WO2020239278A1 - Dispositif d'alimentation en énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation en énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020239278A1
WO2020239278A1 PCT/EP2020/055578 EP2020055578W WO2020239278A1 WO 2020239278 A1 WO2020239278 A1 WO 2020239278A1 EP 2020055578 W EP2020055578 W EP 2020055578W WO 2020239278 A1 WO2020239278 A1 WO 2020239278A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
speed
electrical
diesel engine
stroke diesel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/055578
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kay Tigges
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2020239278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020239278A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
    • B63B79/10—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using sensors, e.g. pressure sensors, strain gauges or accelerometers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
    • B63B79/40—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for controlling the operation of vessels, e.g. monitoring their speed, routing or maintenance schedules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/20—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/20—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units
    • B63H2021/202—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units of hybrid electric type
    • B63H2021/205—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being powered by combinations of different types of propulsion units of hybrid electric type the second power unit being of the internal combustion engine type, or the like, e.g. a Diesel engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/21—Control means for engine or transmission, specially adapted for use on marine vessels
    • B63H2021/216—Control means for engine or transmission, specially adapted for use on marine vessels using electric control means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
    • F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
    • F02D2250/26—Control of the engine output torque by applying a torque limit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels
    • Y02T70/5236—Renewable or hybrid-electric solutions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an energy supply device in which mechanical energy is provided on a crankshaft of a two-stroke diesel engine, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of at least one first rotating electrical machine that is mechanically coupled to the crankshaft, and the electrical energy is at least partially fed to an adjustable electrical energy sink that is electrically coupled to the energy distribution network.
  • the invention further relates to a power supply device with a two-stroke diesel engine that provides mechanical energy to a crankshaft of the two-stroke diesel engine, at least one first rotating electrical machine that provides electrical energy at a machine connection and that is used to convert the mechanical energy into the electrical energy has a rotor shaft mechanically coupled to the crankshaft, and a control unit for controlling at least the two-stroke diesel engine and / or the first rotating electrical machine.
  • the invention relates to a watercraft with an energy supply device and an electrical drive device that can be electrically coupled to the energy supply device, the electrical drive device comprising a second rotating electrical machine that is mechanically coupled to a propeller of the watercraft.
  • Energy supply devices of the generic type are used in particular to generate electrical energy for a certain Provide proper operation of electrical loads that are connected to the energy supply device.
  • the energy supply device can be connected to an energy supply network to which other energy supply devices and electrical consumers can also be connected.
  • the Energyver supply network can therefore also be used to distribute electrical energy.
  • the energy supply device comprises at least one internal combustion engine that is mechanically coupled to a rotating electrical machine.
  • the rotating de electrical machine is used to convert or convert the mechanical energy provided on a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine into electrical energy, so that the energy supply device, which includes the internal combustion engine and the rotating electrical machine, is able to provide the electrical energy in the desired manner.
  • Two-stroke diesel engines are internal combustion engines with which a high degree of efficiency with regard to fuel use can be achieved. In addition, they are comparatively low-maintenance and reliable in normal operation compared to other internal combustion engines.
  • Two-stroke diesel engines are usually designed as two-stroke large diesel engines and are often constructed for a power range of, for example, about 6 MW to about 80 MW.
  • the two-stroke diesel engines are used to drive propellers of ship propulsion systems, preferably to drive them directly.
  • the two-stroke diesel engine is a diesel engine that works according to the two-stroke principle. The function of the two-stroke diesel engine is assumed to be known, which is why further detailed explanations regarding its function are not provided here.
  • Two-stroke diesel engines are usually designed as slow-running engines. They are usually designed as Rei henmotoren, preferably alleviate with an odd number of Zy. In normal operation, such two-stroke diesel engines are often operated at a speed in a range from about 60 to about 120 revolutions per minute, preferably in a range from about 80 to about 100 revolutions per minute. Typical dimensions of the bores of cylinders of such two-stroke diesel engines range from a few decimeters to about 1 m or more.
  • a cylinder stroke can, for example, be in a range from a few decimeters to approximately 3.5 m, preferably in a range from approximately 50 cm to approximately 1 m.
  • two-stroke diesel engines to generate electrical energy is currently only very limited. Although two-stroke large diesel engines have a significantly better efficiency than, for example, four-stroke diesel engines, two-stroke diesel engines have so far hardly been considered for the generation of electrical energy due to physical circumstances. An important reason is that - unlike when using the two-stroke diesel engine to drive a propeller of a watercraft - the electric machine is unable to provide a suitable moment of inertia for speed stabilization and thus also for overspeed protection. In addition, it proves to be unfavorable that two-stroke diesel engines are usually operated in normal operation at speeds that are usually less than about 100 revolutions per minute. The result is that the rotating electrical machine requires a large number of poles, as a result of which a structural implementation of the rotating electrical machine and thus the energy supply device would be disadvantageous overall.
  • the operation of the two-stroke diesel engine as a marine propulsion system to drive a propeller of the ship is a beneficial application with respect to the two-stroke diesel engine.
  • a speed-dependent load behavior of the propeller provides a quadratic to cubic curve in relation to a characteristic curve with regard to a torque and / or a power, which means that the two-stroke diesel engine generates a corresponding speed in the event of speed deviations from a specified target speed Experience changes in torque or power as a load.
  • a stable operating point with respect to a predetermined speed can be achieved in a simple manner.
  • the two-stroke diesel engine is used to operate an electrical machine in generator mode
  • the conditions change significantly.
  • the electrical machine is used to supply electrical energy to an on-board network as an energy supply network and if power is usually essentially constant as a load, this results in an unfavorable load behavior with regard to the torque, since the load provided by the electrical machine hardly changes, in particular remains essentially constant.
  • This can result in a strong fluctuation with regard to the current speed of the crankshaft of the two-stroke diesel engine, which is also referred to as "speed hunting".
  • speed hunting which is also referred to as "speed hunting"
  • this is very disadvantageous for the operation of the electrical machine as a generator and can also lead to instabilities in With respect to a speed control for the two-stroke diesel engine, the problems can therefore also be mutually reinforcing.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving a generic energy supply device, a method for its operation and a watercraft, so that a reliable siger permanent operation for an energy supply can be guaranteed.
  • a target speed for the two-stroke diesel engine is specified, depending on the target speed and at least one machine model of the two-stroke diesel engine, a speed range is determined which includes the target speed, a current speed of the crankshaft of the two-stroke diesel engine is detected by means of a speed sensor, the detected speed is compared with the target speed, and the energy sink is set at least as a function of the comparison so that the energy sink provides an electrical load in the determined speed range , in which the electrical load has a course that depends on the detected speed, so that the electrical load increases at least disproportionately with the detected speed.
  • the energy supply device have an adjustable electrical energy sink that is electrically coupled to the machine connection for at least partially absorbing the electrical energy, the control unit being designed to specify a setpoint speed for the two-stroke diesel engine, depending on the target speed and at least one machine model of the two-stroke diesel engine, determine a speed range that includes the target speed, using a speed sensor to detect an actual speed of the crankshaft of the two-stroke diesel engine, the detected speed with the target speed to compare, and to set the energy sink at least depending on the comparison, so that the energy sink provides an electrical load in the determined speed range at which the electrical load is one of the recorded speed-dependent curve, so that the electrical load increases at least disproportionately with the recorded speed.
  • the energy supply device is designed according to the invention.
  • the invention is based, inter alia, on the idea that the operation of the energy supply device, which comprises a two-stroke diesel engine mechanically coupled with a rotating electrical machine, can be improved in that the rotating electrical machine can be electrically coupled to an electrical energy sink that is adjustable.
  • the invention provides that the energy sink can be set in such a way that it provides a disproportionate electrical load in relation to a speed of the crankshaft, so that for the determined speed range an electrical load that deviates from the constant load and increases with increasing speed is achieved can be. This makes it possible to operate the energy supply device in a considerably more stable manner and, in particular, to reduce the disruptive "speed hunting".
  • the speed range is determined depending on a target speed, which can be specified, for example, by a higher-level control of the energy supply device, in particular a control unit of the energy supply device, in order to generate electrical power taking into account properties of the rotating electrical machine and / or an electrical voltage that should be provided by the rotating electrical machine.
  • the speed range can now be determined taking into account a machine model of the two-stroke diesel engine.
  • the machine model can include operating properties of the two-stroke diesel engine, in particular also an engine control, for example in relation to a fuel supply or the like.
  • the machine model can also include physical quantities such as moments of inertia, masses to be moved, geometries, in particular with regard to dimensions and / or the like.
  • a machine model of the at least one rotating electrical machine can of course also be taken into account in order to determine the speed range.
  • the speed range is preferably determined in such a way that, taking into account the overall properties, a stabilization with respect to the detected speed can be achieved.
  • the energy sink is designed to be adjustable and can include, for example, one or more electrical consumers, one or more electrical energy stores, combinations thereof and / or the like.
  • the energy sink can of course also be a further energy supply network which can be electrically coupled to the energy sink in order to be able to dissipate electrical energy in a corresponding manner.
  • an adjustable load on the at least one rotating electrical machine can be achieved, so that a corresponding load on the two-stroke diesel engine can be provided by means of the rotating electrical machine.
  • the energy sink can be connected directly to the at least one rotating electrical machine. In alternative configurations, however, it can also be provided that the at least one rotating electrical machine is connected to an energy supply network
  • the adjustable electrical energy sink is electrically coupled and in this way electrical energy can be used to supply the power supply network to closed electrical units or electrical devices.
  • the adjustable electrical energy sink can then also be connected to the energy supply network. be closed.
  • the electrical energy sink therefore does not need to be designed to be able to absorb the full electrical energy provided by the at least one rotating electrical machine.
  • the adjustable electrical energy sink may only need to be designed for a corresponding proportion of the electrical energy provided.
  • the adjustable electrical energy sink is designed for an electrical power as a load that is approximately 20% of a maximum electrical power that can be provided by the energy supply device or the like.
  • the adjustable electrical energy sink can serve to be set in a highly dynamic manner with regard to the electrical load, preferably over its entire possible setting range.
  • the energy sink itself can, for example, convert the electrical energy consumed into another form of energy, for example into heat or the like.
  • the heat provided can be used, for example, for heating purposes, for example to heat cabins in a watercraft, to heat a fuel tank and / or the like.
  • the energy sink can of course make the electrical energy usable for other, additional purposes by converting the electrical energy accordingly and making it available to specific consumers who can use this energy.
  • the energy sink can also include an energy store, which makes it possible to equalize a pulsating energy consumption or the like.
  • the energy sink is preferably adjustable by means of one or more suitable control signals by a control unit.
  • the control unit controls the energy sink in such a way that the energy sink is in the determined speed range
  • a course that is square, cubic or the like, for example, is disproportionately high. Combinations of these can of course also be provided.
  • the course is preferably at least monotonically increasing with increasing speed.
  • the invention allows the use of flywheels to be largely dispensed with, because the corresponding suitable load can be implemented by the energy sink.
  • the energy supply network can preferably be a DC voltage network, in particular a DC voltage energy supply network, which can comprise a DC voltage intermediate circuit, for example.
  • the DC voltage network can also be coupled to other energy supply networks, for example AC voltage networks such as a public energy supply network or the like, preferably using suitable energy converters.
  • AC voltage networks such as a public energy supply network or the like
  • one or more electrical loads that require electrical energy for their intended operation can also be connected to the DC voltage network.
  • the DC voltage network can of course also include one or more electrical energy stores, for example in the manner of accumulators or the like.
  • the rotating electrical machine is preferably directly electrically coupled to the DC voltage network.
  • the rotating electrical machine can be designed as a DC voltage machine or the like, for example.
  • the DC voltage machine can include a control unit by means of which the DC voltage provided can be set and / or regulated.
  • the rotating electrical machine is particularly advantageously formed by an AC voltage machine.
  • the rotating electrical machine is indirectly electrically coupled to the DC voltage network, for example with the interposition of an energy converter such as a rectifier or the like.
  • the rotating electrical machine has at least one winding which can be arranged in the stator or in the rotor. However, the winding can also be arranged both in the stator and in the rotor. This depends on a particular construction of the rotating electrical machine. The function of the rotating electrical machine is also assumed to be known, so that detailed explanations are not provided.
  • the electrical coupling must of course be designed for the corresponding electrical load. If, for example, the electrical coupling is implemented by means of a respective diode-based rectifier, the diodes should also be designed for the power that occurs.
  • the first rotating electrical machine is designed as a multi-phase synchronous machine.
  • Multi-phase synchronous machines are particularly suitable for the provision of electrical energy. They can be regulated particularly cheaply.
  • the multi-phase synchronous Machine is preferably a three-phase synchronous machine, so that particularly available electrical machines can be used at low cost.
  • one or two of the rotating electrical machines can, if necessary, also be designed as asynchronous machines, in particular double-fed asynchronous machines, or also as direct current machines.
  • the energy supply device has at least one energy converter for electrically coupling the first electrical winding to the energy supply network.
  • the energy converter can be designed as a rectifier unit, in particular as a bridge rectifier, for example using diodes, thyristors, transistors and / or the like in a rotating electrical machine that is designed as an alternating voltage machine, for example a polyphase synchronous machine.
  • a separate energy converter is preferably provided for the rotating electrical machine.
  • the energy converter is designed as a rectifier, it can also include a voltage converter, by means of which a pulsating DC voltage provided by the rectifier unit can be converted into a DC voltage provided for the DC voltage network.
  • the energy converter can also be, for example, a converter, in particular an inverter or the like.
  • the energy converter can also be a DC / DC converter, an AC / DC converter or the like.
  • combinations thereof can also be provided.
  • the energy supply device have at least one electrical switching unit for coupling the electrical winding to the energy supply network.
  • a predetermined electrical coupling of the winding to the energy supply network can be achieved by the switching unit.
  • the switching unit can be used, for example, as a switching unit be designed, each of which either electrically couples the winding of the rotating electrical machine to the power supply network.
  • a switching unit is provided for the winding of the rotating electrical machine, by means of which the electrical coupling can be established in a predeterminable manner.
  • the switching unit can be designed, for example, as an electro-mechanical switching unit with suitable electro-mechanical switching elements, such as switching contacts or the like, for example.
  • the switching unit can of course also be designed as an electronic switching unit and for this purpose comprise electronic switching elements.
  • a switching element within the meaning of this disclosure is preferably a controllable electronic switching element, for example a controllable electronic semiconductor switch which is preferably designed for bidirectional blocking by, for example, two transistors connected in antiseries are included in the switching element, two antiparallel-connected thyristors are included in the switching element, combinations circuits thereof, in particular with parallel-connected inverse diodes, for example using gate turn-off thyristors (GTO), using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), combinations thereof or the like.
  • the switching element can also comprise field effect transistors, in particular metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) or the like.
  • the switching elements in the energy converter are configured to provide the desired energy conversion functionality of the energy converter.
  • the switching mode means that the transistor, when switched on, provides a very small electrical resistance between the terminals of the transistor that form a switching path, so that a high current flow is possible with very low residual voltage.
  • Switching path of the transistor has a high resistance, that is, it provides a high electrical resistance, so that even with a high electrical voltage applied to the switching path, there is essentially no or only a very low, in particular negligible, current flow. This differs from linear operation in transistors, which, however, is generally not used in converters of the generic type.
  • the switching element has at least one control connection to which it can be acted upon with switching signals provided by a control device, so that the desired switching function of the switching element can be implemented.
  • the switching signal can be a binary switching signal which can assume two status values in order to be able to provide the desired switching function of the switching element.
  • the switching signal can comprise a pulse train by means of which the control connection is applied. This is especially useful for thyristors and GTO.
  • it can be provided with transistors that the switching signal is designed as a square-wave signal, with a respective switching state of the
  • Switching element can be assigned to one of the electrical potentials of the rectangular signal.
  • a signal is useful, for example, for transistors, in particular for bipolar transistors, field effect transistors or the like.
  • a time relationship between the two electrical potentials usually determines the duty cycle.
  • the energy supply device preferably comprises a control unit for controlling the rotating electrical machine and / or the at least one energy converter and / or the at least one electrical switching unit and in particular the energy sink.
  • the energy supply device can be controlled in a suitable manner.
  • the control unit can be used for the intended Drive of the first and / or the second rotating electrical machine's are monitored.
  • the control unit is preferably designed to determine the speed range and, taking into account a comparison of the target speed with a detected speed, which preferably corresponds to a current or instantaneous speed of the crankshaft, at least one control signal for the energy sink is available.
  • the intended operation of the rotating electrical machine and possibly also the energy sink can be detected, for example, by means of one or more suitable sensors, for example by adding a suitable electrical variable, for example an electric current, an electrical power, or a mechanical variable, for example a Torque or the like is detected.
  • a suitable electrical variable for example an electric current, an electrical power, or a mechanical variable, for example a Torque or the like is detected.
  • a combination of these can of course also be provided.
  • the control unit can furthermore in particular provide control signals such as switching signals for the switching elements for the at least one energy converter and / or the switching unit.
  • control device can comprise a hardware circuit and / or a program-controlled computer unit or the like.
  • control unit can be designed as a separate preferably electronic assembly group.
  • control unit can at least partially also be comprised of a higher-level controller, for example for the energy supply network, for example a control of a drive device that is supplied with electrical energy by the energy supply network, or the like.
  • the speed range can be dependent on the target speed and / or the detected speed. In the case of a high setpoint speed or a large detected speed, the speed range can also be selected to be correspondingly large. Of course, the speed range can also be independent of the detected speed.
  • the speed range can be constant over a range of predeterminable target speeds.
  • the energy sink is additionally set as a function of the detected speed. As a result, the regulation according to the invention can be further improved because the energy sink can be adjusted more quickly and more precisely.
  • the control unit can also provide the control signal provided for the energy sink as a function of the detected speed.
  • a load behavior of a propeller of a watercraft in an intended ferry operation is simulated by means of the energy sink as a load.
  • a load behavior can be achieved which corresponds to that of the propeller within the speed range.
  • the speed range can include an upper and a lower speed limit, a first distance between the lower speed limit and the target speed corresponding to a second distance between the upper speed limit and the target speed.
  • the speed range thus includes the target speed in an approximately medium range.
  • the speed range is positioned asymmetrically with respect to the target speed in order to be able to better take into account given particularities in the area of the energy supply device, in particular with regard to controlling or regulating the two-stroke diesel engine.
  • an electrical load is specified for the energy sink and the speed area is additionally determined depending on the specified electrical load.
  • the amounts of energy to be processed with the energy sink can be dependent on the target speed and / or the detected speed.
  • the stabilization through the function of the invention can thereby be further improved.
  • the speed range is determined to be greater in the case of a high electrical load that is to be provided by the energy sink than in the case of a small electrical load that the energy sink is intended to provide.
  • the energy sink is determined independently of the predetermined electrical load.
  • the speed range is preferably selected to be as small as possible in order to influence the normal operation as little as possible. Therefore, according to a further development, it is proposed that the speed range comprises 5 revolutions per minute, in particular 3 revolutions per minute, preferably 2 revolutions per minute. Especially for two-stroke diesel engines that are operated in a normal operation at a speed in a range of about 60 revolutions per minute to about 120 revolutions per minute, such a speed range proves to be sufficient to the overall stability of the operation of the energy supply improve.
  • the energy sink comprises at least one electrical energy store. This allows energy fluctuations in the absorption of electrical energy by the energy sink to be better processed.
  • the energy sink can of course also provide the energy for other purposes, for example for Use by one or more electrical consumers or the like. In this case, the energy that is absorbed by the energy sink can be used for further use.
  • the watercraft is preferably a ship, for example for transporting people, a supply ship, a container ship or the like. Basically, the watercraft can of course also be a ferry or the like.
  • the watercraft preferably comprises an electrical drive device that can be electrically coupled to the energy supply device.
  • the electric drive device can comprise a second rotating electric machine which is mechanically coupled to a propeller of the watercraft. the second rotating electrical machine is operated in a Motorbe when the watercraft is in ferry operation.
  • the electrical energy sink at least partially encompasses the electrical drive device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of one on one
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram representation of a propeller curve of a drive propeller of the watercraft according to FIG. 1, an ordinate of a power or a torque of a two-stroke diesel engine when loaded by a drive propeller as a function of the speed is shown;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram representation as in FIG. 2, in which the course is now shown when there is a load with a synchronous machine operated in generator mode;
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of a watercraft 10 with an energy supply device 12 and an electrical drive device 14 that can be electrically coupled to the energy supply device 12.
  • the electrical drive device 14 comprises an asynchronous machine 16 which is mechanically coupled to a drive propeller 18 of the watercraft 10.
  • the asynchronous machine 16 is in the present Ausgestal device as a five-phase rotating electrical machine forms, the rotor is directly coupled to a propeller shaft 48, at the opposite end of the propeller drive 18 is attached.
  • the asynchronous machine 16 has a not further dargestell th stator with a corresponding five-phase winding, which is connected to a correspondingly designed inverter 46 as an energy converter.
  • the energy converter 46 is connected to a DC voltage network 26 for the purpose of supplying energy, which is used to distribute electrical energy. Consumers are also connected to the DC voltage network 26, of which only one is shown by way of example with the reference numeral 50 in FIG.
  • the electrical consumer 50 can be almost any electrical device or electrical unit, for example ship lighting, electrical heating, air conditioning and / or the like.
  • Both the asynchronous machine 16 and the inverter 46 are communicatively coupled to a control unit 44 which monitors and controls the intended operation of the drive device 14.
  • the control unit 44 supplies control signals to the inverter 46, which converts energy accordingly using switching elements that are not shown in the figure, so that the winding of the asynchronous machine 16 can be supplied with electrical energy in accordance with the desired intended operation.
  • the DC voltage network 26 is connected to an energy supply device 12.
  • the energy supply device 12 provides the electrical energy that the drive device 14 and the loads 50 need for their intended operation.
  • the energy supply device 12 comprises a two-stroke diesel engine 20, which provides electrical energy to a crankshaft 22 of the two-stroke diesel engine 20.
  • the energy supply device 12 also comprises a synchronous machine 24 as a rotating electrical machine, which provides electrical energy at a machine connection 40.
  • the synchronous machine 24 is designed as a manually excited synchronous machine.
  • a separately excited synchronous machine or another rotating electrical machine can of course also be used instead of the permanent magnet synchronous machine.
  • the synchronous machine 24 also has a rotor shaft 42 which is mechanically directly coupled to the crankshaft 22. As a result, the mechanical energy provided by the two-stroke diesel engine 20 is supplied to the synchronous machine 24, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the synchronous machine 24 is in the present case designed as a three-phase electric machine and provides the electrical energy as a three-phase AC voltage network.
  • the winding of the synchronous machine 24 is electrically connected to the DC voltage network 26 via a bridge rectifier 52, which is designed for a three-phase bridge rectification coupled.
  • a speed sensor 32 is also connected to the crankshaft 22, which in turn is connected to the control unit 44 for communication purposes.
  • the bridge rectifier 52, the synchronous machine 24 and the two-stroke diesel engine 20 are likewise connected to the control unit 44 for communication purposes.
  • the bridge rectifier 52 is thus connected to the machine connection 40 with its AC voltage connection.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a schematic diagram representation of a diagram, the abscissa of which is assigned to a speed n of the crankshaft 22 and the ordinate of which is assigned to a power P or a torque Q at the crankshaft 22.
  • the torque is denoted by Q
  • the electrical power by P the speed by n.
  • a graph 54 shows a power curve
  • a graph 56 shows a torque curve, specifically for the case that the two-stroke diesel engine 20 is connected with its crankshaft 22 directly and exclusively to the propeller shaft 48.
  • the graphs 54, 56 have a disproportionately increasing curve shape, which in the present case is roughly square to cubic. This load, which increases disproportionately with increasing speed, ensures that the two-stroke diesel engine 20 has an essentially stable operating point at a certain operating point, namely at a setpoint speed 38 (FIG. 4).
  • the two-stroke diesel engine 20 is therefore particularly suitable for the direct drive of propeller shafts 48.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a diagram like FIG. 2 the relationships when the two-stroke diesel engine 20 instead of the drive propeller 18 is an electrical machine, such as the Synchronma machine 24 for the purpose of supplying energy to an energy supply network.
  • the graph 54 now provides an essentially constant load which is implemented by the DC voltage network 26.
  • the torque Q shown by graph 56 decreases. It follows from this that the operation of the two-stroke diesel engine 20 is stable under such a load, so that the very undesirable “speed
  • FIG. 4 now shows, in a schematic diagram, like FIGS. 2 and 3, a control system according to the invention with which the operation of the two-stroke diesel engine 20 can be stabilized.
  • control unit 44 is designed to specify a setpoint speed 38 for the two-stroke diesel engine 20.
  • the target speed 38 can be specified as a function of a desired average power and / or the like.
  • control unit 44 can determine a speed range 30 that includes the target speed 38.
  • the machine model can take into account specific properties of the two-stroke diesel engine 20, for example moving masses, moments of inertia, fuel controls, combustion properties and / or the like.
  • the target speed 38 is approximately 80 revolutions per minute.
  • the speed range 30 extends from a lower speed limit 36, which is present at about 78 revolutions per minute, to an upper speed limit 34, which is present at a speed of about 82 revolutions per minute.
  • the current speed of the crankshaft 22 of the two-stroke diesel engine 20 is detected by means of the speed sensor 32.
  • the control unit 44 compares the detected speed with the setpoint speed 38. Depending on the comparison, the control unit 44 uses a suitable control signal to set an energy sink 28, which in the present case is the drive device 14 and the inverter 46 includes, accordingly, so that the energy sink 28 is set in the determined speed range.
  • the energy sink 28 is comprised by the energy supply device 12.
  • the energy sink 28 has in the speed range 30, that is, in the range between the upper speed limit 34 and the lower speed limit 36, at which the electrical load is dependent on the detected speed, so that the electrical load increases at least disproportionately with the speed.
  • a load behavior of the propeller 18 of the watercraft 10 in the intended ferry operation is simulated by means of the energy sink 28 as an electrical load.
  • the graph 58 relates to a torque. Basically, however, the performance can also be taken into account.
  • a graph 60 shows an on-board network load that is provided by the consumer, such as the consumer 50. In the present case, the on-board network load is essentially constant and independent of the speed.
  • the power P is Darge, which includes the vehicle electrical system power and the power of the drive device 14. Here, too, the power is essentially constant compared to the speed.
  • the power is therefore essentially constant outside of speed range 30. Only within the speed range 30 is the power variable, that is, it increases with increasing speed n, which is why the torque Q within the speed range 30 naturally also increases with increasing speed n.
  • the speed range 30 includes the upper and lower speed limits 34, 36, with a first distance between the lower speed limit 36 and the target speed 38 a second distance between the upper Ren speed limit 34 and the target speed 38 corresponds substantially.
  • the target speed 38 is thus essentially arranged approximately centrally in the speed range 30.
  • the speed range 30 is essentially carried along with a varying setpoint speed 38.
  • the upper and lower speed limits 34, 36 are therefore carried along accordingly, that is, their values with respect to the speed are adjusted accordingly.
  • the speed range 30 does not need to be determined anew. It is therefore sufficient to determine the speed range 30 once, for example during commissioning or during maintenance, and to specify it in a fixed manner.
  • the speed range 30 is determined anew for a respective new setpoint speed 38.
  • specific properties at different target speeds 38 can be taken into account if, for example, the energy supply device 12, in particular the two-stroke diesel engine 20, have properties that are dependent on the target speed 38.
  • the usual behavior with regard to speed stability can be achieved, in particular with regard to an already existing machine regulation, for example a higher-level control, in particular with regard to the two-stroke diesel engine 20.
  • the invention is not only limited in the application to watercraft 10, but can also be used, for example, in the field of power plants.
  • the invention can preferably be implemented by simulating a customary propeller curve in a traction drive control as a rule - large for an already existing speed controller of the two-stroke diesel engine 20. It has proven to be particularly advantageous that the method management according to the invention can also be provided by a computer program if the control unit or the control device includes a suitable computer device. In this way, the invention can be implemented in a particularly simple manner, even afterwards.
  • the exemplary embodiment serves exclusively to explain the invention and is not intended to restrict it.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif d'alimentation en énergie (12), dans lequel : - de l'énergie mécanique est fournie à un vilebrequin (22) d'un moteur Diesel à deux temps (20), - l'énergie mécanique est convertie en énergie électrique au moyen d'au moins une première machine électrique rotative (24), et - l'énergie électrique est amenée dans un puits d'énergie (28) électrique réglable couplé électriquement au réseau de distribution d'énergie (26). Selon l'invention, - une vitesse de rotation de consigne (38) est prédéfinie pour le moteur Diesel à deux temps (20), - une plage de vitesse de rotation (30) du moteur Diesel à deux temps, comprenant la vitesse de rotation de consigne, est déterminée en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de consigne et d'au moins un modèle de machine du moteur Diesel à deux temps (20), - une vitesse de rotation actuelle du vilebrequin (22) du moteur Diesel à deux temps (20) est détectée au moyen d'un capteur de vitesse de rotation (32), - la vitesse de rotation détectée est comparée avec la vitesse de rotation de consigne (38), et - le puits d'énergie (28) est réglé au moins en fonction de la comparaison, de telle sorte que le puits d'énergie (28) fournit, dans la plage de vitesse de rotation (30) déterminée, une charge électrique, dans laquelle la charge électrique augmente au moins dans une mesure disproportionnée avec la vitesse de rotation détectée.
PCT/EP2020/055578 2019-05-29 2020-03-03 Dispositif d'alimentation en énergie WO2020239278A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002072418A1 (fr) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-19 Man B & W Diesel A/S Installation de propulsion destinee a des objets maritimes
US20060042590A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2006-03-02 Uplap Rahul R Start-up control of internal combustion engines
US20060089233A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Kokusan Denki Co., Ltd. Control device for engine driven vehicle incorporating generator
US20130293003A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2013-11-07 Abb Oy Propulsion system
GB2551875A (en) * 2016-04-22 2018-01-03 Emb Advanced Tech Ltd Power supply apparatus and method
EP3626953A1 (fr) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-25 Winterthur Gas & Diesel AG Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif d'entraînement pour un arbre ainsi que dispositif d'entraînement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH667627A5 (de) * 1985-09-03 1988-10-31 Sulzer Ag Schiffsantrieb.
DE102005062583A1 (de) * 2005-12-27 2007-07-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Energiesystems eines Schiffes sowie dafür geeignetes Energiesystem

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002072418A1 (fr) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-19 Man B & W Diesel A/S Installation de propulsion destinee a des objets maritimes
US20060042590A1 (en) * 2002-07-12 2006-03-02 Uplap Rahul R Start-up control of internal combustion engines
US20060089233A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Kokusan Denki Co., Ltd. Control device for engine driven vehicle incorporating generator
US20130293003A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2013-11-07 Abb Oy Propulsion system
GB2551875A (en) * 2016-04-22 2018-01-03 Emb Advanced Tech Ltd Power supply apparatus and method
EP3626953A1 (fr) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-25 Winterthur Gas & Diesel AG Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif d'entraînement pour un arbre ainsi que dispositif d'entraînement

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