxide oxide semiconductor
  • the metal oxide applicable to the oxide 230 according to the present invention will be described.
  • the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it preferably contains indium and zinc. In addition to them, it is preferable that aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin and the like are contained. Further, one or more selected from boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, cobalt and the like may be contained.
  • a metal oxide having nitrogen may also be collectively referred to as a metal oxide. Further, a metal oxide having nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating the classification of crystal structures of oxide semiconductors, typically IGZO (metal oxides containing In, Ga, and Zn).
  • IGZO metal oxides containing In, Ga, and Zn.
  • oxide semiconductors are roughly classified into “Amorphous (amorphous)”, “Crystalline (crystallinity)", and “Crystal (crystal)”.
  • Amorphous includes “completable amorphous”.
  • Crystalline includes CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), and CAC (cloud-aligned composite).
  • single crystal, poly crystal, and single crystal amorphous are excluded from the classification of "Crystalline”.
  • “Crystal” includes single crystal and poly crystal.
  • the structure in the thick frame shown in FIG. 3A is an intermediate state between "Amorphous” and “Crystal", and is a structure belonging to a new boundary region (New crystal line phase). .. That is, the structure can be rephrased as a structure completely different from the energetically unstable "Amorphous” and "Crystal".
  • the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD: X-Ray Evaluation) spectrum.
  • XRD X-ray diffraction
  • FIG. 3B the XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD (Glazing-Incidence XRD) measurement of a CAAC-IGZO film classified as "Crystalline" is shown in FIG. 3B.
  • the GIXD method is also referred to as a thin film method or a Seemann-Bohlin method.
  • the XRD spectrum obtained by the GIXD measurement shown in FIG. 3B will be simply referred to as an XRD spectrum.
  • the thickness of the CAAC-IGZO film shown in FIG. 3B is 500 nm.
  • the horizontal axis is 2 ⁇ [deg. ], And the vertical axis is the intensity [a. u. ].
  • a peak showing clear crystallinity is detected in the XRD spectrum of the CAAC-IGZO film.
  • the crystal structure of the film or the substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a microelectron diffraction pattern) observed by a micro electron diffraction method (NBED: Nano Beam Electron Diffraction).
  • the diffraction pattern of the CAAC-IGZO film is shown in FIG. 3C.
  • FIG. 3C is a diffraction pattern observed by the NBED in which the electron beam is incident parallel to the substrate.
  • electron beam diffraction is performed with the probe diameter set to 1 nm.
  • oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from FIG. 3A.
  • oxide semiconductors are divided into single crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single crystal oxide semiconductors.
  • the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor include the above-mentioned CAAC-OS and nc-OS.
  • the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor includes a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an amorphous oxide semiconductor, and the like.
  • CAAC-OS CAAC-OS
  • nc-OS nc-OS
  • a-like OS the details of the above-mentioned CAAC-OS, nc-OS, and a-like OS will be described.
  • CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor having a plurality of crystal regions, the plurality of crystal regions having the c-axis oriented in a specific direction.
  • the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction of the surface to be formed of the CAAC-OS film, or the normal direction of the surface of the CAAC-OS film.
  • the crystal region is a region having periodicity in the atomic arrangement. When the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, the crystal region is also a region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned. Further, the CAAC-OS has a region in which a plurality of crystal regions are connected in the ab plane direction, and the region may have distortion.
  • the strain refers to a region in which a plurality of crystal regions are connected in which the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region in which another grid arrangement is aligned. That is, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that is c-axis oriented and not clearly oriented in the ab plane direction.
  • Each of the plurality of crystal regions is composed of one or a plurality of minute crystals (crystals having a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm).
  • the maximum diameter of the crystal region is less than 10 nm.
  • the size of the crystal region may be about several tens of nm.
  • CAAC-OS has indium (In) and oxygen. It tends to have a layered crystal structure (also referred to as a layered structure) in which a layer (hereinafter, In layer) and a layer having elements M, zinc (Zn), and oxygen (hereinafter, (M, Zn) layer) are laminated. There is. Indium and element M can be replaced with each other. Therefore, the (M, Zn) layer may contain indium. In addition, the In layer may contain the element M. In addition, Zn may be contained in the In layer.
  • the layered structure is observed as a lattice image in, for example, a high-resolution TEM image.
  • the position of the peak indicating the c-axis orientation may vary depending on the type and composition of the metal elements constituting CAAC-OS.
  • a plurality of bright spots are observed in the electron diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film. Note that a certain spot and another spot are observed at point-symmetrical positions with the spot of the incident electron beam passing through the sample (also referred to as a direct spot) as the center of symmetry.
  • the lattice arrangement in the crystal region is based on a hexagonal lattice, but the unit lattice is not limited to a regular hexagon and may be a non-regular hexagon. Further, in the above strain, it may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon or a heptagon.
  • a clear grain boundary cannot be confirmed even in the vicinity of strain. That is, it can be seen that the formation of grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion because the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal atoms. It is thought that this is the reason.
  • CAAC-OS for which no clear crystal grain boundary is confirmed, is one of the crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for the semiconductor layer of the transistor.
  • a configuration having Zn is preferable.
  • In-Zn oxide and In-Ga-Zn oxide are more suitable than In oxide because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries.
  • CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity and no clear grain boundaries can be confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that CAAC-OS is unlikely to cause a decrease in electron mobility due to grain boundaries. Further, since the crystallinity of the oxide semiconductor may be lowered due to the mixing of impurities or the generation of defects, CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor having few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.). Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability. CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures in the manufacturing process (so-called thermal budget). Therefore, if CAAC-OS is used for the OS transistor, the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process can be expanded.
  • nc-OS has periodicity in the atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less).
  • nc-OS has tiny crystals. Since the size of the minute crystal is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, the minute crystal is also referred to as a nanocrystal.
  • nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film.
  • the nc-OS may be indistinguishable from the a-like OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
  • a peak indicating crystallinity is not detected in the Out-of-plane XRD measurement using a ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scan.
  • electron beam diffraction also referred to as limited field electron diffraction
  • a diffraction pattern such as a halo pattern is performed. Is observed.
  • electron beam diffraction also referred to as nanobeam electron diffraction
  • an electron beam having a probe diameter for example, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less
  • An electron diffraction pattern in which a plurality of spots are observed in a ring-shaped region centered on a direct spot may be acquired.
  • the a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
  • the a-like OS has a void or low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
  • a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the membrane than nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
  • CAC-OS relates to the material composition.
  • CAC-OS is, for example, a composition of a material in which the elements constituting the metal oxide are unevenly distributed in a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size close thereto.
  • the metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size close thereto.
  • the mixed state is also called a mosaic shape or a patch shape.
  • CAC-OS has a structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region to form a mosaic shape, and the first region is distributed in the membrane (hereinafter, also referred to as a cloud shape). It says.). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide having a structure in which the first region and the second region are mixed.
  • the atomic number ratios of In, Ga, and Zn to the metal elements constituting CAC-OS in the In-Ga-Zn oxide are expressed as [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively.
  • the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
  • the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
  • the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region.
  • the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.
  • the first region is a region in which indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, etc. are the main components.
  • the second region is a region in which gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like is the main component. That is, the first region can be rephrased as a region containing In as a main component. Further, the second region can be rephrased as a region containing Ga as a main component.
  • a region containing In as a main component (No. 1) by EDX mapping obtained by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX: Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). It can be confirmed that the region (1 region) and the region containing Ga as a main component (second region) have a structure in which they are unevenly distributed and mixed.
  • CAC-OS When CAC-OS is used for a transistor, the conductivity caused by the first region and the insulating property caused by the second region act in a complementary manner to switch the switching function (On / Off function). Can be added to CAC-OS. That is, the CAC-OS has a conductive function in a part of the material and an insulating function in a part of the material, and has a function as a semiconductor in the whole material. By separating the conductive function and the insulating function, both functions can be maximized. Therefore, by using CAC-OS for the transistor, high on-current ( Ion ), high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ), and good switching operation can be realized.
  • Ion on-current
  • ⁇ high field effect mobility
  • Oxide semiconductors have various structures, and each has different characteristics.
  • the oxide semiconductor of the present embodiment has two or more kinds of amorphous oxide semiconductor, polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, a-like OS, CAC-OS, nc-OS, and CAAC-OS. May be good.
  • the oxide semiconductor as a transistor, a transistor with high field effect mobility can be realized. Moreover, a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
  • the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm -3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm -3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm -3 or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ . It is 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm -3 , and more than 1 ⁇ 10 -9 cm -3 .
  • the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
  • a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density is referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
  • an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration may be referred to as a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
  • the case where the carrier concentration of the metal oxide in the channel formation region is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm -3 or less is defined as substantially high purity authenticity.
  • the trap level density may also be low.
  • the charge captured at the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel forming region is formed in an oxide semiconductor having a high trap level density may have unstable electrical characteristics.
  • the resistance of the oxide semiconductor may be lowered.
  • the electrical characteristics are liable to fluctuate, and reliability may deteriorate.
  • a leakage current (parasitic channel) between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor is generated in the low resistance region.
  • parasitic channel tends to cause defective transistor characteristics such as normalization of the transistor, increase in leakage current, and fluctuation (shift) of the threshold voltage due to stress application.
  • the parasitic channel varies from transistor to transistor, resulting in variation in transistor characteristics.
  • the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor in order to stabilize the electrical characteristics of the transistor, it is effective to reduce the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor. Further, in order to reduce the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor, it is preferable to reduce the impurity concentration in the adjacent film.
  • Impurities mixed in oxide semiconductors may cause defect levels or oxygen deficiencies. Therefore, when impurities are mixed in the channel forming region of the oxide semiconductor, the electrical characteristics of the transistor using the oxide semiconductor are likely to fluctuate, and the reliability may be deteriorated. Further, when the channel formation region contains oxygen deficiency, the transistor tends to have a normal-on characteristic (a characteristic that a channel exists even if a voltage is not applied to the gate electrode and a current flows through the transistor).
  • Transistors using metal oxides tend to have normal-on characteristics because their electrical characteristics fluctuate due to impurities and oxygen deficiency in the metal oxides. Further, when the transistor is driven in a state where the metal oxide contains excess oxygen exceeding an appropriate amount value, the valence of the excess oxygen atom changes and the electrical characteristics of the transistor fluctuate. , May be unreliable.
  • the crystallinity of the channel forming region may be lowered, or the crystallinity of the oxide provided in contact with the channel forming region may be lowered. Poor crystallinity in the channel formation region tends to reduce the stability or reliability of the transistor. Further, if the crystallinity of the oxide provided in contact with the channel forming region is low, an interface state may be formed and the stability or reliability of the transistor may be deteriorated.
  • Impurities in metal oxides include, for example, hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
  • the concentration of silicon and carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon and carbon near the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ . 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
  • the oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
  • defect levels may be formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Therefore, the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
  • the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less. , More preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
  • FIG. 4A shows a top view of the semiconductor device.
  • FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line in A1-A2 in FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line of A3-A4 in FIG. 4A.
  • FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4A.
  • some elements are omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • the same reference numerals are added to the structures having the same functions as the structures constituting the semiconductor devices shown in ⁇ Semiconductor device configuration example>.
  • the constituent material of the semiconductor device the material described in detail in ⁇ Semiconductor device configuration example> can be used.
  • the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D is a modification of the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D.
  • the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D has a different shape of the insulator 283 from the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D. It is also different from having an insulator 287 and an insulator 274.
  • the insulator 214, the insulator 216, the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the insulator 254, the insulator 280, and the insulator 282 are patterned. Further, the insulator 287 and the insulator 283 have a structure that covers the insulator 214, the insulator 216, the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the insulator 254, the insulator 280, and the insulator 282.
  • the insulator 287 includes the upper surface of the insulator 212, the side surface of the insulator 214, the side surface of the insulator 216, the side surface of the insulator 222, the side surface of the insulator 224, the side surface of the insulator 254, the side surface of the insulator 280, and the insulator. It is in contact with the side surface of the body 282 and the upper surface of the insulator 282, and the insulator 283 is in contact with the upper surface and the side surface of the insulator 287.
  • the oxide 230, the insulator 214, the insulator 216, the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the insulator 254, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the like become the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulator 212. Is isolated from the outside by. In other words, the transistor 200 is arranged in a region sealed by the insulator 287 and the insulator 283 and the insulator 212.
  • insulator 214, insulator 282, and insulator 287 are formed using a material having a function of capturing hydrogen and fixing hydrogen, and insulator 212 and insulator 283 suppress diffusion to hydrogen and oxygen. It is preferable to form it using a material having a function of forming.
  • aluminum oxide can be used as the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 287.
  • silicon nitride can be used as the insulator 212 and the insulator 283.
  • the configuration in which the insulator 212, the insulator 287, and the insulator 283 are provided as a single layer is shown, but the present embodiment is not limited to this. ..
  • the insulator 212, the insulator 287, and the insulator 283 may each be provided as a laminated structure of two or more layers.
  • the insulator 287 does not have to be provided.
  • the transistor 200 is arranged in the region sealed by the insulator 212 and the insulator 283.
  • the insulator 274 functions as an interlayer film.
  • the insulator 274 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 214.
  • the insulator 274 can be provided, for example, by using the same material as the insulator 280.
  • the insulating film to be the insulator 274 is preferably formed by using a sputtering method.
  • a film formed by using a sputtering method is preferable because the hydrogen concentration in the film is low. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the hydrogen concentration in the transistor from increasing in the step of forming the insulating film.
  • the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment.
  • the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment.
  • the insulator 287 and the insulator 283, and the insulator 287 and the insulator 283 can be prevented from adhering.
  • the interface and the vicinity of the interface with the insulator 283 and the interface and the vicinity of the interface between the insulator 283 and the insulating film can be kept clean.
  • the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device can be simplified.
  • FIG. 21A shows a top view. 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B, 20B, FIG. And 21B are FIGS. 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, respectively.
  • FIG. And 21C are FIGS. 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, respectively.
  • FIGS. 20A and 21A It is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line of A3-A4 in FIGS. 20A and 21A, and is also a cross-sectional view in the channel width direction of the transistor 200.
  • FIG. And 21D are FIGS. 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A, respectively.
  • FIG. 21A is cross-sectional views corresponding to the portions indicated by the alternate long and short dash lines of A5-A6.
  • FIG. 21A some elements are omitted for the sake of clarity of the figure.
  • a substrate (not shown) is prepared, and an insulator 212, an insulator 214, and an insulator 216 are formed on the substrate in this order (see FIGS. 5A to 5D). It is preferable that the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. By continuously forming a film, it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering to the insulator 212 and the insulator 214, and the interface between the insulator 212 and the insulator 214 and the vicinity of the interface, and , The interface between the insulator 214 and the insulator 216 and the vicinity of the interface can be kept clean.
  • the deposition of the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 is performed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, and an atomic layer. It can be carried out by using an deposition (ALD: Atomic Layer Deposition) method or the like.
  • the CVD method can be classified into a plasma CVD (PECVD: Plasma Enhanced CVD) method using plasma, a thermal CVD (TCVD: Thermal CVD) method using heat, an optical CVD (Photo CVD) method using light, and the like. .. Further, it can be divided into a metal CVD (MCVD: Metal CVD) method and an organometallic CVD (MOCVD: Metal organic CVD) method depending on the raw material gas used.
  • PECVD Plasma Enhanced CVD
  • TCVD Thermal CVD
  • Photo CVD Photo CVD
  • MCVD Metal CVD
  • MOCVD Metal organic CVD
  • the plasma CVD method can obtain a high quality film at a relatively low temperature. Further, since the thermal CVD method does not use plasma, it is a film forming method capable of reducing plasma damage to the object to be processed. For example, wiring, electrodes, elements (transistors, capacitive elements, etc.) and the like included in a semiconductor device may be charged up by receiving electric charges from plasma. At this time, the accumulated electric charge may destroy the wiring, electrodes, elements, and the like included in the semiconductor device. On the other hand, in the case of the thermal CVD method that does not use plasma, such plasma damage does not occur, so that the yield of the semiconductor device can be increased. Further, in the thermal CVD method, plasma damage does not occur during film formation, so that a film having few defects can be obtained.
  • a thermal ALD (Thermal ALD) method in which the reaction of the precursor and the reactor is performed only by thermal energy, a PEALD (Plasma Enhanced ALD) method using a plasma-excited reactor, or the like can be used.
  • the ALD method utilizes the self-regulating properties of atoms and allows atoms to be deposited layer by layer, so ultra-thin film formation is possible, and film formation into structures with a high aspect ratio is possible. It has the effects of being able to form a film with few defects such as holes, being able to form a film with excellent coverage, and being able to form a film at a low temperature.
  • PEALD Pulsma Enhanced ALD
  • Some precursors used in the ALD method contain impurities such as carbon.
  • the film provided by the ALD method may contain a large amount of impurities such as carbon as compared with the film provided by other film forming methods.
  • the quantification of impurities can be performed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
  • the CVD method and the ALD method are different from the film forming method in which particles emitted from a target or the like are deposited, and are film forming methods in which a film is formed by a reaction on the surface of an object to be treated. Therefore, it is a film forming method that is not easily affected by the shape of the object to be treated and has good step coverage.
  • the ALD method has excellent step covering property and excellent thickness uniformity, and is therefore suitable for covering the surface of an opening having a high aspect ratio.
  • the ALD method since the ALD method has a relatively slow film formation rate, it may be preferable to use it in combination with another film formation method such as a CVD method having a high film formation rate.
  • the composition of the obtained film can be controlled by the flow rate ratio of the raw material gas.
  • a film having an arbitrary composition can be formed depending on the flow rate ratio of the raw material gas.
  • a film having a continuously changed composition can be formed by changing the flow rate ratio of the raw material gas while forming the film.
  • silicon nitride is formed as the insulator 212 by a sputtering method.
  • silicon nitride having a low hydrogen concentration can be formed.
  • an insulator such as silicon nitride that does not easily allow copper to permeate as the insulator 212 even if a metal that easily diffuses such as copper is used for the conductor in the layer below the insulator 212 (not shown), the present invention is also applicable. It is possible to prevent the metal from diffusing upward through the insulator 212. Further, by using an insulator such as silicon nitride, which is difficult for impurities such as water and hydrogen to permeate, diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the layer below the insulator 212 can be suppressed.
  • aluminum oxide is formed as the insulator 214 by a sputtering method. As a result, aluminum oxide having a lower hydrogen concentration than that of the insulator 212 can be formed.
  • silicon oxide is formed as the insulator 216 by a sputtering method. As a result, silicon oxide having a low hydrogen concentration can be formed.
  • an opening is formed in the insulator 216 to reach the insulator 214.
  • the opening also includes, for example, a groove or a slit. Further, the region where the opening is formed may be referred to as an opening. Wet etching may be used to form the openings, but dry etching is preferable for microfabrication.
  • the insulator 214 it is preferable to select an insulator that functions as an etching stopper film when the insulator 216 is etched to form a groove. For example, when silicon oxide or silicon oxide nitride is used for the insulator 216 forming the groove, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, or hafnium oxide may be used for the insulator 214.
  • a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP: Capacitively Coupled Plasma) etching apparatus having parallel plate type electrodes can be used.
  • the capacitively coupled plasma etching apparatus having the parallel plate type electrodes may be configured to apply a high frequency voltage to one of the parallel plate type electrodes.
  • a plurality of different high frequency voltages may be applied to one of the parallel plate type electrodes.
  • a high frequency voltage having the same frequency may be applied to each of the parallel plate type electrodes.
  • a high frequency voltage having a different frequency may be applied to each of the parallel plate type electrodes.
  • a dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source can be used.
  • an inductively coupled plasma (ICP: Inductively Coupled Plasma) etching apparatus or the like can be used.
  • a conductive film to be the conductor 205a is formed. It is desirable that the conductive film contains a conductor having a function of suppressing the permeation of oxygen.
  • a conductor having a function of suppressing the permeation of oxygen For example, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride, titanium nitride and the like can be used. Alternatively, it can be a laminated film of a conductor having a function of suppressing oxygen permeation and a tantalum, tungsten, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum, copper, or molybdenum tungsten alloy.
  • the film formation of the conductive film can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • the conductive film to be the conductor 205a has a multilayer structure.
  • a tantalum nitride film is formed by a sputtering method, and a titanium nitride film is laminated on the tantalum nitride film.
  • a metal nitride film as the lower layer of the conductor 205b, even if a easily diffusible metal such as copper is used as the conductive film to be the conductor 205b described later, the metal diffuses out from the conductor 205a. Can be prevented.
  • a conductive film to be the conductor 205b is formed.
  • the film formation of the conductive film can be performed by using a plating method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • a low resistance conductive material such as copper is formed as the conductive film.
  • a part of the conductive film to be the conductor 205a and a part of the conductive film to be the conductor 205b is removed, and the insulator 216 is exposed.
  • the conductor 205a and the conductor 205b remain only in the opening.
  • the conductor 205 having a flat upper surface can be formed (see FIGS. 6A to 6D).
  • a part of the insulator 216 may be removed by the CMP treatment.
  • the conductor 205 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 216, but one aspect of the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a conductor 205 is formed on the insulator 214, an insulator 216 is formed on the insulator 205, and the insulator 216 is subjected to CMP treatment to remove a part of the insulator 216 and to remove the conductor.
  • the surface of 205 may be exposed.
  • the insulator 212 and the insulator 214 may be continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment.
  • the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A are formed on the insulator 216 and the conductor 205 in this order (see FIGS. 7A to 7D). It is preferable that the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A are continuously formed without being exposed to the air environment. By continuously forming a film without exposing it to the air environment, it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the air environment from adhering to the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, and the oxide film 230B.
  • the interface and interface between the insulator 222 and the insulator 224, the interface and interface between the insulator 224 and the oxide film 230A, the interface and interface between the oxide film 230A and the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 230B The interface between the and the oxide film 243A and the vicinity of the interface can be kept clean.
  • each of the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • heat treatment may be performed after the film of the insulator 222 is formed.
  • the heat treatment may be carried out at 250 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 320 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower.
  • the heat treatment conditions described later may be used, or RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) described later may be performed.
  • RTA Rapid Thermal Annealing
  • an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium is formed by a sputtering method.
  • silicon oxide is formed as an insulator 224 by a sputtering method. Thereby, the hydrogen concentration of the insulator 224 can be reduced.
  • the oxide film 230A and the oxide film 230B are formed by the sputtering method
  • oxygen or a mixed gas of oxygen and a rare gas is used as the sputtering gas.
  • excess oxygen in the oxide film formed can be increased.
  • the above oxide film is formed by a sputtering method
  • the above In—M—Zn oxide target or the like can be used.
  • the proportion of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas may be 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 100%.
  • the oxide film 230B is formed by a sputtering method, if the ratio of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas is more than 30% and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less, the oxygen excess type oxidation is performed. A physical semiconductor is formed. Transistors using oxygen-rich oxide semiconductors in the channel formation region can obtain relatively high reliability. However, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the oxide film 230B is formed by a sputtering method and the ratio of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas is 1% or more and 30% or less, preferably 5% or more and 20% or less, an oxygen-deficient oxide semiconductor is formed. To. A transistor using an oxygen-deficient oxide semiconductor in the channel formation region can obtain a relatively high field-effect mobility. Further, the crystallinity of the oxide film can be improved by forming a film while heating the substrate.
  • Each oxide film may be formed according to the characteristics required for the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 243a, and the oxide 243b by appropriately selecting the film forming conditions and the atomic number ratio.
  • the heat treatment may be performed in a temperature range in which the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A do not crystallize, and may be performed at 250 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, preferably 400 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower.
  • the heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or an inert gas, or an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of an oxidizing gas.
  • the oxygen gas may be set to about 20%.
  • the heat treatment may be performed in a reduced pressure state.
  • the heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or an inert gas, and then the heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of an oxidizing gas to supplement the desorbed oxygen. You may.
  • the heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of the oxidizing gas, and then the heat treatment may be continuously performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or an inert gas.
  • oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 230 to reduce oxygen deficiency.
  • the gas used in the above heat treatment is highly purified.
  • the amount of water contained in the gas used in the heat treatment may be 1 ppb or less, preferably 0.1 ppb or less, and more preferably 0.05 ppb or less.
  • a gas baking furnace, an electric furnace, an RTA device, or the like can be used for the heat treatment.
  • the heat treatment can be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the strain point of the substrate for a short time. Therefore, the heating time can be shortened.
  • the device capable of continuous film formation so that RTA can be performed in one of the processing chambers of the device, heat treatment can be performed during continuous film formation. Therefore, the process can be simplified and the productivity of the semiconductor device can be increased.
  • the heat treatment by RTA may be performed, for example, at 400 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower, preferably 500 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower. Further, the heat treatment may be performed in an oxygen atmosphere.
  • the processing time may be 600 seconds or less, preferably 180 seconds or less.
  • the treatment after performing the treatment at a temperature of 550 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, the treatment is continuously performed at a temperature of 550 ° C. for 1 hour in an oxygen atmosphere.
  • impurities such as water and hydrogen in the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A can be removed.
  • the heat treatment can improve the crystallinity of the oxide film 230B to obtain a denser and more dense structure. As a result, the diffusion of oxygen or impurities in the oxide film 230B can be suppressed.
  • a conductive film 242A is formed on the oxide film 243A (see FIGS. 7A to 7D).
  • the film formation of the conductive film 242A can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • the heat treatment may be performed before the film formation of the conductive film 242A.
  • the heat treatment may be carried out under reduced pressure to continuously form a conductive film 242A without exposing it to the atmosphere. By performing such a treatment, water and hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of the oxide film 243A and the like are removed, and the water concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A are further increased. It can be reduced.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower. In the present embodiment, the temperature of the heat treatment is set to 200 ° C.
  • the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, the oxide film 243A, and the conductive film 242A are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. It is good to do.
  • By continuously forming a film it is possible to suppress the adsorption of water and hydrogen on the surface of the oxide film 243A or the like. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the above heat treatment, the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device can be simplified, and the productivity of the semiconductor device can be increased.
  • the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, the oxide film 243A, and the conductive film 242A are processed into an island shape by using a lithography method.
  • a resist is formed on the conductive film 242A, and the resist is exposed through a mask.
  • the exposed region is removed or left with a developer to form a resist mask.
  • a resist mask may be formed by exposing the resist using KrF excimer laser light, ArF excimer laser light, EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) light, or the like.
  • an immersion technique may be used in which a liquid (for example, water) is filled between the substrate and the projection lens for exposure.
  • an electron beam or an ion beam may be used. When using an electron beam or an ion beam, a mask is not required.
  • the heat resistance and dry etching resistance of the resist mask may be improved.
  • improving the heat resistance and dry etching resistance of the resist mask may mean curing the resist mask.
  • the resist molecules are crosslinked, and the heat resistance and dry etching resistance of the resist mask can be improved.
  • the ultraviolet light near-ultraviolet light (ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 nm or more and 380 nm or less) or far-ultraviolet light (ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less, also referred to as vacuum ultraviolet light) is used. It is more preferable to use ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 250 nm or more and 300 nm or less. Moreover, you may perform high temperature heat treatment after irradiating the ultraviolet light.
  • the heat resistance and dry etching resistance of the resist mask can be improved.
  • the plasma H 2 gas, a mixed gas of H 2 and Ar, a mixed gas of CF 4 and O 2, a mixed gas of C 2 HCl 3 and O 2 and the like may be used.
  • the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, the oxide film 243A, and the conductive film 242A are processed into an island shape by etching treatment through a resist mask, so that the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide layer 243B are processed. , And a conductive layer 242B (see FIGS. 8A-8D).
  • a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used for the processing. Processing by the dry etching method is suitable for microfabrication.
  • the processing of the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, the oxide film 243A, and the conductive film 242A may be performed under different conditions. In this step, the film thickness of the region that does not overlap with the oxide 230a of the insulator 224 may be reduced.
  • the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide layer 243B, and the conductive layer 242B are formed so that at least a part thereof overlaps with the conductor 205. Further, it is preferable that the side surfaces of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide layer 243B, and the conductive layer 242B are substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the insulator 222. Since the side surfaces of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide layer 243B, and the conductive layer 242B are substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the insulator 222, the area is reduced and the height is increased when a plurality of transistors 200 are provided. It is possible to increase the density.
  • the angle formed by the side surfaces of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide layer 243B, and the conductive layer 242B and the upper surface of the insulator 222 may be low.
  • the covering property of the insulator 254 and the like can be improved and defects such as voids can be reduced in the subsequent steps.
  • the curved surface has, for example, a radius of curvature of 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or more and 6 nm or less at the end of the conductive layer 242B.
  • a layer (not shown) may be formed on the insulator 224, the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide layer 243B, and the conductive layer 242B.
  • the layer is a layer formed by etching a part of the conductive layer 242B, soaring into the chamber, and re-depositing. Therefore, the layer becomes an oxide containing the main component of the conductive layer 242B. For example, when tantalum nitride is used for the conductive layer 242B, the layer becomes an oxide containing tantalum.
  • the amount of oxygen injected into the insulator 224 by forming the insulator 254 by the sputtering method by forming the layer on the insulator 224. Will be reduced.
  • the layers on the insulator 224 and the conductive layer 242B are removed by anisotropic etching after the processing.
  • a part of the layer remains on the side surface of the oxide 230a, the side surface of the oxide 230b, the side surface of the oxide 243a, the side surface of the oxide 243b, the side surface of the conductor 242a, and the side surface of the conductor 242b.
  • the layer has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, a part of the layer remains on the side surface of the oxide 230a and the side surface of the oxide 230b, so that oxygen is generated in the region 236a and the region 236b. It is possible to suppress mixing. Therefore, the low resistance region can be maintained.
  • the on-current of the transistor 200 is increased by making the side surface of the oxide 230a and the side surface of the oxide 230b overlapping with the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b that function as the source electrode and the drain electrode n-shaped. Can be done.
  • the above layer may be detectable using EDX.
  • the concentration of the main component (excluding oxygen) of the above layer obtained by elemental analysis using EDX is equal to or higher than the lower limit of detection.
  • a region having 0 atomic% or less is detected.
  • the upper surface of the insulator 224 in the region where the concentration of the main component (excluding oxygen) of the above layer on the side surface of the oxide 230b in the region overlapping the conductor 242a or the conductor 242b does not overlap with the oxide 230b. Is lower than the concentration of the main component (excluding oxygen) of the above layer.
  • the resist mask may remain after the anisotropic etching.
  • the remaining resist mask can be removed by performing a dry etching process such as ashing, performing a wet etching process, performing a wet etching process after the dry etching process, or performing a dry etching process after the wet etching process.
  • the curing of the resist mask, the island-like processing of the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, the oxide film 243A, and the conductive film 242A, and the anisotropic etching of the above layer are all performed by using one dry etching apparatus. It is preferable to perform it continuously. If the resist mask remains after the anisotropic etching, the resist mask is cured, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, the oxide film 243A, and the conductive film 242A are island-shaped, and the above layer is anisotropically etched. , And the removal of the resist mask (also referred to as resist peeling) is preferably carried out continuously using one dry etching apparatus. By continuously processing these steps, the steps can be simplified. A step of removing deposits on the inner wall of the processing chamber of the dry etching apparatus (so-called chamber cleaning step) may be performed between the anisotropic etching and the resist peeling.
  • chamber cleaning step may be performed between the anisotropic
  • the insulator 254 and the insulating film 280A are formed in this order on the insulator 224 and the conductive layer 242B (see FIGS. 9B to 9D). It is preferable that the insulator 254 and the insulating film 280A are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment.
  • the continuous film formation can prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering to the insulator 254, and can keep the interface between the insulator 254 and the insulating film 280A and the vicinity of the interface clean. Moreover, the process can be simplified.
  • Each of the insulator 254 and the insulating film 280A can be deposited by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • aluminum oxide is formed as the insulator 254 by a sputtering method.
  • oxygen can be added to the insulator 224 while forming the film.
  • a silicon oxide film is formed as the insulating film 280A by a sputtering method. Thereby, the hydrogen concentration of the insulating film 280A can be reduced.
  • the insulating film 280A is subjected to CMP treatment to form an insulator 280 having a flat upper surface.
  • aluminum oxide may be formed on the insulating film 280A by, for example, a sputtering method, and CMP treatment may be performed until an insulator 280 having a flat upper surface can be formed.
  • the insulator 254, the insulating film 280A, and the aluminum oxide may be continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. As a result, impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment can be prevented from adhering to the insulating film 280A, and a decrease in the amount of oxygen added to the insulating film 280A during the formation of the aluminum oxide can be suppressed.
  • microwave processing may be performed.
  • the microwave treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen and under reduced pressure.
  • field insulator 280 by microwave, oxides 230b, given like oxides 230a, in the oxide 230b, and the V O H in the oxide 230a to oxygen vacancies and hydrogen can do.
  • a part of the hydrogen divided at this time may be combined with oxygen contained in the insulator 280 and removed as water molecules. Further, a part of hydrogen may be gettered to the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b via the insulator 254.
  • the heat treatment may be performed while maintaining the reduced pressure state after the microwave treatment.
  • hydrogen in the insulator 280, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230a can be efficiently removed.
  • the heat treatment temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
  • the film quality of the insulator 280 by modifying the film quality of the insulator 280 by performing microwave treatment, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of hydrogen, water, impurities and the like. Therefore, it is possible to prevent hydrogen, water, impurities, etc. from diffusing into the oxide 230 through the insulator 280 by a post-process after forming the insulator 280, heat treatment, or the like.
  • a part of the insulator 280, a part of the insulator 254, a part of the conductive layer 242B, and a part of the oxide layer 243B are processed to form an opening reaching the oxide 230b.
  • the opening is preferably formed so as to overlap the conductor 205.
  • a conductor 242a, a conductor 242b, an oxide 243a, and an oxide 243b are formed (see FIGS. 10A to 10D).
  • the upper part of the oxide 230b is removed.
  • a groove is formed in the oxide 230b.
  • the groove may be formed in the opening forming step, or may be formed in a step different from the opening forming step.
  • the processing of a part of the insulator 280, a part of the insulator 254, a part of the conductive layer 242B, a part of the oxide layer 243B, and a part of the oxide 230b is performed by a dry etching method or a wet etching method. Can be used. Further, the processing may be performed under different conditions. For example, a part of the insulator 280 is processed by a dry etching method, a part of the insulator 254 is processed by a wet etching method, and a part of the oxide layer 243B, a part of the conductive layer 242B, and the oxide 230b are processed. A part may be processed by a dry etching method. Further, the processing of a part of the oxide layer 243B and a part of the conductive layer 242B and the processing of a part of the oxide 230b may be performed under different conditions.
  • the power density of the bias power is preferably to 0.03 W / cm 2 or more, more preferably between 0.06 W / cm 2 or more.
  • the dry etching processing time may be appropriately set according to the depth of the groove portion.
  • the surface of the oxide 230b which is the bottom of the opening, may be damaged. Crystal defects such as oxygen deficiency are formed in the damaged region of the oxide 230b, and impurities (metal elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, silicon, and aluminum) may be present.
  • impurities metal elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, silicon, and aluminum
  • the damaged region, an impurity such as oxygen deficiency and hydrogen is likely to exist, prone to reaction of V O + H ⁇ V O H .
  • the damaged region so that V O H is heavily formed. Therefore, even if the oxide 230c is formed on the oxide 230b while leaving the damaged region, the transistor tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Further, the damaged region varies in the surface of the substrate, so that the characteristics of the semiconductor device having the transistor vary.
  • the impurities adhering to or diffused inside the surface such as oxide 230a and oxide 230b. Further, it is preferable to remove the damaged region formed on the surface of the oxide 230b by the dry etching.
  • the impurities the components contained in the insulator 280, the insulator 254, and the conductive layer 242B, the components contained in the member used in the apparatus used for forming the opening, and the gas or liquid used for etching. Examples include those caused by the contained components and the like.
  • the impurities include aluminum, silicon, tantalum, fluorine, chlorine and the like.
  • the cleaning method includes wet cleaning using a cleaning liquid, plasma treatment using plasma, cleaning by heat treatment, and the like, and the above cleanings may be appropriately combined.
  • the cleaning treatment may deepen the groove.
  • cleaning treatment may be performed using aqueous solution obtained by diluting ammonia water, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc. with carbonated water or pure water, pure water, carbonated water, or the like.
  • ultrasonic cleaning may be performed using these aqueous solutions, pure water, or carbonated water.
  • these washings may be appropriately combined.
  • a commercially available aqueous solution obtained by diluting hydrofluoric acid with pure water may be referred to as diluted hydrofluoric acid
  • a commercially available aqueous solution obtained by diluting ammonia water with pure water may be referred to as diluted ammonia water.
  • concentration, temperature, etc. of the aqueous solution may be appropriately adjusted depending on the impurities to be removed, the configuration of the semiconductor device to be washed, and the like.
  • the ammonia concentration of the diluted ammonia water may be 0.01% or more and 5% or less, preferably 0.1% or more and 0.5% or less.
  • the hydrogen fluoride concentration of the diluted hydrofluoric acid may be 0.01 ppm or more and 100 ppm or less, preferably 0.1 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less.
  • a frequency of 200 kHz or higher, preferably 900 kHz or higher is used. By using this frequency, damage to the oxide 230b and the like can be reduced.
  • the above cleaning treatment may be performed a plurality of times, and the cleaning liquid may be changed for each cleaning treatment.
  • a treatment using diluted hydrofluoric acid or diluted aqueous ammonia may be performed as the first cleaning treatment
  • a treatment using pure water or carbonated water may be performed as the second cleaning treatment.
  • wet cleaning is performed using diluted hydrofluoric acid, and then wet cleaning is performed using pure water or carbonated water.
  • impurities adhering to or diffused inside the surface such as oxide 230a and oxide 230b can be removed. Further, the crystallinity of the oxide 230c formed on the oxide 230b can be enhanced.
  • the heat treatment may be performed after the etching or the cleaning.
  • the heat treatment may be performed at 100 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, preferably 350 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
  • the heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or an inert gas, or an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of an oxidizing gas.
  • the heat treatment is preferably performed in an oxygen atmosphere. Thereby, oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b to reduce the oxygen deficiency.
  • the crystallinity of the oxide 230b can be improved, and the crystallinity of the oxide 230c formed in the groove portion of the oxide 230b can also be improved.
  • the heat treatment may be performed in a reduced pressure state.
  • the heat treatment may be continuously performed in a nitrogen atmosphere without being exposed to the atmosphere.
  • the oxide 230c having CAAC-OS can be formed in the groove of the oxide 230b from which the damaged region has been removed. Further, the damaged region may be removed by providing a groove portion on the upper portion of the oxide 230b in a cross-sectional view in the channel length direction of the transistor.
  • the heat treatment may be performed before the oxide film 230C is formed, and it is preferable that the heat treatment is performed under reduced pressure to continuously form the oxide film 230C without exposing to the atmosphere. Further, the heat treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen. By performing such a treatment, it is possible to remove the water and hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of the oxide 230b and the like, and further reduce the water concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower. In the present embodiment, the temperature of the heat treatment is set to 200 ° C.
  • the oxide film 230C is at least the inner wall of the groove formed in the oxide 230b, a part of the side surface of the oxide 243a, a part of the side surface of the oxide 243b, a part of the side surface of the conductor 242a, and the conductor 242b. It is preferable to be provided so as to be in contact with a part of the side surface of the insulator 254, a part of the side surface of the insulator 254, and a part of the side surface of the insulator 280.
  • the conductor 242a (conductor 242b) is surrounded by the oxide 243a (oxide 243b), the insulator 254, and the oxide film 230C, so that the conductivity due to the oxidation of the conductor 242a (conductor 242b) in the subsequent steps Can be suppressed.
  • a part of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas may be supplied to the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b. Further, when the oxide film 230C is formed, a part of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas may be supplied to the insulator 280. Therefore, the proportion of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas of the oxide film 230C may be 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 100%. Further, by forming the oxide film 230C in such an atmosphere containing a large amount of oxygen, the oxide film 230C can be easily converted into CAAC-OS.
  • the oxide film 230C is formed while heating the substrate. At this time, by setting the substrate temperature to 200 ° C. or higher, oxygen deficiency in the oxide film 230C and the oxide 230b can be reduced. By forming a film while heating the substrate, the crystallinity of the oxide film 230C and the oxide 230b can be improved.
  • a mask is formed on the oxide film 230C by a lithography method.
  • a hard mask may be used or a resist mask may be used.
  • a part of the oxide film 230C is selectively removed.
  • a part of the oxide film 230C may be removed by a wet etching method or the like.
  • a part of the oxide film 230C located between the transistors 200 adjacent to each other in the channel width direction can be removed.
  • the surface of the insulator 224 and the surface of the insulator 280 are exposed in the region where a part of the oxide film 230C is removed by the above step. At this time, the film thickness of the insulator 224 and the film thickness of the insulator 280 in the region may be reduced. In addition, the insulator 224 in the region may be removed to expose the surface of the insulator 222. Further, the step of forming the mask may also serve as a step of removing a part of the oxide film 230C.
  • the mask is removed (see FIGS. 12A, 12C and 12D).
  • the mask may be removed by using an etching method or the like.
  • an oxide film 230D is formed (see FIGS. 13A to 13D).
  • the proportion of oxygen contained in the sputtering gas of the oxide film 230D may be 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 100%.
  • an insulating film 250A is formed (see FIGS. 13A to 13D).
  • the heat treatment may be performed before the film formation of the insulating film 250A, and the heat treatment may be performed under reduced pressure to continuously form the insulating film 250A without exposure to the atmosphere. Further, the heat treatment is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen. By performing such a treatment, water and hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of the oxide film 230D and the like are removed, and further, water content in the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide film 230C, and the oxide film 230D is removed. The concentration and hydrogen concentration can be reduced.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
  • the insulating film 250A can be formed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like. Further, the insulating film 250A is preferably formed by a film forming method using a gas in which hydrogen atoms have been reduced or removed. Thereby, the hydrogen concentration of the insulating film 250A can be reduced. Since the insulating film 250A becomes an insulator 250 in contact with the oxide 230d in a later step, it is preferable that the hydrogen concentration is reduced in this way.
  • the insulating film as the lower layer of the insulator 250 and the insulating film as the upper layer of the insulator 250 may be continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment. preferable.
  • the film without opening it to the atmosphere it is possible to prevent impurities or moisture from the atmospheric environment from adhering to the insulating film that is the lower layer of the insulator 250, and it is insulated from the insulating film that is the lower layer of the insulator 250.
  • the vicinity of the interface with the insulating film that is the upper layer of the body 250 can be kept clean.
  • microwave treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen and under reduced pressure.
  • an electric field generated by microwaves is applied to the insulating film 250A, the oxide film 230D, the oxide film 230C, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230a, etc., and the oxide film 230D, the oxide film 230C, and the oxide 230b are provided.
  • V O H in the oxide 230a may be divided into the V O and hydrogen.
  • a part of hydrogen may be gettered on the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b.
  • the microwave treatment By performing the microwave treatment in this way, the hydrogen concentration in the insulating film 250A, the oxide film 230D, the oxide film 230C, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230a can be reduced.
  • the oxide 230a, in the oxide 230b, the oxide film 230C, and by oxygen in V O which may be present the V O H after cutting into a V O and hydrogen in the oxide film 230D is supplied V O can be repaired or supplemented.
  • the heat treatment may be performed while maintaining the reduced pressure state after the microwave treatment.
  • hydrogen in the insulating film 250A, the oxide film 230D, the oxide film 230C, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230a can be efficiently removed.
  • a part of hydrogen may be gettered on the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b.
  • the step of performing the heat treatment may be repeated a plurality of times while maintaining the reduced pressure state after the microwave treatment. By repeating the heat treatment, hydrogen in the insulating film 250A, the oxide film 230D, the oxide film 230C, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230a can be removed more efficiently.
  • the heat treatment temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
  • the film quality of the insulating film 250A by modifying the film quality of the insulating film 250A by performing microwave treatment, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of hydrogen, water, impurities and the like. Therefore, hydrogen, water, impurities, etc. are diffused to the oxide 230b, the oxide 230a, etc. through the insulator 250 by a post-process such as film formation of a conductive film to be a conductor 260 or a post-treatment such as heat treatment. It can be suppressed.
  • a post-process such as film formation of a conductive film to be a conductor 260 or a post-treatment such as heat treatment. It can be suppressed.
  • the conductive film 260A and the conductive film 260B are formed in this order (see FIGS. 14A to 14D).
  • the film formation of the conductive film 260A and the conductive film 260B can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • the conductive film 260A is formed by using the ALD method
  • the conductive film 260B is formed by using the CVD method.
  • the oxide film 230C, the oxide film 230D, the insulating film 250A, the conductive film 260A, and the conductive film 260B are polished until the insulator 280 is exposed, so that the oxide 230c, the oxide 230d, and the insulator are exposed.
  • 250 and conductor 260 are formed (see FIGS. 15A to 15D).
  • the oxide 230c is arranged so as to cover a part of the inner wall (side wall and bottom surface) of the opening reaching the oxide 230b and the groove portion of the oxide 230b.
  • the oxide 230d is arranged so as to cover the opening and the inner wall of the groove via the oxide 230c.
  • the insulator 250 is arranged so as to cover the inner wall of the opening and the groove portion via the oxide 230c and the oxide 230d.
  • the conductor 260 is arranged so as to embed the opening and the groove through the oxide 230c, the oxide 230d, and the insulator 250.
  • heat treatment may be performed.
  • the treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 400 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • the heat treatment the water concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the insulator 250 and the insulator 280 can be reduced.
  • the insulator 282 may be continuously formed without being exposed to the atmosphere.
  • the insulator 282 is formed on the oxide 230c, the oxide 230d, the insulator 250, the conductor 260, and the insulator 280 (see FIGS. 16B to 16D).
  • the film formation of the insulator 282 can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • oxygen can be added to the insulator 280 while forming the film.
  • the insulator 282 it is preferable to form the insulator 282 while heating the substrate. Further, by forming the insulator 282 in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 260, it is possible to prevent the oxygen contained in the insulator 280 from being absorbed by the conductor 260 in the subsequent heat treatment.
  • a portion is processed to form an opening that reaches the insulator 212 (see FIGS. 17A-17D).
  • the opening may be formed so as to surround the transistor 200. Alternatively, the opening may be formed so as to surround a plurality of transistors 200.
  • a part of the side surface of the body 216 and a part of the side surface of the insulator 214 are exposed.
  • Part of insulator 282, part of insulator 280, part of insulator 254, part of insulator 224, part of insulator 222, part of insulator 216, and part of insulator 214 For processing, a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used. Further, the processing may be performed under different conditions. In this step, the film thickness of the region overlapping the opening of the insulator 212 may be reduced.
  • the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film 274A are formed in this order by covering the insulator 282, the insulator 280, the insulator 254, the insulator 224, the insulator 222, the insulator 216, and the insulator 214. (See FIGS. 18B to 18D). It is preferable that the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film 274A are continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment.
  • Each of the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film 274A can be deposited by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • aluminum oxide is formed as an insulator 287 by a sputtering method.
  • oxygen can be added to the insulator 280 while forming the film.
  • silicon nitride is formed as the insulator 283 by a sputtering method.
  • the insulator 287 is in contact with the insulator 212 at the bottom surface of the opening, and the insulator 283 is in contact with the insulator 287. That is, the upper surface and the side surface of the transistor 200 are wrapped in the insulator 287 and the insulator 283, and the lower surface is wrapped in the insulator 212. In this way, by wrapping the transistor 200 with the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulator 212 having a high barrier property, it is possible to prevent moisture and hydrogen from entering from the outside.
  • a silicon oxide film is formed as the insulating film 274A by a sputtering method.
  • the insulator 287 When the insulator 287 is not provided, the insulator 283 and the insulating film 274A may be continuously formed without being exposed to the atmospheric environment.
  • the insulating film 274A is subjected to CMP treatment to form an insulator 274 having a flat upper surface (see FIGS. 19B to 19D).
  • heat treatment may be performed.
  • the treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 400 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • oxygen added to the insulator 280 can be supplied to the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b via the oxide 230c.
  • the heat treatment may be performed not only after the formation of the insulator 274 but also after the film formation of the insulator 282.
  • the insulator 254, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, the insulator 287, and the insulator 283 are formed with an opening reaching the conductor 242a and an opening reaching the conductor 242b (see FIGS. 20A and 20B). ..
  • the opening may be formed by using a lithography method.
  • the shape of the opening is circular in the top view, but the shape is not limited to this.
  • the opening may have a substantially circular shape such as an ellipse, a polygonal shape such as a quadrangle, or a polygonal shape such as a quadrangle with rounded corners when viewed from above.
  • an insulating film to be the insulator 241a and the insulator 241b is formed, and the insulating film is anisotropically etched to form the insulator 241a and the insulator 241b (see FIGS. 20A and 20B).
  • the film formation of the insulating film can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • the insulating film it is preferable to use an insulating film having a function of suppressing the permeation of oxygen.
  • a dry etching method or the like may be used for the anisotropic etching of the insulating film.
  • a dry etching method or the like may be used for the anisotropic etching of the insulating film.
  • a conductive film to be a conductor 240a and a conductor 240b is formed. It is desirable that the conductive film has a laminated structure containing a conductor having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as water and hydrogen.
  • impurities such as water and hydrogen.
  • tantalum nitride, titanium nitride and the like can be laminated with tungsten, molybdenum, copper and the like.
  • the film formation of the conductive film can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • a part of the conductive film is removed to expose the upper surfaces of the insulator 283 and the insulator 274.
  • the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b having a flat upper surface can be formed by the conductive film remaining only in the opening (see FIGS. 20A and 20B).
  • a part of the upper surface of the insulator 283 and a part of the upper surface of the insulator 274 may be removed by the CMP treatment.
  • a conductive film to be a conductor 246a and a conductor 246b is formed.
  • the film formation of the conductive film can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • the conductive film to be the conductor 246a and the conductor 246b is processed by a lithography method to form the conductor 246a in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 240a and the conductor 246b in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 240b.
  • the insulator 286 is formed on the conductor 246a, the conductor 246b, the insulator 274, and the insulator 283 (see FIGS. 4A to 4D).
  • the film formation of the insulator 286 can be performed by using a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
  • the insulator 286 may have multiple layers. For example, silicon nitride may be formed into a film by using a sputtering method, and silicon nitride may be formed on the silicon nitride by a CVD method.
  • the semiconductor device having the transistor 200 shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D can be manufactured.
  • the transistor 200 can be manufactured by using the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in the present embodiment.
  • the semiconductor device may be manufactured without performing the step shown in 19D.
  • FIG. 22A shows a top view of a semiconductor device having a transistor 200A.
  • FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line of A1-A2 in FIG. 22A.
  • FIG. 22C is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 22A.
  • FIG. 22D is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 22A.
  • some elements are omitted for the sake of clarity.
  • the same reference numerals are given to the structures having the same functions as the structures constituting the semiconductor devices shown in ⁇ Semiconductor device configuration example> and ⁇ Semiconductor device modification 1>. I will add it. In this item as well, the materials described in detail in ⁇ Semiconductor device configuration example> and ⁇ Semiconductor device modification 1> can be used as the constituent materials of the semiconductor device.
  • the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 22A to 22D is a modification of the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D.
  • the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 22A to 22D is different from the semiconductor device shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D in that it has an insulator 271a and an insulator 271b. It is also different that it does not have oxide 230c and oxide 230d.
  • an insulator 271a is provided between the conductor 242a and the insulator 254, and an insulator 271b is provided between the conductor 242b and the insulator 254.
  • the insulator 271a and the insulator 271b have a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen. This makes it possible to suppress the absorption of excess oxygen contained in the insulator 280 by the conductors 242a and 242b that function as source electrodes or drain electrodes. Further, by suppressing the oxidation of the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b, it is possible to suppress an increase in the contact resistance between the transistor and the wiring. Therefore, good electrical characteristics and reliability can be given to the transistor 200A.
  • the insulator 271a and the insulator 271b can be provided, for example, by using the same material as the insulator 254.
  • the insulating layer to be the insulator 271a and the insulator 271b and the conductive layer provided on the insulating layer function as a mask of the conductive film 242A.
  • the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b have a square end at which the side surface and the upper surface intersect.
  • the cross-sectional area of the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b becomes larger than when the end portion has a curved surface.
  • the resistance of the conductor 242a and the conductor 242b is reduced, so that the on-current of the transistor 200A can be increased.
  • the oxide 230c and the oxide 230d are not provided, it is possible to suppress the generation of a parasitic transistor between the transistor 200A and the transistor 200A adjacent to the transistor 200A, and along the conductor 260. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of leak paths. Therefore, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics and capable of miniaturization or high integration.
  • FIGS. 23A and 23B a semiconductor having a transistor 200 according to the present embodiment, which is different from that shown in the above ⁇ Semiconductor device configuration example> and the above ⁇ Semiconductor device modification 1>.
  • FIGS. 23A and 23B the structures having the same functions as the structures constituting the semiconductor devices (see FIGS. 4A to 4D) shown in ⁇ Modification example 1 of the semiconductor device> have the same reference numerals. Is added.
  • the constituent material of the transistor 200 the materials described in detail in ⁇ Semiconductor device configuration example> and ⁇ Semiconductor device modification 1> can be used.
  • FIGS. 23A and 23B show a configuration in which a plurality of transistors (transistors 200_1 to 200_n) are comprehensively sealed with an insulator 287, an insulator 283, and an insulator 212.
  • the plurality of transistors appear to be arranged in the channel length direction, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the plurality of transistors may be arranged in the channel width direction or may be arranged in a matrix. Further, depending on the design, they may be arranged without regularity.
  • a portion where the insulator 287 and the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 are in contact with each other on the outside of the plurality of transistors (transistors 200_1 to 200_n) (hereinafter, may be referred to as a sealing portion 265). Is formed.
  • the sealing portion 265 is formed so as to surround the plurality of transistors (also referred to as transistor groups). With such a structure, a plurality of transistors can be wrapped with the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulator 212. Therefore, a plurality of transistor groups surrounded by the sealing portion 265 are provided on the substrate.
  • a dicing line (sometimes referred to as a scribe line, a dividing line, or a cutting line) may be provided on the sealing portion 265. Since the substrate is divided at the dicing line, the transistor group surrounded by the sealing portion 265 is taken out as one chip.
  • FIG. 23A an example in which a plurality of transistors (transistors 200_1 to 200_n) are surrounded by one sealing portion 265 is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the plurality of transistors may be surrounded by a plurality of sealing portions.
  • the plurality of transistors are surrounded by the sealing portion 265a, and further surrounded by the outer sealing portion 265b.
  • a dicing line may be provided on the sealing portion 265a or the sealing portion 265b, or a dicing line may be provided between the sealing portion 265a and the sealing portion 265b.
  • the insulator 287 does not necessarily have to be provided.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a highly productive semiconductor device. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having little variation in transistor characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good reliability and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device having a large on-current and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • a semiconductor device capable of miniaturization or high integration, and a method for manufacturing the same. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device having low power consumption and a method for manufacturing the same can be provided.
  • a so-called multi-chamber device having a plurality of processing chambers capable of continuously forming different film types.
  • a film forming process by sputtering, CVD, ALD or the like can be performed.
  • substrate cleaning treatment plasma treatment, reverse sputtering treatment, etching treatment, ashing treatment, heat treatment and the like may be performed.
  • the insulating film, the conductive film, and the semiconductor film can be formed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • a typical example of the semiconductor film used in one aspect of the present invention is an oxide semiconductor film.
  • an oxide semiconductor film having a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density can produce a transistor having excellent electrical characteristics.
  • a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density is referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
  • the oxide semiconductor film having high purity intrinsicity or substantially high purity intrinsicity has few carrier sources, the carrier concentration can be lowered. Therefore, the transistor in which the channel forming region is formed in the oxide semiconductor film is unlikely to have an electrical characteristic (also referred to as normal on) in which the threshold voltage is negative. Further, since the oxide semiconductor film having high purity intrinsicity or substantially high purity intrinsicity has a low defect level density, the trap level density may also be low.
  • the off current is extremely small, even with an element with a channel width channel length L of 10 ⁇ m at 1 ⁇ 10 6 [mu] m, and a source electrode
  • the voltage between the drain electrodes is in the range of 1 V to 10 V, it is possible to obtain the characteristic that the off current is below the measurement limit of the semiconductor parameter analyzer, that is, 1 ⁇ 10 -13 A or less.
  • Typical examples of impurities in the oxide semiconductor film include water and hydrogen. Further, in the present specification and the like, reducing or removing water and hydrogen from the oxide semiconductor film may be referred to as dehydration or dehydrogenation. Further, the addition of oxygen to the oxide semiconductor film may be referred to as oxygenation, and the state of being oxygenated and having excess oxygen than the stoichiometric composition may be referred to as an excess oxygen state.
  • the oxide semiconductor, the insulator or conductor located in the lower layer of the oxide semiconductor, and / or the insulator or conductor located in the upper layer of the oxide semiconductor are continuously connected without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the film it is possible to form an oxide semiconductor film having a substantially high purity and intrinsicity in which the concentration of impurities (particularly hydrogen and water) is reduced.
  • the laminated structure formed before the film formation of the oxide semiconductor film or the laminated structure formed after processing the oxide semiconductor film may also be continuously formed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the concentration of impurities (particularly hydrogen and water) in the laminated structure can be reduced, and the diffusion of the impurities into the oxide semiconductor film can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 24 a semiconductor film, an insulator or a conductor located in the lower layer of the semiconductor film, and / or an insulating film or a conductive film located in the upper layer of the semiconductor film are continuously formed. be able to. Therefore, impurities (particularly hydrogen and water) that can enter the semiconductor film can be suppressed. Further, the apparatus shown in FIG.
  • the continuous film formation of a laminated structure having a semiconductor film is not limited to the continuous film formation of a laminated structure having a semiconductor film, the continuous film formation of an insulating film made of a different material, the continuous film forming of a conductive film made of a different material, and the insulating film and the conductive film. It is possible to continuously form a laminated structure.
  • FIG. 24 schematically shows a top view of the single-wafer type multi-chamber device 4000.
  • the device 4000 carries in the substrate from the atmosphere-side substrate supply chamber 4010 and the atmosphere-side substrate supply chamber 4010 to the atmosphere-side substrate transport chamber 4012, and reduces the pressure in the room from atmospheric pressure or depressurizes.
  • the load lock chamber 4020a that switches from to atmospheric pressure to atmospheric pressure
  • the unload lock chamber 4020b that carries out the substrate and switches the pressure in the room from reduced pressure to atmospheric pressure or from atmospheric pressure to reduced pressure, and transports the substrate in vacuum.
  • each of the plurality of processing rooms can perform different processing in parallel. Therefore, a laminated structure of different film types can be easily produced.
  • the parallel processing can be performed up to the number of processing rooms.
  • the device 4000 shown in FIG. 24 is a device having seven processing chambers. Therefore, using one device (also referred to as in-situ in the present specification), seven film forming processes can be continuously performed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the number of laminated structures that can be produced without opening to the atmosphere is not necessarily the same as the number of processing chambers.
  • the layers can be provided in one processing chamber, so that a laminated structure having a larger number of laminated structures than the number of installed processing chambers should be produced. Can be done.
  • the atmospheric side substrate supply chamber 4010 includes a cassette port 4014 for accommodating the substrate and an alignment port 4016 for aligning the substrate.
  • the cassette ports 4014 may have a plurality of (for example, three in FIG. 24).
  • the atmospheric board transport chamber 4012 is connected to the load lock chamber 4020a and the unload lock chamber 4020b.
  • the transfer chamber 4029 is connected to the load lock chamber 4020a, the unload lock chamber 4020b, the transfer chamber 4030, the processing chamber 4024a, the processing chamber 4024b, the processing chamber 4024c, and the processing chamber 4024d.
  • the transfer chamber 4030 is connected to the transport chamber 4029 and the transport chamber 4039.
  • the transfer chamber 4039 is connected to the transfer chamber 4030, the treatment chamber 4034a, the treatment chamber 4034b, and the treatment chamber 4034c.
  • a gate valve 4028 or a gate valve 4038 is provided at the connection portion of each chamber, and each chamber is independently held in a vacuum state except for the atmospheric side substrate supply chamber 4010 and the atmospheric side substrate transport chamber 4012. can do.
  • the atmospheric board transfer chamber 4012 has a transfer robot 4018.
  • the transport chamber 4029 has a transport robot 4026, and the transport chamber 4039 has a transport robot 4036.
  • the transfer robot 4018, the transfer robot 4026, and the transfer robot 4036 have a plurality of movable parts and an arm for holding the substrate, and can convey the substrate to each chamber.
  • the number of transport chambers, processing chambers, load lock chambers, unload lock chambers and transfer chambers is not limited to the above, and an optimum number can be appropriately provided according to the installation space and process conditions.
  • FIG. 24 shows a configuration in which one transfer chamber (transfer chamber 4030) is provided between the transport chamber 4029 and the transport chamber 4039, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a plurality of transport chambers it is preferable to have two or more transport chambers between one transport chamber and the other transport chamber.
  • two transport chambers (not shown in FIG. 24) are arranged in parallel between the transport chamber 4029 and the transport chamber 4039. ..
  • the transfer robot 4026 carries the substrate into one transfer chamber and the transfer robot 4036 carries the substrate into the other transfer chamber at the same time. be able to. Further, the step of the transfer robot 4026 carrying out the substrate from the other transfer chamber and the step of the transfer robot 4036 carrying out the substrate from one transfer chamber can be performed at the same time. That is, the production efficiency is improved by driving a plurality of transfer robots at the same time.
  • FIG. 24 an example in which one transport chamber has one transport robot and is connected to a plurality of processing chambers is shown, but the structure is not limited to this structure.
  • a plurality of transfer robots may be provided for one transfer room.
  • the transfer chamber 4029 and the transfer chamber 4039 are connected to the vacuum pump and the cryopump via a valve. Therefore, the transfer chamber 4029 and the transfer chamber 4039 use a vacuum pump to evacuate from atmospheric pressure to a low vacuum or a medium vacuum (around several hundred Pa to 0.1 Pa), then switch the valve and use a cryopump. It can be evacuated from medium vacuum to high vacuum or ultra-high vacuum (about 0.1 Pa to 1 ⁇ 10 -7 Pa).
  • cryopumps may be connected in parallel to one transport chamber.
  • Regeneration is a process of releasing molecules (or atoms) stored in a cryopump.
  • Cryopumps should be regenerated on a regular basis because the exhaust capacity will decrease if molecules (or atoms) are stored too much.
  • the processing chamber 4024a, the processing chamber 4024b, the processing chamber 4024c, the processing chamber 4024d, the processing chamber 4034a, the processing chamber 4034b, and the processing chamber 4034c can each perform different processing in parallel. That is, in each processing chamber, the installed substrate can be subjected to film formation treatment, heat treatment, or plasma treatment by sputtering, CVD, MBE, PLD, ALD, or the like. Further, in the treatment room, the film formation treatment may be performed after the heat treatment or the plasma treatment.
  • the substrate can be transported between treatments without being exposed to the atmosphere, so that it is possible to suppress the adsorption of impurities on the substrate. Further, since the film formation treatment, the heat treatment, or the plasma treatment of different film types can be performed for each treatment chamber, the order of the film formation and the heat treatment can be freely constructed.
  • each processing chamber may be connected to a vacuum pump via a valve.
  • a vacuum pump for example, a dry pump, a mechanical booster pump, or the like can be used.
  • each processing chamber may be connected to a power source capable of generating plasma.
  • a power source capable of generating plasma.
  • a DC power source an AC power source, and a high frequency (RF, microwave, etc.) power source may be provided.
  • a pulse generator may be connected to the DC power supply.
  • the processing chamber may be connected to a gas supply device and a gas purification device connected to the gas supply device.
  • the number of gas supply devices and gas purification devices may be as many as the number of gas types.
  • the processing chamber is bonded to a target, a backing plate connected to the target, and a cathode arranged to face the target via the backing plate.
  • a board and a substrate stage may be provided.
  • the substrate stage may be provided with a substrate holding mechanism for holding the substrate, a backside heater for heating the substrate from the back surface, a power supply for applying a bias to the substrate, and the like.
  • the substrate stage is held in a substantially vertical state with respect to the floor surface at the time of film formation, and is held in a substantially horizontal state with respect to the floor surface at the time of substrate delivery.
  • the substrate stage substantially perpendicular to the floor surface, the probability that dust or particles that may be mixed during film formation adheres to the substrate can be suppressed rather than being kept in a horizontal state.
  • the angle of the substrate stage with respect to the floor surface is preferably 80 ° or more and less than 90 °. ..
  • the configuration of the board stage is not limited to the above configuration.
  • the substrate stage may be configured to be substantially horizontal to the floor surface.
  • the target may be arranged below the substrate stage, and the substrate may be arranged between the target and the substrate stage.
  • the substrate stage may be provided with a jig for fixing the substrate so that the substrate does not fall, or a mechanism for fixing the substrate.
  • the protective plate in the processing chamber, it is possible to suppress the accumulation of particles sputtered from the target in an unnecessary region. Further, it is desirable that the adhesive plate is processed so that the accumulated sputtering particles do not peel off. For example, a blast treatment that increases the surface roughness, or unevenness may be provided on the surface of the protective plate.
  • the backing plate has a function of holding the target, and the cathode has a function of applying a voltage (for example, a negative voltage) to the target.
  • a voltage for example, a negative voltage
  • a conductor, an insulator, or a semiconductor can be used as the target.
  • the target is an oxide semiconductor such as a metal oxide
  • an oxide semiconductor film can be formed in the processing chamber.
  • a nitride semiconductor film can be formed by using nitrogen gas as the film forming gas.
  • each processing chamber may be connected to a gas supply device via a gas heating mechanism.
  • the gas heating mechanism is connected to the gas purification device via a gas supply device.
  • a gas having a dew point of ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower, preferably ⁇ 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 120 ° C. or lower can be used, and for example, oxygen gas, nitrogen gas, and rare gas. (Argon gas, etc.) can be used.
  • the gas heating mechanism can heat the gas introduced into the treatment chamber to 40 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower, preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
  • the number of gas heating mechanisms, gas supply devices, and gas purification devices may be as many as the number of gas types.
  • each processing chamber may be connected to a turbo molecular pump and a vacuum pump via a valve. Further, a cryotrap may be provided in each processing chamber.
  • the cryotrap is a mechanism that can adsorb molecules (or atoms) with a relatively high melting point such as water. Turbo molecular pumps are excellent in productivity because they stably exhaust large-sized molecules (or atoms) and maintenance frequency is low, but they also have low hydrogen and water exhaust capacity. Therefore, a cryotrap can be used to increase the exhaust capacity for water and the like.
  • the temperature of the cryotrap refrigerator is 100 K or less, preferably 80 K or less. Further, when the cryotrap has a plurality of refrigerators, it is preferable to change the temperature for each refrigerator because efficient exhaust can be performed. For example, the temperature of the first-stage refrigerator may be 100 K or less, and the temperature of the second-stage refrigerator may be 20 K or less.
  • the exhaust method of the processing chamber is not limited to this, and may have the same configuration as the exhaust method (exhaust method of the cryopump and the vacuum pump) shown in the connected transport chamber.
  • the exhaust method of the transport chamber may be the same as that of the processing chamber (exhaust method of the turbo molecular pump and the vacuum pump).
  • a vacuum pump and a cryotrap may be combined.
  • the exhaust method provided in the processing chamber for forming the oxide semiconductor film preferably has a function of adsorbing at least water molecules.
  • the partial pressure of hydrogen molecules is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 Pa or less and the partial pressure of water molecules is 1 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa or less.
  • the pressure in the standby state of the processing chamber for forming the oxide semiconductor film is 8.0 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa or less, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 -5 Pa or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -5. It is less than or equal to Pa.
  • the values of the partial pressure of hydrogen molecules and the partial pressure of water molecules are both values when the sputtering chamber is in the standby state and when the film formation state (plasma is in the discharge state).
  • the total pressure and partial pressure of the processing chamber can be measured using a mass spectrometer.
  • a mass spectrometer for example, a quadrupole mass spectrometer (also referred to as Q-mass) Qulee CGM-051 manufactured by ULVAC, Inc. may be used.
  • the concentration of impurities in the oxide semiconductor film formed can be reduced. ..
  • the processing chamber when heat treatment is performed in the processing chamber, the processing chamber may be provided with a plurality of heating stages capable of storing the substrate.
  • the heating stage may have a multi-stage configuration. By increasing the number of heating stages, a plurality of substrates can be heat-treated at the same time, so that productivity can be improved.
  • the heating mechanism that can be used in the processing chamber may be, for example, a heating mechanism that heats using a resistance heating element or the like. Alternatively, it may be a heating mechanism that heats by heat conduction or heat radiation from a medium such as a heated gas.
  • RTA Rapid Thermal Anneal
  • GRTA Rapid Thermal Anneal
  • LRTA Heats an object to be treated by radiation of light (electromagnetic waves) emitted from lamps such as halogen lamps, metal halide lamps, xenon arc lamps, carbon arc lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and high-pressure mercury lamps.
  • GRTA heat-treats using a high-temperature gas.
  • an inert gas is used as the gas.
  • the apparatus 4000 may be configured so that the film formation process by sputtering can be performed in six processing chambers and the heat treatment can be performed in one processing chamber.
  • a part of the configuration of the semiconductor device shown in the other embodiment can be manufactured by a laminated structure in which continuous film formation is performed in-situ.
  • the apparatus 4000 may be configured so that the film formation process by sputtering can be performed in all the processing chambers.
  • the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are continuously formed by using the device 4000. Further, the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A are continuously formed by using the apparatus 4000. Further, the insulator 254 and the insulating film 280A are continuously formed by using the apparatus 4000. Further, the insulator 282 and the insulator 283, or the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film 274A are continuously formed by using the apparatus 4000.
  • the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 can be continuously formed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the insulator 222, the insulator 224, the oxide film 230A, the oxide film 230B, and the oxide film 243A can be continuously formed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the insulator 254 and the insulating film 280A can be continuously formed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the insulator 282 and the insulator 283, or the insulator 287, the insulator 283, and the insulating film 274A can be continuously formed without opening to the atmosphere.
  • the load lock chamber 4020a may be provided with a substrate delivery stage, a backside heater that heats the substrate from the back surface, and the like.
  • the load lock chamber 4020a raises the pressure from the decompressed state to the atmospheric pressure, and when the pressure in the load lock chamber 4020a reaches the atmospheric pressure, the substrate transfer stage is released from the transfer robot 4018 provided in the atmospheric side substrate transfer chamber 4012. Receive the board. After that, the load lock chamber 4020a is evacuated to reduce the pressure, and then the transfer robot 4026 provided in the transfer chamber 4029 receives the substrate from the substrate transfer stage.
  • the load lock chamber 4020a is connected to the vacuum pump and the cryopump via a valve.
  • the unload lock chamber 4020b may have the same configuration as the load lock chamber 4020a.
  • the transfer robot 4018 can transfer the substrate between the cassette port 4014 and the load lock chamber 4020a. Further, a mechanism for suppressing the mixing of dust or particles such as a HEPA filter (High Effectivey Particulate Air Filter) may be provided above the atmospheric side substrate transport chamber 4012 and the atmospheric side substrate supply chamber 4010. In addition, the cassette port 4014 can store a plurality of boards.
  • HEPA filter High Effectivey Particulate Air Filter
  • a laminated structure having a semiconductor film and a laminated structure in the vicinity of the semiconductor film can be produced by continuous film formation. Therefore, it is possible to produce a semiconductor film having a low defect level density while suppressing impurities such as hydrogen and water incorporated into the semiconductor film.
  • FIG. 25 shows an example of a semiconductor device (storage device) according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • the transistor 200 is provided above the transistor 300, and the capacitive element 100 is provided above the transistor 300 and the transistor 200.
  • the transistor 200 the transistor 200 described in the previous embodiment can be used.
  • the transistor 200 is a transistor in which a channel is formed in a semiconductor layer having an oxide semiconductor. Since the transistor 200 has a small off-current, it is possible to retain the stored contents for a long period of time by using the transistor 200 as a storage device. That is, since the refresh operation is not required or the frequency of the refresh operation is extremely low, the power consumption of the storage device can be sufficiently reduced.
  • the wiring 1001 is electrically connected to the source of the transistor 300, and the wiring 1002 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor 300. Further, the wiring 1003 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 200, the wiring 1004 is electrically connected to the first gate of the transistor 200, and the wiring 1006 is electrically connected to the second gate of the transistor 200. It is connected to the. The gate of the transistor 300 and the other of the source and drain of the transistor 200 are electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the capacitive element 100, and the wiring 1005 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the capacitive element 100. ..
  • the storage devices shown in FIG. 25 can form a memory cell array by arranging them in a matrix.
  • the transistor 300 is provided on the substrate 311 and functions as a conductor 316 that functions as a gate, an insulator 315 that functions as a gate insulator, a semiconductor region 313 that is a part of the substrate 311 and a low that functions as a source region or a drain region. It has a resistance region 314a and a low resistance region 314b.
  • the transistor 300 may be either a p-channel type or an n-channel type.
  • the semiconductor region 313 (a part of the substrate 311) on which the channel is formed has a convex shape. Further, the side surface and the upper surface of the semiconductor region 313 are provided so as to be covered with the conductor 316 via the insulator 315.
  • the conductor 316 may be made of a material that adjusts the work function. Since such a transistor 300 utilizes the convex portion of the semiconductor substrate, it is also called a FIN type transistor. It should be noted that an insulator that is in contact with the upper portion of the convex portion and functions as a mask for forming the convex portion may be provided. Further, although the case where a part of the semiconductor substrate is processed to form a convex portion is shown here, the SOI substrate may be processed to form a semiconductor film having a convex shape.
  • transistor 300 shown in FIG. 25 is an example, and the transistor 300 is not limited to its structure, and an appropriate transistor may be used according to the circuit configuration and the driving method.
  • the capacitive element 100 is provided above the transistor 200.
  • the capacitive element 100 has a conductor 110 that functions as a first electrode, a conductor 120 that functions as a second electrode, and an insulator 130 that functions as a dielectric.
  • the insulator 130 it is preferable to use an insulator that can be used as the insulator 286 shown in the above embodiment.
  • the conductor 112 provided on the conductor 240 and the conductor 110 can be formed at the same time.
  • the conductor 112 has a function as a plug or wiring that electrically connects to the capacitance element 100, the transistor 200, or the transistor 300.
  • the conductor 112 and the conductor 110 are shown in a single-layer structure, but the structure is not limited to this, and a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
  • a conductor having a barrier property and a conductor having a high adhesion to a conductor having a high conductivity may be formed between a conductor having a barrier property and a conductor having a high conductivity.
  • the insulator 130 is, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium oxide, hafnium nitride, hafnium nitride. Or the like may be used, and it can be provided in a laminated or single layer.
  • the capacitance element 100 can secure a sufficient capacitance by having an insulator having a high dielectric constant (high-k), and by having an insulator having a large dielectric strength, the dielectric strength is improved and the capacitance is improved.
  • the electrostatic breakdown of the element 100 can be suppressed.
  • the high dielectric constant (high-k) materials include gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, oxides having aluminum and hafnium, nitrides having aluminum and hafnium, silicon, and the like. There are oxides with hafnium, nitrides with silicon and hafnium, or nitrides with silicon and hafnium.
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide with fluorine added, silicon oxide with carbon added, carbon and nitrogen are used as materials with high dielectric strength (materials with low relative permittivity).
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide with fluorine added, silicon oxide with carbon added, carbon and nitrogen are used as materials with high dielectric strength (materials with low relative permittivity).
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide with fluorine added, silicon oxide with carbon added, carbon and nitrogen are used as materials with high dielectric strength (materials with low relative permittivity).
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide with fluorine added, silicon oxide with carbon added, carbon and nitrogen are used as materials with high dielectric strength (materials with low relative permittivity).
  • a wiring layer provided with an interlayer film, wiring, a plug, etc. may be provided between the structures. Further, a plurality of wiring layers can be provided according to the design.
  • the conductor having a function as a plug or wiring may collectively give a plurality of structures the same reference numerals. Further, in the present specification and the like, the wiring and the plug electrically connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, a part of the conductor may function as a wiring, and a part of the conductor may function as a plug.
  • an insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are laminated in this order on the transistor 300 as an interlayer film. Further, the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 are embedded with a capacitance element 100, a conductor 328 electrically connected to the transistor 200, a conductor 330, and the like. The conductor 328 and the conductor 330 function as plugs or wirings.
  • the insulator that functions as an interlayer film may function as a flattening film that covers the uneven shape below the insulator.
  • the upper surface of the insulator 322 may be flattened by a flattening treatment using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like in order to improve the flatness.
  • CMP chemical mechanical polishing
  • a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 326 and the conductor 330.
  • the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354 are laminated in this order.
  • a conductor 356 is formed on the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354. The conductor 356 functions as a plug or wiring.
  • the insulator 210, the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are embedded with a conductor 218, a conductor (conductor 205) constituting the transistor 200, and the like.
  • the conductor 218 has a function as a plug or wiring for electrically connecting to the capacitance element 100 or the transistor 300.
  • an insulator 150 is provided on the conductor 120 and the insulator 130.
  • the insulator 217 is provided in contact with the side surface of the conductor 218 that functions as a plug.
  • the insulator 217 is provided in contact with the side wall of the opening formed in the insulator 210, the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216. That is, the insulator 217 is provided between the conductor 218 and the insulator 210, the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216. Since the conductor 205 can be formed in parallel with the conductor 218, the insulator 217 may be formed in contact with the side surface of the conductor 205.
  • an insulator such as silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, or silicon nitride may be used. Since the insulator 217 is provided in contact with the insulator 212, the insulator 214, and the insulator 222, impurities such as water or hydrogen from the insulator 210 or the insulator 216 or the like are mixed into the oxide 230 through the conductor 218. Can be suppressed.
  • silicon nitride is suitable because it has a high blocking property against hydrogen. Further, it is possible to prevent oxygen contained in the insulator 210 or the insulator 216 from being absorbed by the conductor 218.
  • the insulator 217 can be formed in the same manner as the insulator 241a and the insulator 241b.
  • the PEALD method may be used to form a film of silicon nitride, and anisotropic etching may be used to form an opening that reaches the conductor 356.
  • Examples of the insulator that can be used as the interlayer film include oxides, nitrides, oxide nitrides, nitride oxides, metal oxides, metal oxide nitrides, and metal nitride oxides having insulating properties.
  • the material may be selected according to the function of the insulator.
  • the insulator 150, the insulator 210, the insulator 352, the insulator 354, and the like have an insulator having a low relative permittivity.
  • the insulator may have silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine has been added, silicon oxide to which carbon has been added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen have been added, silicon oxide or resin having pores, and the like.
  • the insulator may be silicon oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, or silicon oxide having pores. It is preferable to have a laminated structure with the resin.
  • silicon oxide and silicon oxide nitride are thermally stable, they can be combined with a resin to form a laminated structure that is thermally stable and has a low relative permittivity.
  • the resin include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimide, polycarbonate, acrylic, and the like.
  • a transistor using an oxide semiconductor can stabilize the electrical characteristics of the transistor by surrounding it with an insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, as the insulator 214, the insulator 212, the insulator 350, and the like, an insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen may be used.
  • Examples of the insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen include boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, argon, gallium, germanium, yttrium, and zirconium. Insulators containing, lantern, neodymium, hafnium or tantalum may be used in single layers or in layers.
  • an insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide or Metal oxides such as tantalum oxide, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride and the like can be used.
  • Conductors that can be used for wiring and plugs include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, and indium.
  • a material containing at least one metal element selected from ruthenium and the like can be used.
  • a semiconductor having high electric conductivity typified by polycrystalline silicon containing an impurity element such as phosphorus, and silicide such as nickel silicide may be used.
  • the conductor 328, the conductor 330, the conductor 356, the conductor 218, the conductor 112, and the like include a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, a metal oxide material, and the like formed of the above materials.
  • a metal material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten.
  • it is preferably formed of a low resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper. Wiring resistance can be reduced by using a low resistance conductive material.
  • an insulator having an excess oxygen region may be provided in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor. In that case, it is preferable to provide an insulator having a barrier property between the insulator having the excess oxygen region and the conductor provided in the insulator having the excess oxygen region.
  • an insulator 241 between the insulator 224 and the insulator 280 having excess oxygen and the conductor 240 it is preferable to provide an insulator 241 between the insulator 224 and the insulator 280 having excess oxygen and the conductor 240.
  • the insulator 241 in contact with the insulator 222, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283, the insulator 224 and the transistor 200 are configured to be sealed by an insulator having a barrier property. Can be done.
  • the insulator 241 it is possible to suppress the excess oxygen contained in the insulator 224 and the insulator 280 from being absorbed by the conductor 240. Further, by having the insulator 241, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of hydrogen, which is an impurity, to the transistor 200 via the conductor 240.
  • an insulating material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen and oxygen it is preferable to use silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide.
  • silicon nitride is preferable because it has a high blocking property against hydrogen.
  • metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, and tantalum oxide can be used.
  • the transistor 200 is sealed with the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283. With such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the mixing of impurities (particularly hydrogen and water) contained in the insulator 274, the insulator 150 and the like into the insulator 280 and the like.
  • An insulator 287 may be provided between the transistor 200 and the insulator 283.
  • the conductor 240 penetrates the insulator 283 and the insulator 282, and the conductor 218 penetrates the insulator 214 and the insulator 212.
  • the insulator 241 penetrates the conductor 240.
  • the insulator 217 is provided in contact with the conductor 218. Thereby, hydrogen mixed in the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283 can be reduced through the conductor 240 and the conductor 218.
  • the transistor 200 is more reliably sealed with the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, the insulator 283, the insulator 241 and the insulator 217, and hydrogen and the like contained in the insulator 274 and the like are contained. It is possible to reduce the mixing of impurities into the transistor 200.
  • the insulator 216, the insulator 224, the insulator 280, the insulator 250, and the insulator 274 are formed by a film forming method using a gas in which hydrogen atoms are reduced or removed, as shown in the previous embodiment. It is preferably formed. Thereby, the hydrogen concentration of the insulator 216, the insulator 224, the insulator 280, the insulator 250, and the insulator 274 can be reduced.
  • the hydrogen concentration of the silicon-based insulating film in the vicinity of the transistor 200 can be reduced, and the hydrogen concentration of the oxide 230 can be reduced.
  • a dicing line (sometimes referred to as a scribe line, a division line, or a cutting line) provided when a plurality of semiconductor devices are taken out in a chip shape by dividing a large-area substrate into semiconductor elements will be described. ..
  • a dividing method for example, there is a case where a groove (dicing line) for dividing a semiconductor element is first formed on a substrate, then the dicing line is cut, and the semiconductor device is divided (divided) into a plurality of semiconductor devices.
  • the region where the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 are in contact overlap with the dicing line it is preferable to design so that the region where the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 are in contact overlap with the dicing line. That is, in the vicinity of the region serving as the dicing line provided on the outer edge of the memory cell having the plurality of transistors 200, the insulator 282, the insulator 280, the insulator 254, the insulator 224, the insulator 222, the insulator 216, and the insulator.
  • An opening is provided in 214.
  • the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 come into contact with each other at the openings provided in the insulator 282, the insulator 280, the insulator 254, the insulator 224, the insulator 222, the insulator 216, and the insulator 214.
  • the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 may be formed by using the same material and the same method.
  • the adhesion can be improved. For example, it is preferable to use silicon nitride.
  • the transistor 200 can be wrapped by the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283. Since at least one of the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, hydrogen, and water, the semiconductor element shown in the present embodiment is formed. By dividing the substrate for each circuit region, even if it is processed into a plurality of chips, impurities such as hydrogen or water are prevented from being mixed in from the side surface direction of the divided substrate and diffused to the transistor 200. Can be done.
  • the structure can prevent the excess oxygen of the insulator 280 and the insulator 224 from diffusing to the outside. Therefore, the excess oxygen of the insulator 280 and the insulator 224 is efficiently supplied to the oxide in which the channel is formed in the transistor 200.
  • the oxygen can reduce the oxygen deficiency of the oxide in which the channel is formed in the transistor 200.
  • the oxide in which the channel is formed in the transistor 200 can be made into an oxide semiconductor having a low defect level density and stable characteristics. That is, it is possible to suppress fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 200 and improve reliability.
  • the shape of the capacitance element 100 is a planar type, but the storage device shown in the present embodiment is not limited to this.
  • the shape of the capacitance element 100 may be a cylinder type.
  • the storage device shown in FIG. 26 has the same configuration as the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 25 in the configuration below the insulator 150.
  • the insulator 150 is provided on the insulator 130, and the insulator 142 is provided on the insulator 150. An opening is formed in the insulator 150 and the insulator 142.
  • the capacitive element 100 shown in FIG. 26 has a conductor 115, an insulator 145 on the conductor 115 and an insulator 142, and a conductor 125 on the insulator 145.
  • a conductor 115, the insulator 145, and the conductor 125 is arranged in the opening.
  • the conductor 115 functions as a lower electrode of the capacitance element 100
  • the conductor 125 functions as an upper electrode of the capacitance element 100
  • the insulator 145 functions as a dielectric of the capacitance element 100.
  • the capacitance element 100 has a configuration in which the upper electrode and the lower electrode face each other with a dielectric sandwiched not only on the bottom surface but also on the side surface at the openings of the insulator 150 and the insulator 142, and the capacitance per unit area
  • the capacity can be increased. Therefore, the deeper the depth of the opening, the larger the capacitance of the capacitance element 100 can be.
  • An insulator 152 is provided on the conductor 125 and the insulator 145.
  • an insulator that can be used for the insulator 280 may be used.
  • the insulator 142 preferably functions as an etching stopper when forming an opening of the insulator 150, and an insulator that can be used for the insulator 214 may be used.
  • the shape of the openings formed in the insulator 150 and the insulator 142 as viewed from above may be a quadrangle, a polygonal shape other than the quadrangle, or a polygonal shape with curved corners. , It may be a circular shape including an ellipse.
  • it is preferable that the area where the opening and the transistor 200 overlap is large. With such a configuration, the occupied area of the semiconductor device having the capacitance element 100 and the transistor 200 can be reduced.
  • the conductor 115 is arranged in contact with the insulator 142 and the opening formed in the insulator 150. It is preferable that the upper surface of the conductor 115 substantially coincides with the upper surface of the insulator 142. Further, the lower surface of the conductor 115 is in contact with the conductor 110 through the opening of the insulator 130.
  • the conductor 115 is preferably formed by using an ALD method, a CVD method, or the like, and for example, a conductor that can be used for the conductor 205 may be used.
  • the insulator 145 is arranged so as to cover the conductor 115 and the insulator 142.
  • the insulator 145 is, for example, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxide, hafnium oxide, hafnium oxide, nitrided. Hafnium or the like may be used, and it can be provided in a laminated or single layer.
  • an insulating film in which zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide are laminated in this order can be used.
  • a material having a large dielectric strength such as silicon oxide or a material having a high dielectric constant (high-k) for the insulator 145.
  • a laminated structure of a material having a large dielectric strength and a high dielectric constant (high-k) material may be used.
  • High-k-k materials include gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, oxides having aluminum and hafnium, nitride nitrides having aluminum and hafnium, silicon, and the like. There are oxides with hafnium, oxide nitrides with silicon and hafnium, nitrides with silicon and hafnium, and the like. By using such a high-k material, it is possible to sufficiently secure the capacitance of the capacitance element 100 even if the insulator 145 is thickened. By increasing the thickness of the insulator 145, the leakage current generated between the conductor 115 and the conductor 125 can be suppressed.
  • silicon oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, and vacancies are used as materials having a large dielectric strength.
  • silicon oxide, resin, etc. an insulating film laminated in the order of silicon nitride formed by the ALD method, silicon oxide formed by the PEALD method, and silicon nitride formed by the ALD method can be used.
  • the conductor 125 is arranged so as to fill the openings formed in the insulator 142 and the insulator 150. Further, the conductor 125 is electrically connected to the wiring 1005 via the conductor 140 and the conductor 153.
  • the conductor 125 is preferably formed by using an ALD method, a CVD method, or the like, and for example, a conductor that can be used for the conductor 205 may be used.
  • the conductor 153 is provided on the insulator 154 and is covered with the insulator 156.
  • a conductor that can be used for the conductor 112 may be used, and as the insulator 156, an insulator that can be used for the insulator 152 may be used.
  • the conductor 153 is in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 140, and functions as a terminal of the capacitive element 100, the transistor 200, or the transistor 300.
  • FIG. 27 shows an example of a semiconductor device (storage device) in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device having a memory device 290.
  • the memory device 290 shown in FIG. 27 has a capacitive device 292 in addition to the transistor 200 shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D.
  • FIG. 27 corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the transistor 200 in the channel length direction.
  • the same reference numerals are added to the structures having the same functions as the structures constituting the semiconductor devices shown in the previous embodiment.
  • the materials described in detail in the previous embodiment can be used as the constituent materials of the semiconductor device.
  • the memory device 290 is sealed with the insulator 283 and the insulator 212. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress the mixing of impurities (particularly hydrogen and water) into the memory device 290.
  • the insulator 287 may be provided between the memory device 290 and the insulator 283.
  • the capacitance device 292 includes a conductor 242b, an insulator 293 provided on the conductor 242b, and a conductor 294 provided on the insulator 293. That is, the capacitance device 292 constitutes a MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) capacitance.
  • One of the pair of electrodes of the capacitive device 292, that is, the conductor 242b, can also serve as a source electrode or a drain electrode of the transistor. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of the capacitive device 292, a part of the manufacturing process of the transistor can also be used, so that the semiconductor device can be highly productive. Further, it is possible to reduce the area in which the transistor and the capacitive device are arranged.
  • a material that can be used for the conductor 240 may be used.
  • insulator 293 for example, a laminated structure of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide may be used. Further, for example, a material that can be used for the insulator 130 may be used, and it may be provided in a laminated or single layer.
  • a wiring layer may be provided on the memory device 290.
  • an insulator 160 that functions as an interlayer film is provided on the transistor 200 and on the capacitive device 292.
  • a conductor 166 that is electrically connected to the transistor 200 is embedded in the insulator 283 and the insulator 160. The conductor 166 functions as a plug or wiring.
  • a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 160 and the conductor 166.
  • the insulator 162 and the insulator 164 are laminated in this order.
  • a conductor 168 is embedded in the insulator 162 and the insulator 164.
  • the conductor 168 functions as a plug or wiring.
  • the insulator 160 and the insulator 164 have an insulator having a low relative permittivity.
  • an insulator that can be used for the insulator 352 or the like may be used as the insulator 160 and the insulator 164.
  • an insulator having a function of suppressing the permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen may be used.
  • an insulator that can be used for the insulator 350 or the like may be used.
  • FIG. 28 shows a cross-sectional view of a storage device in which five layers having a memory device 290 are laminated. As shown in FIG. 28, the memory device 290 is electrically connected to a different memory device 290 via the conductor 240 and the conductor 166.
  • a plurality of memory devices may be included and sealed with the insulator 283 and the insulator 212.
  • the hydrogen concentration of the transistor 200 can be lowered by forming a film on a part of the structure constituting the transistor 200 and a part of the structure provided around the transistor 200 by using a sputtering method. Therefore, even when a different transistor 200 is manufactured above the transistor 200, the hydrogen concentration of the transistor 200 located below can be kept low. Therefore, in the case where the memory devices 290 are stacked, the hydrogen concentration in the transistor 200 can be lowered by comprehensively sealing the plurality of memory devices without individually sealing the memory devices 290. Can be done.
  • the sealing of the plurality of memory devices by the insulator 283 and the insulator 212 may be performed comprehensively for all of the plurality of memory devices, or may be performed comprehensively for each part.
  • the insulator 214 and the insulator 282 may not be provided. As a result, the number of manufacturing steps of the storage device can be reduced.
  • the memory devices can be integrated and arranged without increasing the occupied area of the memory devices. That is, a 3D memory device can be configured.
  • each layer may have a plurality of memory devices, and the plurality of memory devices may be arranged in the channel length direction or in the channel width direction. They may be arranged side by side or arranged in a matrix. Further, depending on the design, they may be arranged without regularity.
  • FIGS. 29A, 29B, and 30 a semiconductor device having the transistor 200 and the capacitance device 292 in the present embodiment, which is different from the semiconductor device shown in the above ⁇ configuration example of the memory device>.
  • FIGS. 29A, 29B, and 30 the same reference numerals are given to the structures having the same functions as the structures constituting the semiconductor devices shown in the previous embodiment and FIG. 27.
  • the constituent materials of the transistor 200 and the capacitance device 292 the materials described in detail in the above-described embodiment and the above ⁇ memory device configuration example> can be used.
  • the memory device 600 includes a transistor 200a, a transistor 200b, a capacitive device 292a, and a capacitive device 292b.
  • FIG. 29A is a top view of the semiconductor device having the memory device 600. Further, FIG. 29B is a cross-sectional view of a portion shown by a chain line of A1-A2 in FIG. 29A, and is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b in the channel length direction. In the top view of FIG. 29A, some elements are omitted for the purpose of clarifying the figure.
  • the memory device 600 has a line-symmetrical configuration with the alternate long and short dash line of A3-A4 as the axis of symmetry.
  • One of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the transistor 200a and one of the source electrode or the drain electrode of the transistor 200b are configured by the conductor 242c.
  • the conductor 240c also serves as the conductor that is electrically connected to the transistor 200a and functions as a plug, and the conductor that is electrically connected to the transistor 200b and functions as a plug.
  • an insulator 241c is provided in contact with the side surface of the conductor 240c.
  • the configuration examples of the semiconductor devices shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D and 27 can be referred to.
  • FIG. 30 shows an example in which the memory unit 470 has a transistor layer 413 having a transistor 200T and four memory device layers 415 (memory device layer 415_1 to memory device layer 415_4).
  • the memory device layer 415_1 to the memory device layer 415_1 each have a plurality of memory devices 420.
  • the memory device 420 for example, the memory device 290 shown in FIG. 27 or the memory device 600 shown in FIGS. 29A and 29B can be used.
  • the memory device 420 is electrically connected to the memory device 420 of the different memory device layers 415 and the transistor 200T of the transistor layer 413 via the conductor 424 and the conductor 166.
  • the memory unit 470 is sealed by the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283 (for convenience, hereinafter referred to as a sealing structure).
  • An insulator 274 is provided around the insulator 283. Further, the insulator 274, the insulator 283, and the insulator 212 are provided with a conductor 440, which is electrically connected to the element layer 411.
  • An insulator 287 may be provided between the memory unit 470 and the insulator 283.
  • the insulator 212 and the insulator 283 are materials having a high blocking property against hydrogen. Further, the insulator 214 and the insulator 282 are preferably materials having a function of capturing hydrogen or fixing hydrogen.
  • the material having a high blocking property against hydrogen includes silicon nitride, silicon nitride, and the like.
  • Examples of the material having a function of capturing hydrogen or fixing hydrogen include aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and oxides containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate).
  • the crystal structure of the materials used for the insulator 212, the insulator 214, the insulator 282, and the insulator 283 is not particularly limited, but may be an amorphous or crystalline structure.
  • Amorphous aluminum oxide may capture and adhere more hydrogen than highly crystalline aluminum oxide.
  • the insulator 282 and the insulator 214 are also provided between the transistor layer 413 and the memory device layer 415_1, or between each memory device layer 415. Further, it is preferable that the insulator 296 is provided between the insulator 282 and the insulator 214.
  • the same material as the insulator 283 can be used. Alternatively, silicon oxide or silicon oxide nitride can be used. Alternatively, a known insulating material may be used.
  • an insulator 280 is provided inside the sealing structure.
  • the insulator 280 has a function of releasing oxygen by heating.
  • the insulator 280 has an excess oxygen region.
  • the excess oxygen in the insulator 280 can be considered as the following model for the diffusion of hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor in contact with the insulator 280.
  • Hydrogen present in the oxide semiconductor diffuses into other structures via the insulator 280 in contact with the oxide semiconductor.
  • the hydrogen forms an OH bond with excess oxygen in the insulator 280 and diffuses in the insulator 280 as OH.
  • a hydrogen atom having an OH bond reaches an atom (for example, a metal atom) in the insulator 282 when it reaches a material having a function of capturing hydrogen or fixing hydrogen (typically, an insulator 282). ), Reacts with the oxygen atom and is captured or fixed in the insulator 282.
  • excess oxygen having an OH bond is presumed to remain in the insulator 280 as excess oxygen. That is, it is highly probable that the excess oxygen in the insulator 280 plays a bridging role in the diffusion of the hydrogen.
  • an insulator 280 having excess oxygen is formed on an oxide semiconductor, and then an insulator 282 is formed. After that, it is preferable to perform heat treatment. Specifically, the heat treatment is carried out in an atmosphere containing oxygen, an atmosphere containing nitrogen, or a mixed atmosphere of oxygen and nitrogen at a temperature of 350 ° C. or higher, preferably 400 ° C. or higher.
  • the heat treatment time is 1 hour or longer, preferably 4 hours or longer, and more preferably 8 hours or longer.
  • hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor can be diffused to the outside through the insulator 280 and the insulator 282. That is, the absolute amount of the oxide semiconductor and hydrogen existing in the vicinity of the oxide semiconductor can be reduced.
  • an insulator 283 is formed. Since the insulator 283 is a material having a high blocking property against hydrogen, hydrogen diffused to the outside or hydrogen existing outside enters the inside, specifically, the oxide semiconductor or the insulator 280 side. Can be suppressed.
  • the heat treatment may be performed after the transistor layer 413 is formed or after the memory device layer 415_1 to the memory device layer 415_3 are formed. Further, when hydrogen is diffused outward by the above heat treatment, hydrogen is diffused above or in the lateral direction of the transistor layer 413. Similarly, when the heat treatment is performed after the memory device layer 415_1 to the memory device layer 415_3 are formed, hydrogen is diffused upward or laterally.
  • the above-mentioned sealing structure is formed by adhering the insulator 212 and the insulator 283.
  • an OS transistor a transistor using an oxide as a semiconductor
  • a storage device to which a capacitive element is applied hereinafter, may be referred to as an OS memory device
  • the OS memory device is a storage device having at least a capacitance element and an OS transistor that controls charging / discharging of the capacitance element. Since the off-current of the OS transistor is extremely small, the OS memory device has excellent holding characteristics and can function as a non-volatile memory.
  • FIG. 31A shows an example of the configuration of the OS memory device.
  • the storage device 1400 has a peripheral circuit 1411 and a memory cell array 1470.
  • the peripheral circuit 1411 includes a row circuit 1420, a column circuit 1430, an output circuit 1440, and a control logic circuit 1460.
  • the column circuit 1430 includes, for example, a column decoder, a precharge circuit, a sense amplifier, a writing circuit, and the like.
  • the precharge circuit has a function of precharging the wiring.
  • the sense amplifier has a function of amplifying a data signal read from a memory cell.
  • the wiring is the wiring connected to the memory cell of the memory cell array 1470, and will be described in detail later.
  • the amplified data signal is output to the outside of the storage device 1400 as a data signal RDATA via the output circuit 1440.
  • the row circuit 1420 has, for example, a row decoder, a word line driver circuit, and the like, and can select the row to be accessed.
  • a low power supply voltage (VSS), a high power supply voltage (VDD) for the peripheral circuit 1411, and a high power supply voltage (VIL) for the memory cell array 1470 are supplied to the storage device 1400 from the outside as power supply voltages. Further, a control signal (CE, WE, RE), an address signal ADDR, and a data signal WDATA are input to the storage device 1400 from the outside.
  • the address signal ADDR is input to the row decoder and column decoder, and the data signal WDATA is input to the write circuit.
  • the control logic circuit 1460 processes the control signals (CE, WE, RE) input from the outside to generate the control signals of the row decoder and the column decorator.
  • the control signal CE is a chip enable signal
  • the control signal WE is a write enable signal
  • the control signal RE is a read enable signal.
  • the signal processed by the control logic circuit 1460 is not limited to this, and other control signals may be input as needed.
  • the memory cell array 1470 has a plurality of memory cell MCs arranged in a matrix and a plurality of wirings.
  • the number of wires connecting the memory cell array 1470 and the row circuit 1420 is determined by the configuration of the memory cell MC, the number of memory cell MCs in a row, and the like. Further, the number of wirings connecting the memory cell array 1470 and the column circuit 1430 is determined by the configuration of the memory cell MC, the number of memory cell MCs in one row, and the like.
  • FIG. 31A shows an example in which the peripheral circuit 1411 and the memory cell array 1470 are formed on the same plane
  • the present embodiment is not limited to this.
  • the memory cell array 1470 may be provided so as to overlap a part of the peripheral circuit 1411.
  • a sense amplifier may be provided so as to overlap under the memory cell array 1470.
  • 32A to 32H show examples of memory cell configurations applicable to the above-mentioned memory cell MC.
  • [DOSRAM] 32A to 32C show examples of circuit configurations of DRAM memory cells.
  • a DRAM using a memory cell of a 1OS transistor and 1 capacitance element type may be referred to as a DOSRAM (Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory).
  • the memory cell 1471 shown in FIG. 32A includes a transistor M1 and a capacitive element CA.
  • the transistor M1 has a gate (sometimes called a top gate) and a back gate.
  • the first terminal of the transistor M1 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element CA, the second terminal of the transistor M1 is connected to the wiring BIL, the gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the wiring WOL, and the back gate of the transistor M1. Is connected to the wiring BGL.
  • the second terminal of the capacitive element CA is connected to the wiring CAL.
  • the wiring BIL functions as a bit line
  • the wiring WOL functions as a word line.
  • the wiring CAL functions as wiring for applying a predetermined potential to the second terminal of the capacitive element CA. It is preferable to apply a low level potential to the wiring CAL when writing and reading data.
  • the wiring BGL functions as wiring for applying a potential to the back gate of the transistor M1.
  • the threshold voltage of the transistor M1 can be increased or decreased by applying an arbitrary potential to the wiring BGL.
  • the memory cell 1471 shown in FIG. 32A corresponds to the storage device shown in FIG. 27. That is, the transistor M1 corresponds to the transistor 200, and the capacitive element CA corresponds to the capacitive device 292.
  • the memory cell MC is not limited to the memory cell 1471, and the circuit configuration can be changed.
  • the memory cell MC may have a configuration in which the back gate of the transistor M1 is connected to the wiring WOL instead of the wiring BGL, as in the memory cell 1472 shown in FIG. 32B.
  • the memory cell MC may be a memory cell composed of a transistor having a single gate structure, that is, a transistor M1 having no back gate, as in the memory cell 1473 shown in FIG. 32C.
  • a transistor 200 can be used as the transistor M1 and a capacitance element 100 can be used as the capacitance element CA.
  • an OS transistor as the transistor M1
  • the leakage current of the transistor M1 can be made very small. That is, since the written data can be held by the transistor M1 for a long time, the frequency of refreshing the memory cells can be reduced. Alternatively, the memory cell refresh operation can be eliminated. Further, since the leak current is very small, multi-valued data or analog data can be held in the memory cell 1471, the memory cell 1472, and the memory cell 1473.
  • the sense amplifier is provided so as to overlap under the memory cell array 1470 as described above, the bit line can be shortened. As a result, the bit line capacity is reduced, and the holding capacity of the memory cell can be reduced.
  • [NOSRAM] 32D to 32G show a circuit configuration example of a gain cell type memory cell having two transistors and one capacitance element.
  • the memory cell 1474 shown in FIG. 32D includes a transistor M2, a transistor M3, and a capacitance element CB.
  • the transistor M2 has a top gate (sometimes referred to simply as a gate) and a back gate.
  • NOSRAM Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor RAM
  • the first terminal of the transistor M2 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element CB, the second terminal of the transistor M2 is connected to the wiring WBL, the gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the wiring WOL, and the back gate of the transistor M2. Is connected to the wiring BGL.
  • the second terminal of the capacitive element CB is connected to the wiring CAL.
  • the first terminal of the transistor M3 is connected to the wiring RBL, the second terminal of the transistor M3 is connected to the wiring SL, and the gate of the transistor M3 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitive element CB.
  • the wiring WBL functions as a write bit line
  • the wiring RBL functions as a read bit line
  • the wiring WOL functions as a word line.
  • the wiring CAL functions as wiring for applying a predetermined potential to the second terminal of the capacitance element CB. It is preferable to apply a low level potential to the wiring CAL during data writing, data retention, and data reading.
  • the wiring BGL functions as wiring for applying an electric potential to the back gate of the transistor M2.
  • the threshold voltage of the transistor M2 can be increased or decreased by applying an arbitrary potential to the wiring BGL.
  • the memory cell 1474 shown in FIG. 32D corresponds to the storage device shown in FIG. 25. That is, the transistor M2 is in the transistor 200, the capacitive element CB is in the capacitive element 100, the transistor M3 is in the transistor 300, the wiring WBL is in the wiring 1003, the wiring WOL is in the wiring 1004, the wiring BGL is in the wiring 1006, and the wiring CAL is in the wiring 1006.
  • the wiring RBL corresponds to the wiring 1002
  • the wiring SL corresponds to the wiring 1001.
  • the memory cell MC is not limited to the memory cell 1474, and the circuit configuration can be appropriately changed.
  • the memory cell MC may have a configuration in which the back gate of the transistor M2 is connected to the wiring WOL instead of the wiring BGL, as in the memory cell 1475 shown in FIG. 32E.
  • the memory cell MC may be a memory cell composed of a transistor having a single gate structure, that is, a transistor M2 having no back gate, as in the memory cell 1476 shown in FIG. 32F.
  • the memory cell MC may have a configuration in which the wiring WBL and the wiring RBL are combined as one wiring BIL, as in the memory cell 1477 shown in FIG. 32G.
  • a transistor 200 can be used as the transistor M2
  • a transistor 300 can be used as the transistor M3
  • a capacitance element 100 can be used as the capacitance element CB.
  • OS transistor an OS transistor
  • the leakage current of the transistor M2 can be made very small.
  • the written data can be held by the transistor M2 for a long time, so that the frequency of refreshing the memory cells can be reduced.
  • the memory cell refresh operation can be eliminated.
  • the leak current is very small, multi-valued data or analog data can be held in the memory cell 1474. The same applies to the memory cells 1475 to 1477.
  • the transistor M3 may be a transistor having silicon in the channel forming region (hereinafter, may be referred to as a Si transistor).
  • the conductive type of the Si transistor may be an n-channel type or a p-channel type.
  • the Si transistor may have higher field effect mobility than the OS transistor. Therefore, a Si transistor may be used as the transistor M3 that functions as a readout transistor. Further, by using a Si transistor for the transistor M3, since the transistor M2 can be provided by stacking on the transistor M3, the occupied area of the memory cell can be reduced and the storage device can be highly integrated.
  • the transistor M3 may be an OS transistor.
  • an OS transistor is used for the transistor M2 and the transistor M3, the circuit can be configured by using only the n-type transistor in the memory cell array 1470.
  • FIG. 32H shows an example of a gain cell type memory cell having a 3-transistor and 1-capacity element.
  • the memory cell 1478 shown in FIG. 32H includes transistors M4 to M6 and a capacitive element CC.
  • the capacitive element CC is appropriately provided.
  • the memory cell 1478 is electrically connected to the wiring BIL, the wiring RWL, the wiring WWL, the wiring BGL, and the wiring GNDL.
  • Wiring GNDL is a wiring that gives a low level potential. Note that the memory cell 1478 may be electrically connected to the wiring RBL and the wiring WBL instead of the wiring BIL.
  • Transistor M4 is an OS transistor having a back gate, and the back gate is electrically connected to the wiring BGL.
  • the back gate and the gate of the transistor M4 may be electrically connected to each other. Alternatively, the transistor M4 does not have to have a back gate.
  • the transistor M5 and the transistor M6 may be an n-channel Si transistor or a p-channel Si transistor, respectively.
  • the transistor M4 to the transistor M6 may be an OS transistor.
  • the memory cell array 1470 can be configured by using only n-type transistors.
  • the transistor 200 can be used as the transistor M4
  • the transistor 300 can be used as the transistor M5 and the transistor M6, and the capacitance element 100 can be used as the capacitance element CC.
  • the leakage current of the transistor M4 can be made very small.
  • the configurations of the peripheral circuit 1411, the memory cell array 1470, and the like shown in the present embodiment are not limited to the above.
  • the arrangement or function of these circuits and the wiring, circuit elements, etc. connected to the circuits may be changed, deleted, or added as necessary.
  • FIG. 33 shows various storage devices for each layer.
  • a storage device located in the upper layer is required to have a faster access speed, and a storage device located in the lower layer is required to have a large storage capacity and a high recording density.
  • FIG. 33 shows, in order from the top layer, a memory, a SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), and a 3D NAND memory, which are mixedly loaded as registers in an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU.
  • SRAM Static Random Access Memory
  • DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • 3D NAND memory which are mixedly loaded as registers in an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU.
  • the memory that is mixedly loaded as a register in an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU is used for temporary storage of arithmetic results, and therefore is frequently accessed from the arithmetic processing unit. Therefore, an operation speed faster than the storage capacity is required.
  • the register also has a function of holding setting information of the arithmetic processing unit.
  • SRAM is used, for example, for cache.
  • the cache has a function of duplicating and holding a part of the information held in the main memory. By replicating frequently used data to the cache, the access speed to the data can be increased.
  • DRAM is used, for example, in main memory.
  • the main memory has a function of holding programs and data read from the storage.
  • the recording density of the DRAM is approximately 0.1 to 0.3 Gbit / mm 2 .
  • 3D NAND memory is used, for example, for storage.
  • the storage has a function of holding data that needs to be stored for a long period of time and various programs used in the arithmetic processing unit. Therefore, the storage is required to have a storage capacity larger than the operating speed and a high recording density.
  • the recording density of the storage device used for storage is approximately 0.6 to 6.0 Gbit / mm 2 .
  • the storage device of one aspect of the present invention has a high operating speed and can retain data for a long period of time.
  • the storage device of one aspect of the present invention can be suitably used as a storage device located in the boundary area 901 including both the layer in which the cache is located and the layer in which the main memory is located.
  • the storage device of one aspect of the present invention can be suitably used as a storage device located in the boundary area 902 including both the layer in which the main memory is located and the layer in which the storage is located.
  • FIG. 34A and FIG. 34B are used to show an example of a chip 1200 on which the semiconductor device of the present invention is mounted.
  • a plurality of circuits (systems) are mounted on the chip 1200.
  • SoC system on chip
  • the chip 1200 has a CPU 1211, GPU 1212, one or more analog arithmetic units 1213, one or more memory controllers 1214, one or more interfaces 1215, one or more network circuits 1216, and the like.
  • the chip 1200 is provided with a bump (not shown) and is connected to the first surface of the printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board: PCB) 1201 as shown in FIG. 34B. Further, a plurality of bumps 1202 are provided on the back surface of the first surface of the PCB 1201 and are connected to the motherboard 1203.
  • a bump not shown
  • PCB printed circuit Board
  • the motherboard 1203 may be provided with a storage device such as a DRAM 1221 and a flash memory 1222.
  • a storage device such as a DRAM 1221 and a flash memory 1222.
  • the DOSRAM shown in the previous embodiment can be used for the DRAM 1221.
  • the NO SRAM shown in the above embodiment can be used for the flash memory 1222.
  • the CPU 1211 preferably has a plurality of CPU cores.
  • the GPU 1212 preferably has a plurality of GPU cores.
  • the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 may each have a memory for temporarily storing data.
  • a memory common to the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 may be provided on the chip 1200.
  • the above-mentioned NOSRAM or DOSRAM can be used.
  • GPU1212 is suitable for parallel calculation of a large amount of data, and can be used for image processing and product-sum calculation. By providing the GPU 1212 with an image processing circuit using the oxide semiconductor of the present invention and a product-sum calculation circuit, image processing and product-sum calculation can be executed with low power consumption.
  • the wiring between the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212 can be shortened, and the data transfer from the CPU 1211 to the GPU 1212, the data transfer between the memory of the CPU 1211 and the GPU 1212, And, after the calculation by the GPU 1212, the calculation result can be transferred from the GPU 1212 to the CPU 1211 at high speed.
  • the analog arithmetic unit 1213 has one or both of an A / D (analog / digital) conversion circuit and a D / A (digital / analog) conversion circuit. Further, the product-sum calculation circuit may be provided in the analog calculation unit 1213.
  • the memory controller 1214 has a circuit that functions as a controller of the DRAM 1221 and a circuit that functions as an interface of the flash memory 1222.
  • the interface 1215 has an interface circuit with an externally connected device such as a display device, a speaker, a microphone, a camera, and a controller.
  • the controller includes a mouse, a keyboard, a game controller, and the like.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • HDMI registered trademark
  • High-Definition Multimedia Interface High-Definition Multimedia Interface
  • the network circuit 1216 has a circuit for a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network). It may also have a circuit for network security.
  • a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network). It may also have a circuit for network security.
  • the above circuit (system) can be formed on the chip 1200 by the same manufacturing process. Therefore, even if the number of circuits required for the chip 1200 increases, it is not necessary to increase the manufacturing process, and the chip 1200 can be manufactured at low cost.
  • the PCB 1201, the DRAM 1221 provided with the chip 1200 having the GPU 1212, and the motherboard 1203 provided with the flash memory 1222 can be referred to as the GPU module 1204.
  • the GPU module 1204 Since the GPU module 1204 has a chip 1200 using SoC technology, its size can be reduced. Further, since it is excellent in image processing, it is suitable for use in portable electronic devices such as smartphones, tablet terminals, laptop PCs, and portable (take-out) game machines.
  • a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a self-encoder, a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), and a deep belief network (DEM) are provided by a product-sum calculation circuit using GPU1212. Since a method such as DBN) can be executed, the chip 1200 can be used as an AI chip, or the GPU module 1204 can be used as an AI system module.
  • the present embodiment shows an example of an electronic component and an electronic device in which the storage device and the like shown in the above embodiment are incorporated.
  • FIG. 35A shows a perspective view of the electronic component 700 and the substrate on which the electronic component 700 is mounted (mounting substrate 704).
  • the electronic component 700 shown in FIG. 35A has a storage device 720 in the mold 711. In FIG. 35A, a part is omitted in order to show the inside of the electronic component 700.
  • the electronic component 700 has a land 712 on the outside of the mold 711. The land 712 is electrically connected to the electrode pad 713, and the electrode pad 713 is electrically connected to the storage device 720 by a wire 714.
  • the electronic component 700 is mounted on, for example, the printed circuit board 702. A plurality of such electronic components are combined and each is electrically connected on the printed circuit board 702 to complete the mounting board 704.
  • the storage device 720 has a drive circuit layer 721 and a storage circuit layer 722.
  • FIG. 35B shows a perspective view of the electronic component 730.
  • the electronic component 730 is an example of SiP (System in package) or MCM (Multi Chip Module).
  • the electronic component 730 is provided with an interposer 731 on a package substrate 732 (printed circuit board), and a semiconductor device 735 and a plurality of storage devices 720 are provided on the interposer 731.
  • the electronic component 730 shows an example in which the storage device 720 is used as a wideband memory (HBM: High Bandwidth Memory). Further, as the semiconductor device 735, an integrated circuit (semiconductor device) such as a CPU, GPU, or FPGA can be used.
  • HBM High Bandwidth Memory
  • the package substrate 732 a ceramic substrate, a plastic substrate, a glass epoxy substrate, or the like can be used.
  • the interposer 731 a silicon interposer, a resin interposer, or the like can be used.
  • the interposer 731 has a plurality of wirings and has a function of electrically connecting a plurality of integrated circuits having different terminal pitches.
  • the plurality of wirings are provided in a single layer or multiple layers.
  • the interposer 731 has a function of electrically connecting the integrated circuit provided on the interposer 731 to the electrode provided on the package substrate 732.
  • the interposer may be referred to as a "rewiring board” or an "intermediate board”.
  • a through electrode may be provided on the interposer 731, and the integrated circuit and the package substrate 732 may be electrically connected using the through electrode.
  • TSV Three Silicon Via
  • interposer 731 It is preferable to use a silicon interposer as the interposer 731. Since it is not necessary to provide an active element in the silicon interposer, it can be manufactured at a lower cost than an integrated circuit. On the other hand, since the wiring of the silicon interposer can be formed by a semiconductor process, it is easy to form fine wiring, which is difficult with a resin interposer.
  • the interposer on which the HBM is mounted is required to form fine and high-density wiring. Therefore, it is preferable to use a silicon interposer as the interposer on which the HBM is mounted.
  • the reliability is unlikely to decrease due to the difference in the expansion coefficient between the integrated circuit and the interposer. Further, since the surface of the silicon interposer is high, poor connection between the integrated circuit provided on the silicon interposer and the silicon interposer is unlikely to occur. In particular, in a 2.5D package (2.5-dimensional mounting) in which a plurality of integrated circuits are arranged side by side on an interposer, it is preferable to use a silicon interposer.
  • a heat sink may be provided so as to be overlapped with the electronic component 730.
  • the heat sink it is preferable that the heights of the integrated circuits provided on the interposer 731 are the same.
  • the heights of the storage device 720 and the semiconductor device 735 are the same.
  • an electrode 733 may be provided on the bottom of the package substrate 732.
  • FIG. 35B shows an example in which the electrode 733 is formed of solder balls.
  • BGA Ball Grid Array
  • the electrode 733 may be formed of a conductive pin.
  • PGA Peripheral Component Interconnect
  • the electronic component 730 can be mounted on another substrate by using various mounting methods, not limited to BGA and PGA.
  • BGA Band-GPU
  • PGA Stimble Pin Grid Array
  • LGA Land-GPU
  • QFP Quad Flat Package
  • QFJ Quad Flat J-leaded package
  • QFN QuadFN
  • the semiconductor device shown in the above embodiment is, for example, a storage device for various electronic devices (for example, information terminals, computers, smartphones, electronic book terminals, digital cameras (including video cameras), recording / playback devices, navigation systems, etc.).
  • the computer includes a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, and a large computer such as a server system.
  • the semiconductor device shown in the above embodiment is applied to various removable storage devices such as a memory card (for example, an SD card), a USB memory, and an SSD (solid state drive).
  • 36A to 36E schematically show some configuration examples of the removable storage device.
  • the semiconductor device shown in the above embodiment is processed into a packaged memory chip and used for various storage devices and removable memories.
  • FIG. 36A is a schematic diagram of the USB memory.
  • the USB memory 1100 has a housing 1101, a cap 1102, a USB connector 1103, and a board 1104.
  • the substrate 1104 is housed in the housing 1101.
  • a memory chip 1105 and a controller chip 1106 are attached to the substrate 1104.
  • the semiconductor device shown in the previous embodiment can be incorporated into the memory chip 1105 or the like.
  • FIG. 36B is a schematic view of the appearance of the SD card
  • FIG. 36C is a schematic view of the internal structure of the SD card.
  • the SD card 1110 has a housing 1111 and a connector 1112 and a substrate 1113.
  • the substrate 1113 is housed in the housing 1111.
  • a memory chip 1114 and a controller chip 1115 are attached to the substrate 1113.
  • the capacity of the SD card 1110 can be increased.
  • a wireless chip having a wireless communication function may be provided on the substrate 1113.
  • data on the memory chip 1114 can be read and written by wireless communication between the host device and the SD card 1110.
  • the semiconductor device shown in the previous embodiment can be incorporated into the memory chip 1114 or the like.
  • FIG. 36D is a schematic view of the appearance of the SSD
  • FIG. 36E is a schematic view of the internal structure of the SSD.
  • the SSD 1150 has a housing 1151, a connector 1152 and a substrate 1153.
  • the substrate 1153 is housed in the housing 1151.
  • a memory chip 1154, a memory chip 1155, and a controller chip 1156 are attached to the substrate 1153.
  • the memory chip 1155 is a work memory of the controller chip 1156, and for example, a DOSRAM chip may be used.
  • the capacity of the SSD 1150 can be increased.
  • the semiconductor device shown in the previous embodiment can be incorporated into the memory chip 1154 or the like.
  • the semiconductor device according to one aspect of the present invention can be used for a processor such as a CPU or GPU, or a chip.
  • 37A to 37H show specific examples of electronic devices including a processor such as a CPU or GPU, or a chip according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • the GPU or chip according to one aspect of the present invention can be mounted on various electronic devices.
  • electronic devices include relatively large screens such as television devices, monitors for desktop or notebook information terminals, digital signage (electronic signage), and large game machines such as pachinko machines.
  • electronic devices equipped with a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, an electronic book reader, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a personal digital assistant, a sound reproduction device, and the like can be mentioned.
  • artificial intelligence can be mounted on the electronic device.
  • the electronic device of one aspect of the present invention may have an antenna.
  • the display unit can display images, information, and the like.
  • the antenna may be used for non-contact power transmission.
  • the electronic device of one aspect of the present invention includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, It may have the ability to measure voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared rays).
  • the electronic device of one aspect of the present invention can have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function to display a calendar, date or time, a function to execute various software (programs), wireless communication. It can have a function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
  • 37A to 37H show examples of electronic devices.
  • FIG. 37A illustrates a mobile phone (smartphone) which is a kind of information terminal.
  • the information terminal 5100 has a housing 5101 and a display unit 5102, and as an input interface, a touch panel is provided in the display unit 5102 and buttons are provided in the housing 5101.
  • the information terminal 5100 can execute an application using artificial intelligence by applying the chip of one aspect of the present invention.
  • Examples of the application using artificial intelligence include an application that recognizes a conversation and displays the conversation content on the display unit 5102, and recognizes characters and figures input by the user on the touch panel provided in the display unit 5102.
  • Examples include an application displayed on the display unit 5102, an application for performing biometric authentication such as a fingerprint and a voice print, and the like.
  • FIG. 37B illustrates the notebook type information terminal 5200.
  • the notebook-type information terminal 5200 includes a main body 5201 of the information terminal, a display unit 5202, and a keyboard 5203.
  • the notebook-type information terminal 5200 can execute an application using artificial intelligence by applying the chip of one aspect of the present invention.
  • applications using artificial intelligence include design support software, text correction software, and menu automatic generation software. Further, by using the notebook type information terminal 5200, it is possible to develop a new artificial intelligence.
  • a smartphone and a notebook-type information terminal are taken as examples of electronic devices, respectively, as shown in FIGS. 37A and 37B, but information terminals other than the smartphone and the notebook-type information terminal can be applied.
  • information terminals other than smartphones and notebook-type information terminals include PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), desktop-type information terminals, workstations, and the like.
  • FIG. 37C shows a portable game machine 5300, which is an example of a game machine.
  • the portable game machine 5300 has a housing 5301, a housing 5302, a housing 5303, a display unit 5304, a connection unit 5305, an operation key 5306, and the like.
  • the housing 5302 and the housing 5303 can be removed from the housing 5301.
  • the connection unit 5305 provided in the housing 5301 to another housing (not shown)
  • the video output to the display unit 5304 can be output to another video device (not shown). it can.
  • the housing 5302 and the housing 5303 can each function as operation units. This allows a plurality of players to play the game at the same time.
  • the chips shown in the previous embodiment can be incorporated into the chips provided on the substrates of the housing 5301, the housing 5302, and the housing 5303.
  • FIG. 37D shows a stationary game machine 5400, which is an example of a game machine.
  • a controller 5402 is connected to the stationary game machine 5400 wirelessly or by wire.
  • a low power consumption game machine can be realized by applying the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention to a game machine such as a portable game machine 5300 or a stationary game machine 5400. Further, since the heat generation from the circuit can be reduced due to the low power consumption, the influence of the heat generation on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuit, and the module can be reduced.
  • the portable game machine 5300 having artificial intelligence can be realized.
  • expressions such as the progress of the game, the behavior of creatures appearing in the game, and the phenomena that occur in the game are defined by the program that the game has, but by applying artificial intelligence to the handheld game machine 5300.
  • Expressions that are not limited to game programs are possible. For example, it is possible to express the content of questions asked by the player, the progress of the game, the timing of events in the game, the behavior of the characters appearing in the game, etc., without being limited to the program of the game. ..
  • the game player can be constructed anthropomorphically by artificial intelligence. Therefore, by setting the opponent as a game player by artificial intelligence, even one person can play the game. You can play the game.
  • FIGS. 37C and 37D a portable game machine and a stationary game machine are illustrated as examples of the game machine, but the game machine to which the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention is applied is not limited to this.
  • Examples of the game machine to which the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention is applied include an arcade game machine installed in an entertainment facility (game center, amusement park, etc.), a pitching machine for batting practice installed in a sports facility, and the like. Can be mentioned.
  • the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to a large computer.
  • FIG. 37E is a diagram showing a supercomputer 5500, which is an example of a large computer.
  • FIG. 37F is a diagram showing a rack-mounted computer 5502 included in the supercomputer 5500.
  • the supercomputer 5500 has a rack 5501 and a plurality of rack-mounted computers 5502.
  • the plurality of computers 5502 are stored in the rack 5501. Further, the computer 5502 is provided with a plurality of substrates 5504, and the GPU or chip described in the above embodiment can be mounted on the substrate.
  • the supercomputer 5500 is a large computer mainly used for scientific and technological calculations. In scientific and technological calculations, it is necessary to process a huge amount of calculations at high speed, so power consumption is high and the heat generated by the chip is large.
  • the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention to the supercomputer 5500, a supercomputer having low power consumption can be realized. Further, since the heat generation from the circuit can be reduced due to the low power consumption, the influence of the heat generation on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuit, and the module can be reduced.
  • a supercomputer is illustrated as an example of a large computer, but the large computer to which the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention is applied is not limited to this.
  • Examples of the large-scale computer to which the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention is applied include a computer (server) that provides a service, a large-scale general-purpose computer (mainframe), and the like.
  • the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to a moving vehicle and around the driver's seat of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 37G is a diagram showing the periphery of the windshield in the interior of an automobile, which is an example of a moving body.
  • the display panel 5701 attached to the dashboard, the display panel 5702, the display panel 5703, and the display panel 5704 attached to the pillar are shown.
  • the display panel 5701 to the display panel 5703 can provide various other information by displaying a speedometer, a tachometer, a mileage, a fuel gauge, a gear status, an air conditioner setting, and the like.
  • the display items and layout displayed on the display panel can be appropriately changed according to the user's preference, and the design can be improved.
  • the display panel 5701 to 5703 can also be used as a lighting device.
  • the field of view (blind spot) blocked by the pillars can be complemented. That is, by displaying the image from the image pickup device provided on the outside of the automobile, the blind spot can be supplemented and the safety can be enhanced. In addition, by projecting an image that complements the invisible part, safety confirmation can be performed more naturally and without discomfort.
  • the display panel 5704 can also be used as a lighting device.
  • the GPU or chip of one aspect of the present invention can be applied as a component of artificial intelligence
  • the chip can be used, for example, in an automatic driving system of an automobile.
  • the chip can be used in a system for road guidance, danger prediction, and the like.
  • the display panel 5701 to the display panel 5704 may be configured to display information such as road guidance and danger prediction.
  • moving objects may include trains, monorails, ships, flying objects (helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, rockets), etc., and the chip of one aspect of the present invention is applied to these moving objects. Therefore, a system using artificial intelligence can be provided.
  • FIG. 37H shows an electric refrigerator-freezer 5800, which is an example of an electric appliance.
  • the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800 has a housing 5801, a refrigerator door 5802, a freezer door 5803, and the like.
  • the electric refrigerator-freezer 5800 having artificial intelligence can be realized.
  • the electric freezer / refrigerator 5800 has a function of automatically generating a menu based on the foodstuffs stored in the electric freezer / refrigerator 5800 and the expiration date of the foodstuffs, and is stored in the electric freezer / refrigerator 5800. It can have a function of automatically adjusting the temperature according to the food.
  • electric refrigerators and freezers have been described as an example of electric appliances
  • other electric appliances include, for example, vacuum cleaners, microwave ovens, microwave ovens, rice cookers, water heaters, IH cookers, water servers, and air conditioners including air conditioners. Examples include washing machines, dryers, and audiovisual equipment.
  • the electronic device described in the present embodiment the function of the electronic device, the application example of artificial intelligence, its effect, etc. can be appropriately combined with the description of other electronic devices.

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