WO2020211723A1 - 一种牙盘、牙盘组件和自行车 - Google Patents
一种牙盘、牙盘组件和自行车 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020211723A1 WO2020211723A1 PCT/CN2020/084473 CN2020084473W WO2020211723A1 WO 2020211723 A1 WO2020211723 A1 WO 2020211723A1 CN 2020084473 W CN2020084473 W CN 2020084473W WO 2020211723 A1 WO2020211723 A1 WO 2020211723A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chain
- crankset
- tooth
- spoke
- ring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of bicycles, and particularly relates to a chain ring, a chain ring assembly using the chain ring and a bicycle using the chain ring assembly.
- the chainring assembly of a bicycle includes a crankset, a bottom bracket, a left crank and a right crank.
- the left and right cranks are respectively installed on both ends of the bottom bracket, and the crank is installed on the bottom bracket or on the left side.
- the chain is wound around the chainring, and the pedals at the ends of the left and right cranks are used to drive the central shaft and the chainring to rotate, thereby driving the chain, and then driving the rear wheel through the chain.
- the chainring rotates to drive the rear wheel to rotate, the rear wheel will exert a reaction force (ie resistance) on the chainring through the chain. Since the resistance is along the length of the chain, it mainly acts on the teeth at the upper end of the chainring (traction chain direction).
- the front gear tooth acts on the side wall in the forward direction of the gear tooth.
- each gear tooth passing through the upper end of the chainring will receive a large tangential force, so it will work for a certain period of time.
- the teeth on the peripheral side of the posterior sprocket will have one of two defects:
- the root of the tooth groove between two adjacent gear teeth on the chainring is an arc surface with a radius of curvature slightly larger than that of the chain sleeve roller, and the side wall is a plane tangent to the arc surface, so A tooth groove with a wide centrifugal end and a narrow proximal end is formed, which is equivalent to a line contact with the chain sleeve roller.
- the side wall in the forward direction of the gear teeth will contact the chain
- the sleeve roller of the chain is excessively worn or is under strong pressure for a long time and is indented, so that the sleeve roller of the chain will be stuck in the recessed recess and cannot be separated from it in time, which affects the flexibility and efficiency of the chain transmission
- the width of the gear teeth decreases, resulting in weakening of the strength of the gear teeth and easy deformation.
- the present invention provides a tooth that can increase the contact area between the chain sleeve roller and the side wall of the tooth groove by improving the tooth structure, thereby reducing the pressure and overcoming the defect of the tooth side wall indentation.
- a crankset including a crankshaft body, the peripheral side of the crankshaft body is provided with several levels of gear teeth, and tooth grooves are formed between two adjacent gear teeth.
- the side walls or both side walls are provided with recesses adapted to the sleeve rollers of the chain.
- the cross-sectional profile of the recess is a smooth curve, and the radius of curvature of the curve is adapted to the radius of the sleeve roller of the chain.
- the cross-sectional profile of the recess is a smooth curve, the curve has a number of arc segments with different radii of curvature, wherein the radius of curvature of at least one arc segment is adapted to the radius of the sleeve roller of the chain.
- the centers of the curvature radii of the several arc segments are all located on the same side of the curve.
- the proximal and distal ends of the recesses transition smoothly with the tooth grooves.
- crankset main body includes spokes and a ring gear detachably mounted on the spokes, and the gear teeth are arranged on the peripheral side of the ring gear.
- the outer side of the spoke is provided with a plurality of spoke protrusions around the axis
- the inner side of the ring gear is provided with a plurality of buckling recesses corresponding to the spoke protrusions, and the spoke protrusions can be pressed into the buckle in the axial direction. Close in the recess.
- the circumferential side of the spokes is concavely formed with a plurality of convex molding recesses in the axial direction, and a spoke convex is formed between two adjacent convex molding recesses, and the adjacent two buckle
- the convex part of the ring gear matched with the concave part of the convex part is formed between the concave parts.
- the spokes include coaxially distributed inner and outer spoke rings, and a number of spokes arranged between the inner and outer spoke rings and used to connect the two, and the convex portion molding and recesses are arranged on the outer One side of the spoke ring, and the other side of the outer spoke ring is provided with a first weight-reducing groove.
- the spokes are made of lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy, carbon fiber or magnesium alloy, and the ring gear is made of steel.
- the present invention also provides a crankset assembly, which includes a crankshaft, a left crank, a right crank and the crankset of the above-mentioned structure, the left crank and the right crank are respectively arranged at both ends of the crankshaft, and the teeth
- the disc is arranged on the central shaft.
- a bicycle which includes a frame and a guide system, a driving system, and a braking system arranged on the frame, and the driving system is provided with the chain ring assembly of the above structure.
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the tooth side wall of the chain ring is provided with a recess adapted to the sleeve roller of the chain, and during installation, the side wall provided with the recess is used as the tooth in the forward direction of the chain ring
- the side wall so that when the gear teeth engage the sleeve roller of the chain to pull the chain, the sleeve roller of the chain will be stuck in the recess, which increases the contact area and reduces the impact on the side wall of the gear teeth.
- the pressure can effectively overcome the problem of indentation of the side walls of the gear teeth and help to extend the service life.
- the chain ring assembly using the chain ring and the bicycle using the chain ring assembly also have the above advantages.
- Figure 1 is a partial schematic diagram of the first structure of the crankset of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gear teeth in the chain ring shown in FIG. 1;
- Figure 3 is an overall schematic diagram of the second structure of the crankset of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ring gear structure in the structure shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the spokes in the structure shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the back surface of the spoke in the structure shown in FIG. 3.
- the present invention discloses a crankset, including a crankset body 100, the peripheral side of the crankset body 100 is provided with several levels of gear teeth 101, formed between two adjacent gear teeth 101
- the tooth groove 102 is provided with a recess 103 on one side wall or both side walls of the gear tooth 101, which is adapted to the sleeve roller 200 of the chain.
- the side wall of the tooth 101 of the chainring is provided with a recess 103 that is adapted to the sleeve roller 200 of the chain.
- the side wall provided with the recess 103 is used as the tooth in the forward direction of the chainring.
- the contact arc length L is much larger, thereby increasing the contact area, thereby reducing the pressure on the side wall of the gear tooth 101, which can effectively overcome the problem of indentation of the side wall of the gear tooth 101, which helps In order to extend the service life, combined with the method of heightening the gear teeth 101 on the market, it can well solve the two defects of the traditional structure, help reduce the maintenance and use cost of the bicycle, improve the convenience, and have a strong practicability.
- the cross-sectional profile of the recess 103 is a smooth curve, and the radius of curvature of the curve is adapted to the radius of the sleeve roller 200 of the chain, as the same. Therefore, the entire arc surface of the recess 103 can be attached to the sleeve roller 200 of the chain.
- the cross-sectional profile of the recess 103 is a smooth curve with a number of arc segments with different radii of curvature, wherein the radius of curvature of at least one arc segment is the same as that of the sleeve roller of the chain.
- the 200 radius is matched, as the same. This arrangement can make that only part of the arc in the recess 103 fits with the sleeve roller 200 of the chain.
- the centers of the curvature radii of several arc segments are located on the same side of the curve, so as to avoid the convex hull structure in the recess 103 .
- the curve is circumscribed on the circumference of the arc segment that matches the radius of the chain sleeve roller 200, so as to avoid the convex hull formed between two arc segments with different curvature radii from obstructing the chain sleeve roller 200 It snaps into the recess 103 and fits the corresponding arc.
- the proximal and distal ends of the recess 103 smoothly transition with the tooth groove 102, so that the tooth 101 rolls with the chain sleeve.
- the sleeve roller 200 can slide along the side wall of the gear tooth 101 without sudden changes in position.
- the concave depth of the recess 103 can be flexibly set according to factors such as actual requirements and the material properties of the gear teeth 101, which is not specifically limited here.
- the gear tooth 101 in this embodiment can also adopt a heightened design on the market, that is, the height of the gear tooth 101 is appropriately increased. Since this structure design has been a common method in the industry, the specific heightening structure setting and other content are not repeated here.
- the structure of the gear tooth 101 generally has the widest root width, it is preferable to provide the recess 103 at the root position of the gear tooth 101 to ensure the strength of the gear tooth 101.
- the proximal end of the recess 103 is tangent to the cross-sectional curve of the root of the tooth groove 102, so that the arrangement of the recess 103 does not increase the depth of the tooth groove 102, and at the same time can be located on the side wall of the tooth 101 At the lowest point, ensure the strength of the gear teeth 101.
- the depth D of the recess 103 is represented by the distance from the circumference of the arc segment on the curve that matches the radius of the sleeve roller 200 to the base line, and the depth D of the recess 103 satisfies the relationship 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 2mm .
- the crankset in this embodiment can solve the problem of indentation of the side wall of the gear teeth 101 through the arrangement of the recess 103, and can also prevent jumping by engaging the recess 103 with the sleeve roller 200.
- the role of the teeth, combined with the heightening of the gear teeth 101, can effectively solve the problem of tooth skipping, and has strong practicability.
- the crankset body 100 includes spokes 400 and a ring gear 300 detachably mounted on the spokes 400, and the gear teeth 101 are arranged on the teeth.
- the circumference of the circle 300 is not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, but not limited to, a ring gear 300 detachably mounted on the spokes 400, and the gear teeth 101 are arranged on the teeth. The circumference of the circle 300.
- the materials can be flexibly selected according to the needs, avoiding many problems caused by the material problems of the traditional chain ring, and reducing the quality while ensuring the strength, toughness and rigidity of the spokes 400 , There is no need to consider its wear resistance.
- the gear ring 300 in this embodiment is preferably made of steel, such as alloy structural steel, which has excellent strength, wear resistance and toughness, and other materials with good wear resistance can also be used.
- the spoke 400 is preferably made of aluminum alloy, so that it has sufficient strength, toughness and rigidity while also having the advantage of lightweight. In addition, it can also be made of lightweight materials such as carbon fiber and magnesium alloy.
- the ring gear 300 can be directly installed on the outside of the spokes 400 by rivets, screw connections, interference fits, etc. However, considering that the gear teeth 101 will be subjected to a great tangential force when the chain drive is driven by the chain ring, the above installation method will Rivets or screws cause a large load.
- a plurality of spoke protrusions 404 are provided on the outer side of the spoke 400 around the axis, and the inner side of the gear ring 300 corresponds to the spoke protrusion 404 A number of buckling recesses 302 are provided, and the spoke protrusions 404 can be pressed into the buckling recesses 302 in the axial direction.
- the force can be transmitted and dispersed through the cooperation of the spoke protrusions 404 and the buckling recesses 302, avoiding the effect of rivets or screws between the ring gear 300 and the spokes 400.
- the realization of force transmission is conducive to improving the stability of work and the strength and reliability of the connection.
- the spoke protrusion 404 is assembled with the buckle recess 302 by moving in the axial direction, and is mainly subjected to tangential force during the working process of the crankset, and there is almost no force along the axial direction. Therefore, this assembly method is Strong working reliability and stability.
- a plurality of convex molding recesses 405 are formed inward along the axial direction on the circumferential side of the spoke 400, and a spoke convex portion 404 is formed between two adjacent convex molding recesses 405.
- a ring gear convex portion 301 that matches the convex molding concave portion 405 is formed between two adjacent buckling recesses 302.
- the depth of the protruding portion molding recess 405 matches the thickness of the ring gear 300, so that the sidewall of the buckling recess 302 completely fits the spoke protruding portion 404, ensuring the contact area and improving the bearing capacity.
- the thickness of the spoke 400 needs to be greater than the thickness of the ring gear 300, but because it is made of aluminum alloy, the increase in weight is minimal, but at the same time, the increase in thickness helps to improve The strength of spokes 400.
- a limit plate 406 abutting against the end surface of the ring gear 300 or the end surface of the ring gear protrusion 301 is formed between two adjacent spoke protrusions 404.
- the limiting plate 406 can be used for installation and positioning, and it is also convenient to provide a rivet or screw mounting hole between the ring gear convex portion 301 and the limiting plate 406 to realize the connection and fixation of the two.
- one or both sides of the spoke convex portion 404 are provided with a convex structure protruding relative to its root, and one or both sides of the buckling recess 302 are provided with the convex structure.
- a concave structure with matching structure can be a fan-shaped structure where the spoke convex portion 404 and the ring gear convex portion 301 are set to match, or it can be a block structure or a convex hull provided with a bump on the side of the spoke convex portion 404 Etc., and a matching concave structure can be provided in the buckling recess 302.
- the spoke convex portion 404 can form an expanded structure with a narrow root and a wide outside through the convex structure.
- the force will be mainly borne by the convex structure and the concave structure, making the rivet only Withstand a small part of the force, so the function of the rivet is mainly to axially fix the ring gear 300 and the spokes 400.
- the force of the chain will be divided on the circumference, which greatly reduces the strength required for the rivet connection, and also greatly improves the carrying capacity of the entire gear tooth 101.
- the anti-drag structure can be realized by the concave-convex structure, which effectively improves the connection strength between the ring gear 300 and the spokes 400.
- the spokes 400 include coaxially distributed inner spokes 402 and outer spokes 401, and are arranged between the inner spokes 402 and the outer spokes 401 and used to connect the two.
- the convex portion molding recess 405 is arranged on one side surface of the outer spoke ring 401, and the other side surface of the outer spoke ring 401 is provided with a first weight reduction groove.
- the inner spoke 402 is provided with a mounting structure for connecting the crank or the bottom bracket. In this way, since the inner spoke ring 402 and the outer spoke ring 401 are fixed by the spokes 403, the use of materials can be reduced and the weight can be reduced.
- the first weight reduction groove in this embodiment includes an annular weight reduction groove 409 located inside the convex portion molding recess 405 and a tooth-shaped weight reduction groove 408 disposed at an offset from the convex portion molding recess 405.
- a second weight reduction groove 410 is provided on the same side surface of the spoke 403 as the first weight reduction groove, and the spoke 403 is formed on both sides of the spoke 403 through the second weight reduction groove 410 and extends along its length. Of the spokes.
- the tooth-shaped weight reducing groove 408 communicates with the annular weight reducing groove 409, and the second weight reducing groove 410 also communicates with the annular weight reducing groove 409, so that the edge position of the aperture formed between two adjacent spokes 403 will be A reinforcing rib connected to the spoke rib is formed. As shown in the figure, the reinforcing rib and the spoke rib form a closed enclosure structure 411. In this way, the weight of the spokes 400 can be effectively reduced by the first weight-reducing grooves provided after the recesses 405 are formed after the protrusions are formed reasonably and the second weight-reducing grooves 410 provided on the spokes 403 on the same side. Quantitative realization.
- first and second weight-reducing grooves 410 reduces the thickness of the spokes 400, they can increase the strength and toughness through the enclosure plate structure 411, and improve the tangential strength, so the overall strength and toughness are combined. Not greatly affected. For crank parts, this structure achieves a perfect combination of strength, rigidity, toughness, wear resistance, and lightweight.
- the inner spoke ring 402, the outer spoke ring 401 and the spokes 403 are integrally formed, and the first weight reducing groove and the second weight reducing groove 410 can be selected according to the actual processing difficulty.
- the ring 401 and the spokes 403 are integrally formed or manufactured by milling.
- the installation structure includes an inner spline arranged at the center of the inner spoke ring 402 and a number of installation holes distributed around the axial direction and arranged on the inner spoke ring 402.
- the mounting hole may include a mounting hole for connecting and fixing with the crank, and may also include a mounting hole for mounting a disc.
- the internal spline is used to match the bicycle's bottom axle to achieve installation.
- the shapes and sizes of the inner spoke ring 402, outer spoke ring 401, and spokes 403 can be set reasonably according to needs.
- the spokes 403 in this embodiment are bent along the axial direction of the spokes 400 In this way, the inner spoke ring 402 and the outer spoke ring 401 are offset in the axial direction.
- the chainring structure in this scheme is not only suitable for bicycle chainrings or flywheels, but also for all chain drives or gear drives, and has a wide range of applications.
- the chain ring assembly includes a crankshaft, a left crank, a right crank and the crankset of the above structure, and the left crank and the right crank are respectively arranged on the crankshaft
- the crankset is arranged on the central shaft.
- the bicycle includes a frame and a guide system, a driving system and a braking system arranged on the frame, and the driving system is provided with the chain ring assembly of the above structure.
- the guiding system is mainly composed of handlebars, front forks, front axles, front wheels and other components.
- the rider can change the driving direction and maintain body balance by manipulating the handlebars;
- the drive (transmission or walking) system is mainly composed of chainring components , Pedal chain, flywheel, rear axle, rear wheel and other components.
- the pedaling force of a person's foot is transmitted through the crank assembly, chain, flywheel, rear axle and other components by pedals, so that the bicycle can continue to move forward;
- the driving system is composed of brake components, and the rider can manipulate the brake at any time to slow down and stop the driving bicycle to ensure driving safety. Since the main structure of the bicycle has been disclosed in the prior art, the specific structure and connection relationship of the above-mentioned guiding system, driving system and braking system will not be repeated here. Obviously, the crankset assembly and the bicycle also have the advantages of the crankset.
- This embodiment uses the first embodiment as the main body. The difference is that only the first weight reduction groove is provided in this embodiment, and the second weight reduction groove 410 is not provided, so that the spokes 403 are smaller in size.
- This embodiment uses the first embodiment as the main body, and the difference lies in that the second weight reduction groove 410 in this embodiment is disposed on the other side opposite to the first weight reduction groove.
- This embodiment uses the first embodiment as the main body. The difference is that, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner ring edge formed by the ring gear convex portion 301 and the buckling recess 302 on the ring gear 300 in this embodiment is close to the convex
- An inclined surface 303 is provided at one end of the bottom of the molded recess 405, so that when the gear ring 300 is installed on the spoke 400 in the axial direction, the inclined surface 303 can be guided to facilitate the installation and improve the assembly efficiency.
- no inclined surface 303 is provided at the opposite end of the ring gear 300 to facilitate seamless connection between the end surface and the spokes 400.
- This embodiment takes the first embodiment as the main body. The difference is that in this embodiment, the circumferential diameter of the limiting plate 406 is larger than the circumferential diameter of the outermost end of the spoke convex portion 404, thereby forming a spoke
- An extension wall 407 formed on the outer side of the convex portion 404 increases the contact area between the limiting plate 406 and the ring gear 300 and improves the assembly strength and stability.
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Abstract
一种牙盘，包括牙盘主体（100），牙盘主体的周侧设置有若干级轮齿（101），相邻的两个轮齿之间形成有齿槽（102），轮齿于一侧侧壁或两侧侧壁上设置有与链条的套筒滚子（200）适配的凹位（103）。一种牙盘组件和一种自行车也被公开。
Description
本发明属于自行车技术领域，具体涉及一种牙盘、采用该牙盘的牙盘组件和采用该牙盘组件的自行车。
自行车的牙盘组件包括牙盘、中轴、左侧曲柄和右侧曲柄，左侧曲柄和右侧曲柄分别安装于中轴的两端，牙盘或安装于中轴上，或安装于左侧曲柄(或右侧曲柄)上。链条绕设在牙盘上，通过脚踏左侧曲柄和右侧曲柄末端的脚蹬来带动中轴、牙盘转动，进而实现链条的驱动，再通过链条驱动后轮。在牙盘转动而带动后轮转动时，后轮会通过链条对牙盘施加反作用力(即阻力)，由于该阻力沿链条的长度方向，因此主要作用于牙盘上端的轮齿(牵引链条向前的轮齿)，并且是作用于该轮齿的前进方向的侧壁上，在工作过程中每个经过牙盘上端的轮齿均会受到较大的切向作用力，因此在工作一定时间后牙盘周侧的轮齿会出现以下两种缺陷之一：
第一，由于牙盘上相邻两个轮齿之间的齿槽的根部为曲率半径稍大于链条套筒滚子的圆弧面，而侧壁则为与该圆弧面相切的平面，从而形成离心端较宽、近心端较窄的齿槽，与链条套筒滚子之间等同于线接触，根据P＝F/S(P为齿槽侧壁所受到的压强、F为链条阻力、S为齿槽与链条套筒滚子的接触面积)，其中S＝L*d(L为链条套筒滚子与齿槽侧壁的接触弧长、d为接触面宽度)，因此P＝F/(L*d)。由于链 条套筒滚子与齿槽之间为线接触，因此接触弧长L极小，导致轮齿所受到的压强P较大，在工作一定时长后，轮齿前进方向的侧壁会与链条的套筒滚子过度磨损或长时间受到较强压强而内陷，使得链条的套筒滚子会卡入该内陷凹位内，不能及时与之分离，从而影响链条传动的灵活度和效率，并且在过度磨损之后，轮齿的宽度随之减小，导致轮齿的强度减弱，容易变形。
第二，轮齿的末端朝向该阻力的方向发生变形，进而不能较好地牵引链条套筒滚子，在转动过程中存在跳齿的现象，影响传动效率。
因此在实际使用过程中需要定期更换牙盘，既增加了自行车的使用、维护成本，也提高了其使用的不便性。
为了克服跳齿的问题，目前市面上的厂家基本都是通过加高牙盘轮齿的方式来实现。然而由于牙盘的轮齿结构未改进，实际工作过程中链条套筒滚子与齿槽的接触面积依然较小，导致轮齿前进方向的侧壁仍会受到较大压强，因此轮齿加高并不能克服第一种缺陷，改善效果有限。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种通过对轮齿结构进行改进而可增大链条套筒滚子与齿槽侧壁接触面积，进而减小压强、克服轮齿侧壁内陷的缺陷的牙盘，以及包括该牙盘的牙盘组件、包括该牙盘组件的自行车。
本发明一方面提供一种牙盘，包括牙盘主体，所述牙盘主体的周侧设置有若干级轮齿，相邻的两个轮齿之间形成有齿槽，所述轮齿于 一侧侧壁或两侧侧壁上设置有与链条的套筒滚子适配的凹位。
可选的，所述凹位的截面轮廓为圆滑曲线，该曲线的曲率半径与链条的套筒滚子半径相适配。
可选的，所述凹位的截面轮廓为圆滑曲线，该曲线具有若干曲率半径不同的弧段，其中至少一个弧段的曲率半径与链条的套筒滚子半径相适配。
可选的，若干所述的弧段的曲率半径中心均位于曲线的同一侧。
可选的，所述凹位的近心端和远心端与齿槽平滑过渡。
可选的，所述牙盘主体包括轮辐和可拆卸地安装于轮辐上的齿圈，所述轮齿设置于齿圈的周侧。
可选的，所述轮辐的外侧绕轴心设置有若干轮辐凸部，所述齿圈的内侧对应轮辐凸部设置有若干扣合凹位，所述轮辐凸部可沿轴向方向压入扣合凹位内。
可选的，所述轮辐的周侧沿轴向方向内凹形成有若干凸部成型凹位，相邻的两个凸部成型凹位之间形成一轮辐凸部，相邻的两个扣合凹位之间形成有与凸部成型凹位匹配的齿圈凸部。
可选的，所述轮辐包括同轴分布的内辐圈和外辐圈以及设置于内辐圈和外辐圈之间并用于连接二者的若干辐条，所述凸部成型凹位设置于外辐圈的一个侧面，所述外辐圈的另一个侧面设置有第一减重槽。
可选的，所述轮辐采用铝合金、碳纤维或镁合金等轻质材料制成，所述齿圈采用钢材制成。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种牙盘组件，其包括中轴、左曲柄、 右曲柄和上述结构的牙盘，所述左曲柄和右曲柄分别设置于中轴的两端，所述牙盘设置于中轴上。
并且，还提供一种自行车，包括车架和设置于车架上的导向系统、驱动系统和制动系统，所述驱动系统设置有上述结构的牙盘组件。
本发明的有益效果是：该牙盘的轮齿侧壁上设置与链条的套筒滚子适配的凹位，在安装时，将设置有凹位的侧壁作为牙盘前进方向的轮齿侧壁，从而在轮齿啮合链条的套筒滚子而牵引链条时，链条的套筒滚子会卡于凹位内，增大了接触面积，进而减小了轮齿的侧壁所受到的压强，可以有效克服轮齿侧壁内陷的问题发生，有助于延长使用寿命，再结合市面上采用的轮齿加高的方式，可以很好地解决传统结构的两个缺陷，有助于降低自行车的维护、使用成本，提高便利性，实用性强，而采用该牙盘的牙盘组件及采用该牙盘组件的自行车也具备上述优点。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明：
图1是本发明中牙盘第一种结构的局部示意图；
图2是图1所示的牙盘中的轮齿结构示意图；
图3是本发明中牙盘第二种结构的整体示意图；
图4是图3所示结构中的齿圈结构示意图；
图5是图3所示结构中的轮辐正面结构示意图；
图6是图3所示结构中的轮辐背面结构示意图。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。
第一实施例
参照图1和图2，本发明公开一种牙盘，包括牙盘主体100，所述牙盘主体100的周侧设置有若干级轮齿101，相邻的两个轮齿101之间形成有齿槽102，所述轮齿101于一侧侧壁或两侧侧壁上设置有与链条的套筒滚子200适配的凹位103。
如此通过于该牙盘的轮齿101侧壁上设置与链条的套筒滚子200适配的凹位103，在安装时，将设置有凹位103的侧壁作为牙盘前进方向的轮齿101侧壁，从而在轮齿101啮合链条的套筒滚子200而牵引链条时，链条的套筒滚子200会卡于凹位103内，由于轮齿101的侧壁所受到的压强P＝F/S(P为轮齿101侧壁受到的压强、F为链条阻力、S为齿槽102与链条滚筒的接触面积)，其中S＝L*d(L为链条套筒滚子200与齿槽102侧壁的接触弧长、d为接触面宽度)，因此P＝F/(L*d)，显然在链条的套筒滚子200适配于凹位103内时，两者之间的接触弧长L较传统结构增大了很多，进而增大了接触面积，进而减小了轮齿101的侧壁所受到的压强，可以有效克服轮齿101侧壁内陷的问题发生， 有助于延长使用寿命，再结合市面上采用的轮齿101加高的方式，可以很好地解决传统结构的两个缺陷，有助于降低自行车的维护、使用成本，提高便利性，实用性强。
于轮齿101的一侧侧壁上设置凹位103时，在安装牙盘的时候需要区分正反方向，使凹位103所处的侧壁为轮齿101前进方向的侧壁。而于轮齿101的两侧侧壁上设置凹位103时则可以不用区分正反，均能实现链条的套筒滚子200与凹位103的配合。
作为该凹位103的第一优选设置方案，所述凹位103的截面轮廓为圆滑曲线，该曲线的曲率半径与链条的套筒滚子200半径相适配，如相同。从而使得整个凹位103的弧面均可与链条的套筒滚子200贴合。
作为该凹位103的第二优选设置方案，所述凹位103的截面轮廓为圆滑曲线，该曲线具有若干曲率半径不同的弧段，其中至少一个弧段的曲率半径与链条的套筒滚子200半径相适配，如相同。这样设置可以使得凹位103中仅有部分弧面会与链条的套筒滚子200贴合。为了防止构成曲线的弧段影响链条套筒滚子200陷入凹位103内，优选的，若干所述的弧段的曲率半径中心均位于曲线的同一侧，从而避免凹位103内出现凸包结构。又或者使该曲线外接于与链条套筒滚子200半径相适配的弧段所处的圆周上，从而避免不同曲率半径的两个弧段之间形成的凸包阻碍链条套筒滚子200卡入凹位103内与对应的弧段贴合。
进一步的，为了避免牙盘与链条的传动过程中出现停滞感或阻塞 感，所述凹位103的近心端和远心端与齿槽102平滑过渡，使得轮齿101在与链条套筒滚子200配合的过程中，套筒滚子200能够沿轮齿101侧壁滑动，不会出现位置的骤变。
在实际生产过程中，该凹位103的内凹深度可以根据实际需求、轮齿101的材料性能等因素进行灵活设定，在此不作具体限定。为了防止跳齿的发生，本实施例中的轮齿101也可以采用市面上的加高设计，即适当地增加轮齿101的高度。由于此结构设计已为行业内的通用手段，故具体的加高结构设置等内容在此不作赘述。
由于轮齿101的结构一般根部的宽度最宽，因此优选将该凹位103设置于轮齿101的根部位置，以确保轮齿101的强度。如图所示，该凹位103的近心端与齿槽102根部的截面曲线相切，使得该凹位103的设置并未增加齿槽102的深度，同时又能位于轮齿101侧壁的最低点，确保轮齿101的强度。
并且在部分实施方案中，综合保证轮齿101的强度和减小套筒滚子200对轮齿101的压强两方面的考虑，以凹位103的近心端和远心端的连线为基线，以曲线上与套筒滚子200半径相适配的弧段所处的圆周到基线之间的距离来表示凹位103的深度D，该凹位103的深度D满足关系式0<D<2mm。
综上所述，本实施例中的牙盘可通过凹位103的设置解决轮齿101侧壁内陷的问题，并且也能通过凹位103卡合套筒滚子200的方式起到防跳齿的作用，再结合轮齿101的加高，可以有效的解决跳齿的问题，实用性强。
然而轮齿101的磨损是不可避免的，因此上述结构的牙盘设置尽管能够有效延长轮齿101寿命，但工作一定时间后，仍需更换牙盘，而传统的牙盘拆卸困难，需要拆卸曲柄等多个部分，因此更换难度大。并且为了满足当下追求轻量化的市场需求，牙盘的材料从传统的钢制零件换成了铝合金等轻质材料，因此轮齿101的耐磨性较差，结合前述的凹位103设置，尽管其能有效克服传统结构的两个缺陷，延长牙盘的使用寿命，但采用铝合金等轻质材料制成牙盘时会降低该效果。
有鉴于此，在部分实施方案中，如图3-图6所示，所述牙盘主体100包括轮辐400和可拆卸地安装于轮辐400上的齿圈300，所述轮齿101设置于齿圈300的周侧。
在使用过程中，若牙盘的轮齿101发生磨损需要更换时，只需拆卸外圈部分的齿圈300进行更换即可，无需像传统结构一般拆卸曲柄等结构，提高了轮齿101拆卸更换的便利性及效率。并且，在生产齿圈300和轮辐400的过程中可以根据需要灵活选用材质，避免了传统牙盘因材料问题带来的诸多问题，可以在保证轮辐400的强度、韧性与刚度的条件下减轻质量，无需考虑其耐磨性，同时在保证轮齿101的强度、韧性的前提下，重点保证其耐磨性，通过将两者结合于一起实现牙盘的高强度、高刚度、高韧性、高耐磨性和轻量化。本实施例中的齿圈300优选采用钢材制成，如合金结构钢，使其具备优良的强度、耐磨性和韧性，也可采用其他耐磨性好的材料。而轮辐400优选采用铝合金制成，使其在具备足够强度、韧性和刚度的同时还具备轻量化的优势，此外也可采用碳纤维、镁合金等轻质材料制造。
该齿圈300可通过铆钉铆接或螺钉连接或过盈配合等直接安装于轮辐400外侧，但考虑到牙盘驱动自行车链条传动时轮齿101会受到极大地切向作用力，上述安装方式会对铆钉或螺钉等造成较大的负载，有鉴于此，作为本方案的进一步改进，所述轮辐400的外侧绕轴心设置有若干轮辐凸部404，所述齿圈300的内侧对应轮辐凸部404设置有若干扣合凹位302，所述轮辐凸部404可沿轴向方向压入扣合凹位302内。
如此，在齿圈300受到切向作用力时，可以通过轮辐凸部404和扣合凹位302的配合实现力的传递、分散，避免齿圈300和轮辐400之间仅通过铆钉或螺钉作用来实现力的传递，有利于提高工作的稳定性和连接的强度、可靠性。同时，轮辐凸部404是沿轴向运动而与扣合凹位302装配的，在牙盘工作过程中主要受到切向作用力，几乎不存在沿轴向的作用力，故而此种装配方式的工作可靠性强、稳定性强。
如图所示，本实施例中于轮辐400的周侧沿轴向方向内凹形成有若干凸部成型凹位405，相邻的两个凸部成型凹位405之间形成一轮辐凸部404，相邻的两个扣合凹位302之间形成有与凸部成型凹位405匹配的齿圈凸部301。凸部成型凹位405的深度与齿圈300的厚度相匹配，使得扣合凹位302的侧壁完全贴合轮辐凸部404，确保接触面积，提升承载能力。为了确保凸部成型凹位405的设置，轮辐400的厚度需大于齿圈300的厚度，但由于其采用铝合金制成，因此对重量的增加极小，但同时此厚度的增加有助于提高轮辐400的强度。并且在该结构中，在相邻的两个轮辐凸部404之间会形成一抵接齿圈300的端面或 齿圈凸部301的端面的限位板406，在齿圈300装配时，该限位板406可以用于安装定位，并且也便于在齿圈凸部301和该限位板406之间设置铆钉或螺钉安装孔，实现两者的连接固定。
作为本方案的进一步改进，所述轮辐凸部404的一侧或两侧设置有相对于其根部凸出的凸起结构，所述扣合凹位302的一侧或两侧设置有与该凸起结构匹配的内凹结构。如图所示，该凸起结构可以是将轮辐凸部404和齿圈凸部301设置为相匹配的扇形结构，也可以是在轮辐凸部404的侧面设置凸起的块状结构或凸包等，而扣合凹位302内则设置与之相配的内凹结构即可。
这样，轮辐凸部404可以通过凸起结构形成根部窄、外侧宽的外扩结构，在轮齿101受切向作用力后，作用力将主要由凸起结构和内凹结构承受，使得铆钉只承受很小部分力，因此铆钉的作用主要是轴向固定齿圈300与轮辐400。并且由于沿圆周方向有若干这样的凸凹结构，因而链条作用力将在圆周上均分开来，从而极大地降低了铆钉连接所需要的强度，同时也极大地提高了整个轮齿101的承载能力。同时在链条作用力对齿圈300进行拉拽时，可以通过凹凸结构实现防拽，有效提高齿圈300和轮辐400的连接强度。
如图所示，作为本方案的进一步改进，所述轮辐400包括同轴分布的内辐圈402和外辐圈401以及设置于内辐圈402和外辐圈401之间并用于连接二者的若干辐条403，所述凸部成型凹位405设置于外辐圈401的一个侧面，所述外辐圈401的另一个侧面设置有第一减重槽。内辐圈402上设置有用于连接曲柄或中轴的安装结构。如此，由于内 辐圈402和外辐圈401之间通过辐条403固定，可以减少材料的使用，同时减轻重量。
优选的，本实施例中的第一减重槽包括位于凸部成型凹位405内侧的环状减重槽409和与凸部成型凹位405错位设置的齿状减重槽408。同时本实施例中在辐条403的与第一减重槽相同的侧面设置有第二减重槽410，所述辐条403通过第二减重槽410于辐条403两侧形成有沿其长度方向延伸的辐筋。该齿状减重槽408与环状减重槽409连通，第二减重槽410也与环状减重槽409连通，从而在相邻的两辐条403之间形成的孔口的边缘位置会形成与辐筋连接的加强筋，如图所示，该加强筋与辐筋形成一闭合的围板结构411。这样，通过在合理地避开凸部成型凹位405后设置的第一减重槽以及于同侧设置于辐条403上的第二减重槽410可以有效减少轮辐400的重量，有助于轻量化的实现。且尽管第一减重槽和第二减重槽410的设置减薄了轮辐400的厚度，但其可通过围板结构411增加强度、韧性，提高抗切向强度，因此整体强度、韧性等并未受到较大影响。对于牙盘类零件来说，这种结构实现了强度、刚度、韧性、耐磨性、轻量化的完美结合。
在实际生产过程中，内辐圈402、外辐圈401和辐条403一体成型制成，而第一减重槽、第二减重槽410可以根据实际加工难度选择与内辐圈402、外辐圈401和辐条403一体成型加工制成或是之后通过铣加工制成。
如图所示，该安装结构包括设置于内辐圈402中心的内花键以及绕轴向分布并设置于内辐圈402上的若干安装孔。该安装孔可以包括 用于与曲柄连接固定的安装孔，也可以包括用于安装盘片的安装孔。而内花键用于与自行车的中轴匹配实现安装。
此外，在实际生产过程中可以根据需要合理地设置内辐圈402、外辐圈401和辐条403的形状、尺寸，如图所示，本实施例中的辐条403为沿轮辐400轴向弯折的结构，从而使得内辐圈402和外辐圈401沿轴向发生偏移。本方案中的牙盘结构不仅适用于自行车牙盘或飞轮，还适用于所有链传动或齿轮传动，适用范围广。
并且本实施例中还进一步公开一种牙盘组件和一种自行车，该牙盘组件包括中轴、左曲柄、右曲柄和上述结构的牙盘，所述左曲柄和右曲柄分别设置于中轴的两端，所述牙盘设置于中轴上。该自行车包括车架和设置于车架上的导向系统、驱动系统和制动系统，所述驱动系统设置有上述结构的牙盘组件。该导向系统主要由车把、前叉、前轴、前轮等部件组成，乘骑者可以通过操纵车把来改变行驶方向并保持车身平衡；该驱动(传动或行走)系统主要由牙盘组件、脚蹬链条、飞轮、后轴、后轮等部件组成，人的脚的蹬力是靠脚蹬通过牙盘组件、链条、飞轮、后轴等部件传动的，从而使自行车不断前进；该制动系统由车闸部件组成，乘骑者可以随时操纵车闸，使行驶的自行车减速、停驶,确保行车安全。由于自行车的主体结构已为现有技术所公开，故上述的导向系统、驱动系统和制动系统的具体结构、连接关系在此不作赘述。显然，该牙盘组件和该自行车也具备该牙盘的优点。
第二实施例
本实施例以第一实施例为主体，不同之处在于，本实施例中仅设 置有第一减重槽，未设置第二减重槽410，以适用于辐条403尺寸较小的情况。
第三实施例
本实施例以第一实施例为主体，不同之处在于，本实施例中的第二减重槽410设置于与第一减重槽相对的另一侧面。
第四实施例
本实施例以第一实施例为主体，不同之处在于，如图4所示，本实施例中齿圈300上通过齿圈凸部301和扣合凹位302形成的内圈边缘于靠近凸部成型凹位405的底部的一端设置斜面303，从而在齿圈300沿轴向装入轮辐400上时，可通过斜面303导向而便于装入，提高装配效率。而在齿圈300与之相对的另一端不设置斜面303，则有利于该端面与轮辐400之间实现无缝对接。
第五实施例
本实施例以第一实施例为主体，不同之处在于，本实施例中限位板406的周径大于轮辐凸部404最外端所处的圆周直径，从而形成如图所示的于轮辐凸部404外侧形成的一圈延伸壁407，增加限位板406与齿圈300的接触面积，提高装配强度及稳定性。
上述实施例只是本发明的优选方案，本发明还可有其他实施方案。本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所设定的范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种牙盘，包括牙盘主体，所述牙盘主体的周侧设置有若干级轮齿，相邻的两个轮齿之间形成有齿槽，其特征在于，所述轮齿于一侧侧壁或两侧侧壁上设置有与链条的套筒滚子适配的凹位。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，所述凹位的截面轮廓为圆滑曲线，该曲线的曲率半径与链条的套筒滚子半径相适配。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，所述凹位的截面轮廓为圆滑曲线，该曲线具有若干曲率半径不同的弧段，其中至少一个弧段的曲率半径与链条的套筒滚子半径相适配。
- 如权利要求3所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，若干所述的弧段的曲率半径中心均位于曲线的同一侧。
- 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，所述凹位的近心端和远心端与齿槽平滑过渡。
- 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，所述牙盘主体包括轮辐和可拆卸地安装于轮辐上的齿圈，所述轮齿设置于齿圈的周侧。
- 如权利要求6所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，所述轮辐的外侧绕轴心设置有若干轮辐凸部，所述齿圈的内侧对应轮辐凸部设置有若干扣合凹位，所述轮辐凸部可沿轴向方向压入扣合凹位内。
- 如权利要求7所述的一种牙盘，其特征在于，所述轮辐的周侧沿轴向方向内凹形成有若干凸部成型凹位，相邻的两个凸部成型凹位之间形成一轮辐凸部，相邻的两个扣合凹位之间形成有与凸部成型凹 位匹配的齿圈凸部。
- 一种牙盘组件，其特征在于，包括中轴、左曲柄、右曲柄和权利要求1-8任一项所述的牙盘，所述左曲柄和右曲柄分别设置于中轴的两端，所述牙盘设置于中轴上。
- 一种自行车，包括车架和设置于车架上的导向系统、驱动系统和制动系统，其特征在于，所述驱动系统设置有权利要求9所述的牙盘组件。
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| CN201910299260.6A CN110077518B (zh) | 2019-04-15 | 2019-04-15 | 一种牙盘、牙盘组件和自行车 |
| CN201910299260.6 | 2019-04-15 |
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Cited By (1)
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| DE102023115800B3 (de) | 2023-06-16 | 2024-06-27 | Miranda & Irmão Lda. | Antriebssystem mit einer antriebswelle und einem kettenblatt |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110077518B (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2024-04-12 | 湖南速奥科技有限公司 | 一种牙盘、牙盘组件和自行车 |
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| CN110077518A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
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