WO2020238020A1 - 一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统 - Google Patents

一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238020A1
WO2020238020A1 PCT/CN2019/115481 CN2019115481W WO2020238020A1 WO 2020238020 A1 WO2020238020 A1 WO 2020238020A1 CN 2019115481 W CN2019115481 W CN 2019115481W WO 2020238020 A1 WO2020238020 A1 WO 2020238020A1
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tail water
water treatment
biological filter
filter
electrode array
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PCT/CN2019/115481
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English (en)
French (fr)
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江兴龙
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集美大学
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Publication of WO2020238020A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238020A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/10—Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/14—NH3-N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal system for treating aquaculture tail water.
  • the surface of the anode iron is easily passivated by the dense coating formed by the oxide, causing the electrolysis to fail to proceed normally, requiring regular cleaning or replacement, which will result in periodic interruptions in production and affect work efficiency. It also generates new waste water and increases costs.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an efficient denitrification and dephosphorization system for treating aquaculture tail water, which has high denitrification and dephosphorization treatment efficiency, small footprint, no need for air pump oxygenation, energy saving, low cost, No secondary pollution, easy management and other advantages.
  • the present invention is realized as follows:
  • An efficient denitrification and dephosphorization system for treating aquaculture tail water includes a tail water treatment biological filter, a suspended filler, a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination, an electric stirring device, and a carbon source supplement device.
  • the suspended filler is provided In the tail water treatment biological filter, the direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination is arranged at the upper part of the tail water treatment biological filter, and the electric stirring device is arranged at the lower part of the tail water treatment biological filter.
  • a sludge bucket is arranged at the bottom of the tail water treatment biological filter, the electric stirring device is arranged above the sludge bucket, and the carbon source supplement device is connected to the tail water treatment biological filter through a pipeline;
  • the volume ratio of the suspended filler to the water in the tail water treatment biological filter is 20% to 50%, and the density of the suspended filler is 0.92 to 0.98 g/cm3;
  • the anode in the DC cathode and anode electrode array combination is Iron, the cathode is iron, carbon or copper;
  • the rotating speed of the electric stirring device is 100-300 r/min.
  • the suspended filler is made of high-density polyethylene, with a specific surface area greater than 500 m2/m3.
  • the distance between adjacent electrodes of the DC cathode and anode electrode array combination is 2-30 cm
  • the operating voltage and current are respectively: the DC voltage is 12-36 V
  • the micro-current density is 0.1-1.0 mA/cm2.
  • the tail water treatment biological filter is a combination of 2 to 3 tank bodies in series, and part or all of the tank bodies can be equipped with a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination.
  • the invention mainly integrates iron cation phosphate precipitation reaction, iron cation hydrate and its polymer's flocculation precipitation effect on phosphorus and other particles, and nitrification through a series of physical, chemical and microbiological effects produced in the aquaculture tail water treatment tank. Reaction and denitrification reaction, etc., to achieve continuous, stable and efficient phosphorus and nitrogen removal, organic matter degradation and suspended solids concentration reduction effects. It has the advantages of simple device structure, less sludge production and no secondary pollution. The small amount of precipitated sludge produced can be removed from the system through regular sewage discharge.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal system for treating aquaculture tail water according to the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal system for treating aquaculture tail water.
  • the system includes tail water treatment biological filter 1, suspended filler 2, direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination 3, electric stirring device 4, and A carbon source supplement device, the suspended filler 2 is arranged in the tail water treatment biological filter 1, the direct current cathode and anode electrode array assembly 3 is arranged on the upper part of the tail water treatment biological filter 1, the electric stirring device 4 It is arranged at the lower part of the tail water treatment biological filter 1, the bottom of the tail water treatment biological filter 1 is provided with a sludge bucket 5, the electric stirring device 4 is arranged above the sludge bucket 5, and the carbon source
  • the supplementary device is connected to the tail water treatment biological filter 1 through a pipeline 6;
  • the volume ratio of the suspended filler 2 to the water in the tail water treatment biological filter 1 is 20% to 50%, and the density of the suspended filler 2 is 0.92 to 0.98 g/cm3; the direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination In 3, the anode is iron, and the cathode is iron, carbon or copper; the rotational speed of the electric stirring device 4 is 100-300 r/min.
  • the suspended filler 2 is made of high-density polyethylene with a specific surface area greater than 500 m2/m3.
  • the distance between adjacent electrodes of the direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination 3 is 2-30 cm, the operating voltage and current are respectively: the direct current voltage is 12 to 36 V, and the micro current density is 0.1 to 1.0 mA/cm 2.
  • the tail water treatment biological filter 1 is a series combination of 2 to 3 tank bodies, and part or all of the tank bodies can be equipped with a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination 3.
  • Utilizing the dissolved oxygen contained in the aquaculture tail water and the oxygen generated by the electrolysis of the iron anode water can provide a large number of nitrosating and nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm attached to the suspended filler 2 with the dissolved oxygen required for the nitrification reaction, so that the ammonia nitrogen It is converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, so there is no need to set up air pump to increase oxygen; at the same time, due to the rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen, the water in the pool, especially the underwater layer of the pool, quickly forms an anoxic or anaerobic water environment, which promotes the denitrification and denitrification reaction The progress.
  • the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria present in the pond use the organic carbon source in the aquaculture water as an electron donor to cause a denitrification reaction, so that the nitrate nitrogen will eventually generate nitrogen through the denitrification reaction and overflow the system to be removed.
  • the hydrogen produced by the cathode electrolysis of water can be used as an electron donor for hydrogen autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, and the CO2 in the tail water can provide an inorganic carbon source for these autotrophic bacteria, and an autotrophic denitrification reaction occurs to make nitrate nitrogen. After denitrification, nitrogen is generated and overflows the system to be removed.
  • the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water can stimulate the growth and metabolism of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of the suspended filler 2.
  • the redox substances produced by the electrolysis provide a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and help the growth of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
  • the denitrification process provides inorganic carbon sources and electron donors to further promote the autotrophic denitrification process, thereby improving the removal of total nitrogen.
  • the micro current can strengthen the bacteria and other microorganisms in the biofilm on the suspended filler 2, change the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, and help the enzymes in the bacterial cell membrane to pass through the cell membrane to the wastewater for a series of enzymatic reactions. It increases the contact between the enzymes in the cell membrane and the reaction substrate in the water, thereby enhancing the effect of degrading nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater to a certain extent; in addition, the microcurrent can also directly stimulate and strengthen the activity of extracellular enzymes secreted by certain bacteria. Promote the degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the water.
  • supplementary carbon sources such as brown sugar are added. It can be equipped with automatic dosing device, regularly add a certain amount of brown sugar to the solution tank, start the mixer for dissolution, and automatically put a certain amount into the pool through the pipe 6 through the metering pump to continuously and quickly promote the heterotrophic denitrification reaction The progress.
  • heterotrophic denitrification is several times (about 7 times) faster than autotrophic denitrification, at the same time, the population growth and propagation speed of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria are higher than that of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Therefore, adding additional organic carbon sources such as brown sugar can significantly accelerate denitrification and denitrification.
  • the removal rate of TP has a certain positive correlation with the removal rate of TN, that is, when the TN removal effect is good, TP also has a good removal effect.
  • the iron electrode can provide electrons required for denitrification reaction, has a certain enhanced denitrification effect, promotes the reduction of the mass concentration of NO3--N and TN, and is beneficial to promote the phosphorus accumulating bacteria in the filler biofilm and in the water. Phosphorus removal, synergistically promotes the removal of TP.
  • the supplementary carbon source used in the present invention efficiently promotes the denitrification device, which greatly promotes the continuous progress of denitrification, and promotes the reduction of the mass concentration of NO3--N and TN.
  • the electrode-suspended filler coupling technology of the present invention and the supplementary carbon source efficiently promote the integration and integration of the denitrification technology and cooperate with each other to improve the efficiency and removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
  • Influent refers to the aquaculture tail water
  • effluent refers to the discharged water after treatment in the treatment tank.
  • the highest removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture tail water treated by the present invention is 99.4%; the highest removal rate of total nitrogen is 96.6%, and the highest removal rate of total phosphorus is 96%.
  • the present invention mainly integrates iron cation phosphate precipitation reaction, iron cation hydrate and its polymer's flocculation and precipitation effect on phosphorus and other particles through a series of physical, chemical and microbiological effects produced in the aquaculture tail water treatment pond. , Nitrification and denitrification reactions, etc., to achieve continuous, stable and efficient phosphorus and nitrogen removal, organic matter degradation and reduced suspended solids concentration effects. It can also prevent passivation of the anode iron surface due to adhesion of oxides, ensure the normal progress of the electrode electrolysis reaction, and improve the efficiency of sewage treatment. It has the advantages of simple device structure, less sludge production and no secondary pollution. The small amount of precipitated sludge produced can be removed from the system through regular sewage discharge.
  • ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index of the discharged water from the aquaculture tail water treated by the system of the present invention have reached Class III in the National Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) The water quality standards, and some even reached Class II water quality standards. It also complies with the first-level discharge standard stipulated in "Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Discharge Requirements" (SC/T 9101).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，所述系统包括尾水处理生物滤池、悬浮填料、直流阴阳电极列阵组合、电动搅拌装置以及碳源补充装置，所述悬浮填料设置在尾水处理生物滤池内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池的上部，所述电动搅拌装置设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池的下部，所述尾水处理生物滤池的底部设置有污泥斗，所述电动搅拌装置设置在污泥斗上方，所述碳源补充装置通过管道连接至尾水处理生物滤池；所述悬浮填料与所述尾水处理生物滤池内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm 3。本发明具有脱氮除磷处理效率高、占地面积小、无需气泵增氧、节能、成本低、无二次污染、管理简便等优点。

Description

一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统。
 背景技术
我国是水产养殖大国，养殖产量约占世界养殖产量的68%，其中，池塘养殖产量约占45%。但池塘养殖尾水和工厂化养殖尾水都基本未经处理直接排放，由于养殖尾水中一般都含有较高的氮和磷，导致了对周边水域环境不同程度的富营养化污染。为保护水域生态环境，无论是各级政府或是社会都要求必须开展对养殖尾水的处理，使排放水的水质能符合国家的相关环保要求，如符合《淡水养殖尾水排放要求》（SC/T 9101）、国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类水质标准、《海水养殖尾水排放要求》（SC/T 9103）等。当前的池塘养殖尾水或工厂化养殖尾水处理技术，主要采用人工湿地技术、生态塘技术及综合应用化学辅助除磷技术，如氯化铝（PAC）辅助除磷等进行脱氮除磷，虽然有一定的脱氮除磷效果，但存在占地面积大，脱氮除磷处理效率不高，运行成本较高、处理效果稳定性较差及如果长期使用大量化学药剂可能导致二次污染等问题。许多水产养殖场因受土地面积限制和处理成本高的问题，未能开展尾水排放处理，污染了周边水域环境或面临因环保不达标而被强制停产的问题。
另，现有的电极电解时，阳极铁表面容易被氧化物所形成的致密覆盖层所钝化，导致电解无法正常进行，需要定期清洗或者更换，这将导致生产要定期中断，影响工作效率，同时还产生新的废水以及增加成本。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题，在于提供一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，其具有脱氮除磷处理效率高、占地面积小、无需气泵增氧、节能、成本低、无二次污染、管理简便等优点。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的：
一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，所述系统包括尾水处理生物滤池、悬浮填料、直流阴阳电极列阵组合、电动搅拌装置以及碳源补充装置，所述悬浮填料设置在尾水处理生物滤池内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池的上部，所述电动搅拌装置设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池的下部，所述尾水处理生物滤池的底部设置有污泥斗，所述电动搅拌装置设置在污泥斗上方，所述碳源补充装置通过管道连接至尾水处理生物滤池；
所述悬浮填料与所述尾水处理生物滤池内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm3；所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合中阳极为铁，阴极为铁、碳或铜；所述电动搅拌装置的转速为100~300r/min。
进一步地，所述悬浮填料为高密度聚乙烯材质，比表面积大于500m2/m3。
进一步地，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合的相邻电极之间的间距为2-30cm，运行电压和电流分别为：直流电压为12～36 V，微电流密度为0.1～1.0 mA/cm2。
进一步地，所述尾水处理生物滤池为2~3个池体串联组合，可部分或全部池体设置直流阴阳电极列阵组合。
 有益效果
本发明具有如下优点：
本发明主要通过在养殖尾水处理池中产生的系列物理、化学和微生物作用，综合铁阳离子磷酸盐沉析反应、铁阳离子水化物及其多聚物对磷及其他颗粒物的絮凝沉淀作用、硝化反应和反硝化反应等，达到持续、稳定、高效的除磷脱氮、降解有机质和降低悬浮物浓度效果。具有装置结构简单、产污泥量少和无二次污染等优点。产生的少量沉淀污泥可通过定期排污而去除离开系统。
 附图说明
下面参照附图结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
参阅图1，本发明涉及一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，所述系统包括尾水处理生物滤1、悬浮填料2、直流阴阳电极列阵组合3、电动搅拌装置4以及碳源补充装置，所述悬浮填料2设置在尾水处理生物滤池1内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合3设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池1的上部，所述电动搅拌装置4设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池1的下部，所述尾水处理生物滤池1的底部设置有污泥斗5，所述电动搅拌装置4设置在污泥斗5上方，所述碳源补充装置通过管道6连接至尾水处理生物滤池1；
所述悬浮填料2与所述尾水处理生物滤池1内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料2的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm3；所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合3中阳极为铁，阴极为铁、碳或铜；所述电动搅拌装置4的转速为100~300r/min。
所述悬浮填料2为高密度聚乙烯材质，比表面积大于500m2/m3。
所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合3的相邻电极之间的间距为2-30cm，运行电压和电流分别为：直流电压为12～36 V，微电流密度为0.1～1.0 mA/cm2。
所述尾水处理生物滤池1为2~3个池体串联组合，可部分或全部池体设置直流阴阳电极列阵组合3。
本发明的工作原理如下：
（1）由于直流阴阳电极列阵组合3的直流电场的作用，铁（阳极）生成大量的铁阳离子，产生的大量 Fe2+ 和 Fe3+与养殖尾水中的磷酸盐发生沉析反应，形成颗粒状、非溶解性的物质而沉降于尾水处理生物滤池1的底部污泥斗5内；同时，铁阳离子经过一系列水解聚合反应，Fe2+ 和 Fe3+以及它们的水化物如氢氧化铁等对磷都具有较强的絮凝、沉淀作用，还可生成具有吸附凝聚作用的多聚物，如部份 Fe3+ 水解产生的如 [Fe2(OH)2]4+、[Fe3(OH)4]5+、[Fe5(OH)9]6+ 等多核羟基络合物，可以起到絮凝剂的作用，能与养殖尾水中一些悬浮物质（含悬浮态磷，包括生物磷和难溶磷酸盐颗粒）、颗粒物质和电解质等发生沉聚作用，而沉降于尾水处理生物滤池1的底部污泥斗5内。
（2）利用养殖尾水中含有的溶解氧及铁阳极电解水而产生的氧气，可为悬浮填料2附着的生物膜中大量的亚硝化和硝化细菌提供进行硝化反应所需要的溶解氧，使氨氮转化为亚硝酸氮和硝酸氮，因此不需设置气泵增氧；同时，由于溶解氧的迅速消耗，使池内水体，特别是池水下层快速形成缺氧或厌氧水环境，推动反硝化脱氮反应的进行。
（3）池中存在的异养反硝化菌利用养殖水中的有机碳源做电子供体，发生反硝化反应，使硝酸盐氮最终经反硝化反应生成氮气而溢出系统从而被去除。
（4）阴极电解水产生的氢气，可以作为氢自养反硝化细菌的电子供体，而尾水中的CO2可为这些自养菌提供无机碳源，发生自养反硝化反应，使硝酸盐氮经反硝化反应生成氮气而溢出系统从而被去除。
此外，电解水产生的氢气，可刺激悬浮填料2表面附着的自养反硝化菌的生长代谢，同时，电解产生的氧化还原物质为微生物生长繁殖提供了适宜的环境，为自养反硝化菌的反硝化过程提供无机碳源和电子供体，进一步促进自养反硝化过程，从而提高了对总氮的去除。
（5）利用悬浮填料2的密度（0.92～0.98g/cm3）接近于淡水，在尾水处理生物滤池水体中易形成均匀的悬浮态，同时，在电动搅拌装置4的持续慢速搅动与水流流经下，可形成流化态，使悬浮填料2附着的生物膜容易与养殖废水中的污染物质持续流动接触，不仅有助于提高硝化反应及反硝化反应的速率，而且有利于悬浮填料2与水流不断摩擦与流经电极表面，同等体积下密度为0.92～0.98g/cm3的悬浮填料摩擦力更大，能更好的去除（阳极）铁的表面被氧化物，防止（阳极）铁的表面被氧化物形成致密覆盖层而被钝化，影响电极电解反应的正常进行，有效解决了（阳极）铁的钝化问题。
   （6）微电流可对悬浮填料2上生物膜中细菌等微生物起强化作用，可改变细菌细胞膜的通透性，有助于细菌细胞膜内的酶通过细胞膜至废水中进行系列的酶促反应，增加了胞膜内的酶与水中反应底物的接触，从而一定程度上加强了降解养殖废水中氮磷的效果；此外，微电流也可直接刺激强化某些细菌分泌的胞外酶的活性，促进对水中氮磷及其他污染物的降解。
（7）由于养殖尾水中的有机碳浓度一般较低，很快将被消耗完毕，为促进池中异养反硝化反应的进行，进行补充碳源如红糖等的投放。可配置自动投加装置，定期将一定量的红糖加入溶液桶，启动搅伴机进行溶解，经计量泵，通过管道6按一定的量自动投入池中，以持续快速地促进异养反硝化反应的进行。
由于异养反硝化的反应速率要几倍（约7倍）快速于自养反硝化反应，同时，异养反硝化菌的种群生长和扩繁速度均高于自养反硝化菌群。因此添加如红糖等补充有机碳源，可明显加速反硝化脱氮。
而TP 的去除率与 TN 去除率具有一定的正相关性，即TN 去除效果好时，TP 也具有较好的去除效果。本发明中，铁电极可提供反硝化反应需要的电子，具有一定的强化反硝化作用，促进NO3--N 和TN质量浓度的下降，有利于促进填料生物膜中及水体中的聚磷菌生物除磷，协同促进TP的去除。此外，本发明使用的补充碳源高效促进反硝化装置，极大地促进了反硝化的持续进行，促进NO3--N 和TN质量浓度的下降。协同促进了持续深度去除TP浓度。因此，本发明的电极-悬浮填料耦合技术与补充碳源高效促进反硝化技术集成融合一体，互相协同，提升了脱氮除磷效率和去除率。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
应用上述系统方法，构建了养殖尾水脱氮除磷处理池，对鳗鱼池塘养殖和工厂化养殖尾水进行氮磷和有机质的深度处理，结果数据如下：
因子（mg/L） 进水 出水 进水 出水 进水 出水 进水 出水 进水 出水
氨氮 3.424 0.182 3.628 0.212 2.866 0.093 2.764 0.032 1.962 0.011
总氮 12.88 0.463 16.13 0.753 13.613 0.502 12.05 0.451 11.91 0.408
总磷 3.259 0.161 4.206 0.170 3.491 0.154 1.933 0.092 3.835 0.161
高锰酸盐指数 8.04 1.34 7.55 1.25 7.68 1.42 6.87 1.26 6.56 1.18
备注：进水指的是养殖尾水，出水指的是经处理池处理后的排放水。
综上可知，经过本发明处理后的养殖尾水其氨氮的最高去除率为99.4%；总氮的最高去除率为：96.6%，总磷的最高去除率为96%。
总之，本发明主要通过在养殖尾水处理池中产生的系列物理、化学和微生物作用，综合铁阳离子磷酸盐沉析反应、铁阳离子水化物及其多聚物对磷及其他颗粒物的絮凝沉淀作用、硝化反应和反硝化反应等，达到持续、稳定、高效的除磷脱氮、降解有机质和降低悬浮物浓度效果。还能够杜绝阳极铁表面因附着氧化物导致钝化，保证电极电解反应的正常进行，提高污水处理效率。具有装置结构简单、产污泥量少和无二次污染等优点。产生的少量沉淀污泥可通过定期排污而去除离开系统。
且养殖尾水经过应用本发明系统处理后的排放水，其氨氮、总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数等都达到了国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类水质标准，甚至有的达到了Ⅱ类水质标准。也符合《淡水养殖尾水排放要求》( SC/T 9101)规定的一级排放标准。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是熟悉本技术领域的技术人员应当理解，我们所描述的具体的实施例只是说明性的，而不是用于对本发明的范围的限定，熟悉本领域的技术人员在依照本发明的精神所作的等效的修饰以及变化，都应当涵盖在本发明的权利要求所保护的范围内。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，其特征在于：所述系统包括尾水处理生物滤池、悬浮填料、直流阴阳电极列阵组合、电动搅拌装置以及碳源补充装置，所述悬浮填料设置在尾水处理生物滤池内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池的上部，所述电动搅拌装置设置在所述尾水处理生物滤池的下部，所述尾水处理生物滤池的底部设置有污泥斗，所述电动搅拌装置设置在污泥斗上方，所述碳源补充装置通过管道连接至尾水处理生物滤池；
    所述悬浮填料与所述尾水处理生物滤池内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm 3；所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合中阳极为铁，阴极为铁、碳或铜；所述电动搅拌装置的转速为100~300r/min。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，其特征在于：所述悬浮填料为高密度聚乙烯材质，比表面积大于500m 2/m 3。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，其特征在于：所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合的相邻电极之间的间距为2-30cm，运行电压和电流分别为：直流电压为12～36 V，微电流密度为0.1～1.0 mA/cm 2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种处理水产养殖尾水的高效脱氮除磷系统，其特征在于：所述尾水处理生物滤池为2~3个池体串联组合，可部分或全部池体设置直流阴阳电极列阵组合。
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