WO2020238005A1 - 一种弹性自定位预切块装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种弹性自定位预切块装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238005A1
WO2020238005A1 PCT/CN2019/114430 CN2019114430W WO2020238005A1 WO 2020238005 A1 WO2020238005 A1 WO 2020238005A1 CN 2019114430 W CN2019114430 W CN 2019114430W WO 2020238005 A1 WO2020238005 A1 WO 2020238005A1
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Prior art keywords
elastic
transmission
shaped
conveying
self
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/114430
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯亚丽
李长河
贾东洲
赵华洋
赵宇辉
刘文钺
鲁中歧
刘丹
王玉成
张彦彬
杨敏
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Qingdao University of Technology
Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities
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Qingdao University of Technology
Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities
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Priority to US16/960,355 priority Critical patent/US11478947B2/en
Priority to AU2019448362A priority patent/AU2019448362B2/en
Publication of WO2020238005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238005A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0625—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form by endless conveyors, e.g. belts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/005—Potato seed cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/02—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a stationary cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D2210/00—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials
    • B26D2210/02—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting food products, e.g. food slicers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an elastic self-positioning pre-cutting device and method.
  • the breeding method of potato field is vegetative propagation. About 20 days before planting, the seed potatoes need to be cut into pieces for seed production. Traditional potato cutting and breeding are cut by hand. Manual cutting is a waste of human resources and uneven cutting. high cost. In order to facilitate the intelligent recognition and dicing process, the seed potato needs to be pre-cut with a uniform cut-to-two. The data shows that the best result is the uniform cut-to-two along the length of the seed potato.
  • the present invention proposes an elastic self-positioning pre-cutting device and method, which can improve the defects of manual seed potato cutting efficiency, uneven cutting, and waste seed potato, and realize dynamic seed potato in the process of linear transportation. Positioning and high degree of mechanization.
  • An elastic self-positioning pre-cutting device includes: a V-shaped self-positioning device, a cutter, and a separating device; the V-shaped self-positioning device includes: a first elastic transmission surface and a second elastic transmission surface, the first elastic The conveying surface and the second elastic conveying surface form a V-shaped conveying space.
  • the material reaches the bottom end between the two elastic conveying surfaces along with the operation of the elastic conveying surface, it remains in a vertical state; between the two elastic conveying surfaces
  • a cutter is provided at the bottom end of the cutter to cut the material in half along the long axis direction; the separating device is arranged at the lower part of the cutter and is configured to transport the cut material in half to the next link respectively.
  • the first elastic transmission surface and the second elastic transmission surface are provided by a first transmission mechanism and a second transmission mechanism, and the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism constitute a V-shaped symmetrical arrangement.
  • An elastic self-positioning pre-cutting method includes: the material is limited and conveyed by a flexible conveyor belt arranged in a V-shape, falling in the vertical direction along the long axis, and finally falls into the position of the cutter; the cutter moves the material along the long axis The direction is cut in half; the materials divided into two halves are transported to the next process separately; while the material is falling, the flexible conveyor belt can be adaptively adjusted according to the size of the material.
  • the invention relies on the V-shaped roll and spring to realize the multi-level self-positioning function, ensures the stability of the seed potato during the dicing process, can adapt to the shape and size of the seed potato, and overcomes the unstable factors existing in the traditional manual dicing. Realize the uniformity, high efficiency and reliability of seed potatoes and blocks.
  • the invention improves the defects of low manual seed potato cutting efficiency and waste of seed potato.
  • the half-cut seed potato will be transported to the next intelligent recognition and cutting station to ensure high utilization rate of seed potato seed production.
  • the invention is not only suitable for pre-cutting seed potatoes, but also suitable for other occasions where materials need to be pre-cut.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an elastic self-positioning seed potato pre-cutting device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the elastic self-positioning seed potato pre-cutting device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an axonometric view of an elastic V-shaped self-positioning device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a streamline cutter in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the triangular separation device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a state diagram of the half-cut position of seed potatoes in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a characteristic curve of a cylindrical coil spring in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram of force analysis of seed potatoes during linear conveying in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment proposes an elastic self-positioning pre-cutting device, as shown in FIG. 1, including: an elastic V-shaped self-positioning device and a streamlined cutter I-06 and triangle separation device, the above three devices are coaxial, to ensure the close connection of the three processes of seed potato linear conveying process, seed potato cutting in half and half cutting.
  • the elastic V-shaped self-positioning device includes: a first elastic conveying surface and a second elastic conveying surface.
  • the first elastic conveying surface and the second elastic conveying surface form a V-shaped conveying space, and the material reaches the two elastic conveying with the operation of the elastic conveying surface.
  • the bottom end between the surfaces is maintained in a vertical state; the bottom end between the two elastic conveying surfaces is provided with a cutting knife to cut the material in half along the long axis direction; the separating device is provided on the cutting knife
  • the lower part is configured to transport the materials cut in half to the next link.
  • the first elastic conveying surface and the second elastic conveying surface are provided by a first conveying mechanism and a second conveying mechanism, and the first conveying mechanism and the second conveying machine form a V-shaped symmetrical arrangement.
  • the output shaft of the motor I-04 is provided with a second transmission wheel I-05, and a first V-belt passes between the second transmission wheel I-05 and the first pulley I-02. I-03 is connected to realize belt transmission;
  • the first pulley is connected with the first transmission shaft, the rotation of the first transmission shaft drives the rotation of the first transmission gear I-01, the first transmission gear I-01 and the second transmission gear I-09
  • the second transmission gear I-09 is arranged on the second transmission shaft;
  • the first transmission shaft is the power transmission shaft of the first transmission mechanism, and the second transmission shaft serves as the power transmission shaft of the second transmission mechanism.
  • the second drive shaft is provided with a fourth pulley I-11, the fourth pulley I-11 and the third pulley I-07 are connected by a second V-belt I-10 to realize belt transmission; the third pulley I
  • the rotation of -07 drives the rotation of the third transmission gear I-08, and the third transmission gear I-08 is arranged on the triangular separation device to mesh with the gears to provide power for the belt transmission on the triangular separation device.
  • the elastic V-shaped self-positioning device has 5 pairs of V-shaped rollers I-17 distributed in parallel and symmetrically.
  • the upper and lower pairs of V-shaped rollers I-17 are fixed to the drive shaft by pins, and the drive shaft passes through the second
  • the diamond-shaped spherical bearing seat I-27, the second diamond-shaped spherical bearing seat I-27 are bolted to the outer splint I-15, and the upper drive shaft I-28 is used as the power input shaft.
  • the size is longer and passes through the second diamond spherical surface.
  • the bearing seat I-27 and the second diamond-shaped spherical bearing seat I-27 are fixed to the outer frame fixing plate I-12 through bolt connection, and the outer frame fixing plate I-12 is bolted to the outer frame to achieve a fixed connection, thereby realizing upper and lower pairs Fixing of V-shaped roller I-17.
  • the upper and lower V-shaped rollers I-17 are covered with flexible silicone conveyor belts I-16, so that the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 has a V-shaped contour to facilitate V-shaped positioning, and then uses its flexibility and high friction to achieve stability during seed potato pre-cutting.
  • Straight line conveying, at the same time, the other 3 pairs of V-shaped rollers I-17 pass on the smooth central shaft I-29, and two shaft clamps are set on the smooth central shaft I-29 so that the V-shaped roller I-17 is located in the middle of the smooth drive shaft.
  • the V-shaped roller kit passes through the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16, and a first spring I-18 is installed between the plane where the smooth central shaft hole is located and the outer frame fixing plate I-12, and the outer frame fixing plate I-12 is drilled.
  • a first spring I-18 is installed between the plane where the smooth central shaft hole is located and the outer frame fixing plate I-12, and the outer frame fixing plate I-12 is drilled.
  • the fixed shaft I-25 has threads at both ends, which can be matched with the outer frame fixing plate I-12 through the thread I-13 and the nut I-14 to restrict The role of the stroke.
  • the V-shaped roller I-17 tensions the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 inward, so as to better realize a V-shaped space between the relatively flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16.
  • the V-shaped positioning principle is used to provide a better guarantee for the stable linear conveying of seed potatoes.
  • an arc guide rod is welded and fixed on the outer side of the outer splint I-15, and there is a hole in the corresponding position of the outer frame fixing plate I-12.
  • a second spring I-26 is installed on the arc guide rod, and then the fixed shaft I- 25 pass through the hole and install a nut I-14 on the outer part of the outer frame fixing plate I-12.
  • the angle of the two oppositely placed outer splints I-15 can be adjusted to adapt to the shape and size of different varieties of seed potatoes, and to ensure the arc The reliability and stability of the guide rod sliding from the hole.
  • a pair of outsourcing splints I-15 are placed in a V-shape, on the one hand to ensure the stability of the seed potatoes during the straight transportation process, on the other hand, to ensure that the seed potatoes are in contact with the flexible silicone
  • the conveyor belt I-16 has a certain pressure in the vertical direction, which increases the friction between the seed potato and the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16, so that the seed potato is reasonably stressed and can realize the pre-cutting half function.
  • the streamlined cutter I-06 is streamlined with a narrow top and a wide bottom.
  • the upper end is narrow to ensure that the cutter is sharp enough, and the lower end has a certain width to realize the homeopathic separation of the seed potato after dicing, and cut half of the separated seed potato It will enter the triangular separation device under the guidance of the knife back and the further conveying of the conveyor belt.
  • the triangular separation device includes: 2 triangular conveyor belts I-21, 2 triangular guard plates I-23, cylindrical roller drive shaft I-30 and anti-rollover housing I-19.
  • 2 triangular conveyor belts I-21 and the transmission wheel constitute the third transmission mechanism and the fourth transmission mechanism respectively.
  • the third transmission mechanism and the fourth transmission mechanism form an inverted V-shaped arrangement, and are connected to the transmission surface of the V-shaped transmission space; cut into two halves The materials are respectively transported by the third and fourth transfer mechanisms, and the cut surface of the materials is in contact with the transfer mechanism.
  • the triangular conveyor belt I-21 is made of flexible silicone material to ensure that it has a certain tension.
  • the cylindrical roller drive shaft I-30 is connected by pins, and the cylindrical roller drive shaft I-30 passes through the first diamond spherical bearing seat I. -24 is connected to the triangular guard plate I-23 by bolts I-22, and the triangular guard plate I-23 is also fixedly connected to the machine frame through bolt connection.
  • the distance between the two triangular guard plates I-23 is the same as that of the cylindrical roller
  • the sub-drive shafts I-30 are matched. In order to ensure the same distance, three optical axes of equal length are added between the triangular guards I-23 for limit check, and they are connected with the triangular guards by screws I-20.
  • the inner side of I-23 is contacted to realize the equidistance between the triangular guards I-23.
  • the triangular guard plate I-23 ensures that the cylindrical roller drive shaft I-30 does not move axially during the movement, and on the other hand, it can prevent the half-cut seed potatoes from turning over.
  • the above structure device constitutes an elastic self-positioning pre-cutting system, which can realize the pre-cutting half function of the seed potato seed production process, which is safe, stable, efficient, and reliable. Through three V-shaped positioning and spring elastic blessing, the seed potato can be realized Adaptive and self-positioning of shape and size.
  • the transmission system of the elastic self-positioning pre-cutting system adopts belt transmission to drive the V-shaped roller transmission shaft I-17 to rotate, and the elastic V-shaped self-positioning device passes the two power transmission shafts I-28 between the two power transmission shafts.
  • a transmission steering gear I-01 drives for power transmission, and then realizes the synchronous movement of the two vertical flexible silicone conveyor belts I-16, and then controls the triangular separation device cylindrical roller drive shaft I-30 again through the belt drive to make its speed Slightly higher than the moving speed of the vertically placed flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 to facilitate the separation process after the seed potatoes are cut in half.
  • the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 in the elastic V-shaped self-positioning device requires stable operation, it provides a stable cutting environment for seed potatoes. It adopts belt transmission, stable transmission, shock absorption, simple structure, and low cost. Therefore, belt transmission is adopted as the transmission system of the elastic V-shaped self-positioning device. Ensure that the speed of the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 in the elastic V-type self-positioning device is the same and in different directions, that is, the two power transmission shafts are required to rotate in opposite directions simultaneously.
  • the first transmission steering gear I-01 is used for transmission, and the transmission ratio is accurate and stable. High reliability and long life.
  • the characteristic curve of cylindrical spiral spring is linear, stable in rigidity, simple in structure, convenient to manufacture, and widely used. It is mostly used in mechanical equipment for buffering, damping, energy storage and controlling movement.
  • the characteristic curve is shown in Figure 7.
  • the diameter of the guide rod where the cylindrical coil spring is located is 8mm.
  • a range of height-diameter ratio b can be determined by the above formula, and then the size of the height H 0 of the I-18 spring can be determined. Therefore, the stability of the cylindrical spiral compression spring is guaranteed.
  • Seed potatoes are in contact with the flexible silicone conveyor belt during the linear conveying process, and the friction generated by it drives the seed potatoes to move to the streamlined cutting knife, and further contacts with the cutting knife to overcome the impact force of the cutting knife on the seed potatoes, thereby realizing seed potatoes
  • the conveyor belt still adopts flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16, which uses its high friction characteristic to prevent the middle seed potato from being cut in half. Shift and rollover.
  • the force analysis of seed potatoes in the erect state is shown in Figure 8.
  • G the seed potato itself is under gravity, N;
  • ⁇ The angle between the I-15 outer splint and the horizontal plane, °;
  • the sliding friction coefficient is 0.48 in the dry friction state between rubber and rubber (parallel texture).
  • Silica gel is a kind of intersecting.
  • the potato skin is regarded as a kind of rubber with parallel texture. It is in a critical state of slipping during the conveying process of the flexible silicone conveyor belt. This can be regarded as sliding friction, and further analysis on this basis.
  • the formula for calculating the friction force on the potato can be expressed as:
  • the range of ⁇ is 70°-80°
  • the diameter of the spring is d
  • the length is H 0
  • the value of P c can be obtained by calculating according to formula (1).
  • an elastic self-positioning pre-cutting method including the following processes:
  • the conical self-positioning limit feeding system (that is, the previous station) sends the seed potatoes into the elastic self-positioning pre-cutting system in an orderly manner.
  • the long axis of the seed potato is in the vertical direction and falls into the elastic V-shaped self-positioning
  • the drive shaft I-28 rotates to drive the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 to move, and the seed potatoes are further transported in a straight line.
  • the 3 pairs I- in the middle position are the 3 pairs I- in the middle position.
  • the 17V roller adapts to the shape and size of the seed potato under the elastic action of the first spring I-18 to ensure the stability and reliability of the linear conveying process.
  • Seed potatoes are further conveyed vertically downwards, and the outer splint I-15 adapts to the shape and size of the seed potatoes again.
  • the outer splint I-15 Under the elastic action of the curved guide rail and the second spring I-26, the outer splint I-15 has a certain angle around the drive shaft as a position change
  • the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 is more encapsulated for the seed potato under the elastic action of the first spring I-18, so that the seed potato can be stably cut in half when it is in contact with the streamlined cutter I-06 process.
  • the seed potato is in contact with the blade of the streamlined cutter I-06.
  • the friction and gravity of the seed potato are greater than that of the streamlined cutter I-06 on the seed potato.
  • the impact force can realize the stable cutting of seed potatoes in half.
  • the streamlined shape of the upper narrow and the lower width enables the seed potatoes to be cut in half and separated into the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 of the triangular conveying device.
  • the flexible silicone conveyor belt I-16 of the triangular molecular device has a large friction force, which ensures that the positional deviation and side problems will not occur before the seed potato is cut in half before entering the designated station.
  • the half-cut seed potatoes are finally sent to the center of the conveying tray of the intelligent cutting station (ie the next station) for intelligent identification and detection of cutting.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)

Abstract

一种弹性自定位预切块装置及方法，包括：V型自定位装置、切刀（Ⅰ-06）和分离装置；所述V型自定位装置包括：第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面，所述第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面形成V型传送空间，物料随着弹性传送面的运转到达两个弹性传送面之间的底端时，保持在竖直状态；所述两个弹性传送面之间的底端设有切刀（Ⅰ-06），将物料沿长轴方向切成两半；所述分离装置设置在切刀下部，被配置为将切成两半的物料分别输送至下一环节。改善了手工种薯切块效率低下、浪费种薯的缺陷，切半后的种薯将输送至下一智能识别切块工位，确保种薯制种的高利用率。

Description

一种弹性自定位预切块装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种弹性自定位预切块装置及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本发明相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
马铃薯地繁育方式为无性繁殖，在种植前20天左右，需对其种薯切块制种，传统的马铃薯切块育种均为手工切取，手工切块人力资源浪费大、切块不均匀、生产成本高。为了便于进行智能化识别切块处理，需对种薯进行均匀一切为二的预切块处理，资料显示，沿种薯长径方向均匀一切为二效果最佳。
发明人检索发现，现有技术公开了一种马铃薯切种刀，根据种薯的大小、形状选择固定切刀刀头的位置，该装置能够解决农民在马铃薯种植过程中切种薯的种植痛点，结构简单、操作方便、效率高、配套消毒、用工少、降低生产成本、劳动强度低等优点；但是该结构人工投入仍较大，无法实现对种薯的有效定位，且不能适用于智能识别系统，种薯利用率仍不够高。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出一种弹性自定位预切块装置及方法，能够改善手工种薯切块效率低下、切块不均、浪费种薯的缺陷，实现种薯在直线输送过程中动态定位，机械化程度高。
在一些实施方式中，采用如下技术方案：
一种弹性自定位预切块装置，包括：V型自定位装置、切刀和分离装置；所述V型自定位装置包括：第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面，所述第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面形成V型传送空间，物料随着弹性传送面的运转到达两个弹性传送面之间的底端时，保持在竖直状态；所述两个弹性传送面之间的底端设有切刀，将物料沿长轴方向切成两半；所述分离装置设置在切刀下部，被配置为将切成两半的物料分别输送至下一环节。
所述第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面通过第一传送机构和第二传送机构提供，所述第一传送机构和第二传送机构成V型对称布置。
在另一些实施方式中，采用如下技术方案：
一种弹性自定位预切块的方法，包括：物料被呈V型布置的柔性传送带限位输送，以长轴方向处于竖直方向下落，最终落入切刀位置；切刀将物料沿长轴方向切成两半；分成两半 后的物料被分别运送至下一工序；物料下落过程中，柔性传送带能够根据物料的大小自适应调整。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明依靠V型滚和弹簧实现多级自定位功能，保证种薯在切块过程的稳定性，并能对种薯形状大小进行自适应，克服了传统手工切块存在的不稳定因素，从而实现种薯且块的均匀性、高效性和可靠性。
本发明改善了手工种薯切块效率低下、浪费种薯的缺陷，切半后的种薯将输送至下一智能识别切块工位，确保种薯制种的高利用率。
本发明不仅适用于种薯的预切块，同样适用于其他需要对物料预切块的场合。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中弹性自定位种薯预切块装置的轴测图；
图2为本发明实施例中弹性自定位种薯预切块装置的主视图；
图3是本发明实施例中弹性V型自定位装置的轴测图；
图4是本发明实施例中流线型切刀的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例中三角分离装置的爆炸图；
图6是本发明实施例中种薯切半位置的状态图；
图7是本发明实施例中圆柱螺旋弹簧特性曲线；
图8是本发明实施例中直线输送过程中种薯的受力分析图；
其中，Ⅰ-01第一传动齿轮；Ⅰ-02第一带轮；Ⅰ-03第一V型带；Ⅰ-04电动机；Ⅰ-05第二传动轮；Ⅰ-06流线型切刀；Ⅰ-07第三带轮；Ⅰ-08第三传动齿轮；Ⅰ-09第二传动转向齿轮；Ⅰ-10第二V型带；Ⅰ-11第四带轮；Ⅰ-12外架固定板；Ⅰ-13螺纹；Ⅰ-14螺母；Ⅰ-15外包夹板；Ⅰ-16柔性硅胶传送带；Ⅰ-17V型滚；Ⅰ-18第一弹簧；Ⅰ-19防侧翻外壳；Ⅰ-20螺钉；Ⅰ-21三角传送带；Ⅰ-22螺栓；Ⅰ-23三角护板；Ⅰ-24第一菱形球面轴承座；Ⅰ-25固定轴；Ⅰ-26第二弹簧；Ⅰ-27第二菱形球面轴承座；Ⅰ-28传动轴，Ⅰ-29光滑传中心轴；Ⅰ-30圆柱型滚子传动轴。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申 请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例一
正如背景技术所介绍的，为了解决现有技术中存在的不足，本实施例提出了一种弹性自定位预切块装置，如图1所示，包括：弹性V型自定位装置、流线型切刀Ⅰ-06和三角分离装置，上述3个装置共轴线，保证种薯直线输送过程、种薯切半与切半输送三个过程的紧密连接。
弹性V型自定位装置包括：第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面，第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面形成V型传送空间，物料随着弹性传送面的运转到达两个弹性传送面之间的底端时，保持在竖直状态；所述两个弹性传送面之间的底端设有切刀，将物料沿长轴方向切成两半；所述分离装置设置在切刀下部，被配置为将切成两半的物料分别输送至下一环节。
第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面通过第一传送机构和第二传送机构提供，第一传送机构和第二传送机构成V型对称布置。
如图1和图3所示，电动机Ⅰ-04的输出轴上设有第二传动轮Ⅰ-05，第二传动轮Ⅰ-05与第一带轮Ⅰ-02之间通过第一V型带Ⅰ-03连接，实现带传动；第一带轮与第一传动轴连接，第一传动轴转动带动第一传动齿轮Ⅰ-01转动，第一传动齿轮Ⅰ-01与第二传动齿轮Ⅰ-09啮合，第二传动齿轮Ⅰ-09设置在第二传动轴上；第一传动轴第一传送机构的动力传动轴，第二传动轴作为第二传送机构的动力传动轴。
第二传动轴上设有第四带轮Ⅰ-11，第四带轮Ⅰ-11与第三带轮Ⅰ-07通过第二V型带Ⅰ-10连接，实现带传动；第三带轮Ⅰ-07转动带动第三传动齿轮Ⅰ-08转动，第三传动齿轮Ⅰ-08设置在三角分离装置上的齿轮啮合，为三角分离装置上的皮带传送提供动力。
如图2、图3所示，弹性V型自定位装置平行对称分布有5对V型滚Ⅰ-17，上下两对V型滚Ⅰ-17通过销钉与传动轴固定，传动轴穿过第二菱形球面轴承座Ⅰ-27，第二菱形球面轴承座Ⅰ-27通过螺栓连接与外包夹板Ⅰ-15相固定，上端传动轴Ⅰ-28作为动力输入轴尺寸较长，又穿过第二菱形球面轴承座Ⅰ-27，第二菱形球面轴承座Ⅰ-27通过螺栓连接与外架固定板Ⅰ-12相固定，外架固定板Ⅰ-12与外架螺栓连接实现固连，进而实现上下两对V型滚Ⅰ-17的固定。
上下V型滚Ⅰ-17上套有柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16，使柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16出现V型轮廓便于V型定位，再利用其柔性和高摩擦性实现种薯预切半过程中稳定直线输送，同时，其余 3对V型滚Ⅰ-17穿在光滑中心轴Ⅰ-29上，在光滑中心轴Ⅰ-29上设置两个轴卡使V型滚Ⅰ-17位于光滑传动轴的中间位置，光滑中心轴Ⅰ-29两端铣出两个平面，平面上钻有较固定轴Ⅰ-25大一点的孔，以实现光滑中心轴Ⅰ-29可在固定轴Ⅰ-25上滑动；
该V型滚套件穿过柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16，并在光滑中心轴孔所在平面与外架固定板Ⅰ-12之间装有第一弹簧Ⅰ-18，外架固定板Ⅰ-12上钻有6对与固定轴Ⅰ-25相配合的孔，固定轴Ⅰ-25两端带有螺纹，可通过螺纹Ⅰ-13、螺母Ⅰ-14配合与外架固定板Ⅰ-12相接触，起限制行程的作用。
在第一弹簧Ⅰ-18的作用下，V型滚Ⅰ-17向内对柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16进行张紧，更好地实现相对的柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16之间出现一个V型空间，在两对柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16良好的包裹性下，从而利用V型定位原理对种薯稳定直线输送提供更好的保障效果。
同时，外包夹板Ⅰ-15外侧焊接固连有一个弧形导杆，在外架固定板Ⅰ-12相应位置有一孔，在弧形导杆上装有第二弹簧Ⅰ-26，然后使固定轴Ⅰ-25穿过孔并在外架固定板Ⅰ-12外侧部分上装有螺母Ⅰ-14，可对两个对立放置的外包夹板Ⅰ-15的角度进行调节以适应不同品种种薯的形状大小，又保证弧形导杆从孔中滑动的可靠性和稳定性。一对外包夹板Ⅰ-15成V型放置，一方面保证其种薯在直线运输过程中的稳定性，另一方面保证种薯与流线型切刀Ⅰ-06相接触时对种薯在与柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16垂直方向有一定的压力，进而增大种薯与柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16之间的摩擦力，使种薯受力合理可实现预切半功能。
如图4所示，流线型切刀Ⅰ-06呈上窄下宽的流线型，上端较窄保证切刀足够锋利，下端有一定宽度可实现种薯切块后顺势分离，切半分离后的种薯将在刀背的导向和传送带的进一步输送下进入三角分离装置。
如图5所示，三角分离装置包括：2条三角传送带Ⅰ-21、2个三角护板Ⅰ-23、圆柱型滚子传动轴Ⅰ-30和防侧翻外壳Ⅰ-19。2条三角传送带Ⅰ-21及传动轮分别构成第三传送机构和第四传送机构，第三传送机构和第四传送机构形成倒V型布置，并与V型传送空间的传送面对接；切成两半的物料经第三传送机构和第四传送机构分别运送，物料切面与传送机构接触。
三角传送带Ⅰ-21采用柔性硅胶材质，保证其具有一定的张紧力，圆柱型滚子传动轴Ⅰ-30通过销钉连接，圆柱型滚子传动轴Ⅰ-30穿过第一菱形球面轴承座Ⅰ-24与三角护板Ⅰ-23通过螺栓Ⅰ-22连接，三角护板Ⅰ-23也通过螺栓连接与机器外架实现固连，两个三角护板Ⅰ-23之间的距离与圆柱型滚子传动轴Ⅰ-30相配合，为保证距离相等，在三角护板Ⅰ-23之间添加了三个等长的光轴进行限位校核，通过螺钉Ⅰ-20连接使其与三角护板Ⅰ-23内侧接触，实现三角护板Ⅰ-23之间处处等距。三角护板Ⅰ-23一方面保证圆柱型滚子传动轴Ⅰ-30在运动过 程中不会发生轴向窜动，另一方面可对切半后的种薯起防侧翻的作用。
以上结构装置构成了弹性自定位预切块系统，可实现种薯制种过程的预切半功能，安全稳定高效，可靠性强，通过三处V型定位和弹簧弹性的加持，可实现种薯形状大小的自适应和自定位。
如图1所示，弹性自定位预切块系统的传动系统采用带传动驱动V型滚传动轴Ⅰ-17转动，弹性V型自定位装置将的两根动力传动轴Ⅰ-28之间通过第一传动转向齿轮Ⅰ-01传动进行动力输送，进而实现两根竖立放置的柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16同步运动，然后通过带传动再次控制三角分离装置圆柱型滚子传动轴Ⅰ-30，使其转速略高于竖立放置的柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16运动速度，以便于种薯切半后的分离工序。
由于弹性V型自定位装置中的柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16要求运转平稳，为种薯提供一个平稳的切块环境。采用带传动，传动平稳、缓冲减震、结构简单、成本低，故采用带传动作为弹性V型自定位装置的传动系统。保证弹性V型自定位装置中柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16的转速相同且异向，即要求两根动力传动轴同步异向转动，采用第一传动转向齿轮Ⅰ-01传动，传动比准确稳定，工作可靠性高，寿命长。对于三角分离装置中传送带的传动，考虑到三角分离装置尺寸较小，结构紧凑且需根据实际生产情况调节生产速度，采用带传送控制三角分离装置转速更加符合实际情况。经实验测试，以上传动系统的设计可以达到理想效果，故选择正确，符合设计要求。
弹性自定位预切块系统的可行性分析及弹簧的选用
为实现弹性V型定位装置对种薯形状的自适应，并保证种薯与流线型切刀Ⅰ-06相接触时仍保持良好的稳定性，故在中间3对V型滚Ⅰ-17的转轴的导杆上装有3组第一弹簧Ⅰ-18，在外包夹板Ⅰ-15与外架固定板Ⅰ-12之间也连接有1组第二弹簧Ⅰ-26。根据受力分析和实际要求，这四组弹簧均采用圆柱螺旋弹簧。在弹性V型定位装置直线输送过程中，种薯位置状态，如图6所示。
圆柱螺旋弹簧特性曲线呈线性，刚性稳定，结构简单，制造方便，应用较广，在机械设备中多用于缓冲、减震，以及储能和控制运动，其特性曲线如图7所示。
圆柱螺旋弹簧所在导杆直径为8mm弹簧材料直径为13mm，满足≤13mm，故弹簧材料采用碳素弹簧钢丝C级。由于高径比B较大的压缩弹簧，当轴向载荷达到一定值时就会发生侧向弯曲和失去稳定性，为保证使用稳定，高径比b＝H 0/D应满足下列要求：
两端固定 b≤5.3
一端固定另一段回转 b≤3.7
两端回转 b≤2.6
当上述高径比b不满足实际要求时，可按照下式进行计算：
P c＝C B×P'×H 0>P a          (1)
式中，P c——Ⅰ-18弹簧的临界载荷，N；
C B——不稳定系数，从机械设计手册中查取；
P’——Ⅰ-18弹簧刚度，N/mm；
P n——最大工作载荷，N。
通过上式计算便可确定高径比b的一个范围，进而确定Ⅰ-18弹簧高度H 0的大小。故此圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧的稳定性得到保证。
柔性硅胶传送带摩擦力分析与计算
种薯在直线输送过程中均与柔性硅胶传送带接触，利用其产生的摩擦力带动种薯向流线型切刀运动，进一步的与切刀接触，克服切刀给种薯的冲击力，从而实现种薯稳定切半这一过程，切半完成后，经过三角分离装置输送，此处传送带仍采用柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16，利用其摩擦力较大的特性，防止切半后的中种薯出现位置偏移和侧翻。种薯在竖立状态下受力分析如图8所示。
种薯与流线型切刀Ⅰ-06相接触时，种薯将受到一个竖直向上的支持力，若要实现柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16输送种薯完成切半过程，必须要满足以下公式：
G+2×F f×cosα>2×F 弹×cosα+F N     (2)
式中，G——种薯自身在重力，N；
F f——竖立状态下种薯下直线输送过程中所受的摩擦力，其中F f1＝F f2，N；
F 弹——将种薯所受弹簧弹力简化为一个合力，方向与传送带垂直，N；
F N——Ⅰ-06流线型切刀给种薯所受的支持力，N；
α——Ⅰ-15外包夹板与水平面所成的夹角，°；
下面对柔性硅胶传送带摩擦力进行详细分析。从机械设计手册中查得，橡胶与橡胶(平行纹理)之间干摩擦状态下，滑动摩擦系数为0.48。硅胶是相交的一种，马铃薯表皮看作一种具有平行纹理的橡胶，在柔性硅胶传送带输送过程中处于产生滑动的临界状态，可将其看作滑动摩擦，在此基础上进一步分析。
马铃薯所受摩擦力计算公式可表达为：
F f＝μ×F N1        (3)
式中，μ——摩擦系数，从机械设计手册中查取，为0.48；
F N——竖立状态下种薯下直线输送过程中所受的支持力，N，即：
F N1＝3×P c×sinα       (4)
根据设计要求计算，α取值范围为70°——80°，弹簧直径为d，长度为H 0，按照公式(1)计算可得出P c的取值。
P c＝C B×P'×H 0        (5)
式中，P c——弹簧的临界载荷，N；
C B——不稳定系数，从机械设计手册中查取；
P’——弹簧刚度，N/mm；
带入公式(2)整理可得：
G+6×μ×C B×P'×H 0×sinα×cosα>2×C B×P'×H 0×cosα+F N    (6)
Figure PCTCN2019114430-appb-000001
验证μ＝0.48是否满足以上公式，带入可知满足设计要求。即选用柔性硅胶传送带合适，满足摩擦力要求。
实施例二
在一些实施例中，公开了一种弹性自定位预切块方法，包括以下过程：
锥形自定位限位送料系统(即上一工位)将种薯有序送入弹性自定位预切块系统，此时种薯长轴位置处于竖直方向,并落入弹性V型自定位装置V型空间入口，在柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16V型轮廓的包裹下，传动轴Ⅰ-28转动带动柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16运动，种薯进一步直线输送，此处为中间位置的3对Ⅰ-17V型滚在第一弹簧Ⅰ-18弹性的作用下对种薯形状大小进行自适应，保证直线输送过程的稳定性和可靠性。种薯进一步竖直向下输送，外包夹板Ⅰ-15再次适应种薯形状大小，在弧形导轨和第二弹簧Ⅰ-26弹性作用下，外包夹板Ⅰ-15绕传动轴发生一定角度为位置变化以适应种薯形状大小，在此处第一弹簧Ⅰ-18弹性作用下柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16对种薯的包裹性更强，以便种薯与流线型切刀Ⅰ-06接触时稳定实现切半过程。
进一步的，种薯与流线型切刀Ⅰ-06刀刃接触，在V型定位、弹性夹持、柔性传送的共同作用下，种薯所受摩擦力和重力大于流线型切刀Ⅰ-06对种薯的冲击力可实现种薯的稳定切 半，上窄下宽的流线型形状使种薯切半后顺势分离进入三角输送装置的柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16。三角分子装置的柔性硅胶传送带Ⅰ-16摩擦力较大，保证种薯切半后在进入指定工位前不会发生位置偏移和侧等问题。经过三角分离装置的输送，切半后的种薯最终被送入智能切块工位(即下一工位)的输送盘中心位置，以便进行智能识别检测切块。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，包括：V型自定位装置、切刀和分离装置；
    所述V型自定位装置包括：第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面，所述第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面形成V型传送空间，物料随着弹性传送面的运转到达两个弹性传送面之间的底端时，保持在竖直状态；所述两个弹性传送面之间的底端设有切刀，将物料沿长轴方向切成两半；所述分离装置设置在切刀下部，被配置为将切成两半的物料分别输送至下一环节。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，所述第一弹性传送面和第二弹性传送面通过第一传送机构和第二传送机构提供，所述第一传送机构和第二传送机构成V型对称布置。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，每一组传送机构包括：至少三个滚轮，上下两个滚轮上套有柔性传送带，其余滚轮设置在上下两滚轮之间，作为中间滚轮；
    每一个所述中间滚轮中间同轴布置中心轴，所述中心轴两端伸出所述中间滚轮，所述中心轴伸出中间滚轮的两端设置通孔；固定轴穿过所述通孔后固定在外部框架上，中间滚轮能够沿着固定轴移动。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，所述中心轴通孔到外部框架之间的固定轴上同轴设置弹簧，所述固定轴沿向V型传送空间两侧延伸的方向设置，使得V型传送空间能够根据物料大小进行自适应调节。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，通过电机驱动第一传动轴转动，所述第一传动轴上设有第一传动齿轮，第一传动齿轮与第二传动齿轮啮合，第二传动齿轮设置在第二传动轴上；所述第一传动轴作为其中一组传送机构的动力传动轴，所述第二传动轴作为另一组传送机构的动力传动轴。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，还包括：第一外包夹板和第二外包夹板，所述第一外包夹板设置在第一传送机构的外侧，所述第一外包夹板的一端通过轴承与第一传送机构的动力输出轴连接，另一端自由延伸至第一传送机构的末端；
    所述第二外包夹板设置在第二传送机构的外侧，与第一外包夹板对称设置；
    所述第一外包夹板和第二外包夹板外侧均设有弧形导杆，所述弧形导杆上设有弹簧，所述户型杆与外部框架连接；
    第一外包夹板和第二外包夹板均能够沿所对应的动力输出轴转动，以适应不同大小的物料。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，所述分离装置包括：第 三传送机构和第四传送机构，所述第三传送机构和第四传送机构形成倒V型布置，并与V型传送空间的传送面对接；切成两半的物料经第三传送机构和第四传送机构分别运送，物料切面与传送机构接触。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，所述第三传送机构和第四传送机构上方设定位置均设置防物料翻转的档板。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种弹性自定位预切块装置，其特征在于，所述切刀呈上窄下宽的流线型。
  10. 一种弹性自定位预切块的方法，其特征在于，包括：物料被呈V型布置的柔性传送带限位输送，以长轴方向处于竖直方向下落，最终落入切刀位置；切刀将物料沿长轴方向切成两半；分成两半后的物料被分别运送至下一工序；物料下落过程中，柔性传送带能够根据物料的大小自适应调整。
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