WO2020239141A1 - 一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法 - Google Patents

一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020239141A1
WO2020239141A1 PCT/CN2020/102844 CN2020102844W WO2020239141A1 WO 2020239141 A1 WO2020239141 A1 WO 2020239141A1 CN 2020102844 W CN2020102844 W CN 2020102844W WO 2020239141 A1 WO2020239141 A1 WO 2020239141A1
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Prior art keywords
zone
rotating cage
partition
biological
water tank
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PCT/CN2020/102844
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李晓岩
林琳
史绪川
李若泓
李炳
Original Assignee
清华-伯克利深圳学院筹备办公室
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Publication of WO2020239141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020239141A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/08—Aerobic processes using moving contact bodies
    • C02F3/082—Rotating biological contactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment and a sewage treatment method for high-efficiency biological denitrification.
  • the traditional sewage denitrification treatment technology is an anoxic-aerobic activated sludge method, which has low denitrification efficiency, but high energy consumption and easy swelling of sludge.
  • the biofilm method based on suspended fillers has gradually attracted people’s attention, and is considered to be the most likely potential technology to replace the traditional activated sludge method in the future.
  • the key to its operational effect is to ensure that the fillers are evenly distributed in the equipment to ensure The biofilm is in full contact with sewage and is not easy to fall off.
  • Biological turntable is another biofilm treatment process based on fixed packing (turntable), but the structure of the disk is complicated, the manufacturing cost is high, the volume load is low, and it is not suitable for treating large-scale sewage.
  • the biological turntable process has gradually gained the favor of the industry due to its stable denitrification effect and simple operation and management.
  • the effective surface area of the turntable is small, the amount of biofilm attached is insufficient, and the space utilization rate is low.
  • Traditional electric biological turntables require turntable driving devices such as gearboxes and motors, which have high energy consumption and heavy maintenance workload, which causes inconvenience to long-term use and maintenance in rural areas and other underdeveloped areas.
  • the present invention provides a pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment and a sewage treatment method for high-efficiency biological denitrification.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment, including a water tank, a rotating cage and a gas diffusion assembly; the rotating cage is arranged in the water tank, and the rotating cage is filled with biological fillers; The gas diffusion assembly is used for supplying oxygen to the aerobic area in the water tank and pushing the rotating cage to rotate through aeration.
  • a partition assembly is provided in the water tank, and the partition assembly includes a first partition and a second partition spaced apart along the transverse axis of the water tank, and the first partition
  • the plate and the second partition divide the water tank into an anoxic zone, an aerobic zone and a sedimentation zone in order along the transverse axis;
  • the bottom of the second partition is provided with a channel for sewage from the aerobic zone to flow into the sedimentation zone. Opening;
  • the upper part of the hypoxic zone is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part of the precipitation zone is provided with a water outlet;
  • the tumbler includes a first tumbler and a second tumbler, the first tumbler and the second tumbler are connected by a rotating shaft, and are respectively arranged in an anoxic zone and an aerobic zone in the water tank;
  • the gas diffusion assembly is arranged below the side of the second rotating cage, and is used to supply oxygen to the aerobic zone through aeration, and to push the second rotating cage to rotate, thereby driving the first rotating cage through the rotating shaft Rotate.
  • the partition assembly further includes a third partition, and the third partition is spaced apart from the first partition and away from the second partition along the transverse axis of the water tank.
  • the bottom of the first partition or the third partition between the hypoxic zone and the micro-oxygen zone is provided with an opening for sewage to flow from the hypoxic zone to the micro-oxygen zone;
  • the rotating cage also includes a first Three rotating cages, the third rotating cage is set in the micro-oxygen zone through the rotating shaft.
  • the gas diffusion assembly is provided on the lower side of the third rotating cage for supplying oxygen to the micro-oxygen zone through aeration and pushing the third rotating cage to rotate while passing through
  • the rotating shaft drives the first rotating cage to rotate.
  • the bottoms of the hypoxic zone, micro-aerobic zone, aerobic zone and sedimentation zone in the water tank are all provided with mud discharge ports.
  • the upper part of the water tank is provided with a return channel connecting the aerobic zone and the anoxic zone.
  • the dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone in the water tank is greater than or equal to 5 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen in the micro-oxygen zone is 0.5-2 mg/L.
  • a partition plate is provided in the rotating cage to separate and confine the biological filler to different areas in the rotating cage.
  • the biological filler is a suspended biological filler with a specific surface area greater than 800 m 2 /m 3 , and the feed ratio of the biological filler in the rotating cage is greater than or equal to 50%.
  • the present invention also provides an efficient biological denitrification sewage treatment method, which includes the following steps:
  • the sewage is passed from the water inlet into the anoxic zone in the water tank.
  • the sewage flows through the rotating first rotating cage to fully contact the biological filler for denitrification and denitrification; the treated sewage flows into the top of the first partition
  • the second rotating cage flowing through the rotating cage is in full contact with the biological filler.
  • the biological film attached to the surface of the biological filler degrades and nitrates the sewage to achieve BOD removal and conversion of ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen ;
  • the treated sewage enters the sedimentation zone through the bottom opening of the second partition, and then is discharged from the water outlet.
  • the present invention provides a pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment and a high-efficiency biological denitrification sewage treatment method
  • the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment includes a water tank, a rotating and a gas diffusion assembly, and the rotating cage is arranged in the water tank
  • the rotating cage is filled with biological fillers, and the gas diffusion assembly is used to supply oxygen to the aerobic area in the water tank through aeration and to push the rotating cage to rotate; wherein, through the setting of the gas diffusion assembly, aeration can be
  • the biofilm on the biological filler in the rotating cage provides dissolved oxygen while pushing the rotating cage to rotate, so that the biofilm and sewage are fully contacted and mixed, and the nitrogen removal efficiency is improved; and its structure is simple, the equipment area is small, and the investment cost is low. Pneumatically driven, low energy consumption and simple maintenance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left view of the rotating cage in the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the pneumatic biological rotating cage device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left view of the rotating cage of the pneumatic biological rotating cage device shown in Figure 1;
  • the left and right views of the transfer cage of the biological rotating cage equipment are the same.
  • the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment of this embodiment includes a water tank 1, a rotating cage 2, and a gas diffusion assembly 3.
  • a partition assembly is provided inside the water tank 1, and the partition assembly includes a first partition 11, a second partition 12 spaced apart along the transverse axis of the water tank, and a second partition spaced along the transverse axis of the water tank 1.
  • a partition 11 is away from the third partition 13 on the side of the second partition 12, and the third partition 13, the first partition 11, and the second partition 12 separate the water tank 1 into an oxygen-deficient zone in turn along the transverse axis. 101, micro-oxygen zone 102, aerobic zone 103 and precipitation zone 104.
  • the bottom of the third partition 13 is not closed or an opening is left, so that the sewage in the hypoxic zone 101 can flow into the micro-oxygen zone 102 from the opening at the bottom of the third partition 13; the bottom of the first partition 11 is closed and no Opening, the sewage in the micro-aerobic zone 102 flows into the aerobic zone 103 from the top of the first partition 11; the bottom of the second partition 12 is not closed or an opening is left, so that the sewage in the aerobic zone 103 can flow from the second partition 12
  • the opening at the bottom flows into the precipitation zone 104.
  • the upper part of the hypoxic zone 101 is provided with a water inlet 14; in order to facilitate the interception of scum in the sewage, a filter component, such as a grille filter, can be set at the water inlet 14, and the trapped float can be removed by manual cleaning regularly. Slag; the upper part of the precipitation zone 104 is provided with a water outlet 15. In order to facilitate the discharge of sludge from various areas, the bottom of the hypoxic zone 101, the micro-aerobic zone 102, the aerobic zone 103 and the sedimentation zone 104 in the tank 1 are all provided with a sludge discharge port 16.
  • the above third partitions 13 are spaced apart along the transverse axis of the water tank 1 on the side of the first partition 11 away from the second partition 12; in other embodiments, the third partitions 13 may also be spaced along the transverse axis of the tank 1 Set between the first partition 11 and the second partition 12.
  • the third partition 13 is arranged to separate the micro-oxygen zone 102 between the hypoxic zone 101 and the aerobic zone 103, and the micro-oxygen zone 102 can be used as a buffer zone between the aerobic zone 103 and the hypoxic zone 101 to prevent A large amount of oxygen diffuses into the oxygen-deficient zone 101, thereby reducing the interference between each area, and fully completing the respective corresponding treatment reactions, thereby achieving efficient denitrification and ensuring the stability of the effluent water quality.
  • the setting of the above third partition 13 can also be eliminated.
  • the water tank 1 is sequentially divided into the hypoxic zone 101 along the transverse axis by the first partition 11 and the second partition 12 , Aerobic zone 103 and precipitation zone 104.
  • the water flow path is in a bent shape, which can make the sewage and the biological filler fully contact, so as to improve the sewage treatment efficiency.
  • the rotating cage 2 may be one or more.
  • the rotating cage is filled with biological fillers, and the rotating cage is set in the water tank 1 through the rotating shaft 21.
  • the rotating cage can be in the shape of a cylinder, a cone-shaped truncated cone, etc.
  • the outer frame is generally grid-shaped, and it can be made of one or more perforated plates or screens.
  • the joints can be connected by buckles, so as to realize the outer frame Opening and closing; the aperture of the perforated plate or screen is generally 5-40mm, and the material can be stainless steel, carbon steel, plastic or glass steel.
  • partition plates can be arranged in the rotating cage to separate and confine the biological fillers in different areas and improve the utilization rate of the biofilm of the biological fillers.
  • the partition plate generally uses a grid-shaped partition plate with a hole diameter of 5-40mm.
  • the basket 2 is generally completely immersed in the sink 1.
  • the rotating cage 2 specifically includes a first rotating cage 22, a second rotating cage 24, and a third rotating cage 23.
  • Each rotating cage is cylindrical, and the outer frame consists of two soft Two buckles 25 are arranged at the joint, and three grid-shaped partition plates 26 are arranged in each rotating cage.
  • the partition plates 26 are arranged through the central axis of the rotating cage and along the rotating cage.
  • the rotating cage is equally divided into 6 partitions in the radial direction, so as to evenly divide and confine the biological filler in each partition.
  • the first rotating cage 22, the third rotating cage 23, and the second rotating cage 24 are sequentially connected by a rotating shaft 21, and are respectively arranged in the hypoxic zone 101, the micro-aerobic zone 102 and the aerobic zone in the tank 1 along the transverse axis of the tank 1. 103.
  • the rotating shaft 21 includes a rotating shaft and a bearing. The rotating shaft passes through the central shafts of the first rotating cage 22, the third rotating cage 23 and the second rotating cage 24 in turn, and is fixedly connected with each rotating cage; both ends of the rotating shaft pass
  • the bearing is installed on the water tank 1, and the rotating shaft can rotate along the bearing.
  • the rotating cage 2 is filled with biological fillers.
  • the biological fillers can be made of polymer synthetic materials such as plastics and sponges. The shape can be cubes, cylinders or spheres.
  • the particle size is generally 8-50mm.
  • the surface of the biological fillers is provided with biofilm
  • the particle size of the biological filler is generally larger than the aperture of the outer frame of the rotating cage 2 and the aperture of the partition plate 26.
  • Biological fillers usually use suspended biological fillers, preferably suspended biological fillers with a specific surface area greater than 800 m 2 /m 3 , such as K-3 fillers; the feed ratio of biological fillers in the rotating cage 2 is generally greater than or equal to 50%.
  • the gas diffusion assembly 3 is used for supplying oxygen to the aerobic area in the water tank 1 and pushing the rotating cage to rotate through aeration.
  • the gas diffusion assembly 3 includes an air pump and an aeration head.
  • the air pump and the aeration head are connected by a gas pipe; the aeration head is generally located under the side of the rotating cage in the aerobic area and the air outlet faces the outer edge of the rotating cage to make the gas
  • the diffusion assembly 3 supplies oxygen to the aerobic area in the water tank 1 through aeration and drives the rotating cage to rotate.
  • the aerobic zone is the aerobic zone 103 and the micro-oxygen zone 102
  • the gas diffusion assembly 3 is arranged below the side of the second rotating cage 24 and the third rotating cage 23 for aeration to the aerobic zone 103 and the micro-oxygen zone 102 supply oxygen and push the second rotating cage 24 and the third rotating cage 23 to rotate, and then the first rotating cage 22 is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft 21.
  • the gas diffusion assembly 3 specifically includes an air pump 31, a gas flow meter 32, a gas path tube 33 and an aeration head 34, and the aeration head 34 is connected to the gas flow meter 32 and the air pump 31 through the gas path tube 33.
  • the aeration head 34 is arranged below the side of the second rotating cage 24 and the third rotating cage 23, and the air outlet faces the outer edge of the rotating cage, so as to supply oxygen to the aerobic zone 103 and the micro-aerobic zone 102 and push the first
  • the second rotating cage 24 and the third rotating cage 23 rotate while pushing the first rotating cage 22 in the hypoxic zone 101 to rotate through the rotating shaft 21 to increase the effective contact area between the pollutants in the sewage and the biofilm on the biological filler, and to achieve high efficiency nitrogen.
  • the aeration volume can be controlled by adjusting the air pump 31, and then the difference of dissolved oxygen in different areas in the tank 1 can be controlled according to demand, so as to form a biofilm controlled by different biological communities to achieve multiple functions of organic matter degradation, nitrification, and denitrification; Adjust the flow rate of the air pump 31 according to the sewage load, control the dissolved oxygen in the corresponding area in the tank 1 and the rotation speed of the rotating cage to adapt to the sewage changes of different loads, adjust the sewage treatment effect, ensure the effluent water quality, and reduce the treatment energy consumption.
  • the amount of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone 103 is generally greater than or equal to 5 mg/L, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the micro-oxygen zone 102 is 0.5-2 mg/L.
  • an efficient biofilm method is formed for sewage treatment.
  • the treated effluent does not need a secondary settling tank. If there is a small amount of sludge, it can be directly discharged into the natural water body after passing through the sedimentation zone 104 , Which can reduce the footprint.
  • the above micro-oxygen zone 102 serves as a buffer zone between the aerobic zone 103 and the hypoxic zone 101, which can prevent a large amount of oxygen from diffusing into the hypoxic zone 101.
  • the gas diffusion assembly 3 can also be set to become the aerobic zone through aeration. 103 While supplying oxygen and pushing the second rotating cage 24 to rotate, the first rotating cage 22 and the third rotating cage 23 are pushed to rotate through the rotating shaft 21, that is, the gas diffusion assembly that supplies oxygen to the micro-oxygen zone is not provided.
  • the upper part of the water tank 1 is also provided with a return channel 17 connecting the aerobic zone 103 and the anoxic zone 101. Due to the high-intensity aeration of the gas diffusion assembly 3, the water level in the aerobic zone 103 may rise. Through the setting of the return channel 17, the digestive liquid can enter the return channel 17 and return to the anoxic zone 101, and the influent carbon source is used to achieve denitrification Denitrification.
  • the water tank 1 is divided into different areas by arranging a partition assembly in the water tank 1, which includes an aerobic area and an anoxic area, and a rotating cage is provided in the aerobic area and the anoxic area.
  • the rotating cage is connected by a rotating shaft; the gas diffusion assembly 3 supplies oxygen to the aerobic area and pushes the rotating cage set in the aerobic area to rotate, thereby driving the rotating cage in the hypoxic area to rotate.
  • the above aerobic zone 103 and hypoxic zone 101 correspond to the aerobic zone and hypoxic zone respectively; while the micro-oxygen zone 102 serves as the buffer zone of the aerobic zone 103 and hypoxic zone 101, which can be understood as an aerobic zone or anoxic zone ; If it is used as an oxygen-deficient area, the oxygen required by the micro-oxygen zone 102 is obtained by diffusion in the aerobic zone.
  • the baffle assembly may not be provided.
  • the equipment is combined with other equipment for sewage treatment, and the equipment can be aerated through the gas diffusion assembly 3 during the treatment process to use the biological filler in the rotating cage for aerobic reaction Treatment;
  • a plurality of rotating cages are connected transversely through the rotating shaft 21, along the transverse axis of the water tank and on the side deviating from the water inlet 14 of the water tank 1 near the end of the water tank 1, a gas diffusion assembly 3 is provided to supply oxygen and promote rotation through aeration The cage rotates.
  • the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment of the above embodiments is pneumatically driven, and the subsequent maintenance is simple; the equipment can be used alone or in combination with other processes. After simple assembly, it can form an integrated equipment to achieve efficient and full-process sewage treatment;
  • the sewage treatment process is simple to operate, small in area, low in capital construction, operation and maintenance costs, and has a wide range of treated water, large, medium and small.
  • the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment shown in FIG. 1 is used for sewage treatment, and the operation process includes: separately opening the gas diffusion assembly 3 on the side of the aerobic zone 103 and the micro-aerobic zone 102, and aeration
  • the zone 103 and the micro-oxygen zone 102 supply oxygen, and push the second rotating cage 24 and the third rotating cage 23 to rotate.
  • the second rotating cage 24 and the third rotating cage 23 rotate at the same time to drive the hypoxic zone 101 through the rotating shaft 21.
  • a rotating cage 22 rotates; the sewage is passed from the water inlet 14 into the anoxic zone 101 in the tank 1, and the sewage flows through the rotating first rotating cage 22 to fully contact the biological filler to achieve denitrification through the action of denitrifying bacteria therein.
  • the treated sewage flows into the micro-oxygen zone 102 through the bottom of the third partition 13, and flows through the rotating third rotating cage 23 to fully contact the biological filler, so as to pass the simultaneous action of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the biological filler , To further realize nitrification and denitrification, and degrade a small amount of organic matter at the same time; the treated sewage flows into the aerobic zone 103 through the top of the first partition 11, and flows through the rotating second rotating cage 24 to fully contact the biological filler.
  • the biofilm attached to the biological filler under oxygen conditions degrades and nitrates the sewage to achieve BOD removal and conversion of ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen; the treated sewage enters the precipitation zone 104 through the bottom opening of the second partition 12, Then discharge from the water outlet 15.
  • the first partition and the second partition are used to separate the water tank into anoxic zone, aerobic zone and precipitation zone in order along the horizontal axis.
  • the bottom of the first partition between the aerobic zone and the aerobic zone is closed and no opening is left.
  • the sewage in the anoxic zone flows into the aerobic zone from the top of the first partition; the bottom of the second partition is not closed or has an opening to facilitate The sewage in the aerobic zone can flow into the sedimentation zone from the bottom opening of the second partition.
  • the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment of this structure is used for sewage treatment.
  • the operation steps are basically the same as the above treatment process using the pneumatic biological rotating cage equipment shown in Figure 1, except that the treatment process in the micro-oxygen zone is omitted.
  • the sewage flows into the aerobic zone from the top of the first partition after being treated in the anoxic zone for treatment.
  • the gas diffusion assembly and the rotating cage can also achieve high-efficiency nitrogen removal.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法，该气动式生物转笼设备包括水槽、转动和气体扩散组件，转笼设于水槽内，且转笼内填充有生物填料，气体扩散组件用于通过曝气向所述水槽内的需氧区域供氧和推动转笼转动。其中，通过以上气体扩散组件的设置，可通过曝气为转笼内生物填料上的生物膜提供溶解氧的同时推动转笼转动，从而实现生物膜和污水的充分接触混合，提高脱氮效率；且结构简单，设备占地面积小，投资成本低，通过气动式推动，能耗小，后期维护简单。

Description

一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法。
背景技术
随着中国经济的迅猛发展，水污染问题日益严峻。传统的污水脱氮处理技术是以缺氧-好氧为基础的活性污泥法，该技术脱氮效率不高，但能耗高、污泥易膨胀。近年来，以悬浮填料为基础的生物膜法逐渐受到人们的关注，被认为是未来最有可能替代传统活性污泥法的潜在技术，其运行效果的关键在于保证填料在设备内分布均匀，确保生物膜与污水充分接触，且不易脱落。生物转盘是另一种基于固定填料(转盘)的生物膜法处理工艺，但盘片结构复杂、制造加工费用较高、容积负荷低、不适宜处理大规模污水。近年来，随着我国乡镇及农村等小规模污水处理工程的不断增多，生物转盘工艺以其脱氮效果稳定、操作管理简单等优势，逐渐获得业内人士的青睐。但是与悬浮填料相比，转盘的有效表面积小，生物膜附着量不足，空间利用率低。传统的电动式生物转盘，需要减速箱、电机等转盘驱动装置，能耗高且维修工作量大，给农村等欠发达地区的长期使用维护造成不便。
发明内容
为了至少解决上述技术问题之一，本发明提供一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种气动式生物转笼设备，包括水槽、转笼和气体扩散组件；所述转笼设于所述水槽内，所述转笼内填充有生物填料；所述气体扩散组件用于通过曝气向所述水槽内的需氧区域供氧和推动所述转笼转动。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述水槽内设有隔板组件，所述隔板组件包括沿所述水槽的横轴向间隔设置的第一隔板和第二隔板，所述第一隔板和所述第二隔板将所述水槽沿横轴向依次分隔为缺氧区、好氧区和沉淀区；所述第二隔板的底部设有用于污水从好氧区流入沉淀区的开口；所述缺氧区的上部设有进水口，所述沉淀区的上部设有出水口；
所述转笼包括第一转笼和第二转笼，所述第一转笼和所述第二转笼通过转轴相连，且分 别设于所述水槽内的缺氧区和好氧区；所述气体扩散组件设于所述第二转笼的侧下方，用于通过曝气向好氧区供氧，以及推动所述第二转笼转动，进而通过所述转轴带动所述第一转笼转动。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述隔板组件还包括第三隔板，所述第三隔板沿所述水槽的横轴向间隔设于所述第一隔板背离所述第二隔板的一侧，或沿所述水槽的横轴向间隔设于所述第一隔板和所述第二隔板之间，以在所述水槽内的缺氧区和好氧区之间形成微氧区；缺氧区和微氧区之间的所述第一隔板或所述第三隔板的底部设有用于污水从缺氧区流域微氧区的开口；所述转笼还包括第三转笼，所述第三转笼通过所述转轴设于所述微氧区内。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述第三转笼的侧下方设有所述气体扩散组件，用于通过曝气向微氧区供氧，以及推动所述第三转笼转动，同时通过所述转轴带动所述第一转笼转动。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述水槽内缺氧区、微氧区、好氧区和沉淀区的底部均设有排泥口。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述水槽的上部设有连通好氧区和缺氧区的回流渠。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述水槽内好氧区的溶氧量大于或等于5mg/L，微氧区的溶氧量为0.5～2mg/L。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述转笼内设有分隔板，用于将所述生物填料分隔限定在所述转笼内的不同区域。
根据本发明一具体实施例，所述生物填料选用比表面积大于800m 2/m 3的悬浮生物填料，所述生物填料在所述转笼内的投料比大于或等于50％。
另外，本发明还提供了一种高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、采用以上任一种气动式生物转笼设备，先开启气体扩散组件通过曝气向好氧区供氧，以及推动第二转笼转动，进而通过转轴带动其他转笼转动；
S2、将污水从进水口通入水槽内的缺氧区，污水流经旋转的第一转笼与生物填料充分接触以进行反硝化脱氮；经处理后的污水通过第一隔板的顶部流入好氧区，流经旋转的第二转笼与生物填料充分接触，在有氧条件下生物填料表面附着生长的生物膜对污水进行降解和硝化反应，实现BOD的去除和将氨氮转化为硝氮；处理后的污水再经第二隔板的底部开口进入沉淀区，再从出水口排出。
本发明的有益技术效果是：本发明提供一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法；该气动式生物转笼设备包括水槽、转动和气体扩散组件，转笼设于水槽内，且转笼内填充有生物填料，气体扩散组件用于通过曝气向所述水槽内的需氧区域供氧和推动转笼 转动；其中，通过气体扩散组件的设置，可通过曝气为转笼内生物填料上的生物膜提供溶解氧的同时推动转笼转动，从而使生物膜和污水的充分接触混合，提高脱氮效率；且其结构简单，设备占地面积小，投资成本低，通过气动式推动，能耗小，后期维护简单。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图做简单说明。
图1是本发明气动式生物转笼设备一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是图1所示气动式生物转笼设备中转笼的左视图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例和附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整的描述，以充分地理解本发明的目的、方案和效果。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，如无特殊说明，当某一特征被称为“固定”、“连接”在另一个特征，它可以直接固定、连接在另一个特征上，也可以间接地固定、连接在另一个特征上。此外，本发明中所使用的上、下、左、右等描述仅仅是相对于附图中本发明各组成部分的相互位置关系来说的，而术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本发明的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，在不冲突的情况下本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1和图2，图1是本发明气动式生物转笼设备一实施例的结构示意图，图2是图1所示气动式生物转笼设备中转笼的左视图；图1中气动式生物转笼设备中转笼的左视图和右视图相同。如图1所示，本实施例气动式生物转笼设备包括水槽1、转笼2、气体扩散组件3。
在本实施例中，水槽1内部设有隔板组件，隔板组件包括沿水槽的横轴向间隔设置的第一隔板11、第二隔板12以及沿水槽1横轴向间隔设于第一隔板11背离第二隔板12一侧上的第三隔板13，第三隔板13、第一隔板11、第二隔板12将水槽1沿横轴向依次分隔为缺氧 区101、微氧区102、好氧区103和沉淀区104。第三隔板13的底部不封闭或留有开口，以便于缺氧区101的污水可以从第三隔板13底部的开口流入微氧区102；第一隔板11的底部封闭且不留有开口，微氧区102的污水从第一隔板11顶部流入好氧区103；第二隔板12的底部不封闭或留有开口，以便于好氧区103的污水可以从第二隔板12底部的开口流入沉淀区104。缺氧区101的上部设有进水口14；为了便于截留污水中的浮渣，可在进水口14处设置过滤部件，如格栅过滤网，进而可定期通过人工清理的方式去除截留下来的浮渣；沉淀区104的上部设有出水口15。为了便于各区域污泥的排出，在水槽1内缺氧区101、微氧区102、好氧区103和沉淀区104的底部均设有排泥口16。
以上第三隔板13沿水槽1横轴向间隔设于第一隔板11背离第二隔板12的一侧；在其他实施例中，第三隔板13也可沿水槽1横轴向间隔设于第一隔板11和第二隔板12之间。第三隔板13的设置是为了在缺氧区101和好氧区103之间分隔出微氧区102，而微氧区102可作为好氧区103和缺氧区101的缓冲区，可防止大量氧气扩散到缺氧区101，从而减小各区域之间的干扰，充分完成各自对应的处理反应，进而实现高效脱氮，保证出水水质的稳定。当然，在其他实施例中，也可取消以上第三隔板13的设置，相应地，而通过第一隔板11和第二隔板12将水槽1沿横轴向依次分隔为缺氧区101、好氧区103和沉淀区104。另外，各隔板通过采用以上设置方式，水流路线呈弯折形，可使污水与生物填料充分接触，以提高污水处理效率。
转笼2具体可为一个或多个，转笼内填充有生物填料，转笼通过转轴21设于水槽1内。转笼可呈圆柱体、锥形圆台形等，其外框一般呈网格状，具体可由一块或多块多孔板或筛网制成，连接处可采用卡扣连接，从而可实现外框的开合；多孔板或筛网的孔径一般为5～40mm，材料可选用不锈钢、碳钢、塑料或玻璃钢。为了保证转笼内的生物填料分布均匀，可在转笼内设置分隔板，以将生物填料分隔限定在不同区域，提高生物填料的生物膜的利用率。分隔板一般采用网格状分隔板，孔径为5～40mm。转笼2在水槽1内一般为完全浸没式。
请参阅图1和图2，在本实施例中，转笼2具体包括第一转笼22、第二转笼24和第三转笼23，各转笼呈圆柱状，外框由两块软性塑料片拼接而成，连接处设有两个卡扣25，各转笼内均设有三块网格状的分隔板26，分隔板26通过转笼的中心轴设置，且沿转笼径向将转笼平均分为6个分区，以用于将生物填料均匀分隔限定在各分区内。第一转笼22、第三转笼23和第二转笼24通过转轴21依次相连，沿水槽1的横轴向分别设于水槽1内的缺氧区101、微氧区102和好氧区103。转轴21包括转动轴和轴承，转动轴依次穿设于第一转笼22、第三转笼23和第二转笼24的中心轴上，且与各转笼固定连接；转动轴的两端通过轴承安装于水 槽1上，转动轴可沿轴承转动。
转笼2内填充有生物填料，生物填料可由塑料、海绵等高分子合成材料制成，其形状可为立方体、圆柱体或球体，粒径一般为8～50mm，生物填料的表面设有生物膜；生物填料的粒径一般大于转笼2外框的孔径和分隔板26的孔径。生物填料通常采用悬浮生物填料，优选采用比表面积大于800m 2/m 3的悬浮生物填料，如K-3填料；生物填料在转笼2内的投料比一般大于或等于50％。
气体扩散组件3用于通过曝气向水槽1内的需氧区域供氧和推动转笼转动。气体扩散组件3包含气泵和曝气头，气泵和曝气头通过气路管连接；曝气头一般设于需氧区域内转笼的侧下方且出气口朝向转笼的外缘，以使气体扩散组件3通过曝气向水槽1内的需氧区域供氧和推动转笼转动。在本实施例中，需氧区域为好氧区103和微氧区102，气体扩散组件3设于第二转笼24和第三转笼23的侧下方，用于通过曝气向好氧区103和微氧区102供氧和推动第二转笼24和第三转笼23转动，进而通过转轴21带动第一转笼22转动。气体扩散组件3具体包括气泵31、气体流量计32、气路管33和曝气头34，曝气头34通过气路管33连接气体流量计32和气泵31。曝气头34设于第二转笼24和第三转笼23的侧下方且出气口朝向转笼的外缘，以便于通过曝气向好氧区103和微氧区102供氧及推动第二转笼24和第三转笼23转动的同时通过转轴21推动缺氧区101的第一转笼22转动，以提高污水中的污染物与生物填料上生物膜的有效接触面积，实现高效脱氮。另外，可通过调节气泵31，控制曝气量，进而根据需求控制水槽1内不同区域内溶解氧的差异，形成不同生物群落控制的生物膜，实现有机物降解、硝化、反硝化多重功能；并可根据污水负荷调节气泵31的流速，控制水槽1内对应区域的溶氧和转笼的转速，以适应不同负荷的污水变化，调节污水的处理效果，保证出水水质，减少处理能耗。其中，好氧区103的溶氧量一般大于或等于5mg/L，微氧区102的溶氧量为0.5～2mg/L。另外，通过以上气体扩散组件3与转笼配合，形成高效生物膜法以进行污水处理，经处理的出水不需二沉池，若有少量污泥，经沉淀区104后可直接排入自然水体，从而可减少占地面积。
以上微氧区102作为好氧区103和缺氧区101的缓冲区，可防止大量氧气扩散到缺氧区101，在其他实施例中，也可设置气体扩散组件3通过曝气为好氧区103供氧及推动第二转笼24转动的同时通过转轴21推动第一转笼22和第三转笼23转动，即不设置为微氧区供氧的气体扩散组件。
另外，在本实施例中，水槽1的上部还设有连通好氧区103和缺氧区101的回流渠17。由于气体扩散组件3高强度曝气可能导致好氧区103的水位升高，通过回流渠17的设置，消 化液可进入回流渠17并回流至缺氧区101，利用进水碳源实现反硝化脱氮作用。
以上实施例中，通过在水槽1内设置隔板组件，以将水槽1划分为不同的区域，其中包含需氧区域和缺氧区域，需氧区域和缺氧区域内均设有转笼，各转笼通过转轴连接；通过气体扩散组件3向需氧区域供氧和推动需氧区域内设置的转笼转动，进而带动缺氧区域的转笼转动。以上好氧区103和缺氧区101分别对应为需氧区域和缺氧区域；而微氧区102作为好氧区103和缺氧区101的缓冲区，可理解为需氧区域或者缺氧区域；若作为缺氧区域，微氧区102所需的氧气通过好氧区扩散获得。在其他实施例中，也可不设置隔板组件，该设备与其他设备结合进行污水处理，且在处理过程中该设备可通过气体扩散组件3曝气，以利用转笼内生物填料进行好氧反应处理；或者，通过转轴21横向连接多个转笼，沿水槽横轴向且在偏离水槽1进水口14的一侧靠近水槽1端处设置气体扩散组件3以通过曝气进行供氧和推动转笼转动。
以上实施例的气动式生物转笼设备采用气动式推动，后期维护简单；该设备可单独使用，也可与其他工艺组合使用，经过简单组装可形成一体化设备，实现污水的高效全流程处理；污水处理过程操作简单，占地面积小，基建、运行及维护成本低，处理水量范围广，大中小均可。
采用以上实施例气动式生物转笼设备进行污水处理，可实现高效脱氮。具体地，例如采用图1所示的气动式生物转笼设备进行污水处理，其操作过程包括：分别开启好氧区103和微氧区102侧下方的气体扩散组件3，通过曝气向好氧区103和微氧区102进行供氧，并推动第二转笼24和第三转笼23转动，第二转笼24和第三转笼23转动的同时通过转轴21带动缺氧区101的第一转笼22转动；将污水从进水口14通入水槽1内的缺氧区101，污水流经旋转的第一转笼22与生物填料充分接触以通过其中的反硝菌作用实现反硝化脱氮；经处理后的污水通过第三隔板13的底部流入微氧区102，流经旋转的第三转笼23与生物填料充分接触，以通过生物填料中的硝化菌和反硝化菌同步作用，进一步实现硝化和反硝化作用，同时降解少量有机物；经处理后的污水再通过第一隔板11顶部流入好氧区103，流经旋转的第二转笼24与生物填料充分接触，在有氧条件下生物填料上附着生长的生物膜对污水进行降解和硝化反应，实现BOD的去除和将氨氮转化为硝氮；处理后的污水再经第二隔板12的底部开口进入沉淀区104，再从出水口15排出。
采用以上气动式转笼设备并按照以上方法分别对不同地方的不同污水进行处理实验，得出污水总氮的去除率可达80％，出水总氮浓度低于20mg/L，满足一级B的污水排放标准。
若气动式生物转笼设备的水槽内不含微氧区，其中通过第一隔板和第二隔板以将水槽沿 横轴向依次分隔为缺氧区、好氧区和沉淀区，缺氧区和好氧区之间的第一隔板底部封闭且不留有开口，缺氧区的污水从第一隔板顶部流入好氧区；第二隔板的底部不封闭或留有开口，以便于好氧区的污水可以从第二隔板的底部开口流入沉淀区。采用该结构的气动式生物转笼设备进行污水处理，其操作步骤与以上采用图1所示气动式生物转笼设备的处理过程基本相同，不同之处在于：省去了微氧区的处理过程，污水在缺氧区经处理后从第一隔板的顶部流入好氧区进行处理。通过气体扩散组件与转笼配合，同样可实现高效脱氮。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明，但所属领域的技术人员应该明白，在不脱离所述权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内，在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化，均为本发明的保护范围。

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  1. 一种气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，包括水槽、转笼和气体扩散组件；所述转笼设于所述水槽内，所述转笼内填充有生物填料；所述气体扩散组件用于通过曝气向所述水槽内的需氧区域供氧和推动所述转笼转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述水槽内设有隔板组件，所述隔板组件包括沿所述水槽的横轴向间隔设置的第一隔板和第二隔板，所述第一隔板和所述第二隔板将所述水槽沿横轴向依次分隔为缺氧区、好氧区和沉淀区；所述第二隔板的底部设有用于污水从好氧区流入沉淀区的开口；所述缺氧区的上部设有进水口，所述沉淀区的上部设有出水口；
    所述转笼包括第一转笼和第二转笼，所述第一转笼和所述第二转笼通过转轴相连，且分别设于所述水槽内的缺氧区和好氧区；所述气体扩散组件设于所述第二转笼的侧下方，用于通过曝气向好氧区供氧，以及推动所述第二转笼转动，进而通过所述转轴带动所述第一转笼转动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述隔板组件还包括第三隔板；所述第三隔板沿所述水槽的横轴向间隔设于所述第一隔板背离所述第二隔板的一侧，或沿所述水槽的横轴向间隔设于所述第一隔板和所述第二隔板之间，以在所述水槽内的缺氧区和好氧区之间形成微氧区；缺氧区和微氧区之间的所述第一隔板或所述第三隔板的底部设有用于污水从缺氧区流域微氧区的开口；所述转笼还包括第三转笼，所述第三转笼通过所述转轴设于所述微氧区内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述第三转笼的侧下方设有所述气体扩散组件，用于通过曝气向微氧区供氧，以及推动所述第三转笼转动，同时通过所述转轴带动所述第一转笼转动。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述水槽内缺氧区、微氧区、好氧区和沉淀区的底部均设有排泥口。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述水槽的上部设有连通好氧区和缺氧区的回流渠。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述水槽内好氧区的溶氧量大于或等于5mg/L，微氧区的溶氧量为0.5～2mg/L。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述转笼内设有分隔板，用于将所述生物填料分隔限定在所述转笼内的不同区域。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的气动式生物转笼设备，其特征在于，所述生物填料选用比表面积 大于800m 2/m 3的悬浮生物填料，所述生物填料在所述转笼内的投料比大于或等于50％。
  10. 一种高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、采用权利要求2-9中任一项所述的气动式生物转笼设备，先开启气体扩散组件通过曝气向好氧区域供氧和推动第二转笼转动，进而通过转轴带动其他转笼转动；
    S2、将污水从进水口通入水槽内的缺氧区，污水流经旋转的第一转笼与生物填料充分接触以进行反硝化脱氮；经处理后的污水通过第一隔板的顶部流入好氧区，流经旋转的第二转笼与生物填料充分接触，在有氧条件下生物填料上附着生长的生物膜对污水进行降解和硝化反应，实现BOD的去除和将氨氮转化为硝氮；处理后的污水再经第二隔板的底部开口进入沉淀区，再从出水口排出。
PCT/CN2020/102844 2019-05-29 2020-07-17 一种气动式生物转笼设备和高效生物脱氮的污水处理方法 WO2020239141A1 (zh)

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