WO2020220671A1 - 一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法与结构 - Google Patents

一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法与结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220671A1
WO2020220671A1 PCT/CN2019/122259 CN2019122259W WO2020220671A1 WO 2020220671 A1 WO2020220671 A1 WO 2020220671A1 CN 2019122259 W CN2019122259 W CN 2019122259W WO 2020220671 A1 WO2020220671 A1 WO 2020220671A1
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mangrove
afforestation
soil
planting
soil layer
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PCT/CN2019/122259
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邓伟斌
曾祥
王光娜
关振鹏
汤钰杰
黄韵
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广东美景环境科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020220671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220671A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mangrove afforestation, in particular to a method and structure for mangrove afforestation on coastal rock beaches.
  • Mangroves have very important ecological benefits of preventing wind and waves, promoting siltation and protection of beaches, stabilizing banks and protecting dikes, and purifying seawater and air.
  • a well-organized root system can effectively retain sand from the land and reduce the sand content in coastal waters.
  • the dense and tall branches are like green walls, which effectively resist wind and waves. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect and restore the declining mangrove forests and plant forests in the coastal zone.
  • mangroves Because mangroves have typical characteristics of wetland ecosystems in tropical and subtropical estuaries and a special ecological environment with overlapping saltwater and fresh water, they provide habitat and foraging places for numerous fish, shrimp, crabs, waterfowl and migratory birds. Therefore, mangroves contain rich biological resources and species diversity.
  • Mangroves have a strong ability to adapt to the impact of waves and tides. They can protect the beaches, prevent the impact of wind and waves, protect farmland, and reduce salt damage. They play an important role in protecting the coast. They are natural barriers for the inland. Known as the "Coast Guard”. It can purify seawater, absorb pollutants, reduce seawater eutrophication, and prevent red tides.
  • mangroves have the function of purifying seawater and promoting siltation and beach protection
  • the mangrove forest forms a barrier on the beach, and the well-developed pillar roots accelerate the deposition of silt. With the development of mangrove communities to the outer edge, the land area gradually expanded.
  • Mangrove afforestation requires a certain amount of silt deposition and organic matter in the afforestation land, so that the afforestation saplings can grow normally, and there is almost no mud or only a small amount of sandy soil on the rocky beach surface, with only a few plants on the surface, which does not have the conditions for mangrove afforestation.
  • the conditions for mangrove growth must be created artificially.
  • the existing mangrove afforestation method is to first look for shallow beaches with an elevation not lower than sea level, gentle, sandy or deep silt as mangrove afforestation land, requiring afforestation land with low wind and waves, low tidal power, flat and silt basis. It is very difficult to carry out mangrove afforestation on the rocky beach surface lacking the foundation of silt beach by the existing technology.
  • the present invention provides a mangrove afforestation method and structure for coastal rocky beaches in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and solves the technical problem of mangrove afforestation on rocky beaches lacking a silt beach foundation.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a method for mangrove afforestation on coastal rocky beaches, which includes the following steps:
  • Planting mangrove seedlings Use the planting bag as a sapling container to cultivate mangrove seedlings, and put the mangrove seedling planting bag into the hollow brick.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood bags or sack filled with fillers; the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.2 to 1.8 meters and a height of 2 to 3 meters.
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 0.8 to 1.2 meters, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 35 to 65 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or organic-rich soil.
  • step S3 the densely laid grid-like hollow bricks are covered with a rope net for reinforcement, and the grid of the rope net is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow bricks.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length and width of 25 to 30 cm.
  • the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with a proper amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings;
  • the surface of the bag is covered with two layers of stones with a particle size of 1.5 to 2 cm or the bag mouth is tightly tied.
  • a mangrove afforestation structure for coastal rocky beaches which includes a three-sided enclosure made at the offshore end of a long rocky beach, and the rocky beach area enclosed by the enclosure is a mangrove afforestation area; A soil layer formed by soil bags is laid in the mangrove afforestation area, and a thick soil layer is accumulated on the soil layer. The thick soil layer is leveled to form a planting sample plot; on a flat, dry afforestation sample plot, a grid-like dense Hollow bricks are paved, and mangrove seedling planting bags are placed in the hollow bricks.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood bags or sack filled with fillers; the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.2 to 1.8 meters and a height of 2 to 3 meters.
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 0.8 to 1.2 meters, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 35 to 65 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or soil rich in organic matter.
  • the densely paved grid-shaped hollow bricks are covered with a reinforced rope net, and the grid of the rope net is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow brick.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length and width of 25 to 30 cm.
  • the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with a proper amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings; the surface of the planting bag is covered with Two layers of stones with a particle size of 1.5 to 2 cm may be tied tightly.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method for afforestation of coastal rocky beaches provided by the present invention realizes redistribution on the rocky beaches lacking the foundation of silt beaches through the steps of making fences, filling mud for land, laying hollow bricks, and planting mangrove seedlings. Forest afforestation.
  • the mangrove afforestation structure of the coastal rocky beach of the present invention effectively blocks silt and prevents wind and waves;
  • the mud bag in the soil layer reduces the fluidity of silt, prevents wind and waves from taking away the silt, and can ensure long-term mangrove plants Growth requirements;
  • the densely paved grid-shaped hollow bricks are reinforced by rope nets; by laying a layer of stones on the surface of the planting bag or tightening the bag mouth, the growth substrate is protected from being washed away by seawater; in summary, the coastal rock by the present invention
  • the mangrove afforestation method produced by the beach mangrove afforestation method has good stability, is not easy to be damaged by wind, waves, and silt, has a long service life, and has good mangrove growth conditions. It achieves the effect of high-efficiency and high-quality mangrove afforestation on the rocky beach .
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the mangrove afforestation method for coastal rocky beaches of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the mangrove afforestation structure of the coastal rock beach of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a method for mangrove afforestation on coastal rocky beaches on the one hand, including the following steps:
  • Making fence make a three-sided fence at the offshore end of a relatively flat strip of rocky beach.
  • the rocky beach area enclosed by the fence is a mangrove forestation area; the fence is used to block silt and prevent wind and waves. Reduce silt from being washed away by waves;
  • Planting mangrove seedlings Use the planting bag as a sapling container to cultivate mangrove seedlings, and put the mangrove seedling planting bag into the hollow brick.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood bags or sack filled with fillers; the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 2 meters.
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 0.8 meters, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 35 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or organic-rich soil.
  • the purpose of filling silt with bags is to reduce the fluidity of silt, prevent the silt from being carried away by wind and waves, and ensure the long-term growth of mangrove plants.
  • soil is used as the basis for afforestation, the soil is required to be rich in organic matter and basically free of debris such as large-size sand and gravel. Where silt is easily obtained in the surrounding area of afforestation land, the effect of backfilling with silt for afforestation is better.
  • step S3 the densely laid grid-like hollow bricks are covered with hemp rope nets or other rope nets for reinforcement, and the rope nets are fixed by wooden piles.
  • the nets formed by the grids of the rope nets and the holes of the hollow bricks The grids are the same size and aligned.
  • mangrove seedlings need to be selected: select 1-2 year-old mangrove seedlings with lush growth, no pests and diseases, and intact roots, stems and leaves, and the seedling production area is close to the afforestation area.
  • seedlings are cultivated, mature and plump seeds are selected to raise seedlings.
  • square non-woven planting bags are used as seedling containers to reduce root damage during transplanting and improve the survival rate of afforestation mangroves.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length of 25 cm in length and width, and the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with a proper amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings;
  • the surface of the planting bag is covered with two layers of stones with a diameter of 1.5 cm or the bag mouth is tightly tied.
  • FIG. 2 another aspect of this embodiment provides a mangrove afforestation structure for coastal rocky beaches, which includes a three-sided enclosure made at the offshore end of a relatively flat strip-shaped rocky beach.
  • the rocky beach area is a mangrove afforestation area; in the mangrove afforestation area, a soil layer formed by soil bags is laid, and a thick soil layer is accumulated on the soil layer.
  • the thick soil layer is leveled to form a planting sample plot;
  • the dry afforestation plot is densely covered with hollow bricks in a grid pattern, and mangrove seedling planting bags are placed in the hollow bricks.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood bags or sack bags filled with fillers;
  • the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 2 meters. Enclosures are used to block silt, prevent wind and waves, and reduce the erosion of silt away by waves;
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 0.8 meters, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 35 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or soil rich in organic matter.
  • Mud bags are bamboo baskets, non-woven woven bags or hemp rope bags filled with silt or more fertile soil; the purpose of filling silt with bags is to reduce the fluidity of silt, prevent wind and waves from taking silt away, and ensure long-term redness. Tree plant growth needs. If soil is used as the basis for afforestation, the soil is required to be rich in organic matter and basically free of debris such as large-size sand and gravel. Where silt is easily obtained in the surrounding area of afforestation land, the effect of backfilling with silt for afforestation is better.
  • the densely paved grid-like hollow bricks are covered with reinforced hemp rope nets or other rope nets, the rope nets are fixed by wooden stakes, and the grid of the rope nets is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow bricks .
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length of 25 cm and a width of 25 cm.
  • the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with an appropriate amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings; There are two layers of pebbles with a diameter of 1.5 cm or the bag mouth is tightly tied.
  • this embodiment provides a method for mangrove afforestation on coastal rocky beaches on the one hand, including the following steps:
  • Making fence make a three-sided fence at the offshore end of a relatively flat strip of rocky beach.
  • the rocky beach area enclosed by the fence is a mangrove forestation area; the fence is used to block silt and prevent wind and waves. Reduce silt from being washed away by waves;
  • Planting mangrove seedlings Use the planting bag as a sapling container to cultivate mangrove seedlings, and put the mangrove seedling planting bag into the hollow brick.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood-proof bags or sacks filled with fillers; the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.5 meters and a height of 2.5 meters.
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 1 meter, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 50 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or organic-rich soil.
  • the purpose of filling silt with bags is to reduce the fluidity of silt, prevent the silt from being carried away by wind and waves, and ensure the long-term growth of mangrove plants.
  • soil is used as the basis for afforestation, the soil is required to be rich in organic matter and basically free of debris such as large-size sand and gravel. Where silt is easily obtained in the surrounding area of afforestation land, the effect of backfilling with silt for afforestation is better.
  • step S3 the densely laid grid-like hollow bricks are covered with hemp rope nets or other rope nets for reinforcement, and the grid of the rope nets is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow bricks.
  • mangrove seedlings need to be selected: select 1-2 year-old mangrove seedlings with lush growth, no pests and diseases, and intact roots, stems and leaves, and the seedling production area is close to the afforestation area.
  • seedlings are cultivated, mature and plump seeds are selected to raise seedlings.
  • square non-woven planting bags are used as seedling containers to reduce root damage during transplanting and improve the survival rate of afforestation mangroves.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length and width of 27.5 cm.
  • the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with appropriate nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings;
  • the surface of the planting bag is covered with two layers of stones with a diameter of 1.75 cm or the bag mouth is tightly tied.
  • FIG. 2 another aspect of this embodiment provides a mangrove afforestation structure for coastal rocky beaches, which includes a three-sided enclosure made at the offshore end of a relatively flat strip-shaped rocky beach.
  • the rocky beach area is a mangrove afforestation area; in the mangrove afforestation area, a soil layer formed by soil bags is laid, and a thick soil layer is accumulated on the soil layer.
  • the thick soil layer is leveled to form a planting sample plot;
  • the dry afforestation plot is densely covered with hollow bricks in a grid pattern, and mangrove seedling planting bags are placed in the hollow bricks.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood bags or sack filled with fillers;
  • the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.5 meters and a height of 2.5 meters. Enclosures are used to block silt, prevent wind and waves, and reduce the erosion of silt away by waves;
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 1 meter, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 50 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or soil rich in organic matter.
  • Mud bags are bamboo baskets, non-woven woven bags or hemp rope bags filled with silt or more fertile soil; the purpose of filling silt with bags is to reduce the fluidity of silt, prevent wind and waves from taking silt away, and ensure long-term redness. Tree plant growth needs. If soil is used as the basis for afforestation, the soil is required to be rich in organic matter and basically free of debris such as large-size sand and gravel. Where silt is easily obtained in the surrounding area of afforestation land, the effect of backfilling with silt for afforestation is better.
  • the densely paved grid-like hollow bricks are covered with reinforced hemp rope nets or other rope nets, and the grid of the rope nets is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow bricks.
  • 1-2 year-old mangrove seedlings with lush growth, no diseases and insect pests, and complete roots, stems and leaves are selected, and the seedling production area is close to the afforestation area.
  • seedlings are cultivated, mature and plump seeds are selected to raise seedlings.
  • square non-woven planting bags are used as seedling containers to reduce root damage during transplanting and improve the survival rate of afforestation mangroves.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length and width of 27.5 cm.
  • the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with an appropriate amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings; the surface of the planting bag is spread There are two layers of stones with a particle size of 1.75 cm or the mouth of the bag is tightly tied.
  • this embodiment provides a method for mangrove afforestation on coastal rocky beaches on the one hand, including the following steps:
  • Making fence make a three-sided fence at the offshore end of a relatively flat strip of rocky beach.
  • the rocky beach area enclosed by the fence is a mangrove forestation area; the fence is used to block silt and prevent wind and waves. Reduce silt from being washed away by waves;
  • Planting mangrove seedlings Use the planting bag as a sapling container to cultivate mangrove seedlings, and put the mangrove seedling planting bag into the hollow brick.
  • the enclosure is made of sandbags, flood bags or sack filled with fillers; the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.8 meters and a height of 3 meters.
  • the thickness of the soil layer is 1.2 meters, and the thickness of the thick soil layer is 65 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or organic-rich soil.
  • the purpose of filling silt with bags is to reduce the fluidity of silt, prevent the silt from being carried away by wind and waves, and ensure the long-term growth of mangrove plants.
  • soil is used as the basis for afforestation, the soil is required to be rich in organic matter and basically free of debris such as large-size sand and gravel. Where silt is easily obtained in the surrounding area of afforestation land, the effect of backfilling with silt for afforestation is better.
  • step S3 the densely laid grid-like hollow bricks are covered with rope nets for reinforcement, and the grid of the rope nets is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow bricks.
  • mangrove seedlings need to be selected: select 1-2 year-old mangrove seedlings with lush growth, no pests and diseases, and intact roots, stems and leaves, and the seedling production area is close to the afforestation area.
  • seedlings are cultivated, mature and plump seeds are selected to raise seedlings.
  • square non-woven planting bags are used as seedling containers to reduce root damage during transplanting and improve the survival rate of afforestation mangroves.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length of 30 cm in length and width, and the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with a proper amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings;
  • the surface of the planting bag is covered with two layers of stones with a diameter of 2 cm or the bag mouth is tightly tied.
  • the present embodiment provides a mangrove afforestation structure for coastal rocky beaches on the other hand, including a three-sided enclosure 1 made at the offshore end of a relatively flat elongated rocky beach 10.
  • the enclosed rock beach area is a mangrove afforestation area; the mangrove afforestation area is laid with a soil layer formed by soil bags 2.
  • a thick soil layer is accumulated on the soil layer 3.
  • the thick soil layer is leveled to form a forestry sample Ground; on a flat and dry afforestation plot, densely covered with hollow bricks 4 in a grid pattern, the hollow bricks 4 are placed with mangrove seedling planting bags (not shown in the figure).
  • the enclosure 1 is made of sandbags, flood protection bags or sack filled with fillers; the belt-shaped main body of the enclosure has a width of 1.8 meters and a height of 3 meters. Enclosures are used to block silt, prevent wind and waves, and reduce the erosion of silt away by waves;
  • the thickness of the soil layer 2 is 1.2 meters, and the thickness of the thick soil layer 3 is 65 cm; the soil bag is filled with silt or soil rich in organic matter.
  • Mud bags are bamboo baskets, non-woven woven bags or hemp rope bags filled with silt or more fertile soil; the purpose of filling silt with bags is to reduce the fluidity of silt, prevent wind and waves from taking silt away, and ensure long-term redness. Tree plant growth needs. If soil is used as the basis for afforestation, the soil is required to be rich in organic matter and basically free of debris such as large-size sand and gravel. Where silt is easily obtained in the surrounding area of afforestation land, the effect of backfilling with silt for afforestation is better.
  • the densely paved grid-shaped hollow brick 4 is covered with a reinforcing rope net, and the grid of the rope net is the same size and aligned with the grid formed by the holes of the hollow brick 4.
  • 1-2 year-old mangrove seedlings with lush growth, no diseases and insect pests, and complete roots, stems and leaves are selected, and the seedling production area is close to the afforestation area.
  • seedlings are cultivated, mature and plump seeds are selected to raise seedlings.
  • square non-woven planting bags are used as seedling containers to reduce root damage during transplanting and improve the survival rate of afforestation mangroves.
  • the planting bag is a square non-woven planting bag with a length of 30 cm and a width of 30 cm.
  • the planting bag is filled with silt or planting soil and mixed with an appropriate amount of nutrient fertilizer to serve as a growth substrate for mangrove seedlings; the surface of the planting bag is spread There are two layers of stones with a diameter of 2 cm or the mouth of the bag is tightly tied.
  • the mangrove species selected for afforestation can be species that are resistant to soaking and high-salinity growth, such as Avicennia marina, Tung Blossom, Kandelia candel, and Red sea olive.
  • Avicennia marina a marina
  • Tung Blossom a marina
  • Kandelia candel a marina
  • Red sea olive a marina
  • the mangrove species selected for afforestation Before transplanting to afforestation, it is irrigated with water with the same salinity of the seawater in the afforestation area for 20-30 days. It can be planted by random mixed planting of varieties, planting fast-growing 2-3 year-old mangrove seedlings on the outer edge of the afforestation land.
  • the planting density is 1.5mX1.5m.
  • the mangrove afforestation structure of the above embodiments is more stable, not easily damaged by wind, waves and silt, has a long service life, and has good mangrove growth conditions, and achieves high efficiency and high quality on the rocky beach.
  • the effect of mangrove afforestation is more stable, not easily damaged by wind, waves and silt, has a long service life, and has good mangrove growth conditions, and achieves high efficiency and high quality on the rocky beach.

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Abstract

一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法及结构，方法包括如下步骤：S1.制作围挡（1）：在长条形岩石滩（10）的近海端制作三面包围形状的围挡（1），围挡（1）围住的岩石滩（10）区域为红树造林区域；S2.填泥造地：在红树造林区域铺设泥土袋子，形成泥土层（2），在泥土层（2）上堆积泥土，形成厚土层（3），用钩机勾平，形成造林样地；S3.铺设空心砖（4）：在平整并晾晒干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺空心砖（4）；S4.种植红树苗：用种植袋作为树苗容器培育红树苗，将红树苗种植袋放入空心砖（4）中。

Description

一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法与结构 技术领域
本发明涉及红树造林技术领域，尤其涉及一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法与结构。
背景技术
红树林具有非常重要的防风消浪生态效益，促淤保滩、固岸护堤、净化海水和空气。组织良好的根系能够有效地保留来自陆地的沙子并减少沿海水域的含沙量，茂密而高大的树枝如同绿色的墙壁，有效抵抗风浪。因此，保护和修复日渐消亡红树林，在海岸带人工造林，具有重要意义。
红树植物在生态保护方面的重要性如下：
第一、红树林是重要的海洋生态系统；
由于红树林具有热带、亚热带河口地区湿地生态系统的典型特征以及特殊的咸淡水交迭的生态环境，为众多的鱼、虾、蟹、水禽和候鸟提供了栖息和觅食的场所。因此，红树林蕴藏着丰富的生物资源和物种多样性。
第二、红树林具有海岸防护的作用；
红树植物的根系十分发达，盘根错节屹立于滩涂之中。红树林对海浪和潮汐的冲击有着很强的适应能力，可以护堤固滩、防风浪冲击、保护农田、降低盐害侵袭，对保护海岸起着重要的作用，为内陆的天然屏障，有“海岸卫士”之称。可净化海水，吸收污染物，降低海水富营养化程度，防止赤潮发生。
第二、红树林具有海水净化和促淤保滩的作用；
红树林在海滩上形成了一道樊篱，发达的支柱根加速了淤泥的沉积作用。随着红树群落向外缘发展，陆地面积也逐渐扩大。
红树人工造林需要造林地有一定的淤泥沉积和有机质，造林树苗才能正常生长，而岩石滩面几乎没有泥土或只有少量沙质土，表面仅有少量的 植物，不具备红树林造林的条件，必须通过人工创造红树生长的条件。
现有红树造林方式是先寻找高程不低于海平面的、平缓而具有沙质或较深厚淤泥的浅海滩涂作为红树造林地，要求造林地风浪较小，潮汐动力较小，平坦且具有淤泥基础。通过现有技术在缺少淤泥滩涂基础的岩石滩面进行红树林造林十分困难。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术的不足而提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法与结构，解决了在缺少淤泥滩涂基础的岩石滩面进行红树林造林的技术问题。
本发明为解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为：
本发明一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.制作围挡：在长条形岩石滩的近海端制作三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；
S2.填泥造地：在红树造林区域铺设泥土袋子，形成泥土层，在泥土层上堆积泥土，形成厚土层，厚土层用钩机勾平，形成造林样地；
S3.铺设空心砖：在经平整并晾晒干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺空心砖；
S4.种植红树苗：用种植袋作为树苗容器培育红树苗，将红树苗种植袋放入空心砖中。
进一步地，在步骤S1中，围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.2至1.8米，高度为2至3米。
进一步地，在步骤S2中，所述泥土层的厚度为0.8至1.2米，所述厚土层的厚度为35至65厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。
进一步地，在步骤S3中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖绳网进行加 固，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
进一步地，在步骤S4中，所述种植袋为长宽为25至30厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺两层粒径1.5至2厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
本发明另一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，包括在长条形岩石滩的近海端制作的三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；在红树造林区域铺设有由泥土袋形成的泥土层，在泥土层上堆积有厚土层，厚土层被勾平后形成造林样地；在平整、干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺有空心砖，空心砖中放置有红树苗种植袋。
进一步地，所述围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.2至1.8米，高度为2至3米。
进一步地，所述泥土层的厚度为0.8至1.2米，所述厚土层的厚度为35至65厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。
进一步地，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖有加固绳网，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
进一步地，所述种植袋为长宽为25至30厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺有两层粒径1.5至2厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明所提供的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法通过制作围挡、填泥造地、铺设空心砖、种植红树苗的步骤实现在缺少淤泥滩涂基础的岩石滩面进行红树林造林，本发明的海岸岩滩的红树造林结构通过围挡有效挡淤泥、防风浪；通过泥土层的泥土袋子减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，可保证长时间的红树植物生长需求；通过绳网加固密铺后的网格状空心砖；通过在种植袋表面铺设石子层或扎紧袋口，保护生长基质避免被海水冲刷带走；综上，通过本发明所的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法制造的红树造林结构稳固性能好，不易被风浪、淤泥破坏，使用寿命 长，红树林生长条件良好，实现高效率、高品质地在岩石滩面进行红树林造林的效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法的流程示意图；
图2是本发明的海岸岩滩的红树造林结构的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图具体阐明本发明的实施方式，附图仅供参考和说明使用，不构成对本发明专利保护范围的限制。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.制作围挡：在较平坦的长条形岩石滩的近海端制作三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；围挡用于挡淤泥、防风浪，减少海浪冲刷带走淤泥；
S2.填泥造地：在红树造林区域铺设泥土袋子，形成泥土层，在泥土层上堆积泥土，形成厚土层，厚土层用钩机勾平，形成造林样地；泥土袋子为填充有淤泥或较肥沃的泥土的竹子箩筐、无纺布编织袋或麻绳袋；
S3.铺设空心砖：在经平整并晾晒干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺空心砖；空心砖采用双孔方形水泥预制砖。
S4.种植红树苗：用种植袋作为树苗容器培育红树苗，将红树苗种植袋放入空心砖中。
在本实施例中，在步骤S1中，围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.2米，高度为2米。
在本实施例中，在步骤S2中，所述泥土层的厚度为0.8米，所述厚 土层的厚度为35厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。用袋子填装淤泥的目的是减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，保证长时间的红树植物生长需求。若使用泥土作为造林基础，要求泥土富含有机质，基本不含大粒径砂石等杂物。在造林地周边区域容易取得淤泥的，用淤泥回填造林效果更好。
在本实施例中，在步骤S3中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖麻绳网或其他绳网进行加固，绳网通过木桩固定，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
在步骤S4之前，还需选取红树苗：选取生长茂盛、无病虫害、根茎叶完整的1-2年生红树苗，种苗产地与造林地就近。培育种苗采种时选取成熟饱满的种子育苗，成苗后用方形无纺布种植袋作为树苗容器培育，以减少移栽时对根部的损伤，提高造林红树的成活率。
在本实施例中，在步骤S4中，所述种植袋为长宽为25厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺两层粒径1.5厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
如图2所示，本实施例另一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，包括在较平坦的长条形岩石滩的近海端制作的三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；在红树造林区域铺设有由泥土袋形成的泥土层，在泥土层上堆积有厚土层，厚土层被勾平后形成造林样地；在平整、干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺有空心砖，空心砖中放置有红树苗种植袋。
在本实施例中，所述围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.2米，高度为2米。围挡用于挡淤泥、防风浪，减少海浪冲刷带走淤泥；
在本实施例中，所述泥土层的厚度为0.8米，所述厚土层的厚度为35厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。泥土袋为填充有 淤泥或较肥沃的泥土的竹子箩筐、无纺布编织袋或麻绳袋；用袋子填装淤泥的目的是减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，保证长时间的红树植物生长需求。若使用泥土作为造林基础，要求泥土富含有机质，基本不含大粒径砂石等杂物。在造林地周边区域容易取得淤泥的，用淤泥回填造林效果更好。
在本实施例中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖有加固麻绳网或其他绳网，绳网通过木桩固定，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
在本实施例中，选取生长茂盛、无病虫害、根茎叶完整的1-2年生红树苗，种苗产地与造林地就近。培育种苗采种时选取成熟饱满的种子育苗，成苗后用方形无纺布种植袋作为树苗容器培育，以减少移栽时对根部的损伤，提高造林红树的成活率。在本实施例中，所述种植袋为长宽为25厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺有两层粒径1.5厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
实施例2
如图1所示，本实施例一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.制作围挡：在较平坦的长条形岩石滩的近海端制作三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；围挡用于挡淤泥、防风浪，减少海浪冲刷带走淤泥；
S2.填泥造地：在红树造林区域铺设泥土袋子，形成泥土层，在泥土层上堆积泥土，形成厚土层，厚土层用钩机勾平，形成造林样地；泥土袋子为填充有淤泥或较肥沃的泥土的竹子箩筐、无纺布编织袋或麻绳袋；
S3.铺设空心砖：在经平整并晾晒干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺空心砖；空心砖采用双孔方形水泥预制砖。
S4.种植红树苗：用种植袋作为树苗容器培育红树苗，将红树苗种植袋放入空心砖中。
在本实施例中，在步骤S1中，围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.5米，高度为2.5米。
在本实施例中，在步骤S2中，所述泥土层的厚度为1米，所述厚土层的厚度为50厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。用袋子填装淤泥的目的是减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，保证长时间的红树植物生长需求。若使用泥土作为造林基础，要求泥土富含有机质，基本不含大粒径砂石等杂物。在造林地周边区域容易取得淤泥的，用淤泥回填造林效果更好。
在本实施例中，在步骤S3中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖麻绳网或其他绳网进行加固，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
在步骤S4之前，还需选取红树苗：选取生长茂盛、无病虫害、根茎叶完整的1-2年生红树苗，种苗产地与造林地就近。培育种苗采种时选取成熟饱满的种子育苗，成苗后用方形无纺布种植袋作为树苗容器培育，以减少移栽时对根部的损伤，提高造林红树的成活率。
在本实施例中，在步骤S4中，所述种植袋为长宽为27.5厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺两层粒径1.75厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
如图2所示，本实施例另一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，包括在较平坦的长条形岩石滩的近海端制作的三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；在红树造林区域铺设有由泥土袋形成的泥土层，在泥土层上堆积有厚土层，厚土层被勾平后形成造林样地；在平整、干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺有空心砖，空心砖中放置有红树苗种植袋。
在本实施例中，所述围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.5米，高度为2.5米。围挡用于挡淤泥、防风浪，减少海浪冲刷带走淤泥；
在本实施例中，所述泥土层的厚度为1米，所述厚土层的厚度为50厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。泥土袋为填充有淤泥或较肥沃的泥土的竹子箩筐、无纺布编织袋或麻绳袋；用袋子填装淤泥的目的是减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，保证长时间的红树植物生长需求。若使用泥土作为造林基础，要求泥土富含有机质，基本不含大粒径砂石等杂物。在造林地周边区域容易取得淤泥的，用淤泥回填造林效果更好。
在本实施例中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖有加固麻绳网或其他绳网，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
在本实施例中，选取生长茂盛、无病虫害、根茎叶完整的1-2年生红树苗，种苗产地与造林地就近。培育种苗采种时选取成熟饱满的种子育苗，成苗后用方形无纺布种植袋作为树苗容器培育，以减少移栽时对根部的损伤，提高造林红树的成活率。
在本实施例中，所述种植袋为长宽为27.5厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺有两层粒径1.75厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
实施例3
如图1所示，本实施例一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.制作围挡：在较平坦的长条形岩石滩的近海端制作三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；围挡用于挡淤泥、防风浪，减少海浪冲刷带走淤泥；
S2.填泥造地：在红树造林区域铺设泥土袋子，形成泥土层，在泥土 层上堆积泥土，形成厚土层，厚土层用钩机勾平，形成造林样地；泥土袋子为填充有淤泥或较肥沃的泥土的竹子箩筐、无纺布编织袋或麻绳袋；
S3.铺设空心砖：在经平整并晾晒干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺空心砖；空心砖采用双孔方形水泥预制砖。
S4.种植红树苗：用种植袋作为树苗容器培育红树苗，将红树苗种植袋放入空心砖中。
在本实施例中，在步骤S1中，围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.8米，高度为3米。
在本实施例中，在步骤S2中，所述泥土层的厚度为1.2米，所述厚土层的厚度为65厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。用袋子填装淤泥的目的是减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，保证长时间的红树植物生长需求。若使用泥土作为造林基础，要求泥土富含有机质，基本不含大粒径砂石等杂物。在造林地周边区域容易取得淤泥的，用淤泥回填造林效果更好。
在本实施例中，在步骤S3中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖绳网进行加固，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
在步骤S4之前，还需选取红树苗：选取生长茂盛、无病虫害、根茎叶完整的1-2年生红树苗，种苗产地与造林地就近。培育种苗采种时选取成熟饱满的种子育苗，成苗后用方形无纺布种植袋作为树苗容器培育，以减少移栽时对根部的损伤，提高造林红树的成活率。
在本实施例中，在步骤S4中，所述种植袋为长宽为30厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺两层粒径2厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
如图2所示，本实施例另一方面提供一种海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，包括在较平坦的长条形岩石滩10的近海端制作的三面包围形状的围挡1，围挡1围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；在红树造林区域铺设有由泥土 袋形成的泥土层2，在泥土层上堆积有厚土层3，厚土层被勾平后形成造林样地；在平整、干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺有空心砖4，空心砖4中放置有红树苗种植袋(图中未示出)。
在本实施例中，所述围挡1用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.8米，高度为3米。围挡用于挡淤泥、防风浪，减少海浪冲刷带走淤泥；
在本实施例中，所述泥土层2的厚度为1.2米，所述厚土层3的厚度为65厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。泥土袋为填充有淤泥或较肥沃的泥土的竹子箩筐、无纺布编织袋或麻绳袋；用袋子填装淤泥的目的是减少淤泥的流动性，防止风浪带走淤泥，保证长时间的红树植物生长需求。若使用泥土作为造林基础，要求泥土富含有机质，基本不含大粒径砂石等杂物。在造林地周边区域容易取得淤泥的，用淤泥回填造林效果更好。
在本实施例中，密铺后的网格状空心砖4上覆盖有加固绳网，绳网的网格与空心砖4砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
在本实施例中，选取生长茂盛、无病虫害、根茎叶完整的1-2年生红树苗，种苗产地与造林地就近。培育种苗采种时选取成熟饱满的种子育苗，成苗后用方形无纺布种植袋作为树苗容器培育，以减少移栽时对根部的损伤，提高造林红树的成活率。
在本实施例中，所述种植袋为长宽为30厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺有两层粒径2厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
在本实施例中，选取造林的红树品种可采用白骨壤、桐花、秋茄、红海榄等耐浸泡、耐高盐度生长的品种。移栽到造林前经过与造林地海水盐度相同的配制水浇灌20-30天。可采用品种随机混合种植的方法造林，造林地外缘种植速生2-3年生红树苗，较佳的，种植密度为1.5mX1.5m。
经过对比发现，通过上述实施例尤其是实施例2的红树林造林结构更为稳固，不易被风浪、淤泥破坏，使用寿命长，红树林生长条件良好，实现高效率、高品质地在岩石滩面进行红树林造林的效果。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1.制作围挡：在长条形岩石滩的近海端制作三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林区域；
    S2.填泥造地：在红树造林区域铺设泥土袋子，形成泥土层，在泥土层上堆积泥土，形成厚土层，厚土层用钩机勾平，形成造林样地；
    S3.铺设空心砖：在经平整并晾晒干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺空心砖；
    S4.种植红树苗：用种植袋作为树苗容器培育红树苗，将红树苗种植袋放入空心砖中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，其特征在于：
    在步骤S1中，围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.2至1.8米，高度为2至3米。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，其特征在于：
    在步骤S2中，所述泥土层的厚度为0.8至1.2米，所述厚土层的厚度为35至65厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，其特征在于：
    在步骤S3中，密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖绳网进行加固，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林方法，其特征在于：
    在步骤S4中，所述种植袋为长宽为25至30厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺两层粒径1.5至2厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
  6. 一种海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，其特征在于：包括在长条形岩石滩的近海端制作的三面包围形状的围挡，围挡围住的岩石滩区域为红树造林 区域；在红树造林区域铺设有由泥土袋形成的泥土层，在泥土层上堆积有厚土层，厚土层被勾平后形成造林样地；在平整、干燥的造林样地上以网格状密铺有空心砖，空心砖中放置有红树苗种植袋。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，其特征在于：
    所述围挡用填充有填充物的沙袋、防汛袋或麻袋制成；围挡的带状主体部的宽度为1.2至1.8米，高度为2至3米。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，其特征在于：
    所述泥土层的厚度为0.8至1.2米，所述厚土层的厚度为35至65厘米；所述泥土袋子中填装有淤泥或富含有机物的泥土。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，其特征在于：
    密铺后的网格状空心砖上覆盖有加固绳网，绳网的网格与空心砖砖孔形成的网格大小一致并对齐。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的海岸岩滩的红树造林结构，其特征在于：
    所述种植袋为长宽为25至30厘米的方形无纺布种植袋，种植袋中填充淤泥或种植土，并拌适量营养肥，作为红树苗生长基质；种植袋的表面铺有两层粒径1.5至2厘米的石子或被扎紧袋口。
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