WO2020228256A1 - 一种雷达和角度调整装置 - Google Patents

一种雷达和角度调整装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020228256A1
WO2020228256A1 PCT/CN2019/114588 CN2019114588W WO2020228256A1 WO 2020228256 A1 WO2020228256 A1 WO 2020228256A1 CN 2019114588 W CN2019114588 W CN 2019114588W WO 2020228256 A1 WO2020228256 A1 WO 2020228256A1
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Prior art keywords
spherical mirror
light
center
annular
hole
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PCT/CN2019/114588
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨峥
郑凯
李�远
Original Assignee
北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201910403114.3A external-priority patent/CN111948795B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910900956.XA external-priority patent/CN112540360B/zh
Application filed by 北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司 filed Critical 北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020228256A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020228256A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optics, in particular to a radar and an angle adjustment device.
  • the initial signal emitted by the radar is reflected by the object to form an echo signal, and the echo signal is compared with the initial signal to obtain accurate information about the distance of the measured object.
  • the initial signal can be a laser signal.
  • the laser has the advantages of small beam divergence, concentrated energy, good directivity, and high repetition frequency, so that the lidar can realize long-distance, high-precision measurement of the measured object.
  • Lidar has a wide range of applications in aerospace, remote sensing detection, measurement, and intelligent driving.
  • the radar has a limited field of view.
  • Traditional radars can use Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) scanning to expand the field of view, use MEMS micro-mirrors to complete vertical scanning, and rotate the fuselage to complete horizontal scanning. This makes assembly and debugging difficult.
  • MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
  • the problem is that if multiple MEMS micromirrors are used to cover a larger field of view range, greater cost will be incurred, and the stitching between the fields of view will be more troublesome.
  • the first one is to expand the field of view through the rotating prism method, that is, the initial beam is reflected to each field of view through a rotating reflecting prism.
  • This method can achieve a 120° field of view.
  • Field angle scanning but the driving circuit required for the prism is relatively large, and the macroscopic rotation of the prism device leads to poor system stability and reliability;
  • the second method uses ordinary objective lenses and fisheye lenses to achieve a zoom limit of 150-160°
  • the scanning magnification changes from the center field of view to the edge field of view have significant nonlinear characteristics, and the light-through ratio also has a big difference.
  • the fisheye lens belongs to the large aberration system, so the image of the edge field angle The difference is very significant, making the divergence angle of the edge field of view larger.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a radar and an angle adjustment device for expanding the angle of view.
  • the present invention has the following technical solutions:
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an angle adjustment device, including:
  • a light through hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the through light hole; a first toroidal spherical mirror is formed on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • a light opening after the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times on the inner surface of the first annular spherical mirror, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second annular spherical mirror, and exits through the first light opening ,
  • the N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the distance between the sphere center of the second annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is the same as the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole
  • the ratio of the distance in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is (N+1).
  • the spherical center of the first annular spherical mirror is closer to the second annular spherical mirror than the center of the light-passing hole, and the light-passing hole and the first light-passing port are located on different sides, then
  • the N is an even number; the center of the light through hole is closer to the second toroidal spherical mirror than the center of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the light through hole and the first light through hole are located on the same side , Then the N is an odd number.
  • the first light opening penetrates the second annular spherical mirror in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, and the second annular spherical mirror forms an arc less than or equal to a semicircle on the joint surface of the two spheres.
  • a second light opening is formed on the first annular spherical mirror, and the second light opening and the first light opening have the same dimensions in a plane parallel to the joint surface.
  • the c is the distance between the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the through hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers
  • the R is the first annular spherical surface and the second annular spherical mirror
  • the radius of curvature of, the a is the initial diameter of the initial beam, and the ⁇ max is the maximum angle between the initial beam and the junction surface in a direction perpendicular to the junction surface.
  • the range of the R is 20 mm to 150 mm
  • the range of the c is R/20 to R/50
  • the a is less than or equal to 10 mm
  • the range of the ⁇ max is 0 to 15°.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides another angle adjustment device, including:
  • a light-through hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the light-through hole; a reflection is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror
  • the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times on the inner surface of the first annular spherical mirror, once reflected on the inner surface of the second annular spherical mirror, and reflected once on the reflecting mirror from the
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror or the second toroidal spherical mirror emits from the exit, and the N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the distance between the sphere center of the second annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is the same as the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole
  • the ratio of the distance in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is (N+1).
  • the spherical center of the first annular spherical mirror is closer to the second annular spherical mirror than the center of the light-passing hole, the reflecting mirror faces the direction of the light-passing hole, and the N is an even number
  • the center of the light-passing hole is closer to the second toroidal spherical mirror than the spherical center of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the reflector faces away from the direction of the light-passing hole, then the N is an odd number.
  • the center point of the reflector is located in a plane defined by the center point of the light hole and the center of the two spheres, and the center point of the reflector and the center point of the light hole are perpendicular to the two spheres.
  • the projection distance in the plane of the connecting direction of the center is F
  • the distance between the center point of the reflector and the center of the light hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is 2Nc
  • the c is the The distance between the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, and the F satisfies the following conditions:
  • the R is the radius of curvature of the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror.
  • the distance H 1 between the center of the light hole and the outlet of the first annular spherical mirror, and the distance between the center of the light hole and the joint surface of the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror H 2 , the height H 3 of the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror meets the following conditions:
  • the c is the distance between the center of the first toroidal spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two spherical centers
  • the R is the distance between the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror
  • the range of R is 20 mm to 150 mm
  • the range of c is R/20 to R/100
  • the range of a is less than or equal to 10 mm
  • the range of ⁇ max is 0 to 20°.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a radar, including: an initial beam generating device, an angle adjusting device, an echo beam receiving device, and a data analysis device;
  • the initial beam generating device is used to generate the initial beam
  • the angle adjusting device includes: a first annular spherical mirror and a second annular spherical mirror stacked in sequence, the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface; the first annular A light through hole is formed on the side wall of the spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is incident into the cavity of the first annular spherical mirror through the through light hole; a first light through hole is formed on the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror, After the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times on the inner surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror and exits through the first light opening, where N is An integer greater than 1; use the beam emitted by the angle adjustment device as a test beam;
  • the echo beam receiving device is configured to receive the echo beam formed by the test beam reflected by the object to be detected
  • the data analysis device is used to determine the position of the object to be detected according to the initial beam and the echo beam.
  • the distance between the sphere center of the second annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is the same as the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole
  • the ratio of the distance in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is (N+1).
  • the spherical center of the first annular spherical mirror is closer to the second annular spherical mirror than the center of the light-passing hole, and the light-passing hole and the first light-passing port are located on different sides, then
  • the N is an even number; the center of the light through hole is closer to the second toroidal spherical mirror than the center of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the light through hole and the first light through hole are located on the same side , Then the N is an odd number.
  • the first light opening penetrates the second annular spherical mirror in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, and the second annular spherical mirror forms an arc less than or equal to a semicircle on the joint surface of the two spheres.
  • a second light opening is formed on the first annular spherical mirror, and the second light opening and the first light opening have the same dimensions in a plane parallel to the joint surface.
  • the c is the distance between the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the through hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers
  • the R is the first annular spherical surface and the second annular spherical mirror
  • the radius of curvature of, the a is the initial diameter of the initial beam, and the ⁇ max is the maximum angle between the initial beam and the junction surface in a direction perpendicular to the junction surface.
  • the range of the R is 20 mm to 150 mm
  • the range of the c is R/20 to R/50
  • the a is less than or equal to 10 mm
  • the range of the ⁇ max is 0 to 15°.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides another radar, including: an initial beam generating device, an angle adjusting device, an echo beam receiving device, and a data analysis device;
  • the initial beam generating device is used to generate the initial beam
  • the angle adjusting device includes: a first annular spherical mirror and a second annular spherical mirror stacked in sequence, the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface; the first annular A light hole is formed on the side wall of the spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is incident into the cavity of the first ring spherical mirror through the light hole; a reflector is formed in the cavity of the second ring spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is After the light beam is reflected N-1 times on the inner surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror, and is reflected once on the reflector from the first toroidal spherical mirror or The exit of the second annular spherical mirror is emitted, and the N is an integer greater than 1; the
  • the echo beam receiving device is configured to receive the echo beam formed by the test beam reflected by the object to be detected
  • the data analysis device is used to determine the position of the object to be detected according to the initial beam and the echo beam.
  • the distance between the sphere center of the second annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is the same as the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole
  • the ratio of the distance in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is (N+1).
  • the spherical center of the first annular spherical mirror is closer to the second annular spherical mirror than the center of the light-passing hole, the reflecting mirror faces the direction of the light-passing hole, and the N is an even number
  • the center of the light-passing hole is closer to the second toroidal spherical mirror than the spherical center of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the reflector faces away from the direction of the light-passing hole, then the N is an odd number.
  • the center point of the reflector is located in a plane defined by the center point of the light hole and the center of the two spheres, and the center point of the reflector and the center point of the light hole are perpendicular to the two spheres.
  • the projection distance in the plane of the connecting direction of the center is F
  • the distance between the center point of the reflector and the center of the light hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is 2Nc
  • the c is the The distance between the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, and the F satisfies the following conditions:
  • the R is the radius of curvature of the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror.
  • the distance H 1 between the center of the light hole and the outlet of the first annular spherical mirror, and the distance between the center of the light hole and the joint surface of the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror H 2 , the height H 3 of the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror meets the following conditions:
  • the c is the distance between the center of the first toroidal spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two spherical centers
  • the R is the distance between the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror
  • the range of R is 20 mm to 150 mm
  • the range of c is R/20 to R/100
  • the range of a is less than or equal to 10 mm
  • the range of ⁇ max is 0 to 20°.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a radar and an angle adjusting device.
  • the angle adjusting device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is spherical.
  • a light through hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and a first light through port is formed on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the initial light beam can be incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the through light hole.
  • the inner surface of a toroidal spherical mirror After the inner surface of a toroidal spherical mirror is reflected for N-1 times, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror and exits through the first light-passing port. Since the initial light beam is reflected by the inner surface of the spherical mirror, according to the principle of geometric optics, The field of view of the initial beam is larger than the field of view of the incident initial beam, so the field of view can be expanded, and the angle adjustment device can be applied to the radar to expand the field of view of the radar.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another radar and angle adjustment device.
  • the angle adjustment device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is A spherical surface, a light hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and a reflector is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the initial light beam can be incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the light hole.
  • the inner surface of the spherical mirror After the inner surface of the spherical mirror is reflected N-1 times, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror, and after being reflected once on the reflecting mirror, it emerges from the outlet of the first toroidal spherical mirror or the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the inner surface of the spherical mirror reflects.
  • the field of view of the initial beam is larger than that of the incident initial beam, so the field of view can be expanded.
  • the first ring spherical mirror and the second ring spherical mirror The exit of the laser beam has a less restrictive effect on the field of view range of the outgoing beam, and a larger field of view range can be obtained. Applying the angle adjustment device to the radar can expand the field of view range of the radar.
  • Figures 1-3 respectively show schematic structural diagrams of an angle adjustment device at different angles according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4-6 show schematic structural diagrams of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles during application;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show schematic diagrams of the working principle of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show schematic diagrams of working principles at different angles of another angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a path simulation of an initial light beam in an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 12 shows a structural block diagram of a radar provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 13-15 respectively show schematic structural diagrams of another angle adjustment device at different angles according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 16-18 show schematic structural diagrams of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles during application;
  • FIG. 19, FIG. 20, and FIG. 21 show schematic diagrams of the working principle of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles;
  • FIG. 23, and FIG. 24 show schematic diagrams of the working principle of another angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles;
  • FIG. 25 and FIG. 26 show schematic diagrams of the working principle of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application in terms of beam collimation
  • FIG. 27 shows a schematic diagram of a path simulation of an initial light beam in an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 28 shows a structural block diagram of another radar provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the current radar's field of view is limited.
  • the expansion of the field of view through MEMS scanning has the problems of difficulty in assembly and debugging, and multiple MEMS micromirrors are combined to cover a larger field of view. Scope, it will incur a larger cost.
  • other methods of expanding the field of view also have problems. Therefore, how to use a limited cost to achieve a larger field of view is an important issue in the practical application of radar.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a radar and an angle adjustment device.
  • the angle adjustment device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature and inner
  • the surface is a spherical surface.
  • a light-through hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and a first light-through port is formed on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the initial light beam can enter the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the light-through hole.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror After reflecting N-1 times on the inner surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror and exits through the first light-passing port. Since the initial light beam is reflected by the inner surface of the spherical mirror, according to geometric optics The principle is that the field of view of the initial beam of light emitted is larger than the field of view of the incident initial light beam, so the field of view can be expanded, and the angle adjustment device can be applied to the radar to expand the field of view of the radar.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another radar and angle adjustment device.
  • the angle adjustment device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is A spherical surface, a light hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and a reflector is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the initial light beam can be incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the light hole.
  • the inner surface of the spherical mirror After the inner surface of the spherical mirror is reflected N-1 times, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror, and after being reflected once on the reflecting mirror, it emerges from the outlet of the first toroidal spherical mirror or the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the inner surface of the spherical mirror reflects.
  • the field of view of the initial beam is larger than that of the incident initial beam, so the field of view can be expanded.
  • the first ring spherical mirror and the second ring spherical mirror The exit of the laser beam has a less restrictive effect on the field of view range of the outgoing beam, and a larger field of view range can be obtained. Applying the angle adjustment device to the radar can expand the field of view range of the radar.
  • An angle adjustment device may include a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence. It can be understood that the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror constitute a joint surface, and one side of the joint surface It is a first toroidal spherical mirror, and the other side is a second toroidal spherical mirror. The positional relationship between the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror can be determined according to the placement direction of the device.
  • the first toroidal The spherical mirror can be located below or below the second annular spherical mirror.
  • the first annular spherical mirror can be located on the left or right side, front or rear side, etc. of the second annular spherical mirror.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 the structure diagrams of an angle adjusting device provided in an embodiment of the application at different angles are shown. Among them, FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are respectively a top view, a side view and a front view of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and a second toroidal spherical mirror 200, the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 are sequentially stacked, and a joint surface 1001 is formed between the two.
  • the inner surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors are spherical, with the same radius of curvature, denoted by R.
  • spherical mirror When laminating the first annular spherical mirror 100 and second spherical annular mirror 120, spherical mirror can make two annular spherical center P C1 and P C2 perpendicular to the connection with the engagement surface 1001, a first annular engagement surface 1001 of the spherical mirror 100 and second The radius of the toroidal spherical mirror 200 may be different.
  • the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors can be cylindrical. Based on the fact that the diameters of the two annular spherical mirrors in the horizontal plane can be different, the diameters of the two outer surfaces in the plane parallel to the joint surface can also be inconsistent.
  • the second annular spherical mirror 200 The diameter of the outer surface in a plane parallel to the joint surface may be smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 in a plane parallel to the joint surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the outer surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror is D ; Of course, the diameter of the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors in the plane parallel to the joint surface can also be the same.
  • the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors can also be set to other shapes according to actual conditions, such as prismatic surfaces, irregular curved surfaces, etc.
  • the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors can form a hexahedron, an octahedron, etc., which are not limited here.
  • a light-through hole 101 may be formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100, and the light-through hole 101 is used to make the initial light beam enter the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 through the light-through hole 101, so that the initial light beam can be
  • the cavity of a toroidal spherical mirror 100 undergoes N-1 reflections and enters the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror 120, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the light-passing hole 101 can be a circular hole or a rectangular hole.
  • the light-passing hole can be a light-passing hole that penetrates the side wall of the first annular spherical mirror 100, or a light channel filled with a light-transmitting material, and can also be provided with
  • the light channel of the light-transmitting component is provided with light-transmitting components such as a filter film, for example.
  • a first light opening 201 is formed on the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror 120, and the initial light beam can be emitted from the first light opening 201 after being reflected once in the cavity of the second annular spherical mirror 120.
  • the reflection of the initial beam in the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 conforms to the law of reflection, and the field of view of the outgoing initial beam is larger than that of the incident initial beam.
  • the field of view of the initial beam has been expanded.
  • the field angle range of the initial beam can be expanded (2N+1) times in the x-axis direction, and can also be approximately expanded (2N+1) times in the y-axis direction.
  • the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times in the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and once reflected in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200. If N is an odd number, the initial light beam is reflected N times and then exits. That is to say, even number of exits are reflected. Therefore, the light-passing hole 101 for entering the initial light beam and the first light-passing port 201 for exiting the initial light beam can be arranged on different sides of the device, for example, on the left and right sides of the device, so as to facilitate initial The light beam is emitted from the first light-passing port 201, as shown in Fig.
  • the 201 can be arranged on the same side of the device, for example, both on the left or right side of the device (not shown in the figure), so that the initial light beam can be emitted from the first light opening 201.
  • a first spherical mirror 100 is a second annular ring for example below the spherical mirror 200, a first annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 100 P C1 may be located on the center side of the through aperture 101, with reference to FIG.
  • a first annular spherical mirror 100 is positioned below the second annular spherical mirror 200 as an example, a first annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 100 may be located on The lower side of the center of the light hole 101 (not shown in the figure).
  • the first light opening 201 of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 can penetrate the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, that is, the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 can be a non-closed ring.
  • the second annular spherical mirror 200 can form an arc shape less than or equal to a semicircle.
  • the second annular spherical mirror 200 covers only the left side portion of the first annular spherical mirror 100 and second spherical mirror 200 in the annular section of the left side of the right second annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 200 P C2, and cut P C2 from the center of the sphere can be represented by l.
  • a second light opening 102 may be formed on the first annular spherical mirror 100.
  • the light opening 102 may be formed on the joint surface of the first annular spherical mirror 100, and the shape of the first light passage 201 and the second light passage 102 in the joint surface may be the same. It is understandable that the second light opening 102 does not penetrate the first toroidal spherical mirror 100, but only forms a groove on the joint surface side of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100, which facilitates the emergence of the initial light beam when the exit angle is large.
  • first light opening 201 and the second light opening 102 are used to emit the initial light beam, so the first light opening 201 and the second light opening 102 can also be provided with light-transmitting materials, such as The glass cover, filter film, etc. do not affect the implementation of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the distance between the center of the light hole 101 and the lower edge of the first annular spherical mirror 100 opposite to the joint surface 1001 is H 1
  • the distance between the center of the light hole 101 and the joint surface 1001 is H 2
  • the second annular spherical mirror The height of the side wall of 200 is H 3
  • the height of the side wall of the first annular spherical mirror 100 on the right is H 4 , that is, the depth of the second light opening 102 is (H 1 +H 2 -H 4 )
  • the first annular spherical mirror diameter cylindrical surface of the outer wall 100 is D
  • the first annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 100 is P C1 is located above the center of the through hole 101
  • the light through the central aperture 101 in the y-axis direction distance is c
  • the radius of curvature R of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 can range from 20 mm to 150 mm, and the range of c can generally be R/20 to R/50, c'is greater than c, and the range of D can be It is 2R to 5R, specifically, D can be 2.08R to 2.2R.
  • a light source may be provided at the light-passing hole 101 to generate an initial light beam, which enters the cavity of the first annular spherical mirror 100 from the light-passing hole 101.
  • FIGs 4, 5, and 6, there are schematic structural diagrams of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles during application, where the size of the light source in the x-axis direction is A, and in the y direction The size of is B, and the distance between the light source and the center of the light hole is d. In the embodiment of this application, d can be made much smaller than R. Therefore, it can be considered that the center of the initial beam is at the center of the light hole in the subsequent process analysis.
  • d can be set to be less than or equal to R/10, and the initial diameter of the initial beam emitted by the light source is a. It can be considered that the initial diameter of the initial beam entering the cavity of the first annular spherical mirror 100 is a. Generally speaking, a can be Less than or equal to 10mm.
  • the incident direction is taken as the zero direction.
  • the initial beam incident along the zero direction can be emitted along the zero direction.
  • c' is (N+1)c, and c is much smaller than R.
  • the maximum horizontal angle between the exit direction of the initial beam and the zero direction in the horizontal direction is ⁇ max , and the range of ⁇ max can be 0 to 90°.
  • ⁇ max is 90°, it means It can achieve a field angle close to 180° straight ahead; correspondingly, the maximum horizontal angle between the incident direction of the initial beam and the zero direction is ⁇ max /(2N+1), which is related to the characteristics of the light source, And the distance between the light source and the light hole is related, and it can usually be 0-10°.
  • the light source 300 emits an initial light beam.
  • the maximum vertical angle between the exit direction of the initial light beam and the null direction is ⁇ max , and its range is 0-15°; correspondingly, the initial beam incident
  • the maximum vertical angle between the direction and the zero direction is ⁇ max /(2N+1), and its range is 0 ⁇ 15/(2N+1)°.
  • the angle range between the incident direction of the initial beam and the zero direction in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, is related to the characteristics of the light source and the distance between the light source and the light hole, so that when N is determined, the exit direction of the initial beam is The range of the angle between the horizontal and vertical directions of the zero direction is also determined.
  • the values of H 1 , H 2 , H 3 and H 4 need to be designed . Specifically, the initial diameter of the light beam passing through the light hole 101 is a. Then the values of H 1 , H 2 , H 3 and H 4 are determined by the following formula:
  • N 2 as an example to describe the working principle of the above-mentioned angle adjustment device.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 there are schematic diagrams of the working principle of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the initial light beam is reflected twice in the angle adjustment device, that is, reflected once in the first annular spherical mirror 100.
  • the second ring spherical mirror 200 reflects once, the dashed line direction is the path of the initial beam in the null direction, and the solid arrow indicates the path of the initial beam with the incident angle ⁇ i in the horizontal direction and ⁇ i in the vertical direction.
  • the path of the initial light beam incident along the null direction is indicated by a dotted line, and it still exits along the null direction after reflection.
  • the path of the initial beam with an incident angle of ⁇ i in the horizontal direction is represented by a solid line, and the angle between the reflected beam of two consecutive reflections and the beam before the respective reflection is 2 ⁇ i .
  • the path of the initial beam incident along the zero direction is indicated by a dotted line.
  • the angle between the first reflected reflected light and the incident light is denoted as ⁇ .
  • the first The angle between the reflected light of the secondary reflection and the incident light is also ⁇ , and after two reflections, it still exits along the zero direction.
  • the path of the initial beam with an incident angle ⁇ i in the vertical direction is represented by a solid line.
  • c is much smaller than R
  • the angle between the first reflected reflected light and the incident light is approximately ⁇ +2 ⁇ i .
  • the angle between the reflected light of the first reflection and the zero direction is about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i ; and the reflection of the second reflection
  • the angle between the light and the incident light (that is, the reflected light reflected at the first time) is about ⁇ -2 ⁇ i
  • the angle between the second incident light and the zero direction is about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i
  • the second time The angle between the reflected light and the null direction is 5 ⁇ i , that is, the outgoing field of view angle is expanded by 5 times in the vertical direction relative to the incident field of view angle.
  • FIG. 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of the working principle of another angle adjusting device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the initial light beam is reflected 4 times in the angle adjusting device, that is, 3 times in the first annular spherical mirror 100. It is reflected once in the second toroidal spherical mirror 200.
  • FIG. 9 for a schematic diagram of the deflection in the horizontal direction
  • FIG. 10 for the schematic diagram of the deflection in the vertical direction.
  • the dotted line is the path of the initial beam in the null direction
  • the solid arrow It represents the path of the initial beam with the incident angle in the horizontal direction being ⁇ i and the incident angle in the vertical direction being ⁇ i .
  • the path of the initial beam incident along the null direction is indicated by a dotted line, and it still exits along the null direction after reflection.
  • the path of the initial beam with an incident angle of ⁇ i in the horizontal direction is represented by a solid line, and the angle between the reflected beam of four consecutive reflections and the beam before each reflection is 2 ⁇ i .
  • the fourth time The angle between the reflected initial beam and the incident initial beam is 8 ⁇ i , and the angle between the initially incident outgoing beam and the zero direction is ⁇ i , so the final outgoing beam and the zero direction are The included angle is 9 ⁇ i , that is, the outgoing field of view angle is expanded 9 times in the horizontal direction relative to the incident field of view angle.
  • the path of the initial light beam incident along the zero direction is indicated by a dotted line.
  • the angle between the reflected light and the incident light reflected for the first time is denoted as ⁇ .
  • the first The angle between the reflected light from the second and third reflections and the incident light is also ⁇ , and the angle between the reflected light from the fourth reflection and the incident light is 3 ⁇ , so after 4 reflections, the angle is still Shoot in the direction of the zero position.
  • the path of the initial beam with an incident angle ⁇ i in the vertical direction is represented by a solid line.
  • the angle between the first reflected reflected light and the incident light is approximately ⁇ +2 ⁇ i .
  • the angle between the reflected light reflected at the first time and the direction of the zero position is about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i ; its second and third reflections
  • the angle between the reflected light and the incident light (that is, the reflected light of the first and second reflections) is also about ⁇ +2 ⁇ i , so that the reflected light of the third reflection and the reflected light of the first reflection are sandwiched between
  • the angle is about 2 ⁇ +4 ⁇ i
  • the angle between the first reflected light itself and the zero direction is about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i , therefore, the angle between the third reflected light and the zero direction is about ⁇ +7 ⁇ i , the angle between the reflected light from the
  • FIG. 11 a schematic diagram of a path simulation of an initial light beam in an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the light beam 11 and the light beam 21 are incident light beams located at the boundary in the incident field angle of the initial light beam, The two incident beams form the incident field of view ⁇ .
  • the beam 11 is reflected into the beam 12, and then into the beam 13, the beam 21 is reflected into the beam 22, and then reflected into the beam 23, the beam 13 and the beam 23 are the original beams
  • the outgoing beam located at the boundary in the outgoing field of view angle, the outgoing field of view angle ⁇ 'is formed between the two outgoing beams, the outgoing field of view angle ⁇ 'is greater than the incident field of view ⁇ , usually (2N+1) times of ⁇ , N is greater than 1.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a radar.
  • the radar provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: an initial beam generating device 401, an angle adjusting device 402, and an echo beam receiving device.
  • the initial beam generating device 401 is used to generate the initial beam
  • the angle adjustment device 402 includes: a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence, the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface; A light through hole is formed on the side wall of the toroidal spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the through light hole; a first light through hole is formed on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror After the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times on the inner surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror and exits through the first light-passing port. Be an integer greater than 1; use the beam emitted by the angle adjustment device as a test beam;
  • the echo beam receiving device 403 is configured to receive the echo beam formed by the test beam reflected by the object to be detected;
  • the data analysis device 404 is configured to determine the position of the object to be detected according to the initial beam and the echo beam.
  • the distance between the sphere center of the second annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is the same as the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole
  • the ratio of the distance in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is (N+1).
  • the spherical center of the first annular spherical mirror is closer to the second annular spherical mirror than the center of the light-passing hole, and the light-passing hole and the first light-passing port are located on different sides, then
  • the N is an even number; the center of the light through hole is closer to the second toroidal spherical mirror than the center of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the light through hole and the first light through hole are located on the same side , Then the N is an odd number.
  • the first light opening penetrates the second annular spherical mirror in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, and the second annular spherical mirror forms an arc less than or equal to a semicircle on the joint surface of the two spheres.
  • a second light opening is formed on the first annular spherical mirror, and the second light opening and the first light opening have the same dimensions in a plane parallel to the joint surface.
  • the c is the distance between the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the through hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers
  • the R is the first annular spherical surface and the second annular spherical mirror
  • the radius of curvature of, the a is the initial diameter of the initial beam, and the ⁇ max is the maximum angle between the initial beam and the junction surface in a direction perpendicular to the junction surface.
  • the range of the R is 20 mm to 150 mm
  • the range of the c is R/20 to R/50
  • the a is less than or equal to 10 mm
  • the range of the ⁇ max is 0 to 15°.
  • the angle adjustment device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface.
  • a light through hole is formed on the side wall of the toroidal spherical mirror, and a first light through port is formed on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror. The initial light beam can be incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the through light hole.
  • the inner surface of the spherical mirror After the inner surface of the spherical mirror is reflected for N-1 times, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second annular spherical mirror and exits through the first light opening. Since the initial light beam is reflected by the inner surface of the spherical mirror, the initial light beam is emitted according to the principle of geometric optics
  • the field of view angle range of the incident light beam is larger than that of the initial incident beam, so the field of view angle range can be expanded, and the angle adjustment device can be applied to the radar to expand the field of view angle range of the radar.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another angle adjusting device, which may include a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror constitute a joint surface.
  • One side is the first annular spherical mirror
  • the other side is the second annular spherical mirror.
  • the relative positional relationship between the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror can be determined according to the placement direction of the device. For example, when the device is placed vertically, the first The toroidal spherical mirror can be located below or below the second toroidal spherical mirror. When the device is placed horizontally, the first toroidal spherical mirror can be located on the left or right side, front or back side, etc. of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • FIG. 13, FIG. 14, and FIG. 15 the structure diagrams of an angle adjusting device provided by an embodiment of the application at different angles are shown. Among them, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, and FIG. 15 are respectively a top view, a side view and a front view of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and a second toroidal spherical mirror 200, the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 are sequentially stacked, and a joint surface 1001 is formed between the two.
  • the inner surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors are spherical, with the same radius of curvature, denoted by R.
  • spherical mirror When laminating the first annular spherical mirror 100 and second spherical annular mirror 120, spherical mirror can make two annular spherical center P C1 and P C2 perpendicular to the connection with the engagement surface 1001, a first annular engagement surface 1001 of the spherical mirror 100 and second
  • the radius of the annular spherical mirror 200 may be the same or different, as shown in FIG. 14.
  • the joint surface 1001 is a plane used to define the interface between the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200, so it can be the joint of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200
  • the virtual plane formed at the location may also be a joining plane formed with a light-transmitting plane structure.
  • the other surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 opposite to the joining surface 1001 is used as the exit of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100.
  • a light-transmitting plane structure may be formed on this surface to form a closed structure, or the open structure may be maintained without other settings.
  • the other surface of the second annular spherical mirror 200 opposite to the joint surface 1001 serves as the exit of the second annular spherical mirror 200.
  • a light-transmitting plane structure may be formed on this surface to form a closed structure, or an open structure may be maintained without additional provision. That is to say, the angle adjustment device provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a hollow structure with closed ends, or a through opening structure.
  • the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors can be cylindrical. Based on the fact that the diameters of the two annular spherical mirrors in the horizontal plane can be different, the diameters of the two outer surfaces in the plane parallel to the joint surface can also be inconsistent.
  • the second annular spherical mirror 200 The diameter of the outer surface in a plane parallel to the joint surface may be smaller than the diameter of the outer surface of the first annular spherical mirror 100 in a plane parallel to the joint surface.
  • the diameter of the outer surface of the first annular spherical mirror is D ;
  • the diameter of the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors in a plane parallel to the joint surface can also be the same.
  • the outer surfaces of the two annular spherical mirrors can also be set to other shapes according to actual conditions, such as prismatic surfaces, irregular curved surfaces, etc.
  • a light-through hole 101 may be formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100, and the light-through hole 101 is used to make the initial light beam enter the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 through the light-through hole 101, so that the initial light beam can be After performing N-1 reflections on the sidewall of a toroidal spherical mirror 100, it enters into the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror 120, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the light-passing hole 101 can be a circular hole or a rectangular hole.
  • the light-passing hole 101 can be a light-passing hole that penetrates the sidewall of the first annular spherical mirror 100, or can be formed on the sidewall of the first annular spherical mirror 100
  • the light channel filled with light-transmitting material may also be formed on the side wall of the first annular spherical mirror 100 and provided with light-transmitting components, such as light-transmitting components such as filter films.
  • a reflector 202 is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200.
  • the reflector 202 can be a flat reflector or a convex reflector with a field angle of a diffused beam.
  • the embodiment of the present application takes a flat reflector as an example for detailed description .
  • the first plane parallel to the joint surface 1001 is formed through the center of the light-passing hole 101, and the line between the two sphere centers is connected to the first plane.
  • the intersection of the planes is taken as the origin of coordinates
  • the line connecting the centers of the two spheres is taken as the y axis
  • the line between the center of the light hole 101 and the origin is taken as the z axis
  • the direction perpendicular to the z axis in the first plane is taken as the x axis.
  • the incident zero direction of the initial light beam can be the positive z-axis direction
  • the exit zero direction of the initial light beam can be the positive y-axis direction or the negative y-axis direction.
  • the reflection of the initial beam in the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 conforms to the law of reflection, and the field of view of the outgoing initial beam is larger than that of the incident initial beam.
  • the field of view of the initial beam has been expanded.
  • the field angle range of the outgoing beam can be expanded by (2N+1) times in the x-axis direction, and the field angle of the outgoing beam in the z-axis direction corresponds to the field angle of the incident beam in the y-axis direction. Approximately expand (2N+1) times.
  • the exit diameters of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 are relatively large, and the limiting effect on the field of view of the outgoing beam is small, so the maximum field of view that can be obtained is also relatively large.
  • the light beam reflected by the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 obtains an outgoing beam after being reflected by the reflector 202.
  • the plane of the reflective mirror 202 and the light beam reflected by the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 It is perpendicular to the bisector of the angle of the outgoing beam. Therefore, in order to enable the light reflected by the reflector 202 to emerge from the exit of the first annular spherical mirror 100 or the exit of the second annular spherical mirror 200, the position and direction of the reflector 202 can be Adjust according to the position of the light hole 101, the number of initial beam reflections and the exit position.
  • the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times on the side wall of the first annular spherical mirror 100, and once reflected on the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror 200. If N is an odd number, the initial beam will be reflected N times on the side wall and then exit, that is, even number of times will be reflected. Therefore, in order to allow the reflected light to exit, the reflector 202 can face the direction of the light-passing hole 101 and the exit direction, for example The light-passing hole 101 is located at the lower left of the reflector 202, and the exit direction is under the reflector. The reflector 202 can be directed to the lower left.
  • the light beam reflected by the reflector 202 exits from the exit of the second annular spherical mirror 200 located below. Refer to FIG. 15; of course, if the exit direction is above the reflector, the reflector 202 can be directed to the upper left (not shown). If N is an even number, the initial beam is reflected on the side wall for an odd number of exits. Therefore, in order to allow the reflected light to exit, the reflector 202 can face the direction of the light-passing hole and toward the exiting direction. For example, the light-passing hole is located on the reflector 202.
  • the exit direction is below the reflector, the reflector 202 can be directed to the lower right, and the light beam reflected by the reflector 202 exits from the exit of the second annular spherical mirror 200 located below; of course, if the exit direction is at the reflector 202 Above, the mirror 202 can face the upper right.
  • the position of the reflector 202 can be determined according to the converging position of the light beam in the cavity. If the reflector 202 is set at the convergence point of the initial light beam in different directions, a smaller-sized reflector 202 can be used to reflect the initial light beam.
  • the shape of the mirror 202 may be a rectangle.
  • the length of one side of the mirror 202 in the x-axis direction is represented by w, and the length of the other side is represented by v, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • the setting position of the reflector 202 is in the relatively central area of the second annular spherical mirror 200, so that the light beam reflected by the reflector 202 is less restricted by the inner wall of the first annular spherical mirror 100 or the second annular spherical mirror 200, specifically Yes, the x-axis coordinate of the center point of the mirror 202 can be zero, that is, the mirror 202 is above the incident zero line, as shown in FIG. 14.
  • an opening may also be formed on the second annular spherical mirror, and the opening may penetrate the second annular spherical mirror 200 in the y-axis direction. That is, the second annular spherical mirror 200 may be a non-closed ring.
  • the formation position of the opening can be determined according to the position where the reflector 202 is arranged, usually on the back side of the reflector.
  • the second annular spherical mirror 200 can be formed on the front side of the reflector to form an arc shape less than or equal to a semicircle. As shown in FIG.
  • the reflector 202 can face to the lower left, and the center point of the reflector 202 is connected to
  • the distance between the center of the light hole 101 on the z-axis can be expressed by F, that is, the projection distance between the center point of the reflector and the center point of the light-passing hole in the plane perpendicular to the connecting direction of the two sphere centers is F
  • the second annular spherical mirror 200 covers only the left side portion of the first annular spherical mirror 100 and second spherical mirror 200 in the annular section of the left side of the right second annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 200 is P C2, P C2 from the center is cut can be used l Said.
  • the reflector 202 is located in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200.
  • the reflector 202 can be located on the left side of the cut surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200. side.
  • a plane structure of light-transmitting material or opaque material can be provided at the cut surface of the second annular spherical mirror 200 to fix the reflector 202.
  • the reflector 202 can also be fixed in other ways, which is not limited here.
  • a first spherical mirror 100 is a second annular ring for example below the spherical mirror 200, a first annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 100 P C1 may be located on the center side of the light passing hole 101, with reference to FIG.
  • a first annular spherical mirror 100 is positioned below the second annular spherical mirror 200 as an example, a first annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 100 may be located on The lower side of the center of the light hole 101 (not shown in the figure).
  • the distance between the center of the light hole 101 and the exit of the first annular spherical mirror 100 is H 1
  • the distance between the center of the light hole 101 and the joint surface 1001 is H 2
  • the height of the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror 200 diameter H 3 the cylindrical outer wall surface of the first annular spherical mirror 100 is D
  • the first annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 100 is P C1 is located above the center of the through hole 101
  • the light through the central aperture 101 in the y-axis direction is c
  • the second annular spherical center of the spherical mirror 200 is P C2 is positioned above the center of the light passing hole 101 through the aperture 101 and the center in the y-axis direction is c '.
  • the radius of curvature R of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 and the second toroidal spherical mirror 200 can range from 20mm to 150mm, the range of c can generally be R/20 ⁇ R/100, c'is greater than c, and the range of D can be It is 2R to 5R, specifically, D can be 2.08R to 2.2R, the side length w of the mirror can be greater than or equal to 10 mm, and the side length v can be greater than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the initial beams of different incident angles converge at the coordinates (0, 2Nc, F), and the center point of the mirror can be set at the converging point.
  • a light source may be provided at the light-passing hole 101 to generate an initial light beam, which enters the cavity of the first annular spherical mirror 100 from the light-passing hole 101.
  • FIG. 16, FIG. 17, and FIG. 18, there are schematic diagrams of the structure of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application at different angles during the application process, wherein the size of the light source in the x-axis direction is A, and in the y direction The size of is B, and the distance between the light source and the center of the light hole is d. In the embodiment of this application, d can be made much smaller than R. Therefore, it can be considered that the center of the initial beam is at the center of the light hole in the subsequent process analysis.
  • d can be set to be less than or equal to R/10, and the initial diameter of the initial beam emitted by the light source is a. It can be considered that the initial diameter of the initial beam entering the cavity of the first annular spherical mirror 100 is a, and a can be less than or equal to 10mm .
  • the incident direction is taken as the incident zero direction.
  • the initial light beam incident along the incident zero direction can be emitted along the exit zero direction.
  • the exit zero direction is the vertical upward or vertical downward direction.
  • c'can be (N+1)c, and c is much smaller than R.
  • the light source 300 emits the initial beam, and the exit direction of the initial beam is
  • the angle between the zero direction (the negative y-axis or the positive y-axis) in the x-axis direction is (2N+1) ⁇ , which can be recorded as the x-axis exit field of view angle.
  • the maximum value of the x-axis exit field of view angle can be recorded as ⁇ max , and the range of ⁇ max can be 0 ⁇ 90°.
  • ⁇ max When ⁇ max is 90°, it means that the x-axis direction can be close to 180 ° angle of view.
  • the maximum included angle between the incident direction of the initial beam and the incident zero direction (positive z-axis) in the x-axis direction is ⁇ max /(2N+1), and this angle range is related to the characteristics of the light source, and the light source and The distance of the light hole is related, and it can usually be 0-10°.
  • the maximum value of the z-axis exit field of view angle is recorded as ⁇ max , and its range is 0-20°; correspondingly, the maximum angle between the initial beam's incident direction and the incident zero direction in the y-axis direction is ⁇ max /(2N+1), its range is 0 ⁇ 20/(2N+1)°.
  • the angle range between the incident direction of the initial beam and the incident zero direction in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, is related to the characteristics of the light source and the distance between the light source and the light hole, so that when N is determined, the exit direction of the initial light beam
  • the range of the included angle with the incident zero direction in the horizontal and vertical directions is also determined accordingly.
  • H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , l, A and B The value of needs to be designed. Specifically, the initial diameter of the light beam passing through the light hole 101 is a. Then the values of H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , l, A and B are determined by the following formula:
  • N 2 as an example to describe the working principle of the above-mentioned angle adjustment device.
  • FIGs 19, 20 and 21 there are schematic diagrams of the working principle of an angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of this application, in which the reflector 202 faces the lower left and the angle with the horizontal is 45°, and the initial beam Reflect twice on the side wall of the angle adjusting device, namely once on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100, once on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200, and then on the reflecting mirror 202 for 1 time
  • Figure 19 and Figure 20 for the horizontal deflection schematic diagram
  • Figure 21 for the vertical deflection schematic diagram.
  • the dotted arrow indicates the path of the first initial beam whose incident direction is the incident zero direction
  • the solid arrow It represents the path of the second initial light beam with the incident angle in the horizontal direction (x-axis direction) being ⁇ i and the incident angle in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) being ⁇ i .
  • the path of the first initial beam incident along the incident zero direction is indicated by a dashed line. After being reflected by the side wall and the mirror, it is reflected and then emitted.
  • the incident zero direction can be horizontal to the right (that is, the positive direction of the z-axis), and the exit zero direction can be the vertical downward (that is, the negative direction of the y-axis).
  • the path of the second initial beam with an incident angle of ⁇ i in the horizontal direction is represented by a solid line.
  • the second The angle between the reflected second initial beam and the incident second initial beam is 4 ⁇ i
  • the angle between the initially incident second initial beam and the incident zero direction is ⁇ i
  • the second The angle between the reflected second initial beam and the incident zero direction is 5 ⁇ i , as shown in FIG. 19. That is to say, the angle between the first initial beam incident on the mirror and the second initial beam is 5 ⁇ i , so the angle between the second initial beam reflected by the mirror and the exit zero direction is also 5 ⁇ i , as shown in Fig. 20, that is, the outgoing field of view is expanded by 5 times in the x-axis direction relative to the incident field of view.
  • the path of the first initial beam incident along the incident zero direction (the positive z-axis direction) is represented by a dotted line, and the first reflected light is sandwiched between the reflected light before the reflection The angle is denoted as ⁇ .
  • the angle between the reflected light reflected by the second reflection and the beam before reflection is also ⁇ , and the first initial beam after the second side wall reflection is along the incident zero direction , After being reflected by a mirror once, it exits from the exit zero direction (the negative direction of the y-axis).
  • the path of the third initial beam with an incident angle of ⁇ i in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) is represented by a solid line.
  • the first reflected reflected light and the beam before reflection are sandwiched The angle is approximately ⁇ +2 ⁇ i .
  • the angle between the first reflected light and the incident zero direction is about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i ; and the second reflection
  • the angle between the reflected light and the incident light (that is, the reflected light reflected the first time) is about ⁇ -2 ⁇ i
  • the second incident light has an angle of about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i with the incident zero direction, then The angle between the second reflected light and the incident zero direction is 5 ⁇ i .
  • the angle between the first initial beam incident on the mirror and the third initial beam on the y axis is 5 ⁇ i
  • the third initial beam reflected by the mirror is between z
  • the included angle on the axis is also 5 ⁇ i , as shown in Fig. 21, that is, the outgoing field angle on the z-axis is expanded by 5 times relative to the incident field angle on the y-axis.
  • FIG. 22, FIG. 23, and FIG. 24 are schematic diagrams of the working principle of another angle adjustment device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the reflector 202 faces the lower left and the angle with the horizontal direction is 45°, and the initial beam Reflect 4 times on the side wall of the angle adjusting device, that is, 3 times on the side wall of the first annular spherical mirror 100, 1 time on the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror 200, and then 1 time on the mirror 202 Second, refer to Figure 22 and Figure 23 for the horizontal deflection diagram, refer to Figure 24 for the vertical deflection diagram, the dotted arrow indicates the path of the fourth initial beam whose incident direction is the incident zero direction, and the solid arrow It represents the path of the fifth initial light beam with the incident angle in the horizontal direction (x-axis direction) being ⁇ i and the incident angle in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) being ⁇ i .
  • the path of the fourth initial beam incident along the incident zero direction is indicated by a dashed line. After being reflected by the side wall and the mirror, it is reflected and then exited. As the exit zero direction, the incident zero direction can be horizontal to the right (that is, the positive direction of the z-axis), and the exit zero direction can be the vertical downward (that is, the negative direction of the y-axis).
  • the path of the fifth initial beam with an incident angle of ⁇ i in the horizontal direction is represented by a solid line.
  • the angle between the fifth initial beam after the fourth reflection and the first incident fifth initial beam is 8 ⁇ i
  • the angle between the first incident fifth outgoing beam and the incident zero direction is ⁇ i
  • the angle between the fifth initial beam after the fourth reflection and the incident zero direction is 9 ⁇ i , as shown in FIG. 22. That is to say, the angle between the fourth initial beam incident on the mirror and the fifth initial beam is 9 ⁇ i
  • the angle between the fifth initial beam reflected by the mirror and the exit zero direction is also 9 ⁇ i , as shown in Fig. 23, that is, the outgoing field of view is enlarged by 9 times in the x-axis direction relative to the incident field of view.
  • the path of the fourth initial beam incident along the incident zero direction (the positive z-axis direction) is represented by a dotted line.
  • the first reflected reflected light is sandwiched between the reflected light before the reflection.
  • the angle is denoted as ⁇ .
  • the angle between the reflected light from the second and third reflections and the beam before reflection is also ⁇ , and the angle between the reflected light from the fourth reflection and the beam before reflection
  • the angle is 3 ⁇ , so after four sidewall reflections, the direction of the fourth initial beam is along the incident zero direction, and after being reflected by the mirror once, it exits from the exit zero direction (y-axis negative direction).
  • the path of the sixth initial beam with an incident angle of ⁇ i in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) is represented by a solid line.
  • c is much smaller than R, the first reflected reflected light and the beam before reflection are sandwiched
  • the angle is approximately ⁇ +2 ⁇ i .
  • the angle between the first reflected reflected light and the incident zero direction is about ⁇ +3 ⁇ i ; the second and third The angle between the reflected light of the second reflection and the incident light (that is, the reflected light of the first and second reflections) is also about ⁇ +2 ⁇ i , so that the reflected light of the third reflection and the reflected light of the first reflection are between angle about 2 ⁇ + 4 ⁇ i, while the light of the first order reflection angle between itself and the incident direction is approximately zero ⁇ + 3 ⁇ i, therefore, the third reflected light and the incident reflected null direction
  • the included angle is about ⁇ +7 ⁇ i
  • the angle between the reflected light reflected by the 4th time and the incident light is about 3 ⁇ -2 ⁇ i
  • the third reflected light and incident zero The angle between the position direction is about 3 ⁇ +7 ⁇ i , so the angle between the angle between the
  • the angle between the fourth initial beam incident on the mirror and the sixth initial beam on the y axis is 9 ⁇ i , so the sixth initial beam reflected by the mirror is between z
  • the included angle on the axis is also 9 ⁇ i , as shown in Fig. 24, that is, the outgoing field of view on the z-axis is enlarged by 9 times relative to the incident on the y-axis.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another angle adjusting device.
  • the angle adjusting device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface,
  • a light through hole is formed on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and a reflector is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror.
  • the initial light beam can be incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the through light hole.
  • the inner surface After the inner surface is reflected N-1 times, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second annular spherical mirror, and after being reflected once on the reflecting mirror, it exits from the outlet of the first annular spherical mirror or the second annular spherical mirror.
  • Internal surface reflection according to the principle of geometric optics, the field of view of the initial beam of light emitted is larger than the field of view of the incident initial beam, so the field of view can be expanded, and the field of view with equal magnification can be obtained.
  • the system flux ratio is basically uniform in the central field of view and the peripheral field of view, and the off-axis angle of each spherical reflection is small.
  • the entire optical process can be regarded as in the paraxial region with small aberrations.
  • the first annular spherical mirror and The exit of the second annular spherical mirror has less restrictive effect on the field of view of the outgoing beam, and a larger field of view can be obtained.
  • the incident beam and the outgoing beam are substantially perpendicular to each other through the reflector, which avoids the difference between the beams.
  • Mutual interference effect applying the angle adjustment device to the radar, can expand the radar's field of view range.
  • a focusing lens can be set at the light-passing hole, so that the initial beam will be focused to (2N+1) ⁇ R/(2N) from the center of the light-passing hole after passing through the light-passing hole, and then on the first annular spherical mirror After 100 reflections on the side walls of different heights (N-1) times, it is incident on the side walls of the second annular spherical mirror 200 and reflected to obtain a collimated beam with a diameter of a/(2N+1), which is reflected on the mirror , It is emitted from the exit of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 or the second toroidal spherical mirror 200, so the finally emitted beam is a collimated beam with a diameter of a/(2N+1), that is, the angle adjustment provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • the device expands the field of view without significantly affecting the collimation of the initial beam, and even greatly reduces the exit spot diameter of the initial beam.
  • the following takes the initial beam incident along the incident zero direction as an example to describe the focusing and divergence process of the beam in the angle adjusting device.
  • the mirror 202 faces the lower left and the angle with the horizontal direction is 45°.
  • the initial beam is along the incident zero position.
  • Direction (horizontal to the right) incident reflected once on the side wall of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100, reflected once on the side wall of the second toroidal spherical mirror 200, and then reflected once on the mirror 202, from the exit zero position
  • Direction vertical downward
  • the initial diameter of the initial beam emitted by the light source is a, it can be considered that the initial diameter of the initial beam of the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 is a.
  • a focusing lens can be set at the light-passing hole to make the initial beam first focus at a distance.
  • the object distance of the second reflection is about R/2, so the final converging point of the initial beam after the second reflection is at infinity, that is, the initial beam is approximately collimated and the diameter is compressed to the incident
  • the reflection of the plane mirror will not change the focusing/divergence of the initial beam.
  • the diameter of the initial beam finally emitted is 1/5 of the diameter at the time of incidence.
  • the initial diameter of the initial beam emitted by the light source is a, it can be considered that the initial diameter of the initial beam of the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror 100 is a.
  • a focusing lens can be set at the light-passing hole to make the initial beam first focus at a distance.
  • the object distance of the second reflection is about 5R/6, so the convergent position of the beam after the second reflection is 5R/4; in the third reflection, the beam first converges at the distance
  • the second reflection point is about 5R/4, which is about 3R/4 away from the second reflection point.
  • the object distance of the third reflection is about 3R/4, so the convergent point position of the beam after the third reflection is 3R/2; in the fourth reflection, the beam first converges at the distance from the second reflection point At about 5R/4, that is, about 3R/2 away from the second reflection point.
  • the reflection of the plane mirror will not change the focusing/divergence of the initial beam, that is, the final initial beam
  • the diameter of is 1/9 of the incident time.
  • the general formula for the distance between the focal point and the reflection point of the i-th reflection is:
  • the reflector can be installed at the last convergent position of the beams incident at various angles. Therefore, when d is much smaller than R, F satisfies the following formula:
  • FIG. 27 a schematic diagram of the path simulation of the initial light beam in the angle adjusting device provided by this embodiment of the application, where N is 2, the initial light beam enters the angle adjusting device from the light hole and passes through the angle adjusting device
  • the side wall and the reflector in the middle reflect from below, and the outgoing field of view is 5 times the incident field of view.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a radar.
  • another radar provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: an initial beam generating device 501, an angle adjusting device 502, and an echo beam Receiving device 503 and data analysis device 504;
  • the initial light beam generating device 501 is used to generate an initial light beam
  • the angle adjusting device 502 includes: a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence, the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface;
  • a light through hole is formed on the side wall of the toroidal spherical mirror, and the initial light beam is incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the through light hole;
  • a reflector is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror, and After the initial light beam is reflected N-1 times on the inner surface of the first toroidal spherical mirror, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror, and is reflected once on the reflector from the first toroidal spherical mirror. Or it is emitted from the exit of the second annular spherical mirror
  • the echo beam receiving device 503 is configured to receive the echo beam formed by the test beam reflected by the object to be detected;
  • the data analysis device 504 is configured to determine the position of the object to be detected according to the initial beam and the echo beam.
  • the distance between the sphere center of the second annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is the same as the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole
  • the ratio of the distance in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is (N+1).
  • the spherical center of the first annular spherical mirror is closer to the second annular spherical mirror than the center of the light-passing hole, the reflecting mirror faces the direction of the light-passing hole, and the N is an even number
  • the center of the light-passing hole is closer to the second toroidal spherical mirror than the spherical center of the first toroidal spherical mirror, and the reflector faces away from the direction of the light-passing hole, then the N is an odd number.
  • the center point of the reflector is located in a plane defined by the center point of the light hole and the center of the two spheres, and the center point of the reflector and the center point of the light hole are perpendicular to the two spheres.
  • the projection distance in the plane of the connecting direction of the center is F
  • the distance between the center point of the reflector and the center of the light hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers is 2Nc
  • the c is the The distance between the sphere center of the first annular spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two sphere centers, and the F satisfies the following conditions:
  • the R is the radius of curvature of the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror.
  • the distance H 1 between the center of the light hole and the outlet of the first annular spherical mirror, and the distance between the center of the light hole and the joint surface of the first annular spherical mirror and the second annular spherical mirror H 2 , the height H 3 of the side wall of the second annular spherical mirror meets the following conditions:
  • the c is the distance between the center of the first toroidal spherical mirror and the center of the light-passing hole in the direction connecting the two spherical centers
  • the R is the distance between the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror
  • the range of R is 20 mm to 150 mm
  • the range of c is R/20 to R/100
  • the range of a is less than or equal to 10 mm
  • the range of ⁇ max is 0 to 20°.
  • the angle adjusting device includes a first toroidal spherical mirror and a second toroidal spherical mirror stacked in sequence.
  • the first toroidal spherical mirror and the second toroidal spherical mirror have the same radius of curvature, and the inner surface is a spherical surface.
  • a light-through hole is formed on the side wall of a toroidal spherical mirror, and a reflector is formed in the cavity of the second toroidal spherical mirror. The initial light beam can be incident into the cavity of the first toroidal spherical mirror through the light-through hole.
  • the surface After the surface is reflected N-1 times, it is reflected once on the inner surface of the second toroidal spherical mirror, and after being reflected once on the reflector, it exits from the exit of the first toroidal spherical mirror or the second toroidal spherical mirror, because the initial beam passes through the inner surface of the spherical mirror.
  • Surface reflection according to the principle of geometric optics, the field of view of the initial beam is larger than the field of view of the incident initial beam, so the field of view can be expanded.
  • the exit of the first ring spherical mirror and the second ring spherical mirror The restrictive effect on the field of view angle range of the outgoing beam is small, and a larger field of view angle range can be obtained. Applying the angle adjustment device to the radar can expand the field of view angle range of the radar.

Abstract

一种雷达和角度调整装置,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜(100)和第二环形球面镜(200),第一环形球面镜(100)和第二环形球面镜(200)的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜(100)的侧壁上形成有通光孔(101),第二环形球面镜(200)的侧壁上形成有第一通光口(201),初始光束可以通过通光孔(101)入射到第一环形球面镜(100)的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜(100)的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜(200)的内表面上反射一次,经过第一通光口(201)出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。

Description

一种雷达和角度调整装置
本申请要求于2019年09月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910900956.X、发明创造名称为“一种雷达和角度调整装置”以及于2019年05月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910403114.3、发明创造名称为“一种雷达和角度调整装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及光学领域,特别涉及一种雷达和角度调整装置。
背景技术
雷达是用来测距的设备,具体的,雷达发射的初始信号经物体反射形成回波信号,将回波信号与初始信号进行比较,从而获得被测物体距离的精确信息。其中,初始信号可以是激光信号,激光具有束散角小、能量集中、指向性好、重频高等优点,使得激光雷达可以实现对被测物体的远距离、高精度测量。目前,激光雷达在航空航天、遥感探测、测量和智能驾驶等领域都有广泛的应用。
通常情况下,雷达的视场范围有限。传统的雷达可以使用微机电系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System,MEMS)扫描的方式扩大视场角,利用MEMS微镜可以完成垂直扫描,通过旋转机身完成水平扫描,这样存在装配、调试难度大的问题,若利用多个MEMS微镜联立以覆盖较大的视场范围,则产生较大的成本,且视场之间的拼接较为麻烦。
传统的扩大视场角的方式有两种,第一种,通过旋转棱镜法扩大视场角,即初始光束经过一个一直旋转的反射棱镜被反射到各个视场角,该方法可以实现120°视场角扫描,但是棱镜所需的驱动电路较大,棱镜器件的宏观转动,导致系统稳定性和可靠性较差;第二种,利用普通物镜和鱼眼镜头,实现放大后极限150~160°的扫描,然而扫描放大倍率从中心视场到边缘视场变化具有显著的非线性特征,通光比也具有很大的差异,同时鱼眼镜头属于大像差系统,因此边缘视场角的像差非常显著,使得边缘视场的发散角较大。
因此上述扩大视场角的方式均不适合用于雷达中,如何以较低的成本,实现较大的视场角,是雷达在实际应用中的一个重要问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种雷达和角度调整装置,用于扩大视场角。
为实现上述目的,本发明有如下技术方案:
本申请实施例提供了一种角度调整装置,包括:
依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;
所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第 一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并经所述第一通光口出射,所述N为大于1的整数。
可选的,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
可选的,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于不同侧,则所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于相同侧,则所述N为奇数。
可选的,所述第一通光口在两球心连线方向上贯穿所述第二环形球面镜,所述第二环形球面镜在两球的接合面上构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧。
可选的,所述第一环形球面反射镜上形成有第二通光口,所述第二通光口和所述第一通光口在平行于所述接合面的平面内的尺度一致。
可选的,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜与所述接合面相对的边缘的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,所述第一环形球面镜在所述第二通光口处的侧壁高度H 4,满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000004
所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面经和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
可选的,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/50,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~15°。
本申请实施例提供了另一种角度调整装置,包括:
依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;
所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的腔体中形成有反射镜,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在所述反射镜上反射一次后从所述第一环形球面镜或所述第二环形球面镜的出口处出射, 所述N为大于1的整数。
可选的,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
可选的,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜朝向所述通光孔所在方向,所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜背向所述通光孔所在方向,则所述N为奇数。
可选的,所述反射镜的中心点位于所述通光孔的中心点与两球心确定的平面中,且所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在垂直两球心连线方向的平面内的投影距离为F,所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在所述两球心连线方向上的距离为2Nc,所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述F满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000005
所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径。
可选的,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜的出口的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000008
所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
可选的,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/100,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~20°。
本申请实施例提供了一种雷达,包括:初始光束产生装置、角度调整装置、回波光束接收装置和数据分析装置;
所述初始光束产生装置,用于产生初始光束;
所述角度调整装置,包括:依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的 内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并经所述第一通光口出射,所述N为大于1的整数;将所述角度调整装置出射的光束作为测试光束;
所述回波光束接收装置,用于接收所述测试光束经待检测物体反射形成的回波光束;
所述数据分析装置,用于根据所述初始光束和所述回波光束确定所述待检测物体的位置。
可选的,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
可选的,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于不同侧,则所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于相同侧,则所述N为奇数。
可选的,所述第一通光口在两球心连线方向上贯穿所述第二环形球面镜,所述第二环形球面镜在两球的接合面上构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧。
可选的,所述第一环形球面反射镜上形成有第二通光口,所述第二通光口和所述第一通光口在平行于所述接合面的平面内的尺度一致。
可选的,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜与所述接合面相对的边缘的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,所述第一环形球面镜在所述第二通光口处的侧壁高度H 4,满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000012
所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面经和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
可选的,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/50,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~15°。
本申请实施例提供了另一种雷达,包括:初始光束产生装置、角度调整装置、回波光束接收装置和数据分析装置;
所述初始光束产生装置,用于产生初始光束;
所述角度调整装置,包括:依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;所述第一环形球面 镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的腔体中形成有反射镜,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在所述反射镜上反射一次后从所述第一环形球面镜或所述第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,所述N为大于1的整数;将所述角度调整装置出射的光束作为测试光束;
所述回波光束接收装置,用于接收所述测试光束经待检测物体反射形成的回波光束;
所述数据分析装置,用于根据所述初始光束和所述回波光束确定所述待检测物体的位置。
可选的,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
可选的,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜朝向所述通光孔所在方向,所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜背向所述通光孔所在方向,则所述N为奇数。
可选的,所述反射镜的中心点位于所述通光孔的中心点与两球心确定的平面中,且所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在垂直两球心连线方向的平面内的投影距离为F,所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在所述两球心连线方向上的距离为2Nc,所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述F满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000013
所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径。
可选的,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜的出口的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000016
所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
可选的,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/100,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~20°。
本发明实施例提供了一种雷达和角度调整装置,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,经过第一通光口出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
本发明实施例提供了另一种雷达和角度调整装置,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的腔体内形成有反射镜,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在反射镜上反射一次后从第一环形球面镜或第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,而第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的出口处对出射光束的视场角范围的约束作用较小,能够得到较大的视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1-3分别示出了本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在不同角度上的结构示意图;
图4-6示出了本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在应用过程中不同角度上的结构示意图;
图7和图8示出了本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置不同角度上的工作原理示意图;
图9和图10示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种角度调整装置不同角度上的工作原理示意图;
图11示出了本申请实施例提供的一种初始光束在角度调整装置中的路径仿真示意图;
图12示出了本申请实施例提供的一种雷达的结构框图;
图13-15分别示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种角度调整装置在不同角度上的结构示意图;
图16-18示出了本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在应用过程中不同角度上的结构示意图;
图19、图20和图21示出了本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置不同角度上的工作原理示意图;
图22、图23和图24示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种角度调整装置不同角度上的工作原理示意图;
图25和图26示出了本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在光束准直方面的工作原理示意图;
图27示出了本申请实施例提供的一种初始光束在角度调整装置中的路径仿真示意图;
图28示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种雷达的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其它不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,本发明结合示意图进行详细描述,在详述本发明实施例时,为便于说明,表示器件结构的剖面图会不依一般比例作局部放大,而且所述示意图只是示例,其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外,在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间尺寸。
正如背景技术中的描述,目前雷达的视场范围有限,通过MEMS扫描的方式扩大视场角,存在装配难度大和调试难度大的问题,而多个MEMS微镜联立以覆盖较大的视场范围,又会产生较大的成本。而其他扩大视场角的方式同样存在问题,因此,如何利用有限的成本实现较大的视场角,是雷达在实际应用中的一个重要问题。
基于此,本申请实施例提供了一种雷达和角度调整装置,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,经过第一通光口出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
本发明实施例提供了另一种雷达和角度调整装置,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的腔体内形成有反射镜,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在反射镜上反射一次后从第一环形球面镜或第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因 此可以扩大视场角范围,而第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的出口处对出射光束的视场角范围的约束作用较小,能够得到较大的视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
为了更好的理解本申请的技术方案和技术效果,以下将结合附图对具体的实施例进行详细的描述和说明。
本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置,可以包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,可以理解的是,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜构成接合面,接合面的一侧为第一环形球面镜,另一侧为第二环形球面镜,而第一环形球面镜与第二环形球面镜的上下左右位置关系可以根据该装置的放置方向确定,例如该装置竖直放置时,第一环形球面镜可以位于第二环形球面镜的下方或者下方,该装置水平放置时,第一环形球面镜可以位于第二环形球面镜的左侧或右侧,前侧或后侧等。
下面以第一环形球面镜位于第二环形球面镜的下方为例进行说明,参考图1、图2和图3所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在不同角度上的结构示意图,其中,图1、图2和图3分别为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置的俯视图、侧视图和主视图。
该装置包括第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200,第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200依次层叠,二者之间形成接合面1001。两环形球面镜的内表面为球面,其曲率半径相同,用R表示。在层叠第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜120时,可以令两环形球面镜的球心P C1和P C2的连线与接合面1001垂直,接合面1001内的第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的半径可以不同。
两环形球面镜的外表面可以为圆柱面,基于两环形球面镜在水平面内的直径可以不同,则二者的外表面在与接合面平行的平面内的直径也可以不一致,例如第二环形球面镜200的外表面在平行于接合面的平面内的直径可以小于第一环形球面镜100的外表面在平行于接合面的平面内的直径,参考图2所示,第一环形球面镜的外表面的直径为D;当然,两环形球面镜的外表面在于接合面平行的平面内的直径也可以一致。
当然,两环形球面镜的外表面也可以根据实际情况设定为其他形状,例如可以是棱柱面、不规则曲面等。具体的,两环形球面镜的外表面可以构成六面体、八面体等,在此不做限定。
第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上可以形成有通光孔101,该通光孔101用于使初始光束通过通光孔101入射到第一环形球面镜100的腔体中,这样初始光束可以在第一环形球面镜100的腔体内进行N-1次反射后进入第二环形球面镜120的腔体中,N为大于1的正整数。通光孔101可以是圆孔,也可以是矩形孔,通光孔可以是贯穿第一环形球面镜100的侧壁的通光孔,也可以是填充有透光材料的光通道,还可以设置有透光部件的光通道,例如设置有滤光膜等透光部件。
第二环形球面镜120的侧壁上形成有第一通光口201,初始光束在第二环形球面镜120的腔体内反射一次后可以从第一通光口201中出射。
建立直角坐标系,过通光孔101的中心,作平行于接合面的第一平面,将两球心的连线与第一平面的交点作为坐标原点,将两球心的连线作为y轴,将通光孔101的中心与原点的连线作为z轴,将第一平面内与z轴垂直的方向作为x轴。参考图1所示,令向右为z轴正方向,令向上为x轴正方向,参考图2所示,令向上为y轴正方向。
根据几何光学原理,初始光束在第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200中的反射,符合反射定律,则出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此对初始光束的视场角范围进行了扩大。举例来说,初始光束的视场角范围在x轴方向上可以扩大(2N+1)倍,在y轴方向上也可以近似扩大(2N+1)倍。
可以理解的是,初始光束在第一环形球面镜100的腔体内反射N-1次,在第二环形球面镜200的腔体内反射1次,若N为奇数,则初始光束共反射N次后出射,即共反射偶数次出射,因此入射初始光束的通光孔101和出射初始光束的第一通光口201可以设置于该装置的不同侧,例如分别设置于装置的左侧和右侧,便于初始光束从第一通光口201中出射,参考图3所示;若N为偶数,则初始光束共反射奇数次出射,因此入射初始光束的通光孔101和出射初始光束的第一通光口201可以设置于装置的同一侧,例如均设置于装置的左侧或右侧(图未示出),便于初始光束从第一通光口201中出射。
在实际操作中,为了使N为偶数,可以令第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1相比于通光孔101的中心更接近第二环形球面镜200,以第一环形球面镜100位于第二环形球面镜200的下方为例,第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1可以位于通光孔101中心的上侧,参考图3所示;类似的,为了使N为奇数,可以令通光孔101的中心相比于第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1更接近第二环形球面镜200,以第一环形球面镜100位于第二环形球面镜200的下方为例,第一环形球面镜100的球心可以位于通光孔101中心的下侧(图未示出)。
在本申请实施例中,第二环形球面镜上200的第一通光口201可以在两球心连线方向上贯穿第二环形球面镜200,也就是说,第二环形球面镜200可以是非闭合的环形。由于在x轴方向上初始光束的出射视场角得到了扩大,为了使初始光束能够顺利出射,在两球面镜的接合面1001上,第二环形球面镜200可以构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧状,这样可以令多个方向的初始光束从第一通光口201处出射,而不会令初始光束持续在第二环形球面镜200中来回反射。参考图3所示,第二环形球面镜200仅覆盖第一环形球面镜100的左侧部分,且第二环形球面镜200在右侧的切面在第二环形球面镜200的球心P C2的左侧,切面与球心P C2的距离可以用l表示。
在本申请实施例中,在y轴方向上初始光束的出射视场角也得到了扩大,为了使初始光束能够顺利出射,第一环形球面镜100上还可以形成第二通光口102,第二通光口102可以形成于第一环形球面镜100的接合面,且第一通光口201和第二通光口102在接合面内的形状可以相同。可以理解的是,第二通光口102并不贯穿第一环形球面镜100,而是仅在第一环形球面镜100的接合面一侧形成凹槽,利于在出射角度较大时使初始光束出射。
可以理解的是,第一通光口201和第二通光口102是用于使初始光束出射的,因此第一通光口201和第二通光口102处还可以设置透光材料,例如玻璃罩、滤光膜等,不影响本申请实施例的实现。
参考图3所示,通光孔101中心与第一环形球面镜100与接合面1001相对的下边缘的距离为H 1,通光孔101中心与接合面1001的距离为H 2,第二环形球面镜200的侧壁高度为H 3,第一环形球面镜100在右侧的侧壁高度为H 4,即第二通光口102的深度为(H 1+H 2-H 4),第一环形球面镜100的外壁圆柱面的直径为D,第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1位于通光孔101中心的上方且与通光孔101中心在y轴方向的距离为c,第二环形球面镜200的球心P C2位于通光孔101中心的上方且与通光孔101中心在y轴方向的距离为c'。
需要说明的是,通常情况下,令c远远小于R,这样初始光束的视场角范围在y轴方向上也可以近似扩大(2N+1)倍。具体实施时,第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的曲率半径R的范围可以为20mm~150mm,c的范围一般可以为R/20~R/50,c'大于c,D的范围可以是2R~5R,具体的,D可以为2.08R~2.2R。
此外,可以在通光孔101处设置光源,从而产生初始光束,初始光束从通光孔101进入第一环形球面镜100的腔体内。参考图4、图5、图6所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在应用过程中不同角度上的结构示意图,其中,光源在x轴方向的尺寸为A,在y方向的尺寸为B,光源与通光孔中心的距离为d,在本申请实施例中,可以令d远远小于R,因此可以在后续的过程分析过程中认为初始光束的中心在通光孔的中心处,可以令d小于或等于R/10,光源出射的初始光束的初始直径为a,可以认为进入第一环形球面镜100的腔体的初始光束的初始直径为a,通常来说,a可以小于或等于10mm。
若初始光束过通光孔的中心和坐标原点,将该入射方向作为零位方向,为了方便该装置的调试,可以使沿零位方向入射的初始光束能沿零位方向出射,此时可以令c'为(N+1)c,而c远远小于R。这样,在初始光束的入射方向与零位方向在水平方向上的夹角为θ时,初始光束的初始方向与零位方向在水平方向上的夹角为(2N+1)θ,在初始光束的入射方向与零位方向在竖直方向上的夹角为α时,初始光束的初始方向与零位方向在竖直方向上的夹角为(2N+1)α。
因此,参考图4所示,可以记初始光束的出射方向与零位方向在水平方向的最大夹角为θ max,θ max的范围可以为0~90°,在θ max为90°时,意味着可以实现正前方接近180°的视场角;相应的,初始光束的入射方向与零位方向在水平方向的最大夹角为θ max/(2N+1),该角度范围与光源的特征、以及光源与通光孔的距离相关,通常可以为0~10°。参考图6所示,光源300发出初始光束,可以记初始光束的出射方向与零位方向在竖直方向的最大夹角为α max,其范围为0~15°;相应的,初始光束的入射方向与零位方向在竖直方向的最大夹角为α max/(2N+1),其范围为0~15/(2N+1)°。
初始光束的入射方向与零位方向分别在水平方向和竖直方向上的夹角范围,与光源的特征、以及光源与通光孔的距离相关,这样在N确定时,初始光束的出射方向与零位方向在水平方向和竖直方向上的夹角的范围也随之确定,为了使该装置能够使初始光束进行反射和出射,H 1、H 2、H 3和H 4的值需要经过设计。具体的,记通过通光孔101的光束的初始直径为a。则通过以下公式确定H 1、H 2、H 3和H 4的值:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000020
为了便于理解,下面以N=2为例,对上述角度调整装置的工作原理进行说明。
参考图7和图8所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置的工作原理示意图,初始光束在角度调整装置中反射2次,即在第一环形球面镜100中反射1次,在第二环形球面镜200中反射1次,虚线方向为零位方向的初始光束的路径,实线箭头表示水平方向的入射角度为θ i,竖直方向的入射角度为α i的初始光束的路径。
在水平方向上,参考图7所示,沿着零位方向入射的初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,经过反射后依然沿零位方向出射。而在水平方向入射角度为θ i的初始光束的路径通过实线表示,连续两次反射的反射光束与各自的反射之前的光束的夹角为2θ i,根据几何知识可知,第2次反射后的初始光束与入射的初始光束之间的夹角为4θ i,而最初入射的出射光束与零位方向之间的夹角为θ i,则出射的初始光束与零位方向之间的夹角为5θ i,即出射视场角相对于入射视场角在水平方向上扩大了5倍。
在竖直方向上,参考图8所示,沿着零位方向入射的初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,第一次反射的反射光线和入射光线的夹角记为β,根据几何知识可知,第二次反射的反射光线和入射光线之间的夹角也为β,在经过2次反射后,仍然沿着零位方向出射。而在竖直方向入射角度为α i的初始光束的路径通过实线表示,在满足c远远小于R时,第一次反射的反射光线和入射光线的夹角约为β+2α i。又由于第1次入射的光线本身和零位方向有α i的夹角,因此,第1次反射的反射光线和零位方向的夹角约为β+3α i;而第2次反射的反射光线与入射光线(即第1次反射的反射光线)的夹角约为β-2α i,而第2次入射的光线本身与零位方向有约β+3α i的夹角,则第2次反射的光线和零位方向的夹角为5α i,即出射视场角相对于入射视场角在竖直方向上扩大了5倍。
为了更进一步了解本申请中角度调整装置,下面以N=4为例,对角度调整装置的工作原理进行说明。
参考图9和图10所示,为本申请实施例提供的另一种角度调整装置的工作原理示意图,初始光束在角度调整装置中反射4次,即在第一环形球面镜100中反射3次,在第二环形球面镜200中反射1次,其水平方向的偏转示意图参考图9所示,竖直方向的偏转示意图参考图10所示,虚线方向为零位方向的初始光束的路径,实线箭头表示水平方向的入射角度为θ i,竖直方向的入射角度为α i的初始光束的路径。
在水平方向上,参考图9所示,沿着零位方向入射的初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,经过反射后依然沿零位方向出射。而在水平方向入射角度为θ i的初始光束的路径通过实线表示,连续的4次反射的反射光束与各自反射之前的光束的夹角均为2θ i,根据几何知识可得,第4次反射后的初始光束与入射的初始光束之间的夹角为8θ i,而最初入射的出射光束 与零位方向之间的夹角为θ i,因此最终的出射光束和零位方向之间的夹角为9θ i,即出射视场角相对于入射视场角在水平方向上扩大了9倍。
在竖直方向上,参考图10所示,沿着零位方向入射的初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,第一次反射的反射光线和入射光线的夹角记为β,根据几何知识可知,第二次和第三次反射的反射光线和入射光线之间的夹角也为β,而第4次反射的反射光线与入射光线的夹角则为3β,因此在经过4次反射后,仍然沿着零位方向出射。
而在竖直方向入射角度为α i的初始光束的路径通过实线表示,在满足c远远小于R时,第一次反射的反射光线和入射光线的夹角约为β+2α i。又由于第1次入射的光线本身和零位方向有α i的夹角,因此,第1次反射的反射光线和零位方向的夹角约为β+3α i;其第2、3次反射的反射光线和入射光线(即为第1、2次反射的反射光线)的夹角也约为β+2α i,从而第3次反射的反射光线与第1次反射的反射光线之间的夹角约为2β+4α i,而第1次反射的光线本身与零位方向之间的夹角约为β+3α i,因此,第3次反射的反射光线和零位方向的夹角约为β+7α i,其第4次反射的反射光线和入射光线(即为第3次反射的反射光线)夹角约为3β-2α i,又由于第3次反射光线和零位方向的夹角约约为3β+7α i,因此第4次反射后最终出射的光线和零位方向的夹角即为9α i,即出射视场角相对于入射视场角在竖直方向上扩大了9倍。
参考图11所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种初始光束在角度调整装置中的路径仿真示意图,其中,光束11和光束21为初始光束的入射视场角中位于边界处的入射光束,两入射光束之间构成入射视场角γ,光束11经反射成为光束12,再经反射成为光束13,光束21经反射成为光束22,再经反射成为光束23,光束13和光束23为初始光束的出射视场角中位于边界处的出射光束,两出射光束之间构成出射视场角γ',出射视场角γ'大于入射视场角γ,通常为γ的(2N+1)倍,N大于1。
基于以上角度调整装置,本申请实施例还提供了一种雷达,参考图12所示,本申请实施例提供的一种雷达,包括:初始光束产生装置401、角度调整装置402、回波光束接收装置403和数据分析装置404;
所述初始光束产生装置401,用于产生初始光束;
所述角度调整装置402,包括:依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并经所述第一通光口出射,所述N为大于1的整数;将所述角度调整装置出射的光束作为测试光束;
所述回波光束接收装置403,用于接收所述测试光束经待检测物体反射形成的回波光束;
所述数据分析装置404,用于根据所述初始光束和所述回波光束确定所述待检测物体的位置。
可选的,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
可选的,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于不同侧,则所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于相同侧,则所述N为奇数。
可选的,所述第一通光口在两球心连线方向上贯穿所述第二环形球面镜,所述第二环形球面镜在两球的接合面上构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧。
可选的,所述第一环形球面反射镜上形成有第二通光口,所述第二通光口和所述第一通光口在平行于所述接合面的平面内的尺度一致。
可选的,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜与所述接合面相对的边缘的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,所述第一环形球面镜在所述第二通光口处的侧壁高度H 4,满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000024
所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面经和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
可选的,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/50,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~15°。
本发明实施例提供的一种雷达中,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,经过第一通光口出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
本申请实施例还提供了另一种角度调整装置,可以包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,可以理解的是,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜构成接合面,接合面 的一侧为第一环形球面镜,另一侧为第二环形球面镜,而第一环形球面镜与第二环形球面镜的相对位置关系可以根据该装置的放置方向确定,例如该装置竖直放置时,第一环形球面镜可以位于第二环形球面镜的下方或者下方,该装置水平放置时,第一环形球面镜可以位于第二环形球面镜的左侧或右侧,前侧或后侧等。
下面以第一环形球面镜位于第二环形球面镜的下方为例进行说明,参考图13、图14和图15所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置在不同角度上的结构示意图,其中,图13、图14和图15分别为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置的俯视图、侧视图和主视图。
该装置包括第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200,第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200依次层叠,二者之间形成接合面1001。两环形球面镜的内表面为球面,其曲率半径相同,用R表示。在层叠第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜120时,可以令两环形球面镜的球心P C1和P C2的连线与接合面1001垂直,接合面1001内的第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的半径可以相同,也可以不同,参考图14所示。
需要说明的是,接合面1001是一个平面,该平面是用来界定第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的分界面的,因此可以是第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的接合处构成的虚拟的平面,也可以是形成有透光平面结构的接合平面。在第一环形球面镜100与接合面1001相对的另一表面作为第一环形球面镜100的出口,该表面处可以形成有透光平面结构从而构成封闭结构,也可以不做其他设置而保持开口结构,在第二环形球面镜200与接合面1001相对的另一表面作为第二环形球面镜200的出口,该表面处可以形成有透光平面结构从而构成封闭结构,也可以不做额外设置而保持开口结构,也就是说,本申请实施例提供的角度调整装置可以是两头封闭的空心结构,也可以是贯通的开口结构。
两环形球面镜的外表面可以为圆柱面,基于两环形球面镜在水平面内的直径可以不同,则二者的外表面在与接合面平行的平面内的直径也可以不一致,例如第二环形球面镜200的外表面在平行于接合面的平面内的直径可以小于第一环形球面镜100的外表面在平行于接合面的平面内的直径,参考图14所示,第一环形球面镜的外表面的直径为D;当然,两环形球面镜的外表面在与接合面平行的平面内的直径也可以一致。此外,两环形球面镜的外表面也可以根据实际情况设定为其他形状,例如可以是棱柱面、不规则曲面等。
第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上可以形成有通光孔101,该通光孔101用于使初始光束通过通光孔101入射到第一环形球面镜100的腔体中,这样初始光束可以在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上进行N-1次反射后进入第二环形球面镜120的腔体中,N为大于1的正整数。通光孔101可以是圆孔,也可以是矩形孔,通光孔101可以是贯穿第一环形球面镜100的侧壁的通光孔,也可以是在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上形成的填充有透光材料的光通道,还可以在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上形成的设置有透光部件的光通道,例如设置有滤光膜等透光部件。
第二环形球面镜200的腔体内形成有反射镜202,反射镜202可以是平面反射镜,也可以是具有扩散光束视场角的凸面反射镜,本申请实施例以平面反射镜为例进行详细说明。初始光束在进入第二环形球面镜200的腔体后,可以在第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射 一次,再在反射镜202上反射一次,然后从第一环形球面镜100的出口处或从第二环形球面镜200的出口处出射,也就是说,初始光束在第二环形球面镜200中经过反射镜202反射后可以从上出口出射,也可以从下出口出射。
下面建立直角坐标系对本申请实施例提供的角度调整装置进行详细说明,具体的,过通光孔101的中心,作平行于接合面1001的第一平面,将两球心的连线与第一平面的交点作为坐标原点,将两球心的连线作为y轴,将通光孔101的中心与原点的连线作为z轴,将第一平面内与z轴垂直的方向作为x轴。参考图13所示,令向右为z轴正方向,令向上为x轴正方向,垂直纸面向外为y轴正方向;参考图14所示,令向上为y轴正方向,左侧为x轴正方向,垂直纸面向里为z轴正方向;参考图15所示,令向上为y轴正方向,右侧为z轴正方向,垂直纸面向里为x轴正方向。这样,初始光束的入射零位方向可以为z轴正方向,初始光束的出射零位方向可以为y轴正方向或y轴负方向。
根据几何光学原理,初始光束在第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200中的反射,符合反射定律,则出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此对初始光束的视场角范围进行了扩大。举例来说,出射光束的视场角范围在x轴方向上可以扩大(2N+1)倍,出射光束在z轴方向上的视场角对应入射光束在y轴方向上的视场角,可以近似扩大(2N+1)倍。此外,第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的出口尺径相对较大,对出射光束的视场角范围的限制作用较小,因此能够得到的最大视场角范围也较大。
可以理解的是,经第二环形球面镜200的侧壁反射的光束在经过反射镜202反射后得到出射光束,根据反射定律,反射镜202的平面与经第二环形球面镜200的侧壁反射的光束和出射光束的夹角平分线垂直,因此为了使被反射镜202反射的光能够从第一环形球面镜100的出口处或第二环形球面镜200的出口处出射,反射镜202的设置位置和方向可以根据通光孔101位置、初始光束反射次数和出口位置进行调整。
具体的,初始光束在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上反射N-1次,在第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射1次。若N为奇数,则初始光束共在侧壁上反射N次后出射,即共反射偶数次出射,因此为了能够让反射光出射,反射镜202可以朝向通光孔101所在方向和出射方向,例如通光孔101位于反射镜202的左下方,出射方向位于反射镜的下方,则反射镜202可以朝向左下方,经过反射镜202反射的光束从位于下方的第二环形球面镜200的出口处出射,参考图15所示;当然若出射方向位于反射镜的上方,则反射镜202可以朝向左上方(图未示出)。若N为偶数,则初始光束在侧壁上共反射奇数次出射,因此为了能够让反射光出射,反射镜202可以背向通光孔所在方向,朝向出射方向,例如通光孔位于反射镜202的左下方,出射方向位于反射镜的下方,则反射镜202可以朝向右下方,经过反射镜202反射的光束从位于下方的第二环形球面镜200的出口处出射;当然若出射方向位于反射镜202的上方,则反射镜202可以朝向右上方。
具体的,反射镜202的位置可以根据光束在腔内的汇聚位置确定,若反射镜202设置在不同方向的初始光束的汇聚点,则可以利用较小尺寸的反射镜202实现初始光束的反射,反射镜202的形状可以是矩形,反射镜202在x轴方向的边长用w表示,另一边长用v表 示,参考图14和图15所示。通常来说,反射镜202的设置位置在第二环形球面镜200的较中心的区域,这样经反射镜202反射的光束较少受到第一环形球面镜100或第二环形球面镜200的内壁的约束,具体的,反射镜202的中心点的x轴坐标可以为零,即反射镜202在入射零位线上方,参考图14所示。
为了方便设置和调整反射镜,在第二环形球面镜上还可以形成开口,该开口可以在y轴方向上贯穿第二环形球面镜200,也就是说,第二环形球面镜200可以是非闭合的环形,该开口的形成位置可以根据设置反射镜202的位置确定,通常在反射镜的背面一侧。举例来说,第二环形球面镜200可以形成于反射镜的正面一侧,构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧状,参考图15所示,反射镜202可以朝向左下方,反射镜202中心点与通光孔101的中心在z轴上的距离可以用F表示,即反射镜的中心点与通光孔的中心点在垂直两球心连线方向的平面内的投影距离为F,第二环形球面镜200仅覆盖第一环形球面镜100的左侧部分,且第二环形球面镜200在右侧的切面在第二环形球面镜200的球心P C2的左侧,切面与球心P C2的距离可以用l表示。可以理解的是,反射镜202位于第二环形球面镜200的腔体内,在第二环形球面镜200覆盖第一环形球面镜100的左侧部分时,反射镜202可以位于第二环形球面镜200的切面的左侧。在第二环形球面镜200的切面处可以设置透光材料或不透光材料的平面结构,用于固定反射镜202,当然,反射镜202也可以通过其他方式固定,在此不做限定。
在实际操作中,为了使N为偶数,可以令第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1相比于通光孔101的中心更接近第二环形球面镜200,以第一环形球面镜100位于第二环形球面镜200的下方为例,第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1可以位于通光孔101中心的上侧,参考图15所示;类似的,为了使N为奇数,可以令通光孔101的中心相比于第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1更接近第二环形球面镜200,以第一环形球面镜100位于第二环形球面镜200的下方为例,第一环形球面镜100的球心可以位于通光孔101中心的下侧(图未示出)。
参考图15所示,通光孔101中心与第一环形球面镜100的出口处的距离为H 1,通光孔101中心与接合面1001的距离为H 2,第二环形球面镜200的侧壁高度为H 3,第一环形球面镜100的外壁圆柱面的直径为D,第一环形球面镜100的球心P C1位于通光孔101中心的上方且与通光孔101中心在y轴方向的距离为c,第二环形球面镜200的球心P C2位于通光孔101中心的上方且与通光孔101中心在y轴方向的距离为c'。
需要说明的是,通常情况下,令c远远小于R,这样初始光束在y轴方向上的视场角范围在转换为出射光束在z轴方向上的视场角范围后,也可以近似扩大(2N+1)倍。具体实施时,第一环形球面镜100和第二环形球面镜200的曲率半径R的范围可以为20mm~150mm,c的范围一般可以为R/20~R/100,c'大于c,D的范围可以是2R~5R,具体的,D可以为2.08R~2.2R,反射镜的边长w可以大于或等于10mm,边长v可以大于或等于5mm。根据几何光学原理,不同入射角度的初始光束在坐标为(0,2Nc,F)处汇聚,则反射镜的中心点可以设置在该汇聚点处。
此外,可以在通光孔101处设置光源,从而产生初始光束,初始光束从通光孔101进入第一环形球面镜100的腔体内。参考图16、图17、图18所示,为本申请实施例提供的 一种角度调整装置在应用过程中不同角度上的结构示意图,其中,光源在x轴方向的尺寸为A,在y方向的尺寸为B,光源与通光孔中心的距离为d,在本申请实施例中,可以令d远远小于R,因此可以在后续的过程分析过程中认为初始光束的中心在通光孔的中心处,可以令d小于或等于R/10,光源出射的初始光束的初始直径为a,可以认为进入第一环形球面镜100的腔体的初始光束的初始直径为a,a可以小于或等于10mm。
若初始光束过通光孔101的中心和坐标原点,将该入射方向作为入射零位方向,为了方便该装置的调试,可以使沿入射零位方向入射的初始光束能沿出射零位方向出射,出射零位方向为垂直向上或垂直向下的方向,此时可以令c'为(N+1)c,而c远远小于R。
这样,在初始光束的入射方向与入射零位方向(z轴正方向)在x轴方向上的夹角为θ时,参考图16所示,光源300发出初始光束,初始光束的出射方向与出射零位方向(y轴负方向或y轴正方向)在x轴方向上的夹角为(2N+1)θ,可以记为x轴出射视场角度。参考图17所示,x轴出射视场角度的最大值可以记为θ max,θ max的范围可以为0~90°,在θ max为90°时,意味着可以实现x轴方向上接近180°的视场角。相应的,初始光束的入射方向与入射零位方向(z轴正方向)在x轴方向上的的最大夹角为θ max/(2N+1),该角度范围与光源的特征、以及光源与通光孔的距离相关,通常可以为0~10°。
同理,在初始光束的入射方向与入射零位方向(z轴正方向)在y轴方向上的夹角为α时,初始光束的出射方向与出射零位方向(y轴正方向或y轴负方向)在z轴方向上的夹角为(2N+1)α,可以记为z轴出射视场角度。参考图18所示,z轴出射视场角度的最大值记为α max,其范围为0~20°;相应的,初始光束的入射方向与入射零位方向在y轴方向的最大夹角为α max/(2N+1),其范围为0~20/(2N+1)°。
初始光束的入射方向与入射零位方向分别在水平方向和竖直方向上的夹角范围,与光源的特征、以及光源与通光孔的距离相关,这样在N确定时,初始光束的出射方向与入射零位方向在水平方向和竖直方向上的夹角的范围也随之确定,为了使该装置能够使初始光束进行反射和出射,H 1、H 2、H 3、l、A和B的值需要经过设计。具体的,记通过通光孔101的光束的初始直径为a。则通过以下公式确定H 1、H 2、H 3、l、A和B的值:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000030
为了便于理解,下面以N=2为例,对上述角度调整装置的工作原理进行说明。
参考图19、图20和图21所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种角度调整装置的工作原理示意图,其中反射镜202朝向左下方,且与水平方向的夹角为45°,初始光束在角度调整装置中的侧壁上反射2次,即在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上反射1次,在第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射1次,然后在反射镜202上反射1次,其水平方向的偏转示意图参考图19和图20所示,竖直方向的偏转示意图参考图21所示,虚线箭头表示入射方向为入射零位方向的第一初始光束的路径,实线箭头表示水平方向(x轴方向)的入射角度为θ i,竖直方向(y轴方向)的入射角度为α i的第二初始光束的路径。
在水平方向上,参考图19和图20所示,沿着入射零位方向入射的第一初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,在经过侧壁反射和反射镜反射后,将其经过反射后出射方向作为出射零位方向,入射零位方向可以为水平向右(即z轴正方向)的方向,出射零位方向可以为竖直向下(即y轴负方向)的方向。而在水平方向入射角度为θ i的第二初始光束的路径通过实线表示,由于连续两次反射的反射光束与各自的反射之前的光束的夹角为2θ i,根据几何知识可知,第2次反射后的第二初始光束与入射的第二初始光束之间的夹角为4θ i,而最初入射的第二初始光束与入射零位方向之间的夹角为θ i,则第2次反射后的第二初始光束与入射零位方向之间的夹角为5θ i,参考图19所示。也就是说,入射到反射镜的第一初始光束和第二初始光束之间的夹角为5θ i,因此经过反射镜反射的第二初始光束与出射零位方向之间的夹角也为5θ i,参考图20所示,即出射视场角相对于入射视场角在x轴方向上扩大了5倍。
在竖直方向上,参考图21所示,沿着入射零位方向(z轴正方向)入射的第一初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,第一次反射的反射光线和反射之前的光束的夹角记为β,根据几何知识可知,第二次反射的反射光线和反射之前的光束之间的夹角也为β,在经过2次侧壁反射后的第一初始光束沿着入射零位方向,在经过1次反射镜反射后从出射零位方向(y轴负方向)出射。而在竖直方向(y轴方向)入射角度为α i的第三初始光束的路径通过实线表示,在满足c远远小于R时,第一次反射的反射光线和反射之前的光束的夹角约为β+2α i。又由于第1次入射的光线本身和入射零位方向有α i的夹角,因此,第1次反射的反射光线和入射零位方向的夹角约为β+3α i;而第2次反射的反射光线与入射光线(即第1次反射的反射光线)的夹角约为β-2α i,而第2次入射的光线本身与入射零位方向有约β+3α i的夹角,则第2次反射的光线和入射零位方向的夹角为5α i。也就是说,入射到反射镜的第一初始光束和第三初始光束在y轴上之间的夹角为5α i,因此经过反射镜反射的第三初始光束与出射零位方向之间在z轴上的夹角也为5α i,参考图21所示,即在z轴上的出射视场角相对于在y轴上的入射视场角扩大了5倍。
为了更进一步了解本申请中角度调整装置,下面以N=4为例,对角度调整装置的工作原理进行说明。
参考图22、图23和图24所示,为本申请实施例提供的另一种角度调整装置的工作原理示意图,其中反射镜202朝向左下方,与水平方向的夹角为45°,初始光束在角度调整装置中的侧壁上反射4次,即在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上反射3次,在第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射1次,然后在反射镜202上反射1次,其水平方向的偏转示意图参考 图22和图23所示,竖直方向的偏转示意图参考图24所示,虚线箭头表示入射方向为入射零位方向的第四初始光束的路径,实线箭头表示水平方向(x轴方向)的入射角度为θ i,竖直方向(y轴方向)的入射角度为α i的第五初始光束的路径。
在水平方向上,参考图22和图23所示,沿着入射零位方向入射的第四初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,在经过侧壁反射和反射镜反射后,将其经过反射后出射方向作为出射零位方向,入射零位方向可以为水平向右(即z轴正方向)的方向,出射零位方向可以为竖直向下(即y轴负方向)的方向。而在水平方向入射角度为θ i的第五初始光束的路径通过实线表示,由于连续的4次反射的反射光束与各自反射之前的光束的夹角均为2θ i,根据几何知识可得,第4次反射后的第五初始光束与最初入射的第五初始光束之间的夹角为8θ i,而最初入射的第五出射光束与入射零位方向之间的夹角为θ i,因此第4次反射后的第五初始光束和入射零位方向之间的夹角为9θ i,参考图22所示。也就是说,入射到反射镜的第四初始光束和第五初始光束之间的夹角为9θ i,因此经过反射镜反射的第五初始光束与出射零位方向之间的夹角也为9θ i,参考图23所示,即出射视场角相对于入射视场角在x轴方向上扩大了9倍。
在竖直方向上,参考图24所示,沿着入射零位方向(z轴正方向)入射的第四初始光束的路径通过虚线表示,第一次反射的反射光线和反射之前的光束的夹角记为β,根据几何知识可知,第二次和第三次反射的反射光线和反射之前的光束之间的夹角也为β,而第4次反射的反射光线与反射之前的光束的夹角则为3β,因此在经过4次侧壁反射后,第四初始光束的方向沿着入射零位方向,经过1次反射镜反射后从出射零位方向(y轴负方向)出射。
而在竖直方向(y轴方向)入射角度为α i的第六初始光束的路径通过实线表示,在满足c远远小于R时,第一次反射的反射光线和反射之前的光束的夹角约为β+2α i。又由于第1次入射的光线本身和入射零位方向有α i的夹角,因此,第1次反射的反射光线和入射零位方向的夹角约为β+3α i;其第2、3次反射的反射光线和入射光线(即为第1、2次反射的反射光线)的夹角也约为β+2α i,从而第3次反射的反射光线与第1次反射的反射光线之间的夹角约为2β+4α i,而第1次反射的光线本身与入射零位方向之间的夹角约为β+3α i,因此,第3次反射的反射光线和入射零位方向的夹角约为β+7α i,其第4次反射的反射光线和入射光线(即为第3次反射的反射光线)夹角约为3β-2α i,又由于第3次反射光线和入射零位方向的夹角约约为3β+7α i,因此第4次反射后最终出射的光线和入射零位方向的夹角即为9α i。也就是说,入射到反射镜的第四初始光束和第六初始光束在y轴上之间的夹角为9α i,因此经过反射镜反射的第六初始光束与出射零位方向之间在z轴上的夹角也为9α i,参考图24所示,即在z轴上的出射视场角相对于在y轴上的入射视场角扩大了9倍。
本发明实施例提供了另一种角度调整装置,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的腔体内形成有反射镜,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在反射镜上反射一次后从第一环 形球面镜或第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,而且能够得到等倍率线性放大的视场角,系统通光比在中心视场和边缘视场基本保持均匀,每次球面反射的离轴角较小,整个光学过程可以视为在近轴区域中,像差较小,同时第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的出口处对出射光束的视场角范围的约束作用较小,能够得到较大的视场角范围,而且通过反射镜使入射光束和出射光束大体垂直,避免了光束之间的相互干扰作用,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
此外,在通光孔处可以设置聚焦透镜,令初始光束在经过通光孔后被聚焦到距离通光孔中心点的(2N+1)·R/(2N)处,然后在第一环形球面镜100不同高度的侧壁上反射(N-1)次后,入射到第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射后,得到直径为a/(2N+1)的准直光束,在反射镜上反射,从第一环形球面镜100或第二环形球面镜200的出口处出射,因此最终出射的光束为直径为a/(2N+1)的准直光束,也就是说,本申请实施例提供的角度调整装置在扩大视场角范围的同时不会显著影响初始光束的准直性,甚至还大幅压缩初始光束的出射光斑直径。
下面以沿入射零位方向入射的初始光束为例,对光束在角度调整装置中的聚焦和发散过程进行说明。
参考图25所示,为N=2时角度调整装置在光束准直方面的工作原理示意图,其中反射镜202朝向左下方,且与水平方向的夹角为45°,初始光束沿着入射零位方向(水平向右)入射,在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上反射1次,在第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射1次,然后在反射镜202上反射1次,从出射零位方向(竖直向下)出射。
由于光源出射的初始光束的初始直径为a,可以认为进而第一环形球面镜100的腔体的初始光束的初始直径为a,在通光孔处可以设置聚焦透镜,令初始光束首先聚焦在距离通光孔5R/4处,该处距离第一次反射点处的距离约为3R/4,从而根据相似三角形知识可知,第一次反射点处的光斑直径a 1=3a/5,根据几何光学知识,反射球面的焦距约为R/2,而第1次反射的物距约为3R/4,从而第1次反射后初始光束的汇聚点位置即为3R/2;第2次反射时,初始光束首先汇聚在距离第1次反射点约3R/2处,即距离第2次反射点约R/2处,根据相似三角形知识可知第2次反射点处的光斑直径a 2=a/5,根据几何光学知识,第2次反射的物距约为R/2,从而第2次反射后的初始光束最终的汇聚点位置为无限远处,即初始光束被近似准直,直径压缩为入射时的1/(2×2+1)=1/5;随后初始光束在反射镜处发生反射后从第一环形球面镜的出口处出射,平面镜反射不会改变初始光束的聚焦/发散作用,也就是说,最终出射的初始光束的直径为入射时直径的1/5。
参考图26所示,为N=4时角度调整装置在光束准直方面的工作原理示意图,其中反射镜202朝向左下方,且与水平方向的夹角为45°,初始光束沿着入射零位方向(水平向右)入射,在第一环形球面镜100的侧壁上反射3次,在第二环形球面镜200的侧壁上反射1次,然后在反射镜202上反射1次,从出射零位方向(竖直向下)出射。
由于光源出射的初始光束的初始直径为a,可以认为进而第一环形球面镜100的腔体的初始光束的初始直径为a,在通光孔处可以设置聚焦透镜,令初始光束首先聚焦在距离通光孔9R/8处,该处距离与第1次反射点的距离约为7R/8,从而根据相似三角形知识可知第1次反射点处的光斑直径a 1=7a/9;根据几何光学知识,反射球面镜的焦距约为R/2,而第1次反射的物距约为7R/8,从而第1次反射后光束的汇聚点位置即为7R/6;第2次反射时,光束首先汇聚在距离第1次反射点约7R/6处,即距离第2次反射点约5R/6处,根据相似三角形知识可知第2次反射点处的光斑直径a 2=5a 1/7=5a/9,根据几何光学知识,第2次反射的物距约为5R/6,从而第2次反射后光束的汇聚点位置即为5R/4;第3次反射时,光束首先汇聚在距离第2次反射点约5R/4处,即距离第2次反射点约3R/4处,根据相似三角形知识可知第3次反射点处的光斑直径a 3=3a 2/5=a/3,根据几何光学知识,第3次反射的物距约为3R/4,从而第3次反射后光束的汇聚点位置即为3R/2;第4次反射时,光束首先汇聚在距离第2次反射点约5R/4处,即距离第2次反射点约3R/2处,根据相似三角形知识可知第4次反射点处的光斑直径a 4=1a 2/3=a/9,根据几何光学知识,第4次反射的物距约为R/2,从而第2次反射后出射光束最终的汇聚点位置为无限远处,即光束被近似准直,直径压缩为入射时的1/(2×4+1)=1/9;随后初始光束在反射镜处发生反射后从第一环形球面镜的出口处出射,平面镜反射不会改变初始光束的聚焦/发散作用,也就是说,最终出射的初始光束的直径为入射时的1/9。
根据以上示例可知,在第i次反射的聚焦点与反射点的距离通式为:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000031
第i次反射点处的光斑半径通式为:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000032
为了减小反射镜的几何尺寸,可以将反射镜安装在各个角度入射的光束的最后一个汇聚的位置,因此当d远远小于R时,F满足以下公式:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000033
参考图27所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种初始光束在角度调整装置中的路径仿真示意图,其中,N为2,初始光束从通光孔入射到角度调整装置中,经过角度调整装置中的侧壁和反射镜反射后从下方出射,出射视场角为入射视场角为5倍。
基于以上角度调整装置,本申请实施例还提供了一种雷达,参考图28所示,本申请实施例提供的另一种雷达,包括:初始光束产生装置501、角度调整装置502、回波光束接收装置503和数据分析装置504;
所述初始光束产生装置501,用于产生初始光束;
所述角度调整装置502,包括:依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔 体中;所述第二环形球面镜的腔体中形成有反射镜,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在所述反射镜上反射一次后从所述第一环形球面镜或所述第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,所述N为大于1的整数;将所述角度调整装置出射的光束作为测试光束;
所述回波光束接收装置503,用于接收所述测试光束经待检测物体反射形成的回波光束;
所述数据分析装置504,用于根据所述初始光束和所述回波光束确定所述待检测物体的位置。
可选的,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
可选的,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜朝向所述通光孔所在方向,所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜背向所述通光孔所在方向,则所述N为奇数。
可选的,所述反射镜的中心点位于所述通光孔的中心点与两球心确定的平面中,且所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在垂直两球心连线方向的平面内的投影距离为F,所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在所述两球心连线方向上的距离为2Nc,所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述F满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000034
所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径。
可选的,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜的出口的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,满足以下条件:
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-000037
所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
可选的,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/100,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~20°。
本发明实施例提供的另一种雷达中,角度调整装置包括依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和 第二环形球面镜,第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面,第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,第二环形球面镜的腔体内形成有反射镜,初始光束可以通过通光孔入射到第一环形球面镜的腔体中,在第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在反射镜上反射一次后从第一环形球面镜或第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,由于初始光束经过球面镜的内表面反射,根据几何光学原理,出射的初始光束的视场角范围比入射的初始光束的视场角范围大,因此可以扩大视场角范围,而第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜的出口处对出射光束的视场角范围的约束作用较小,能够得到较大的视场角范围,将角度调整装置应用于雷达中,可以扩大雷达的视场角范围。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述,各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处。尤其,对于存储器件实施例而言,由于其基本相似于方法实施例,所以描述得比较简单,相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何的简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种角度调整装置,其特征在于,包括:
    依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;
    所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并经所述第一通光口出射,所述N为大于1的整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于不同侧,则所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于相同侧,则所述N为奇数。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一通光口在两球心连线方向上贯穿所述第二环形球面镜,所述第二环形球面镜在两球的接合面上构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一环形球面反射镜上形成有第二通光口,所述第二通光口和所述第一通光口在平行于所述接合面的平面内的尺度一致。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜与所述接合面相对的边缘的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,所述第一环形球面镜在所述第二通光口处的侧壁高度H 4,满足以下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100004
    所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面经和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/50,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~15°。
  8. 一种角度调整装置,其特征在于,包括:
    依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;
    所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的腔体中形成有反射镜,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在所述反射镜上反射一次后从所述第一环形球面镜或所述第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,所述N为大于1的整数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜朝向所述通光孔所在方向,所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜背向所述通光孔所在方向,则所述N为奇数。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述反射镜的中心点位于所述通光孔的中心点与两球心确定的平面中,且所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在垂直两球心连线方向的平面内的投影距离为F,所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在所述两球心连线方向上的距离为2Nc,所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述F满足以下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100005
    所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜的出口的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,满足以下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100008
    所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/100,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~20°。
  14. 一种雷达,其特征在于,包括:初始光束产生装置、角度调整装置、回波光束接收装置和数据分析装置;
    所述初始光束产生装置,用于产生初始光束;
    所述角度调整装置,包括:依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有第一通光口,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并经所述第一通光口出射,所述N为大于1的整数;将所述角度调整装置出射的光束作为测试光束;
    所述回波光束接收装置,用于接收所述测试光束经待检测物体反射形成的回波光束;
    所述数据分析装置,用于根据所述初始光束和所述回波光束确定所述待检测物体的位置。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于不同侧,则所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述通光孔和所述第一通光口位于相同侧,则所述N为奇数。
  17. 根据权利要求14-16任意一项所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述第一通光口在两球心连线方向上贯穿所述第二环形球面镜,所述第二环形球面镜在两球的接合面上构成小于或等于半圆的圆弧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述第一环形球面反射镜上形成有第二通光口,所述第二通光口和所述第一通光口在平行于所述接合面的平面内的尺度一致。
  19. 根据权利要求14-18任意一项所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜与所述接合面相对的边缘的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,所述第一环形球面镜在所述第二通光口处的侧壁高度H 4,满足以下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100012
    所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述R为所述第一环形球面经和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所 述c的范围为R/20~R/50,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~15°。
  21. 一种雷达,其特征在于,包括:初始光束产生装置、角度调整装置、回波光束接收装置和数据分析装置;
    所述初始光束产生装置,用于产生初始光束;
    所述角度调整装置,包括:依次层叠的第一环形球面镜和第二环形球面镜,所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径相同,且内表面为球面;所述第一环形球面镜的侧壁上形成有通光孔,初始光束通过所述通光孔入射到所述第一环形球面镜的腔体中;所述第二环形球面镜的腔体中形成有反射镜,所述初始光束在所述第一环形球面镜的内表面反射N-1次后,在所述第二环形球面镜的内表面上反射一次,并在所述反射镜上反射一次后从所述第一环形球面镜或所述第二环形球面镜的出口处出射,所述N为大于1的整数;将所述角度调整装置出射的光束作为测试光束;
    所述回波光束接收装置,用于接收所述测试光束经待检测物体反射形成的回波光束;
    所述数据分析装置,用于根据所述初始光束和所述回波光束确定所述待检测物体的位置。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述第二环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,与所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离的比值为(N+1)。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述第一环形球面镜的球心相比于所述通光孔的中心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜朝向所述通光孔所在方向,所述N为偶数;所述通光孔的中心相比于所述第一环形球面镜的球心更接近所述第二环形球面镜,所述反射镜背向所述通光孔所在方向,则所述N为奇数。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述反射镜的中心点位于所述通光孔的中心点与两球心确定的平面中,且所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在垂直两球心连线方向的平面内的投影距离为F,所述反射镜的中心点与所述通光孔的中心点在所述两球心连线方向上的距离为2Nc,所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离,所述F满足以下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100013
    所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径。
  25. 根据权利要求21-24任意一项所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜的出口的距离H 1、所述通光孔的中心与所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜接合面的距离H 2、所述第二环形球面镜的侧壁高度H 3,满足以下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100014
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2019114588-appb-100016
    所述c为所述第一环形球面镜的球心与所述通光孔的中心在两球心连线方向上的距离, 所述R为所述第一环形球面镜和所述第二环形球面镜的曲率半径,所述a为所述初始光束的初始直径,所述α max为垂直所述接合面的方向上所述初始光束与所述接合面之间的最大夹角。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的雷达,其特征在于,所述R的范围为20mm~150mm,所述c的范围为R/20~R/100,所述a小于或等于10mm,所述α max的范围为0~20°。
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