WO2020220558A1 - 实现llc谐振变换器多步调频的数字控制方法 - Google Patents
实现llc谐振变换器多步调频的数字控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020220558A1 WO2020220558A1 PCT/CN2019/105483 CN2019105483W WO2020220558A1 WO 2020220558 A1 WO2020220558 A1 WO 2020220558A1 CN 2019105483 W CN2019105483 W CN 2019105483W WO 2020220558 A1 WO2020220558 A1 WO 2020220558A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the invention discloses a digital control method for realizing multi-step frequency modulation of an LLC resonant converter, relates to the control technology of the LLC resonant converter, and belongs to the technical field of power generation, transformation and power distribution.
- the increase of microprocessor operation speed requires the power supply to have the characteristics of high output current change rate and extremely small voltage fluctuation range.
- the dynamic response becomes an important parameter of the LLC resonant converter. This parameter requires the LLC resonant half-bridge converter to reach a steady state in a short period of time when the input voltage or output load jumps.
- the compensation amplifier has a phase shift of 180° because it works in a negative feedback state, and the phase shift left to the power compensation network is 180°, which can improve the dynamic response performance is limited.
- Digital control has the advantages of insensitivity to external interference, convenient function expansion, easy implementation of system upgrades and various control algorithms. It is a current research hotspot and will continue to be studied in the future.
- Direction. The digital control does not increase the peripheral circuit, and adds a compensation link to optimize the performance of the algorithm on the basis of the PFC algorithm.
- An optimization algorithm is to introduce the vector rotation method of motor control to generate the sine wave required for harmonic compensation.
- the digital control method is more accurate. Compared with the circuit compensation method, the dynamic response speed is improved. However, the algorithm complexity is greatly improved, and it still cannot meet the requirements of fast response in some demanding applications.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a digital control method for realizing multi-step frequency modulation of LLC resonant converter in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the background technology, improve the dynamic response speed of LLC converter with a relatively simple circuit structure, and solve the existing LLC resonance
- the digital control scheme of the converter cannot simultaneously meet the technical problems of simple circuit structure, high integration, and accurate and effective rapid response at high frequencies.
- a digital control method of multi-step frequency modulation of LLC resonant converter is realized.
- a digital control system composed of voltage sampling circuit, microcontroller-based control circuit and isolated drive circuit performs stepwise frequency modulation on LLC resonant converter to stabilize its output.
- the LLC converter When the LLC converter is in a stable working state, the input voltage or output load changes will cause the output voltage V O to fluctuate.
- the voltage value on the voltage divider resistor is collected by the voltage sampling circuit, and the control circuit with the microcontroller as the core samples Value V O 'obtained by analog-to-digital conversion and amplification processing, compare V O ' with the set value, and calculate the frequency corresponding to the maximum gain or minimum gain value when the deviation between V O 'and the set value exceeds the allowable value. Switch to this frequency point, and when the deviation between V O 'and the set value is less than the allowable value, the converter is controlled to work at the required switching frequency. After multiple switching cycles, the gradual adjustment can realize the stable operation of the LLC converter at the required switching frequency. , And then perform PI adjustment on the difference between V O 'and the set value of each switching cycle, and finally stabilize the output voltage, and the LLC converter is in a stable working state again, which specifically includes the following steps:
- the steady-state LLC converter will cause the output voltage to drop when the input voltage V IN decreases.
- the voltage sampling circuit collects the voltage V O 'on the voltage divider resistor, and passes the voltage value through the sampling line through the digital analog Converted into digital signal and stored in logic control unit;
- the logic control unit compares V O 'with the set value V O. When the difference is greater than the set allowable value ⁇ line, the frequency value f at the maximum gain is calculated according to the gain function obtained by the fundamental wave analysis method. 0 , and switch to work at this frequency until the end of the cycle;
- the sampling circuit transmits the sampled output voltage to the logic control unit in the same way.
- the logic control unit compares V O 'with the set value V O. When the difference is less than the set allowable value ⁇ V, change the work Frequency to the required operating frequency f 1 ;
- the equivalent resistance of the primary side R ac , the equivalent resistance from the secondary side to the primary side,
- the whole control scheme is realized by adopting a control circuit with a microcontroller as the core, which realizes the effective dynamic response of the LLC converter with a lower cost and a smaller volume and price.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of digital control for improving the dynamic response of a half-bridge LLC resonant converter in the prior art.
- Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a digital control method for realizing multi-step frequency modulation of LLC resonant half-bridge converter according to the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-step frequency modulation LLC resonant half-bridge converter
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the working method of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram of the driving signal of the microcontroller control gate of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a graph of the response speed of the present invention and the general method.
- 1 is a voltage sampling circuit
- 2 is a control circuit with a microcontroller as the core
- 3 is an isolated drive circuit
- Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are switch tubes
- D 1 , C 1 are The body diode and parasitic capacitance of the switch tube Q 1 , D 2 and C 2 are the body diode and parasitic capacitance of the switch tube Q 2
- D 3 and C 3 are the body diode and parasitic capacitance of the switch tube Q 3
- D 4 , C 4 Is the body diode and parasitic capacitance of the switching tube Q 4
- C IN is the input voltage regulation capacitor
- L r is the resonance inductance
- C r is the resonance capacitance
- L m is the magnetizing inductance
- C o is the output capacitance
- Ro is the output resistance.
- the prior art proposes a digital control method for improving the dynamic response speed of a half-bridge LLC resonant converter.
- a compensation link is added to construct a PFC controller based on the average current control mode.
- the part includes two links: voltage loop and current loop.
- the half-bridge LLC resonant converter shown in Figure 3 includes: a half-bridge structure composed of a switching tube Q 1 and its body diode D 1 , a parasitic capacitance C 1 and a switching tube Q 2 and its body diode D 2 , and a parasitic capacitance C 2 ,
- the input voltage stabilizing capacitor C IN connected to the input end of the half-bridge structure
- the LLC branch connected between the midpoint of the half-bridge structure bridge arm and the negative terminal of the DC power supply, the transformer, the switch Q 3 and its body diode D 3 , and parasitic
- the secondary side synchronous rectifier circuit composed of capacitor C 3 and switch tube Q 4 and its body diode D 4 , parasitic capacitance C 4 , output capacitor C o and output resistance Ro connected to the output of the secondary side rectifier circuit, LLC branch is resonant
- the inductance L r , the magnetizing inductance L m , and the resonant capacitor C r are connected in series.
- the digital control system proposed by the present invention for the half-bridge LLC converter shown in Fig. 3 to realize its multi-step frequency modulation is shown in Fig. 4, including: a voltage sampling circuit 1, a control circuit centered on a microcontroller 2, an isolated drive Circuit 3.
- the voltage sampling circuit 1 includes: resistor R 1 , resistor R 2 , sampling wiring, one end of the resistor R 1 is connected to the output voltage Vout, the other end of the resistor R 1 and one end of the resistor R 2 are connected in parallel as the voltage sampling point, the resistor The other end of R 2 is connected to the ground terminal GND, and the voltage sampling circuit 1 collects the voltage at the sampling point of the output voltage and then outputs the measured value to the control circuit 2 with a microcontroller as the core.
- the control circuit 2 with a microcontroller as the core is used to generate the control signal of the primary side switch tube with a certain period and duty cycle and the control signal of the secondary side synchronous rectifier MOS tube with a certain period and duty cycle.
- the circuit specifically includes: ADC, logic control unit and timer.
- the input terminal of ADC is connected to the output voltage sampling point.
- ADC outputs the sampled value of the converter's actual output voltage to the input terminal of the logic control unit.
- the logic control unit is based on the actual output voltage of the converter.
- the timer receives the switching frequency of the current switching cycle output by the logic control unit and then outputs a control signal with a certain duty cycle according to the accepted switching frequency to isolate the input of the drive circuit
- the isolation drive circuit amplifies the received control signal to obtain the drive signal of the primary side switch tube and the drive signal of the secondary side switch tube.
- the isolation drive circuit outputs the drive signal of the primary side switch tube to the switch tube Q 1 the gate, the gate of the switch Q 2, the isolating switch drive signal driving the output to the secondary side circuit of the switching gate of Q 3, Q 4 of the gate of the switch.
- the sampled output voltage is analyzed to obtain VO as the required value, and the sampled voltage is:
- R 1 and R 2 respectively represent the resistance of the resistors R 1 and R 2 in the voltage sampling circuit 1
- V out is the output voltage
- V sense is the voltage sampling value input to the input of the control circuit 2 with the microcontroller as the core .
- the microcontroller can detect its changing direction and make calculations based on the results, and control the frequency cut and switch on and off.
- the equivalent resistance of the primary side R ac , the equivalent resistance from the secondary side to the primary side,
- the microcontroller When the input voltage V IN drops, the output voltage V out drops due to too little energy transmission in a short period of time. From equation (1), it can be seen that the sampling voltage V sense will also decrease.
- the microcontroller When the processed voltage V O ' Comparison of fixed values, when the difference between the two
- the output voltage is controlled cycle by cycle. The output voltage keeps dropping. After several cycles, compare the processed voltage V O 'with the set value. When the difference
- the frequency of the gate drive signal is the operating frequency f before the voltage drops, and the LLC converter works under this condition; after a few cycles, it enters the PI regulation link to finally stabilize the output voltage.
- the microcontroller obtains the minimum switching frequency f according to the difference
- the output voltage is controlled cycle by cycle. The output voltage keeps dropping. After several cycles, compare the processed voltage V O 'with the set value.
- the microcontroller When the difference
- the frequency of the gate drive signal is the operating frequency f before the load rises, and the LLC converter works under this condition; after several cycles, it enters the PI regulation link, and finally stabilizes the output voltage.
- the input energy is transferred to the output voltage stabilizing capacitor C O in addition to the load required, causing the output voltage V out to rise; from equation (1), the same sampling voltage V sense Will increase.
- the microcontroller obtains the maximum value by the fundamental wave analysis method according to the difference
- the output voltage is controlled cycle by cycle. The output voltage keeps dropping. After several cycles, compare the processed voltage V O 'with the set value.
- the microcontroller When the difference
- the frequency of the gate drive signal is the operating frequency f before the load drops, and the LLC converter works under this condition; after several cycles, it enters the PI regulation link, and finally stabilizes the output voltage.
- Output voltage regulation process of the present invention is shown in Figure 5: at time t 1, the input voltage drops cause the output voltage drop, and a sampling circuit microcontroller starts operation; at time t 2, by the microcontroller via a driver circuit isolation Output the gate drive signal corresponding to the minimum switching frequency f min , and work for several cycles at this frequency; at t 3 , the microcontroller controls the converter to work at the required switching frequency f; at t 4 , enter the PI adjustment link Voltage stabilization; Finally, the voltage stabilization adjustment process is completed at t 5 , and the LLC converter works again in a steady state.
- the duty cycle signals of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 of the LLC converter of the present invention are shown in Fig. 6.
- the two switching tubes are turned on alternately and have a certain dead time.
- the microcontroller controls the gate drive signal for frequency-cutting operation, The switching cycle changes; after a few cycles, the microcontroller restores the switching frequency; finally it reaches a steady state.
- the dynamic response speed comparison diagram of the universal method and the multi-step frequency modulation control method proposed by the present invention is shown in Figure 7. It can be seen that the present invention realizes multi-step frequency modulation so that the input energy can be faster (or slower, depending on The input terminal voltage or output terminal load change mode) speed compensation to the output terminal, thereby improving the dynamic response speed.
- the embodiment uses a half-bridge LCC resonant converter as an example to illustrate the digital implementation of the multi-step frequency modulation of the present application.
- the digital control method proposed in this application can also be applied to a full-bridge LCC resonant converter.
- the foregoing embodiments are exemplary descriptions. Should be regarded as a restriction on the scope of protection of this application.
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Abstract
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Claims (6)
- 实现LLC谐振变换器多步调频的数字控制方法,其特征在于,在LLC谐振变换器需要调频的情形出现后的若干开关周期内,比较当前开关周期的输出电压采样值和设定值,在当前开关周期的输出电压采样值与设定值的差值超出设定的允许值时,在下一开关周期切换LLC谐振变换器的工作频率至能量传输最佳点对应开关频率,所述设定值根据LLC谐振变换器工作于特定开关频率处稳态输出的电压确定,在LLC谐振变换器工作于能量传输最佳点对应的开关频率后的若干开关周期内,比较当前开关周期的输出电压采样值和设定值,在当前开关周期的输出电压采样值与设定值的差值小于设定的允许值时,在下一开关周期切换LLC谐振变换器的工作频率至特定开关频率,在LLC谐振变换器工作于特定开关频率之后的若干开关周期内,根据每个开关周期的输出电压采样值与设定值的差值对输出电压进行PI调节。
- 根据权利要求1所述的实现LLC谐振变换器多步调频的数字控制方法,其特征在于,LLC谐振变换器需要调频的情形为输入电压上升或输出电流下降的情形时,能量传输最佳点为最小增益点,最小增益点对应的开关频率为最大开关频率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的实现LLC谐振变换器多步调频的数字控制方法,其特征在于,LLC谐振变换器需要调频的情形为输入电压下降或输出电流上升的情形时,能量传输最佳点为最大增益点,最大增益点对应的开关频率为最小开关频率。
- 实现权利要求1至4中任意一项所述数字控制方法的系统,其特征在于,包括:电压采样电路,其输入端接LLC谐振变换器输出电压的采样点,ADC单元,其输入端接电压采样电路的输出端,对输出电压采样数据进行模数转换和放大处理后得到输出电压采样信号的数字值,根据LLC谐振变换器工作于特定开关频率处稳态输出的电压确定设定值,将输出电压采样值及设定值转换为数字量后输出,逻辑控制单元,其输入端接ADC单元的输出端,根据输出电压采样信号的数字值偏离设定值的差值计算能量传输最佳点对应的开关频率,定时器,其输入端接逻辑控制单元的输出端,生成具有能量传输最佳点对应的开关频率和一定占空比的控制信号,及,PI调节单元,其输入端接逻辑控制单元的输出端,根据输出电压采样信号的数字值偏离设定值的差值对输出电压进行PI调节。
- 根据权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于,该系统还包括隔离驱动电路,隔离驱动电路的输入端接定时器的输出端,将定时器输出控制信号放大后输入至LLC谐振变换器原边侧开关管栅极及副边侧开关管栅极。
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