WO2020233003A1 - 一种割胶机及割胶方法 - Google Patents

一种割胶机及割胶方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233003A1
WO2020233003A1 PCT/CN2019/117362 CN2019117362W WO2020233003A1 WO 2020233003 A1 WO2020233003 A1 WO 2020233003A1 CN 2019117362 W CN2019117362 W CN 2019117362W WO 2020233003 A1 WO2020233003 A1 WO 2020233003A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide rail
tapping machine
rubber
deformable
rubber tapping
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PCT/CN2019/117362
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许振昆
王建勇
张兴明
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宁波中创瀚维科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020233003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233003A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/10—Tapping of tree-juices, e.g. caoutchouc, gum
    • A01G23/12—Knives or axes for tapping
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/10—Tapping of tree-juices, e.g. caoutchouc, gum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a rubber tapping machine and a rubber tapping method for cutting rubber tree bark in this field.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN104429813A discloses a rubber tapping machine, which includes a tree tying frame and two ring planetary gear housings respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the tree tying frame.
  • a vector moving tool carrier assembly is set between the two planetary gear housings;
  • a gear shaft is set on the mobile tool post assembly, a motor and a rubber tapping tool post with rack and pinion are arranged in the vector mobile tool post assembly;
  • a rubber tapping knife assembly is set in the rubber tapping tool post, and the top of the rubber tapping knife assembly is connected to the lead screw and rotates The lead screw can move the rubber tapping knife assembly up and down in the rubber tapping knife frame.
  • the ring planetary gear shell of this tapping machine has a fixed shape and cannot be adjusted according to the thickness of the rubber tree trunk.
  • the tool holder adopts a rack and pinion transmission method, which has a high failure rate and troublesome installation.
  • the position of the cutter head of this tapping machine is fixed, and the surface of the rubber bark is irregular. This structure makes the tapping machine not only The concave part of the surface of the rubber bark cannot be cut, and it is easy to be stuck by the convex part of the surface of the rubber bark, which cannot solve the problem of continuous cutting of the surface of the irregular rubber bark.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN107711410A discloses a rubber tapping machine and a rubber tapping method.
  • the problem of fixing the rubber tapping machine on tree trunks of different thicknesses is solved by using a flexible guide rail, but the stability of the whole machine during rubber tapping needs to be improved.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rubber tapping machine and a rubber tapping method that can be firmly fixed on different tree trunks and can cut stably and evenly.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a tapping machine is improved in that: the tapping machine includes two upper and lower deformable guide rails, a chute is formed between the inner and outer walls of the deformable guide rail, and teeth are arranged on the outer side of the outer wall; the tapping machine also includes a longitudinal Rails, the upper and lower rail racks are installed at both ends of the longitudinal rails, the inner groove and the horizontal limit wheel are set on the rail racks, the upper and lower two deformable rails are inserted into the inner grooves of the upper and lower rail racks, so that the The gear meshes with the teeth on the outer wall of the deformable guide rail, and the lateral limit wheel is embedded in the corresponding chute on the deformable guide rail; in addition, a screw is installed between the upper and lower guide rails. One end of the screw is connected to the motor I The motor teeth are fixedly connected, and the other end is fixedly connected with a driving gear; the rubber tapping machine also includes a tool holder assembly sleeved on the longitudinal guide rail and the lead screw.
  • the deformable guide rail is divided into an inner wall and an outer wall.
  • the inner wall has a spaced segment structure, and each section of the outer wall and the inner wall is connected as a whole.
  • interval sections of the inner wall of the deformable guide rail are equally spaced and uniform sections or regular multiple small sections with equal intervals.
  • the inner wall surface of the deformable guide rail is provided with protruding nails.
  • two or more longitudinal limit sliding blocks are respectively arranged on the top and bottom of the groove in the guide rail frame.
  • motor teeth and driving gears in the upper and lower rail frames are respectively meshed with the teeth on the two deformable rails by means of multi-stage gear transmission.
  • one end of the tool holder assembly is sleeved on the lead screw through a nut, and the other end passes through the longitudinal guide rail and can slide up and down, and a ratchet wheel and a fixed-angle positioning block that can rotate synchronously with the nut are fixedly installed outside the nut, Set the tool holder seat and the linear displacement slider with spring return piece on the tool holder assembly, install the motor II fixedly on the tool holder seat, install the power wheel with notched slot on the power output shaft of the motor II, One end of the displacement slider is installed with a tapping knife assembly, and the other end edge is in contact with the above-mentioned power wheel.
  • a springable pawl is installed on the linear displacement slider at a position opposite to the above-mentioned ratchet, as well as the position interval relative to the fixed-angle positioning block. Set the positioning end face.
  • the rubber tapping knife assembly includes a knife head swing arm hinged to the knife holder base, a torsion spring is arranged on a column at one end of the knife head swing arm, and the torsion spring is connected to the linear displacement slider through a steel wire, and the knife head One end of the swing arm is connected with a knife depth limiter, and the rubber tapping blade is fixed on the knife depth limiter.
  • the blade depth limiting member is connected to the swing arm of the blade through a lock screw, and the blade depth limiting member can swing freely at multiple angles.
  • the cutting depth limiting member is provided with a limiting portion and a guiding portion.
  • a rubber tapping method using the above rubber tapping machine is improved in that it includes the following steps:
  • Fixation Hoop the upper and lower two deformable guide rails of the rubber tapping machine on the rubber tree, and tighten the two ends of the deformable guide rail with a tightening belt to fix the rubber tapping machine on the rubber tree trunk;
  • starting motor I drives the motor teeth, lead screw and driving gear to rotate counterclockwise, so that the upper and lower guide rails move synchronously counterclockwise along the upper and lower deformable guide rails where they are located.
  • the tool holder assembly is driven by the lead screw.
  • the transmission moves from top to bottom along the lead screw, and the two vectors are superimposed to form a spiral return from top left to bottom right;
  • step (2) the linear displacement slider is reset and the steel wire is pulled to drive the torsion spring to be stressed, and the cutter head swing arm extends; in step (4), the linear displacement slider is pushed forward to pull the torsion spring The steel wire is relaxed, the torsion spring is not stressed, and the cutter head swing arm retracts.
  • the rubber tapping machine disclosed in the present invention can adapt the rubber tapping machine to tree trunks of different thickness and shape through the use of deformable guide rails. Together with the tightening belt, the rubber tapping machine can be firmly fixed on the tree trunk.
  • the deformable guide rail is The tapping process plays a transmission role.
  • the outer wall of the deformable guide rail is a complete integrated structure, and the inner wall is a spaced segmented structure. This segmentation is conducive to uniform deformation of the entire body, which not only ensures the rigidity of the inner wall, but also enables the entire guide rail to be deformed at different angles.
  • the protruding nails provided on the inner wall of the deformable guide rail help the guide rail to grasp the surface of the tree trunk.
  • the vertical and horizontal directions between the deformable guide rail and the upper and lower guide rail frames are both limited, which greatly improves the stability and practicability of the tapping machine in the rubber tapping process, specifically: horizontal limit
  • the positioning wheel is embedded in the sliding groove of the deformable guide rail to prevent the guide rail frame from falling out, and it can also limit the lateral displacement between the upper and lower guide rail racks and the deformable guide rail.
  • the longitudinal limit slider can not only reduce the sliding groove and the upper and lower rail racks
  • the friction force can also play a role in limiting the vertical position of the entire deformable guide rail.
  • the blade depth limiter can continuously change the swing angle with the tree shape, so that the cutting blade is always perpendicular to the center of the circle, thereby ensuring uniform cutting depth. Otherwise, the blade will not be able to cut when encountering a concave part, and when encountering a convex part, the blade will cut too deeply, damaging the blade and hurting the rubber tree.
  • the cutting depth of different rubber trees can be controlled by adjusting the distance that the cutting blade extends from the depth limiter.
  • a power wheel, a linear displacement sliding block, a ratchet wheel and a fixed-angle positioning block are arranged on the tool holder seat, which realizes that the tool holder assembly automatically moves down the set distance after each cut, and moves down After that, keep the positioning still until the next cutting process is completed.
  • the rotation angle of the ratchet is determined by the number of teeth on the ratchet, and the positioning is achieved by overlapping the positioning end face on the linear displacement slider with the end face of the fixed-angle positioning block on the side of the ratchet, and the ratchet is meshed with the screw through the nut.
  • the rotation of the ratchet can drive the overall tool post assembly to move down.
  • the rubber tapping method disclosed in the present invention can complete the vector superposition rubber tapping process from bottom right to upper left and the vector superposition return process from top left to bottom right through a single motor, which conforms to the rubber tapping law of rubber tree, and completes the total tool rest at the same time as the knife is retracted.
  • the finished move is simple and convenient.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram I of the structure of a rubber tapping machine disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram II of the structure of the rubber tapping machine disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram I of part of the structure of the knife holder assembly in the rubber tapping machine disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of the structure II of the knife holder assembly of the rubber tapping machine disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a partial structural diagram of the rubber tapping knife assembly in the rubber tapping machine disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the deformable guide rail of the rubber tapping machine disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 as shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment discloses a rubber tapping machine.
  • the rubber tapping machine includes two upper and lower deformable guide rails 1.
  • a chute 2 is formed between the inner and outer walls of the deformable guide rail.
  • the outer wall of the deformed guide rail 1 is provided with teeth 3;
  • the tapping machine also includes a longitudinal guide rail 4, an upper and lower guide rail frame 5 is installed at both ends of the longitudinal guide rail 4, and an inner groove is provided on the guide rail frame 5, the upper and lower two can be
  • the deformable guide rails 1 are inserted into the inner grooves of the upper and lower guide rail frames 5, so that the gears in the guide rail frame 5 mesh with the teeth 3 on the outer wall of the deformable guide rail.
  • the upper and lower guide rail frames are respectively provided with a horizontal limit wheel 6 and a longitudinal limiter Position slider 13, the horizontal limit wheel 6 is embedded in the corresponding chute 2 on the deformable rail, and the longitudinal limit slider 13 is in contact with the edge of the outer wall of the deformable rail; in addition, a lead screw is installed between the upper and lower rail frames 5 7.
  • One end of the lead screw 7 is fixedly connected to the motor teeth of the motor I8, and the other end is fixedly connected to a driving gear; the motor teeth and driving gears in the upper and lower guide rail frames 5 are respectively connected to two deformable gears by means of multi-stage gear transmission.
  • the teeth on the guide rail mesh with each other, and driven gears can be set in the upper and lower guide rail frames to ensure more stable transmission between the guide rail frame and the deformable guide rail.
  • the tapping machine also includes the longitudinal guide rail 4 and the lead screw 7. On the tool holder assembly. As shown in Figure 1-4, one end of the tool holder assembly is sleeved on the lead screw 7 through a nut, and the other end passes through the longitudinal guide rail 4 and can slide up and down. A ratchet 10 that can rotate synchronously with the nut is fixedly installed outside the nut.
  • a tool holder seat and a linear displacement slider 12 with a spring return piece 17 are set on the tool holder assembly, a motor II9 is fixedly installed on the tool holder seat, and a belt is installed on the power output shaft of the motor II9
  • a rubber tapping knife assembly is installed at one end of the linear displacement slider 12.
  • the other end edge of the linear displacement slider 12 is in contact with the power wheel 14, and the ratchet wheel 10 is also on the linear displacement slider 12.
  • the elastic pawl 15 is installed at the opposite position, and the positioning end surface 16 is arranged at the position opposite to the fixed-angle positioning block 11 at intervals.
  • the number of teeth on the ratchet wheel 10 is 4, the fixed-angle positioning block 11 is rounded on four sides, and the positioning end faces on the linear displacement slider 12 are two.
  • the power wheel 14 rotates counterclockwise, when the linear displacement slides
  • the linear displacement slider 12 is pushed out, the elastic pawl 15 dials the teeth on the ratchet, the ratchet 10 and the fixed-angle positioning block 11 are rotated 90 degrees, and after the rotation is in place
  • One end surface of the fixed-angle positioning block 11 coincides with a positioning end surface 16 on the linear displacement slider 12.
  • the rubber tapping knife assembly includes a knife head swing arm 18 hinged to the knife holder base.
  • a torsion spring 19 is provided on the column at one end of the knife head swing arm, and the twisting The spring 19 is connected to the linear displacement slider 12, and one end of the tool head swing arm 18 is connected to the tool depth limiter 20.
  • the tool depth limiter 20 is provided with a limit part 23 and a guide part 22 that can swing freely at multiple angles.
  • the position piece 20 is connected to the cutter head swing arm 18 by a lock screw.
  • the tapping blade 21 is fixed on the knife depth limit piece 20.
  • the tapping blade 21 is provided with a cutting depth adjustment hole.
  • the tapping blade 21 is fixed in the depth adjustment hole by a screw.
  • the knife depth limiter 20 is on.
  • the deformable guide rail is divided into an inner wall and an outer wall.
  • the outer wall is a complete one-piece
  • the inner wall is a partitioned segmented structure, and each section of the outer wall and the inner wall is connected as a whole.
  • the segments can be equally spaced and evenly spaced or unequal, but equally spaced spaced segments are more conducive to uniform deformation.
  • Protruding nails 24 are provided on the inner wall of the deformable guide rail to hold the tree trunk, or the inner wall can be directly made into a textured non-slip rough surface.
  • This embodiment also discloses a rubber tapping method, using the above rubber tapping machine, including the following steps:
  • Fixation Hoop the upper and lower two deformable guide rails of the rubber tapping machine on the rubber tree, and tighten the two ends of the deformable guide rail with a tightening belt to fix the rubber tapping machine on the rubber tree trunk;
  • starting motor I drives the motor teeth, lead screw and driving gear to rotate counterclockwise, so that the upper and lower guide rails move synchronously counterclockwise along the upper and lower deformable guide rails where they are located.
  • the tool holder assembly is driven by the lead screw.
  • the transmission moves from top to bottom along the lead screw, and the two vectors are superimposed to form a spiral return from top left to bottom right;
  • step (2) the linear displacement slider is reset and the wire is pulled to drive the torsion spring to be stressed, and the cutter head swing arm extends; in step (4), the linear displacement slider is pushed forward to relax the wire pulling the torsion spring , The torsion spring is not stressed, and the cutter head swing arm retracts. While retracting the knife, the ratchet wheel 10 rotates 90 degrees to drive the knife holder assembly to move down along the lead screw 7 and the longitudinal guide 4 by one distance unit.

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  • Ecology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种割胶机及割胶方法，所述的割胶机包括上下两条可变形导轨，在可变形导轨内外壁之间形成滑槽，外壁外侧设置齿牙；所述的割胶机还包括纵向导轨，在纵向导轨的两端分别安装上下导轨架，在导轨架上设置内凹槽和横向限位轮，导轨架内的齿轮与可变形导轨外壁上的齿牙相啮合，且横向限位轮嵌入可变形导轨上相对应的滑槽内；此外还在上下导轨架之间安装丝杠，该丝杠的一端与电机I的马达齿固定连接，另一端固定连接一个主动齿轮；所述的割胶机还包括套装在纵向导轨和丝杠上的刀架总成。本发明所公开的割胶机通过使用可变形导轨，可以使割胶机适用不同粗细形状的树干，与收紧带一起配合，就能将整个割胶机牢固的固定在树干上，另外可变形导轨还为割胶过程起到传动作用。

Description

一种割胶机及割胶方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械领域，具体的说涉及该领域中的一种用于橡胶树树皮切割的割胶机及割胶方法。
背景技术
自从人类发现可以从橡胶树采集天然橡胶以来，使橡胶树皮形成流胶滑道的方法，始终是人工手持割胶刀切割；虽然近代开始有电动割胶刀出现，但是仍然需要人工手持操作。
中国发明专利申请CN104429813A公开了一种割胶机，包括绑树固定架和分别安装于绑树固定架上下两端的两个环形行星齿轮外壳，两行星齿轮外壳之间设置矢量移动刀架总成；矢量移动刀架总成上设置齿轮轴，矢量移动刀架总成内设置马达和带齿轮齿条的割胶刀架；割胶刀架内设置割胶刀总成，割胶刀总成的顶端连接丝杠，转动丝杠可使割胶刀总成在割胶刀架内上下移动。这种割胶机的环形行星齿轮外壳形状固定，无法根据橡胶树干的粗细进行调整，如果橡胶树干较细，割胶刀总成与橡胶树干之间的力臂较长，割胶费力且效果较差；割胶刀架采用齿轮齿条的传动方式，故障率高且安装麻烦；此外，这种割胶机的刀头位置固定，而橡胶树皮的表面不规则，这样的结构使该割胶机在割胶过程中，不但割不到橡胶树皮的表面凹陷部位，而且容易被橡胶树皮的表面凸起部位卡住，不能很好的解决不规则橡胶树皮表面的连续切割问题。
中国发明专利申请CN107711410A公开了一种割胶机及割胶方法，通过使用软性导轨解决了将割胶机固定在不同粗细树干的问题，但是在整机割胶的过程中的稳定性上还有待提高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题，就是提供一种可以牢固固定在不同的树干上并且能够稳定均匀进行切割的割胶机及割胶方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种割胶机，其改进之处在于：所述的割胶机包括上下两条可变形导轨，在可变形导轨内外壁之间形成滑槽，外壁外侧设置齿牙；所述的割胶机还包括纵向导轨，在纵向导轨的两端分别安装上下导轨架，在导轨架上设置内凹槽和横向限位轮，上下两条可变形导轨分别插入上下导轨架的内凹槽中，使导轨架内的齿轮与可变形导轨外壁上的齿牙相啮合，且横向限位轮嵌入可变形导轨上相对应的滑槽内；此外还在上下导轨架之间安装丝杠，该丝杠的一端与电 机I的马达齿固定连接，另一端固定连接一个主动齿轮；所述的割胶机还包括套装在纵向导轨和丝杠上的刀架总成。
进一步的，所述的可变形导轨分为内壁和外壁，内壁为间隔分段结构，外壁与内壁的每段分节之间连接为一体。
进一步的，所述的可变形导轨内壁间隔分段为等间距均匀分段或成规律的多小段等间隔。
进一步的，所述的可变形导轨内壁表面设置有凸钉。
进一步的，在导轨架内凹槽的顶部和底部还分别设置两个以上的横向限位轮。
进一步的，在导轨架内凹槽的顶部和底部还分别设置两个以上的纵向限位滑块。
进一步的，上下导轨架中的马达齿和主动齿轮均通过多级齿轮传动的方式分别与两条可变形导轨上的齿牙相啮合。
进一步的，所述刀架总成的一端通过螺母套装在丝杠上，另一端穿过纵向导轨并可沿其上下滑动，在螺母外固定安装可与螺母同步转动的棘轮和定角定位块，在刀架总成上设置刀架座和带弹簧复位片的直线位移滑块，在刀架座上固定安装电机II，在电机II的动力输出轴上安装带缺口卡槽的动力轮，在直线位移滑块的一端安装割胶刀组件，另一端边缘与上述动力轮相接触，此外还在直线位移滑块上与上述棘轮相对的位置安装可弹棘爪，以及与定角定位块相对的位置间隔设置定位端面。
进一步的，所述的棘轮上的齿为3个以上。
进一步的，所述的割胶刀组件包括与刀架座铰接的刀头摆臂，在刀头摆臂一端的柱突上设置扭簧，并且通过钢丝将扭簧与直线位移滑块连接，刀头摆臂的一端连接刀深限位件，刀深限位件上固定割胶刀片。
进一步的，所述的刀深限位件通过防松螺丝与刀头摆臂连接，刀深限位件可以多角度自由摆动。
进一步的，所述的刀深限位件设置有限位部和引导部。
一种割胶方法，使用上述的割胶机，其改进之处在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)固定：把割胶机的上下两条可变形导轨箍在橡胶树上，用收紧带将可变形导轨的两端拉紧，使割胶机固定在橡胶树干上；
(2)放刀：启动电机II使动力轮顺时针旋转，动力轮上的缺口卡槽拉动直线位移滑块复位使割胶刀组件伸出并抵紧橡胶树皮；
(3)割胶：启动电机I驱动马达齿、丝杠和主动齿轮顺时针旋转，使上下导轨架分别沿其 所在的上下可变形导轨同步顺时针圆周运动，与此同时刀架总成由于丝杠的传动沿丝杠由下向上移动，两者矢量叠加形成从右下到左上的螺旋割胶过程；
(4)收刀：在上下导轨架移动至其所在可变形导轨的末端时关闭电机I，启动电机II反转使动力轮逆时针旋转，动力轮上的缺口卡槽卡住直线位移滑块的边缘并向前推出使割胶刀组件缩回并脱离橡胶树皮，与此同时，动力轮向前推出直线位移滑块的过程中其上的可弹棘爪带动棘轮旋转，棘轮旋转带动定角定位块和螺母旋转，从而使刀架总成沿丝杠下移设定距离；
(5)回程：启动电机I驱动马达齿、丝杠和主动齿轮逆时针旋转，使上下导轨架分别沿其所在的上下可变形导轨同步逆时针圆周运动，与此同时刀架总成由于丝杠的传动沿丝杠由上向下移动，两者矢量叠加形成从左上到右下的螺旋回程；
(6)重复上述步骤(2)—(5)，直至整个割胶过程结束。
进一步的，在步骤(2)中，直线位移滑块复位同时拉紧钢丝带动扭簧受力，刀头摆臂伸出；在步骤(4)中，直线位移滑块向前推出使拉动扭簧的钢丝放松，扭簧不受力，刀头摆臂收回。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所公开的割胶机通过使用可变形导轨，可以使割胶机适用不同粗细形状的树干，与收紧带一起配合，就能将整个割胶机牢固的固定在树干上，另外可变形导轨还为割胶过程起到传动作用。可变形导轨外壁为完整一体式结构，内壁为间隔分段结构，这种分段有利于整体形变均匀，既保证了内壁的刚性，又使导轨整体可以不同角度变形。可变形导轨内壁设置凸钉则有利于导轨抓紧树干表面。
本发明所公开的割胶机，可变形导轨和上下导轨架之间的竖直与水平方向均被限位，大大提升了割胶机在割胶过程中的稳定性和实用性，具体地说：横向限位轮嵌入可变形导轨的滑槽内既可以防止导轨架脱出，又可以限定上下导轨架与可变形导轨之间的横向位移，纵向限位滑块既可以起到减少滑槽与上下导轨架的摩擦力作用，又可以起到对整个可变形导轨的竖直方向的限位作用。
本发明所公开的割胶机，由于树干的形状不是正圆，刀深限位件可以随树形不断变换摆动角度，使得切割刀片始终保持垂直于圆心，从而保证切割深度均匀。否则遇到凹处，刀片将切割不到，遇到凸处，刀片切割过深，损坏刀片且伤害橡胶树。通过调整切割刀片伸出刀深限位件的距离还能控制对不同橡胶树的切割深度。
本发明所公开的割胶机，在刀架座上设置动力轮、直线位移滑块、棘轮和定角定位块，实现了每次切割完毕之后刀架总成自动下移设定距离，并且下移之后保持定位不动，直 到下一次切割过程完毕。具体的说是通过棘轮上齿的数量确定棘轮的旋转角度，通过直线位移滑块上的定位端面与棘轮一侧的定角定位块端面重合来实现定位，而棘轮通过螺母与丝杠啮合，因而棘轮转动就能带动整体刀架总成下移。
本发明所公开的割胶方法，通过一个电机即可完成从右下到左上的矢量叠加割胶过程以及从左上到右下的矢量叠加回程过程，符合橡胶树的割胶规律，收刀的同时完成刀架总成的下移，简单方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1所公开的割胶机的结构示意图I；
图2是本发明实施例1所公开的割胶机的结构示意图II；
图3是本发明实施例1所公开的割胶机中刀架总成中的部分结构示意图I；
图4是本发明实施例1所公开的割胶机中刀架总成中的部分结构示意图II；
图5是本发明实施例1所公开的割胶机中割胶刀组件的部分结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例1所公开的割胶机的可变形导轨的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1，如图1，2所示，本实施例公开了一种割胶机，所述的割胶机包括上下两条可变形导轨1，在可变形导轨内外壁之间形成滑槽2，可变形导轨1的外壁外侧设置齿牙3；所述的割胶机还包括纵向导轨4，在纵向导轨4的两端分别安装上下导轨架5，在导轨架5上设置内凹槽，上下两条可变形导轨1分别插入上下导轨架5的内凹槽中，使导轨架5内的齿轮与可变形导轨外壁上的齿牙3相啮合，在上下导轨架上分别设置横向限位轮6和纵向限位滑块13，横向限位轮6嵌入可变形导轨上相对应的滑槽2内，纵向限位滑块13与可变形导轨外壁的边缘接触；此外还在上下导轨架5之间安装丝杠7，该丝杠7的一端与电机I8的马达齿固定连接，另一端固定连接一个主动齿轮；上下导轨架5中的马达齿和主动齿轮均通过多级齿轮传动的方式分别与两条可变形导轨上的齿牙相啮合，在上下导轨架中还可以设置从动齿轮，保证导轨架与可变形导轨之间的传动更加稳定，所述的割胶机还包括套装在纵向导轨4和丝杠7上的刀架总成。如图1-4所示，刀架总成的一端通过螺母套装在丝杠7上，另一端穿过纵向导轨4并可沿其上下滑动，在螺母外固定安装可与螺母同步转动的棘轮10和定角定位块11，在刀架总成上设置刀架座和带弹簧复位片17的直线位移滑块12，在刀架 座上固定安装电机II9，在电机II9的动力输出轴上安装带缺口卡槽的动力轮14，在直线位移滑块12的一端安装割胶刀组件，直线位移滑块12另一端边缘与上述动力轮14相接触，此外还在直线位移滑块12上与上述棘轮10相对的位置安装可弹棘爪15，以及与定角定位块11相对的位置间隔设置定位端面16。本实施例中，棘轮10上的齿数为4个，定角定位块11为四边倒圆角形，直线位移滑块12上的定位端面为2个，动力轮14逆时针转动时，当直线位移滑块12的边缘落入动力轮14的缺口卡槽时，直线位移滑块12被推出，可弹棘爪15拨动棘轮上的齿，棘轮10和定角定位块11旋转90度，旋转到位后定角定位块11的一个端面与直线位移滑块12上的一个定位端面16重合定位，与此同时由于棘轮内部的螺母与丝杠7啮合，棘轮10旋转的过程会带动整个刀架总成沿纵向导轨4和丝杠7下移一个距离单位；当动力轮14顺时针转动时，直线位移滑块12的边缘在弹簧复位片17的作用下落入动力轮14的缺口卡槽，动力轮14将直线位移滑块12拉回，可弹棘爪15无法拨动棘轮10上的齿，棘轮10和定角定位块11均在原处不动。
如图1，5所示，在本实施例中，割胶刀组件包括与刀架座铰接的刀头摆臂18，在刀头摆臂一端的柱突上设置扭簧19，并且通过钢丝将扭簧19与直线位移滑块12连接，刀头摆臂18的一端连接刀深限位件20，刀深限位件20上设置有限位部23和引导部22可以多角度自由摆动，刀深限位件20通过防松螺丝与刀头摆臂18连接，刀深限位件20上固定割胶刀片21，割胶刀片21上开有切割深度调节孔，割胶刀片21通过螺钉穿过深度调节孔固定在刀深限位件20上。
如图6所示，在本实施例中，可变形导轨分为内壁和外壁，外壁为完整一体式，内壁为间隔分段结构，外壁与内壁的每段分节之间连接为一体，内壁的分段可以为等间距均匀分段也可以不等，但是等间距的间隔分段更有利于变形均匀。在可变形导轨的内壁上设置凸钉24用来抓紧树干，也可以将内壁直接做成带纹理的防滑粗糙表面。
本实施例还公开了一种割胶方法，使用上述的割胶机，包括如下步骤：
(1)固定：把割胶机的上下两条可变形导轨箍在橡胶树上，用收紧带将可变形导轨的两端拉紧，使割胶机固定在橡胶树干上；
(2)放刀：启动电机II使动力轮顺时针旋转，动力轮上的缺口卡槽拉动直线位移滑块复位使割胶刀组件伸出并抵紧橡胶树皮；
(3)割胶：启动电机I驱动马达齿、丝杠和主动齿轮顺时针旋转，使上下导轨架分别沿其所在的上下可变形导轨同步顺时针圆周运动，与此同时刀架总成由于丝杠的传动沿丝杠由下向上移动，两者矢量叠加形成从右下到左上的螺旋割胶过程；
(4)收刀：在上下导轨架移动至其所在可变形导轨的末端时关闭电机I，启动电机II反转使动力轮逆时针旋转，动力轮上的缺口卡槽卡住直线位移滑块的边缘并向前推出使割胶刀组件缩回并脱离橡胶树皮，与此同时，动力轮向前推出直线位移滑块的过程中其上的可弹棘爪带动棘轮旋转，棘轮旋转带动定角定位块和螺母旋转，从而使刀架总成沿丝杠下移设定距离；
(5)回程：启动电机I驱动马达齿、丝杠和主动齿轮逆时针旋转，使上下导轨架分别沿其所在的上下可变形导轨同步逆时针圆周运动，与此同时刀架总成由于丝杠的传动沿丝杠由上向下移动，两者矢量叠加形成从左上到右下的螺旋回程；
(6)重复上述步骤(2)—(5)，直至整个割胶过程结束。
在步骤(2)中，直线位移滑块复位同时拉紧钢丝带动扭簧受力，刀头摆臂伸出；在步骤(4)中，直线位移滑块向前推出使拉动扭簧的钢丝放松，扭簧不受力，刀头摆臂收回。收刀的同时，棘轮10旋转90度，带动刀架总成沿丝杠7和纵向导轨4下移一个距离单位。当棘轮10被可弹棘爪15拨动旋转一次90度定位之后，无论动力轮14继续逆时针旋转多少圈，棘轮10和定角定位块11依然会被卡死定位，不会再动；只有当动力轮10顺时针旋转把直线位移滑块12拉回原始位置之后，动力轮10再次逆时针旋转推动直线位移滑块12时，可弹棘爪15才能拨动棘轮10旋转第二个90度，以此类推，从而实现单向定角定位的功能。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种割胶机，其特征在于：所述的割胶机包括上下两条可变形导轨，在可变形导轨内外壁之间形成滑槽，外壁外侧设置齿牙；所述的割胶机还包括纵向导轨，在纵向导轨的两端分别安装上下导轨架，在导轨架上设置内凹槽和横向限位轮，上下两条可变形导轨分别插入上下导轨架的内凹槽中，使导轨架内的齿轮与可变形导轨外壁上的齿牙相啮合，且横向限位轮嵌入可变形导轨上相对应的滑槽内；此外还在上下导轨架之间安装丝杠，该丝杠的一端与电机I的马达齿固定连接，另一端固定连接一个主动齿轮；所述的割胶机还包括套装在纵向导轨和丝杠上的刀架总成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的可变形导轨分为内壁和外壁，内壁为间隔分段结构，外壁与内壁的每段分节之间连接为一体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的可变形导轨内壁间隔分段为等间距均匀分段或成规律的多小段等间隔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的可变形导轨内壁表面设置有凸钉。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的割胶机，其特征在于：在导轨架内凹槽的顶部和底部还分别设置两个以上的横向限位轮。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的割胶机，其特征在于：在导轨架内凹槽的顶部和底部还分别设置两个以上的纵向限位滑块。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的割胶机，其特征在于：上下导轨架中的马达齿和主动齿轮均通过多级齿轮传动的方式分别与两条可变形导轨上的齿牙相啮合。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述刀架总成的一端通过螺母套装在丝杠上，另一端穿过纵向导轨并可沿其上下滑动，在螺母外固定安装可与螺母同步转动的棘轮和定角定位块，在刀架总成上设置刀架座和带弹簧复位片的直线位移滑块，在刀架座上固定安装电机II，在电机II的动力输出轴上安装带缺口卡槽的动力轮，在直线位移滑块的一端安装割胶刀组件，另一端边缘与上述动力轮相接触，此外还在直线位移滑块上与上述棘轮相对的位置安装可弹棘爪，以及与定角定位块相对的位置间隔设置定位端面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的棘轮上的齿为3个以上。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的割胶刀组件包括与刀架座铰接的刀头摆臂，在刀头摆臂一端的柱突上设置扭簧，并且通过钢丝将扭簧与直线位移滑块连接，刀头摆臂的一端连接刀深限位件，刀深限位件上固定割胶刀片。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的刀深限位件通过防松螺丝与刀头摆臂连接，刀深限位件可以多角度自由摆动。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的割胶机，其特征在于：所述的刀深限位件设置有限位部和引导部。
  13. 一种割胶方法，使用权利要求8-12任一项所述的割胶机，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)固定：把割胶机的上下两条可变形导轨箍在橡胶树上，用收紧带将可变形导轨的两端拉紧，使割胶机固定在橡胶树干上；
    (2)放刀：启动电机II使动力轮顺时针旋转，动力轮上的缺口卡槽拉动直线位移滑块复位使割胶刀组件伸出并抵紧橡胶树皮；
    (3)割胶：启动电机I驱动马达齿、丝杠和主动齿轮顺时针旋转，使上下导轨架分别沿其所在的上下可变形导轨同步顺时针圆周运动，与此同时刀架总成由于丝杠的传动沿丝杠由下向上移动，两者矢量叠加形成从右下到左上的螺旋割胶过程；
    (4)收刀：在上下导轨架移动至其所在可变形导轨的末端时关闭电机I，启动电机II反转使动力轮逆时针旋转，动力轮上的缺口卡槽卡住直线位移滑块的边缘并向前推出使割胶刀组件缩回并脱离橡胶树皮，与此同时，动力轮向前推出直线位移滑块的过程中其上的可弹棘爪带动棘轮旋转，棘轮旋转带动定角定位块和螺母旋转，从而使刀架总成沿丝杠下移设定距离；
    (5)回程：启动电机I驱动马达齿、丝杠和主动齿轮逆时针旋转，使上下导轨架分别沿其所在的上下可变形导轨同步逆时针圆周运动，与此同时刀架总成由于丝杠的传动沿丝杠由上向下移动，两者矢量叠加形成从左上到右下的螺旋回程；
    (6)重复上述步骤(2)—(5)，直至整个割胶过程结束。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的割胶方法，其特征在于：在步骤(2)中，直线位移滑块复位同时拉紧钢丝带动扭簧受力，刀头摆臂伸出；在步骤(4)中，直线位移滑块向前推出使拉动扭簧的钢丝放松，扭簧不受力，刀头摆臂收回。
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