WO2020238021A1 - 一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统 - Google Patents

一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238021A1
WO2020238021A1 PCT/CN2019/115495 CN2019115495W WO2020238021A1 WO 2020238021 A1 WO2020238021 A1 WO 2020238021A1 CN 2019115495 W CN2019115495 W CN 2019115495W WO 2020238021 A1 WO2020238021 A1 WO 2020238021A1
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Prior art keywords
biological filter
suspended filler
tail water
electrode
treatment system
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PCT/CN2019/115495
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江兴龙
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集美大学
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Publication of WO2020238021A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238021A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/14—NH3-N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/22—O2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an intensive modular combined aquaculture tail water treatment system.
  • the concentration of heavy metals in the aquaculture tail water can generally meet the environmental protection requirements.
  • both governments at all levels and the society require the treatment of aquaculture tail water so that the water quality of the discharged water can meet the relevant national environmental protection requirements, such as the "Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Discharge Requirements" (SC /T 9101), Class III water quality standards in the National Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), etc.
  • Current pond farming tail water or factory farming tail water treatment technology mainly adopts constructed wetland technology, ecological pond technology and comprehensive application of chemical auxiliary phosphorus removal technology, such as aluminum chloride (PAC) auxiliary phosphorus removal for nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
  • chemical auxiliary phosphorus removal technology such as aluminum chloride (PAC) auxiliary phosphorus removal for nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
  • PAC aluminum chloride
  • It has a certain denitrification and phosphorus removal effect, it has a large area, low nitrogen and phosphorus removal treatment efficiency, high operating cost, poor treatment effect stability, and if a large number of chemicals are used for a long time, it may cause secondary pollution. problem.
  • Many aquaculture farms have failed to carry out tail water discharge treatment due to land area restrictions and high treatment costs, polluting the surrounding water environment or facing the problem of forced suspension of production due to non-compliance with environmental protection standards.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intensive modular combined aquaculture tail water treatment system, which has high denitrification and phosphorus removal treatment efficiency, small floor space, energy saving, low cost, no secondary pollution, and management Convenience and other advantages.
  • the present invention is realized as follows:
  • the tail water treatment system includes a sewage collection tank, a physical filtration device, an electrode-suspended filler coupling biological filter treatment unit, an air pump microporous aeration tank and a sludge concentration Dehydration device;
  • the sewage collection tank is connected to a physical filter device, the physical filter device is connected to an electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit, and the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit and air pump micropore increase
  • the oxygen tanks are arranged adjacently, and the sewage collection tank, the physical filter device, the electrode-suspended filler coupling biological filter processing unit, and the air pump microporous aeration tank are all connected to the sludge thickening and dewatering device;
  • the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit includes a biological filter, a suspended filler, a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination, an electric stirring device, and a carbon source supplement device.
  • the suspended filler is arranged in the biological filter, and the direct current
  • the cathode and anode electrode array combination is arranged on the upper part of the biological filter
  • the electric stirring device is arranged on the lower part of the biological filter
  • the bottom of the biological filter is arranged with a sludge bucket
  • the electric stirring device is arranged on Above the sludge bucket
  • the carbon source supplement device is connected to the biological filter through a pipeline;
  • the volume ratio of the suspended filler to the water in the biological filter is 20% to 50%, and the density of the suspended filler is 0.92 to 0.98 g/cm3;
  • the anode in the DC cathode and anode electrode array combination is iron, and the cathode It is iron, carbon or copper;
  • the rotating speed of the electric stirring device is 100 ⁇ 300r/min.
  • the suspended filler is made of high-density polyethylene, with a specific surface area greater than 500 m2/m3.
  • the distance between adjacent electrodes of the DC cathode and anode electrode array combination is 2-30 cm
  • the operating voltage and current are respectively: the DC voltage is 12-36 V
  • the micro-current density is 0.1-1.0 mA/cm2.
  • the biological filter is a combination of more than two cells in series, and some or all of the cells can be equipped with a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination.
  • the physical filtering device is an automatic backwash screen filter, a micro filter or an arc screen.
  • the bottom of the air pump microporous aeration tank is provided with an oxygenation microporous aeration tube.
  • the invention mainly integrates iron cation phosphate precipitation reaction, iron cation hydrate and its polymer flocculation precipitation effect on phosphorus and other particulate matter, nitrification reaction and Denitrification, etc., to achieve continuous, stable and efficient dephosphorization and denitrification, degradation of organic matter and reduction of suspended solids concentration. It has the advantages of simple device structure, less sludge production and no secondary pollution.
  • the nitrogen, phosphorus, permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand COD, five-day biochemical oxygen demand BOD5, pH, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, suspended solids, Factor indicators such as sulfide and volatile phenol can meet the "freshwater aquaculture tail water discharge requirements" ( SC/T 9101) or the national “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard” (GB3838-2002) in Class III water quality standards.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the coordinated structure of the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit and the air pump microporous aeration tank in the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an intensive modular combined aquaculture tail water treatment system.
  • the tail water treatment system includes a sewage collection tank 1, a physical filtration device 2, an electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter treatment unit 3.
  • the sludge collection tank 1 is connected to the physical filter device 2, and the physical filter device 2 is connected to the electrode-suspended filler coupling biological filter processing unit 3
  • the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit 3 is arranged adjacent to the air pump microporous aeration tank 4, the sewage collection tank 1, the physical filter device 2, the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit 3,
  • the air pump microporous aeration tank 4 is connected with the sludge thickening and dewatering device 5;
  • the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit 3 includes a biological filter 31, a suspended filler 32, a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination 33, an electric stirring device 34, and a carbon source supplement device 35.
  • the suspended filler 32 is installed in the biological filter.
  • the direct current cathode and anode electrode array assembly 33 is arranged at the upper part of the biological filter tank 31
  • the electric stirring device 34 is arranged at the lower part of the biological filter tank 31
  • the bottom of the biological filter tank 31 A sludge bucket 36 is provided, the electric stirring device 34 is arranged above the sludge bucket 36, and the carbon source supplement device 35 is connected to the biological filter 31 through a pipe;
  • the volume ratio of the suspended filler 32 to the water in the biological filter 31 is 20% to 50%, and the density of the suspended filler 32 is 0.92 to 0.98 g/cm3;
  • the anode in the direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination 33 It is iron, and the cathode is iron, carbon or copper;
  • the rotational speed of the electric stirring device 34 is 100-300 r/min.
  • the suspended filler 32 is made of high-density polyethylene with a specific surface area greater than 500 m2/m3.
  • the distance between adjacent electrodes of the DC cathode and anode electrode array combination 33 is 2-30 cm, the operating voltage and current are respectively: the DC voltage is 12-36 V, and the micro-current density is 0.1-1.0 mA/cm2.
  • the biological filter 31 is a combination of two or more tank bodies in series, and a direct current cathode and anode electrode array combination 33 may be provided in part or all of the tank bodies.
  • the physical filtration device 2 is an automatic backwashing screen filter, a micro filter or an arc screen.
  • the bottom of the air pump microporous aeration tank 4 is provided with an oxygen aeration microporous aeration pipe 41.
  • the working process of the present invention is as follows: after the farming tail water enters the sewage collection tank 1, it is extracted by the water pump into the physical filter device 2, and the filtered water enters the electrode-suspended filler coupling biological filter processing unit 3, and contains residual bait and feces
  • the backwash water ( ⁇ 1.5%) of other large particles enters the sludge thickening and dewatering device 5; in the sludge thickening and dewatering device 5, the thickened and dewatered sludge is formed into a mud cake, and the organic fertilizer is transported out of the system, and the concentrated and filtered
  • the water returns to the sludge collection tank 1; in the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit 3, the bottom of the biological filter 31 is equipped with a sludge bucket 36, which can discharge sewage regularly, and the sludge water ( ⁇ 3%) is discharged into Sludge thickening and dewatering device 5; the anoxic water treated by the electrode-suspended fill
  • Sewage collection tank 1 is mainly used to collect the aquaculture tail water discharged from the aquaculture tank. More than 2 submersible pumps (1 of which are spare) are installed in the tank to extract the water to the physical filtration device 2.
  • the physical filtration device 2 is a physical filtration device such as an automatic backwash screen filter, a microfilter or an arc screen, which separates large particulate matter in the water, and automatically backflushes the water containing large particulate matter such as residual bait and feces ( ⁇ 1.5%) Enter the sludge dewatering and thickening device 5, and the water filtered by the screen enters the electrode-suspended filler coupling biological filter processing unit 3.
  • Sludge thickening and dewatering device 5 Using sludge filter press equipment or setting up filter layer drying tank facilities, the thickened and dewatered sludge is formed into mud cake (organic fertilizer) and transported out of the system, and the filtered water is Return to sewage collection tank 1.
  • mud cake organic fertilizer
  • the air pump microporous aeration tank 4 is adjacent to the biological filter 31 of the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit 3, and the anoxic water treated by the electrode-suspended filler coupled biological filter processing unit 3 flows into the air pump micro Aeration tank 4, an aeration microporous aeration pipe 41 is set on the bottom of the water body of the air pump microporous aeration tank 4.
  • the aeration microporous aeration pipe 41 is connected to the air pump outside the pool through a pipe, and air is input to the aeration microporous aeration The air pipe adds oxygen to the pool water.
  • the working principle of the electrode-suspended filler coupling biological filter processing unit 3 is as follows:
  • Flocculation and precipitation can also generate polymers with adsorption and coagulation effects, such as those produced by the hydrolysis of some Fe3+ [Fe2(OH)2]4+, [Fe3(OH)4]5+, [Fe5(OH)9]6+ and other polynuclear hydroxyl complexes, which can act as flocculants and can interact with some of the aquaculture tail water Suspended matter (including suspended phosphorus, including biological phosphorus and insoluble phosphate particles), particulate matter, electrolytes, etc., undergoes sedimentation, and settles in the bottom sludge bucket 36 of the biological filter 31.
  • Suspended matter including suspended phosphorus, including biological phosphorus and insoluble phosphate particles
  • particulate matter including electrolytes, etc.
  • Utilizing the dissolved oxygen contained in the aquaculture tail water and the oxygen produced by the electrolysis of the iron anode water can provide a large number of nitrosating and nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm attached to the suspended filler 32 with the dissolved oxygen required for the nitrification reaction, so that the ammonia It is converted into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, so there is no need to set up air pump to increase oxygen; at the same time, due to the rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen, the water body in the pool, especially the underwater layer of the pool, quickly forms an anoxic or anaerobic water environment, which promotes denitrification and denitrification The progress.
  • the heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria present in the pond use the organic carbon source in the aquaculture water as an electron donor to cause a denitrification reaction, so that the nitrate nitrogen will eventually generate nitrogen through the denitrification reaction and overflow the system to be removed.
  • the hydrogen produced by the cathode electrolysis of water can be used as an electron donor for hydrogen autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, and the CO2 in the tail water can provide an inorganic carbon source for these autotrophic bacteria, and an autotrophic denitrification reaction occurs to make nitrate nitrogen. After denitrification, nitrogen is generated and overflows the system to be removed.
  • the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water can stimulate the growth and metabolism of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of the suspended filler 32.
  • the redox substances produced by the electrolysis provide a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, which is beneficial to the growth of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
  • the denitrification process provides inorganic carbon sources and electron donors to further promote the autotrophic denitrification process, thereby improving the removal of total nitrogen.
  • the suspended filler with a density of 0.92 ⁇ 0.98g/cm3 under the same volume has greater friction, which can better remove the surface oxide of (anode) iron and prevent the surface of (anode) iron from being damaged.
  • the oxide forms a dense covering layer and is passivated, which affects the normal progress of the electrode electrolysis reaction and effectively solves the passivation problem of (anode) iron.
  • Microcurrent can strengthen the bacteria and other microorganisms in the biofilm on the suspended filler 32, can change the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, and help the enzymes in the bacterial cell membrane to pass through the cell membrane to the wastewater for a series of enzymatic reactions. It increases the contact between the enzymes in the cell membrane and the reaction substrate in the water, thereby enhancing the effect of degrading nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater to a certain extent; in addition, the microcurrent can also directly stimulate and strengthen the activity of extracellular enzymes secreted by certain bacteria. Promote the degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the water.
  • the carbon source supplement device 35 is used to add supplementary carbon sources such as brown sugar. It can be equipped with an automatic dosing device, regularly add a certain amount of brown sugar to the solution tank, start the mixer for dissolution, and automatically put a certain amount into the pool through the metering pump through the pipeline to continuously and quickly promote the heterotrophic denitrification reaction get on.
  • heterotrophic denitrification is several times (about 7 times) faster than autotrophic denitrification, at the same time, the population growth and propagation speed of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria are higher than that of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Therefore, adding additional organic carbon sources such as brown sugar can significantly accelerate denitrification and denitrification.
  • the removal rate of TP has a certain positive correlation with the removal rate of TN, that is, when the TN removal effect is good, TP also has a good removal effect.
  • the iron electrode can provide electrons required for the denitrification reaction, has a certain enhanced denitrification effect, promotes the reduction of the mass concentration of NO3-N and TN, and is beneficial to promote the phosphorus accumulating bacteria in the filler biofilm and in the water Phosphorus removal, synergistically promotes the removal of TP.
  • the supplementary carbon source used in the present invention efficiently promotes the denitrification device, which greatly promotes the continuous progress of denitrification, and promotes the reduction of the mass concentration of NO3-N and TN.
  • the electrode-suspended filler coupling technology of the present invention and the supplementary carbon source efficiently promote the integration and integration of the denitrification technology, synergize with each other, and improve the efficiency and removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
  • an intensive modular combined aquaculture tail water discharge treatment system was constructed to treat eel pond farming and factory farming tail water.
  • the quality of the discharged water after treatment was consistent.
  • the monitoring results are as follows:
  • Influent refers to the aquaculture tail water
  • effluent refers to the discharged water after treatment by the treatment system.
  • the present invention mainly integrates iron cation phosphate precipitation reaction, iron cation hydrate and its polymer flocculation precipitation effect on phosphorus and other particles, nitrification through a series of physical, chemical and microbiological actions produced in the biological filter.
  • Reaction and denitrification reaction, etc. to achieve continuous, stable and efficient phosphorus and nitrogen removal, organic matter degradation and suspended solids concentration reduction effects.
  • It can also prevent passivation of the anode iron surface due to adhesion of oxides, ensure the normal progress of the electrode electrolysis reaction, and improve the efficiency of aquaculture sewage treatment. It has the advantages of simple device structure, less sludge production and no secondary pollution. The small amount of precipitated sludge produced can be removed from the system through regular sewage discharge.
  • the discharge water of the aquaculture tail water after the treatment system constructed by the application of the present invention has ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand COD, five-day biochemical oxygen demand BOD5, pH, and dissolved water Oxygen, fecal coliforms, suspended solids, sulfides, and volatile phenols have all reached Class III water quality standards in the National Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), and some have even reached Class II water quality standards. It also complies with the first-level discharge standard stipulated in "Freshwater Aquaculture Tail Water Discharge Requirements" (SC/T 9101).

Abstract

本发明提供一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，包括依次连接的集污池、物理过滤装置、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池，所述集污池、物理过滤装置、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池均与污泥浓缩脱水装置相连接；所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元中的悬浮填料设置在生物滤池内，直流阴阳电极列阵组合设置在所述生物滤池的上部，电动搅拌装置设置在所述生物滤池的下部，所述生物滤池的底部设置有污泥斗，所述电动搅拌装置设置在污泥斗上方，碳源补充装置通过管道连接至生物滤池。本发明具有脱氮除磷处理效率高、占地面积小、节能、成本低、无二次污染、管理简便等优点。

Description

一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统。
 背景技术
我国是水产养殖大国，养殖产量约占世界养殖产量的68%，其中，池塘养殖产量约占45%，淡水池塘养殖的总面积和产量都超过了海水池塘养殖。当前池塘养殖尾水和工厂化养殖尾水都基本未经处理直接排放，由于养殖尾水中一般都含有较高浓度的氨氮、总氮、总磷，高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量COD、五日生化需氧量BOD5、粪大肠菌群和悬浮物，容易导致对周边水域环境不同程度的富营养化污染。另一方面，由于养殖水源水的重金属必须符合渔业养殖用水要求，且养殖期间基本无超标的重金属投入，因此养殖尾水中的重金属浓度一般都能符合环保要求。为保护水域生态环境，无论是各级政府或是社会都要求必须开展对养殖尾水的处理，使排放水的水质能符合国家的相关环保要求，如符合《淡水养殖尾水排放要求》（SC/T 9101）、国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类水质标准等。当前的池塘养殖尾水或工厂化养殖尾水处理技术，主要采用人工湿地技术、生态塘技术及综合应用化学辅助除磷技术，如氯化铝（PAC）辅助除磷等进行脱氮除磷，虽然有一定的脱氮除磷效果，但存在占地面积大，脱氮除磷处理效率不高，运行成本较高、处理效果稳定性较差及如果长期使用大量化学药剂可能导致二次污染等问题。许多水产养殖场因受土地面积限制和处理成本高的问题，未能开展尾水排放处理，污染了周边水域环境或面临因环保不达标而被强制停产的问题。
另，现有的电极电解时，阳极铁表面容易被氧化物所形成的致密覆盖层所钝化，导致电解电解无法正常进行，需要定期清洗或者更换，这将导致生产要定期中断，影响工作效率，同时还产生新的废水以及增加成本。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题，在于提供一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其具有脱氮除磷处理效率高、占地面积小、节能、成本低、无二次污染、管理简便等优点。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的：
一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，所述尾水处理系统包括集污池、物理过滤装置、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池以及污泥浓缩脱水装置；所述集污池与物理过滤装置相连接，所述物理过滤装置连接至电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元，所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元与气泵微孔增氧池相邻设置，所述集污池、物理过滤装置、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池均与污泥浓缩脱水装置相连接；
所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元包括生物滤池、悬浮填料、直流阴阳电极列阵组合、电动搅拌装置以及碳源补充装置，所述悬浮填料设置在生物滤池内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合设置在所述生物滤池的上部，所述电动搅拌装置设置在所述生物滤池的下部，所述生物滤池的底部设置有污泥斗，所述电动搅拌装置设置在污泥斗上方，所述碳源补充装置通过管道连接至生物滤池；
所述悬浮填料与所述生物滤池内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm3；所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合中阳极为铁，阴极为铁、碳或铜；所述电动搅拌装置的转速为100~300r/min。
进一步地，所述悬浮填料为高密度聚乙烯材质，比表面积大于500m2/m3。
进一步地，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合的相邻电极之间的间距为2-30cm，运行电压和电流分别为：直流电压为12～36 V，微电流密度为0.1～1.0 mA/cm2。
进一步地，所述生物滤池为2个以上池体串联组合，可部分或全部池体设置直流阴阳电极列阵组合。
进一步地，所述物理过滤装置为自动反冲筛网过滤器、微滤机或弧形筛。
进一步地，所述气泵微孔增氧池的底部设置有增氧微孔曝气管。
 有益效果
本发明具有如下优点：
本发明主要通过在生物滤池中产生的系列物理、化学和微生物作用，综合铁阳离子磷酸盐沉析反应、铁阳离子水化物及其多聚物对磷及其他颗粒物的絮凝沉淀作用、硝化反应和反硝化反应等，达到持续、稳定、高效的除磷脱氮、降解有机质和降低悬浮物浓度效果。具有装置结构简单、产污泥量少和无二次污染等优点。养殖尾水经本发明系统处理后，排放水中的氮、磷、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量COD、五日生化需氧量BOD5、pH、溶解氧、粪大肠菌群、悬浮物、硫化物和挥发酚等因子指标，都可符合《淡水养殖尾水排放要求》( SC/T 9101)或国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类水质标准。
 附图说明
下面参照附图结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池配合结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
参阅图1-2，本发明涉及一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，所述尾水处理系统包括集污池1、物理过滤装置2、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3、气泵微孔增氧池4以及污泥浓缩脱水装置5；所述集污池1与物理过滤装置2相连接，所述物理过滤装置2连接至电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3，所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3与气泵微孔增氧池4相邻设置，所述集污池1、物理过滤装置2、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3、气泵微孔增氧池4均与污泥浓缩脱水装置5相连接；
所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3包括生物滤池31、悬浮填料32、直流阴阳电极列阵组合33、电动搅拌装置34以及碳源补充装置35，所述悬浮填料32设置在生物滤池31内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合33设置在所述生物滤池31的上部，所述电动搅拌装置34设置在所述生物滤池31的下部，所述生物滤池31的底部设置有污泥斗36，所述电动搅拌装置34设置在污泥斗36上方，所述碳源补充装置35通过管道连接至生物滤池31；
所述悬浮填料32与所述生物滤池31内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料32的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm3；所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合33中阳极为铁，阴极为铁、碳或铜；所述电动搅拌装置34的转速为100~300r/min。
所述悬浮填料32为高密度聚乙烯材质，比表面积大于500m2/m3。
所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合33的相邻电极之间的间距为2-30cm，运行电压和电流分别为：直流电压为12～36 V，微电流密度为0.1～1.0 mA/cm2。
所述生物滤池31为2个以上池体串联组合，可部分或全部池体设置直流阴阳电极列阵组合33。
所述物理过滤装置2为自动反冲筛网过滤器、微滤机或弧形筛。
所述气泵微孔增氧池4的底部设置有增氧微孔曝气管41。
本发明工作过程如下：养殖尾水进入集污池1后，经水泵抽提进入物理过滤装置2，经过滤后的水进入电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3，而含残饵和粪便等大颗粒物质的反冲水（≤1.5%）进入污泥浓缩脱水装置5；在污泥浓缩脱水装置5中将浓缩脱水后的污泥形成泥饼有机肥外运离开系统，浓缩滤出的水则返回集污池1；在电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3中，生物滤池31底部设有污泥斗36，可定期排污，该污泥水（≤3%）则排入污泥浓缩脱水装置5；经电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3处理后的缺氧水，流入气泵微孔增氧池4进行适度增氧后，符合环保标准的排放水排出系统，气泵微孔增氧池4也设有污泥斗，可定期排污，该污泥水（≤0.5%）则排入污泥浓缩脱水装置5。
各设备的工作原理如下：
1、集污池1主要是汇集养殖池排出的养殖尾水，池内设置2台以上潜水泵（其中1台为备用），把池水抽提至物理过滤装置2。
2、物理过滤装置2为自动反冲筛网过滤器、微滤机或弧形筛等物理过滤设备，分离水中的大颗粒物质，自动把含残饵和粪便等大颗粒物质的反冲水（≤1.5%）进入污泥脱水浓缩装置5，而经筛网过滤后的水进入电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3。
3、污泥浓缩脱水装置5，采用污泥压滤机设备或设置滤水层干化池设施，将浓缩脱水后的污泥形成泥饼（有机肥）外运离开系统，滤出的水则返回集污池1。
4、气泵微孔增氧池4与电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3的生物滤池31相邻，经电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3处理后的缺氧水流入气泵微孔增氧池4，在气泵微孔增氧池4水体的底层设置增氧微孔曝气管41，增氧微孔曝气管41经管道连接池外的气泵，空气输入增氧微孔曝气管内对池水增氧。
5、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元3的工作原理如下：
（1）由于直流阴阳电极列阵组合33的直流电场的作用，铁（阳极）生成大量的铁阳离子，产生的大量 Fe2+ 和 Fe3+与养殖尾水中的磷酸盐发生沉析反应，形成颗粒状、非溶解性的物质而沉降于生物滤池31的底部污泥斗36内；同时，铁阳离子经过一系列水解聚合反应，Fe2+ 和 Fe3+以及它们的水化物如氢氧化铁等对磷都具有较强的絮凝、沉淀作用，还可生成具有吸附凝聚作用的多聚物，如部份 Fe3+ 水解产生的如 [Fe2(OH)2]4+、[Fe3(OH)4]5+、[Fe5(OH)9]6+ 等多核羟基络合物，可以起到絮凝剂的作用，能与养殖尾水中一些悬浮物质（含悬浮态磷，包括生物磷和难溶磷酸盐颗粒）、颗粒物质和电解质等发生沉聚作用，而沉降于生物滤池31的底部污泥斗36内。
（2）利用养殖尾水中含有的溶解氧及铁阳极电解水而产生的氧气，可为悬浮填料32附着的生物膜中大量的亚硝化和硝化细菌提供进行硝化反应所需要的溶解氧，使氨氮转化为亚硝酸氮和硝酸氮，因此不需设置气泵增氧；同时，由于溶解氧的迅速消耗，使池内水体，特别是池水下层快速形成缺氧或厌氧水环境，推动反硝化脱氮反应的进行。
（3）池中存在的异养反硝化菌利用养殖水中的有机碳源做电子供体，发生反硝化反应，使硝酸盐氮最终经反硝化反应生成氮气而溢出系统从而被去除。
（4）阴极电解水产生的氢气，可以作为氢自养反硝化细菌的电子供体，而尾水中的CO2可为这些自养菌提供无机碳源，发生自养反硝化反应，使硝酸盐氮经反硝化反应生成氮气而溢出系统从而被去除。
此外，电解水产生的氢气，可刺激悬浮填料32表面附着的自养反硝化菌的生长代谢，同时，电解产生的氧化还原物质为微生物生长繁殖提供了适宜的环境，为自养反硝化菌的反硝化过程提供无机碳源和电子供体，进一步促进自养反硝化过程，从而提高了对总氮的去除。
（5）利用悬浮填料32的密度（0.92～0.98g/cm3）接近于淡水，在生物滤池水体中易形成均匀的悬浮态，同时，在电动搅拌装置34的持续慢速搅动与水流流经下，可形成流化态，使悬浮填料32附着的生物膜容易与养殖废水中的污染物质持续流动接触，不仅有助于提高硝化反应及反硝化反应的速率，而且有利于悬浮填料32与水流不断摩擦与流经电极表面，同等体积下密度为0.92～0.98g/cm3的悬浮填料摩擦力更大，能更好的去除（阳极）铁的表面被氧化物，防止（阳极）铁的表面被氧化物形成致密覆盖层而被钝化，影响电极电解反应的正常进行，有效解决了（阳极）铁的钝化问题。
（6）微电流可对悬浮填料32上生物膜中细菌等微生物起强化作用，可改变细菌细胞膜的通透性，有助于细菌细胞膜内的酶通过细胞膜至废水中进行系列的酶促反应，增加了胞膜内的酶与水中反应底物的接触，从而一定程度上加强了降解养殖废水中氮磷的效果；此外，微电流也可直接刺激强化某些细菌分泌的胞外酶的活性，促进对水中氮磷及其他污染物的降解。
（7）由于养殖尾水中的有机碳浓度一般较低，很快将被消耗完毕，为促进池中异养反硝化反应的进行，通过碳源补充装置35进行补充碳源如红糖等的投放。可配置自动投加装置，定期将一定量的红糖加入溶液桶，启动搅伴机进行溶解，经计量泵，通过管道按一定的量自动投入池中，以持续快速地促进异养反硝化反应的进行。
由于异养反硝化的反应速率要几倍（约7倍）快速于自养反硝化反应，同时，异养反硝化菌的种群生长和扩繁速度均高于自养反硝化菌群。因此添加如红糖等补充有机碳源，可明显加速反硝化脱氮。
而TP 的去除率与 TN 去除率具有一定的正相关性，即TN 去除效果好时，TP 也具有较好的去除效果。本发明中，铁电极可提供反硝化反应需要的电子，具有一定的强化反硝化作用，促进NO3--N和TN质量浓度的下降，有利于促进填料生物膜中及水体中的聚磷菌生物除磷，协同促进TP的去除。此外，本发明使用的补充碳源高效促进反硝化装置，极大地促进了反硝化的持续进行，促进NO3--N和TN质量浓度的下降。协同促进了持续深度去除TP浓度。因此，本发明的电极-悬浮填料耦合技术与补充碳源高效促进反硝化技术集成融合一体，互相协同，提升了脱氮除磷效率和去除率。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
应用上述方法和装置，构建了集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水达标排放处理系统，对鳗鱼池塘养殖和工厂化养殖尾水进行处理，经处理后的排放出水水质都符合，监测结果数据如下：
Figure dest_path_image001
备注：进水指的是养殖尾水，出水指的是经处理系统处理后的排放水。
总之，本发明主要通过在生物滤池中产生的系列物理、化学和微生物作用，综合铁阳离子磷酸盐沉析反应、铁阳离子水化物及其多聚物对磷及其他颗粒物的絮凝沉淀作用、硝化反应和反硝化反应等，达到持续、稳定、高效的除磷脱氮、降解有机质和降低悬浮物浓度效果。还能够杜绝阳极铁表面因附着氧化物导致钝化，保证电极电解反应的正常进行，提高养殖污水处理效率。具有装置结构简单、产污泥量少和无二次污染等优点。产生的少量沉淀污泥可通过定期排污而去除离开系统。
且养殖尾水经过应用本发明构建的处理系统处理后的排放水，其氨氮、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量COD、五日生化需氧量BOD5、pH、溶解氧、粪大肠菌群、悬浮物、硫化物和挥发酚等都达到了国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类水质标准，甚至有的达到了Ⅱ类水质标准。也符合《淡水养殖尾水排放要求》( SC/T 9101)规定的一级排放标准。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是熟悉本技术领域的技术人员应当理解，我们所描述的具体的实施例只是说明性的，而不是用于对本发明的范围的限定，熟悉本领域的技术人员在依照本发明的精神所作的等效的修饰以及变化，都应当涵盖在本发明的权利要求所保护的范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其特征在于：所述尾水处理系统包括集污池、物理过滤装置、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池以及污泥浓缩脱水装置；所述集污池与物理过滤装置相连接，所述物理过滤装置连接至电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元，所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元与气泵微孔增氧池相邻设置，所述集污池、物理过滤装置、电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元、气泵微孔增氧池均与污泥浓缩脱水装置相连接；
    所述电极-悬浮填料耦合生物滤池处理单元包括生物滤池、悬浮填料、直流阴阳电极列阵组合、电动搅拌装置以及碳源补充装置，所述悬浮填料设置在生物滤池内，所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合设置在所述生物滤池的上部，所述电动搅拌装置设置在所述生物滤池的下部，所述生物滤池的底部设置有污泥斗，所述电动搅拌装置设置在污泥斗上方，所述碳源补充装置通过管道连接至生物滤池；
    所述悬浮填料与所述生物滤池内水体的体积比为20%~50%，所述悬浮填料的密度为0.92~0.98g/cm 3；所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合中阳极为铁，阴极为铁、碳或铜；所述电动搅拌装置的转速为100~300r/min。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其特征在于：所述悬浮填料为高密度聚乙烯材质，比表面积大于500m 2/m 3。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其特征在于：所述直流阴阳电极列阵组合的相邻电极之间的间距为2-30cm，运行电压和电流分别为：直流电压为12～36 V，微电流密度为0.1～1.0 mA/cm 2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其特征在于：所述生物滤池为2个以上池体串联组合，可部分或全部池体设置直流阴阳电极列阵组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其特征在于：所述物理过滤装置为自动反冲筛网过滤器、微滤机或弧形筛。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种集约型模块化组合水产养殖尾水处理系统，其特征在于：所述气泵微孔增氧池的底部设置有增氧微孔曝气管。
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