WO2020207382A1 - 二次电池及其顶盖组件 - Google Patents

二次电池及其顶盖组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020207382A1
WO2020207382A1 PCT/CN2020/083505 CN2020083505W WO2020207382A1 WO 2020207382 A1 WO2020207382 A1 WO 2020207382A1 CN 2020083505 W CN2020083505 W CN 2020083505W WO 2020207382 A1 WO2020207382 A1 WO 2020207382A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sealing
insulating
top cover
cover assembly
insulating portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/083505
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁成都
吴凯
陈柏松
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to JP2021555807A priority Critical patent/JP7148741B2/ja
Publication of WO2020207382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020207382A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, in particular to a secondary battery and its top cover assembly.
  • secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use, and long storage time, they have been widely used in electric vehicles. During the actual use of the secondary battery, it was discovered that the battery core would present safety risks such as fire and explosion.
  • a first aspect of the present disclosure provides a top cover assembly of a secondary battery, which includes:
  • the top cover plate has a thickness of 0.01mm-10cm and has electrode lead-out holes;
  • the lower insulating member has a first insulating part and a second insulating part connected to each other, the first insulating part is located below the top cover plate, and the second insulating part extends upward from the first insulating part and is at least partially located in the electrode extraction hole;
  • the sealing element has a first sealing part and a second sealing part connected to each other, the first sealing part is located on the upper surface of the top cover plate, and the second sealing part extends downward from the first sealing part and is at least partially located in the electrode lead-out hole , And the second sealing portion and the second insulating portion are at least partially staggered in the radial direction of the electrode extraction hole and at least partially overlapped in the height direction.
  • At least part of the second sealing portion is located between the second insulating portion and the inner wall of the electrode extraction hole.
  • the second insulating part includes a covering part, a surface of the covering part close to the second sealing part is substantially parallel to a surface of the second sealing part close to the second insulating part, and a surface of the covering part close to the second insulating part The surface of the sealing part is covered on at least part of the surface of the second sealing part close to the second insulating part.
  • the top end of the second insulating part is higher than the part of the upper surface of the top cover that is in contact with the first sealing part, or the top end of the second insulating part is flush with or lower than the upper surface of the top cover. The part in contact with the first seal.
  • the top cover assembly further includes a terminal plate, the terminal plate is located above the first sealing part and covers the electrode lead-out hole, and there is a space between the top end of the second insulating part and the lower surface of the terminal plate.
  • the lower part of the second sealing part is in sealing engagement with the lower insulating member.
  • the lower portion of the second sealing portion is in interference fit with the lower insulator.
  • the lower insulator further includes a sealing mating part, which protrudes from the upper surface of the first insulating part and/or the second insulating part or is formed by the upper surface of the first insulating part and/or the second insulating part. The surface is recessed downward, and the lower part of the second sealing part is in sealing engagement with the sealing mating part.
  • the sealing mating part is arranged at the connection between the first insulating part and the second insulating part, or the sealing mating part is arranged at the top end of the second insulating part.
  • the sealing mating part includes a boss protruding from the upper surface of the first insulating part and/or the second insulating part, and the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the boss is triangular, fan-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular.
  • the surface of the sealing mating part contacting the second sealing part is inclined in a direction from bottom to top toward a direction close to the central axis of the electrode extraction hole.
  • the angle between the surface of the sealing mating part that contacts the second sealing part and the upper surface of the first insulating part is 10-85°.
  • the sealing mating part is disposed at the top end of the second insulating part and is recessed downward from the upper surface of the second insulating part.
  • the sealing element further includes a third sealing part, the third sealing part is located between the lower surface of the top cover plate and the upper surface of the first insulating part; or, a groove is provided on the lower surface of the top cover plate, A part of the first insulating part is located in the groove.
  • the lower insulator further includes a support part supporting the first insulating part, the support part is provided on the lower surface of the first insulating part and protrudes downward from the lower surface of the first insulating part, or the support part is provided The upper surface of the tab connecting portion of the connecting plate of the secondary battery extends upward from the upper surface of the tab connecting portion.
  • the height of the support portion is less than or equal to the height difference between the lower surface of the first insulating portion and the upper surface of the tab connecting portion.
  • At least a part of the support part overlaps the second sealing part.
  • the second aspect of the present disclosure also provides a secondary battery including the top cover assembly of the present disclosure.
  • the sealing member By setting the sealing member to have a second sealing part extending into the electrode lead-out hole, and setting the second sealing part and the second insulating part of the lower insulating part extending into the electrode lead-out hole to be in the electrode lead-out hole Staggered at least partially in the radial direction and overlapped at least partially in the height direction can effectively extend the creepage distance, thereby helping to reduce the risk of fire or explosion when the secondary battery is subjected to high voltage.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • orientation words such as “front, back, up, down, left, right”, “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom”, etc. indicate the orientation Or positional relationship is usually based on the positional or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only used to facilitate the description of the present disclosure and simplify the description. Unless otherwise stated, these positional words do not indicate or imply the pointed device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation to the protection scope of the present disclosure; the orientation word “inside and outside” refers to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • the voltage of the whole vehicle system is about 300V ⁇ 900V.
  • the internal circuit will be disconnected or the fuse (fuse structure) will be disconnected.
  • the battery cell will withstand the reverse high voltage of the system.
  • the battery core Since the safety distance inside the existing secondary battery is not enough, the battery core withstands the reverse high voltage will have safety risks such as fire or explosion.
  • the top cover assembly is closed on the top opening of the case to provide a sealed space for the electrode assembly and electrolyte inside the case, and the electric energy of the electrode assembly passes through the electrode terminal (terminal The board or pole) is led out to the outside.
  • the top cover assembly includes a top cover plate, a terminal plate used as an electrode terminal, a lower insulator, and a sealing member.
  • the top cover plate is provided with electrode lead-out holes, and the terminal plate is arranged on the top.
  • the lower insulator is arranged below the top cover plate and is used to achieve insulation between the top cover plate and the connection plate of the secondary battery (the connection plate is used to electrically connect the tabs and the terminal plate) and the top
  • the insulation between the cover plate and the electrode assembly, and the sealing member is arranged between the top cover plate and the terminal plate for sealing.
  • the sealing member of the above-mentioned top cover assembly is generally located outside the electrode lead-out hole as a whole, and the creepage distance between the top cover plate and the terminal board is relatively short.
  • the sealing effect of the sealing member Poor, electric gaps are likely to occur between the top cover plate and the terminal plate and the connecting plate, and there is more electrolyte on the creepage distance, and the resistance is small. These cause the high voltage discharge of the secondary battery (due to the high voltage and the fire or even the fire Explosion, etc.).
  • the creepage distance refers to the shortest distance between the two conductive parts along the surface of the solid insulating material; and the electrical clearance refers to the shortest distance in the air between the two conductive parts.
  • the creepage distance is longer and/or the electrical gap is larger, the risk of high voltage discharge between the conductors is lower.
  • the present disclosure improves the structure of the top cover assembly. Based on the improved top cover assembly structure, at least one of the effects of extending the creepage distance, increasing the electrical clearance, and increasing the resistance on the creepage distance is achieved, and then To achieve the purpose of reducing the risk of high-voltage discharge in the secondary battery.
  • FIGS 1-8 show several embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the top cover assembly 10 of the secondary battery 100 provided by the present disclosure includes:
  • the top cover plate 1 has a thickness of 0.01mm-10cm and has an electrode lead-out hole 11;
  • the lower insulating member 2 has a first insulating part 21 and a second insulating part 22 connected to each other.
  • the first insulating part 21 is located below the top cover plate 1, and the second insulating part 22 extends upward from the first insulating part 21, and At least part of the two insulating parts 22 is located in the electrode lead-out hole 11; and
  • the sealing member 3 has a first sealing part 31 and a second sealing part 32 connected to each other.
  • the first sealing part 31 is located on the upper surface of the top cover plate 1, and the second sealing part 32 extends downward from the first sealing part 31, At least part of the second sealing portion 32 is located in the electrode extraction hole 11, and the second sealing portion 32 and the second insulating portion 22 are at least partially staggered in the radial direction of the electrode extraction hole 11 and at least partially overlapped in the height direction.
  • the sealing member 3 By setting the sealing member 3 to have a second sealing portion 32 extending into the electrode extraction hole 11, and between the second sealing portion 32 and the second insulating portion 22 extending into the electrode extraction hole 11 of the lower insulating member 2 It is arranged to be at least partially staggered in the radial direction of the electrode extraction hole 11 and at least partially overlapped in the height direction.
  • the present disclosure can extend the creepage distance between the top cover plate 1 and the electrode terminals, which can effectively reduce the secondary battery 100 Risk of high-voltage discharge problems.
  • the second sealing portion 32 and the second insulating portion 22 are at least partially offset in the radial direction of the electrode lead-out hole 11, relative to the second sealing portion 32 and the second insulating portion 22 in the radial direction of the electrode lead-out hole 11
  • the situation of not opening right and facing up and down can effectively block the discharge gap between the top cover plate 1 and the connecting plate 20, which is also beneficial to reduce the risk of high-voltage ignition or even explosion of the secondary battery 100.
  • the meaning of blocking the electrical gap is to separate the originally continuous environmental medium (for example, liquid medium such as air or electrolyte) between two conductors, so that the environmental medium is no longer continuous, and the two conductors can no longer be broken down. When the electrical gap is blocked, it can be considered that the electrical gap is increased to infinity.
  • the second sealing portion 32 and the second insulating portion 22 are at least partially staggered in the radial direction of the electrode extraction hole 11
  • the second sealing portion 32 may be at least partially located at the second insulating portion 22 near the electrode extraction hole 11.
  • one side of the central axis may be at least partially located between the second insulating portion 22 and the inner wall of the electrode extraction hole 11.
  • the second insulating portion 22 can exert a better pressing effect on the second sealing portion 32 (ie, apply The force along the direction from the center axis of the electrode lead-out hole 11 to the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11), based on this, the second sealing portion 32 can be more closely and reliably attached to the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11, thereby improving the sealing
  • the sealing effect of part 3 helps to reduce the electrolyte in the corresponding position, increase the resistance, reduce the current when the voltage is constant, and reduce the risk of high-voltage discharge. On the other hand, it also helps to block the top more reliably.
  • the electric gap between the cover plate 1 and the electrode terminal or the connecting plate reduces the risk of direct air conduction between the top cover plate 1 and the electrode terminal or the connecting plate.
  • the present disclosure may also take other measures.
  • the lower part of the second sealing portion 32 and the lower insulating member 2 may be arranged to be in a sealed fit with each other. In this way, the sealing cooperation between the lower insulating member 2 and the second sealing portion 32 can be used to improve the sealing effect of the sealing member 3, increase the electrical gap, and reduce the electrolyte on the creepage distance, thereby reducing the occurrence of high voltage discharge.
  • the second sealing portion 32 can be directly sealed and fitted with the first insulating portion 21 and/or the second insulating portion 22, but in order to achieve a better sealing and fitting effect, the lower insulating member 2 can further include a sealing fitting portion 23.
  • the portion 23 protrudes from the upper surface of the first insulating portion 21 and/or the second insulating portion 22 or is recessed downward by the upper surface of the first insulating portion 21 and/or the second insulating portion 22, and the second sealing portion 32 The lower part is sealed and matched with the sealing fitting part 23.
  • the convex or concave sealing mating part 23 is used to seal and cooperate with the lower part of the second sealing part 32, which is relative to the first insulating part.
  • the lower insulating member 2 can be more tightly and reliably sealed and fitted with the lower part of the second sealing part 32, which can also be more effective Reduce the risk of high voltage discharge.
  • the sealing mating part 23 may include a boss protruding from the upper surface of the first insulating part 21 and/or the second insulating part 22, and the longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the boss may be triangular, Sector, trapezoid or rectangle.
  • the boss can be located only on the upper surface of the first insulating portion 21, or can also be located at the connection between the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22.
  • the sealing mating part 23 may also be provided at the top end of the second insulating part 22 and recessed downward from the upper surface of the second insulating part 22.
  • the specific location of the sealing mating portion 23 is not limited. It can be located only on the first insulating portion 21, or at the junction of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22, or only on the second insulating portion. Two insulating parts 22 on.
  • the surface thereof in contact with the second sealing portion 32 may be arranged to be inclined toward a direction close to the center axis of the electrode extraction hole 11 in a downward-to-upward direction. Based on this, the sealing mating part 23 can not only exert an upward force on the second sealing part 32, but also can exert an action on the second sealing part 32 along the direction from the center axis of the electrode extraction hole 11 to the inner wall of the electrode extraction hole 11. It can also play a certain guiding role for the second sealing part 32, guiding the second sealing part 32 to move to the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11, so as to achieve a better sealing effect and more fully block the electrical gap. And reduce the electrolyte on the creepage distance.
  • the sealing fit between the lower portion of the second sealing portion 32 and the lower insulating member 2 may be further set as an interference fit, for example, The lower part of the second sealing portion 32 is in interference fit with the sealing mating portion 23.
  • the contact between the lower insulating member 2 and the lower part of the second sealing portion 32 is closer, the lower insulating member 2 can exert a certain compression effect on the lower part of the second sealing portion 32 (that is, exert pressure upward), so that The lower insulator 2 and the second sealing portion 32 are compressed and sealed, so that the electric gap can be blocked more effectively and the electrolyte on the creepage distance can be reduced, thereby more effectively reducing the risk of high voltage discharge.
  • the lower insulating member 2 may further include a supporting portion 24 supporting the first insulating portion 21, and the supporting portion 24 is provided on the lower surface of the first insulating portion 21 and formed by the lower portion of the first insulating portion 21.
  • the surface protrudes downward, or the supporting portion 24 is provided on the upper surface of the tab connecting portion 201 of the connecting plate 20 and extends upward from the upper surface of the tab connecting portion 201.
  • the supporting portion 24 provided can support the first insulating portion 21, and therefore, can effectively prevent the lower insulating member 2 from falling down, which is beneficial to make the lower insulating member 2 and the second sealing portion 32 more closely contact each other. Achieve a more reliable sealing effect.
  • the secondary battery 100 includes a top cover assembly 10, a connecting plate 20, an electrode assembly 30, a case 40, and the like.
  • the housing 40 has a cavity inside and an open top for accommodating the electrode assembly 30 and the like.
  • the housing 40 may be made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel.
  • the electrode assembly 30 is the core component of the secondary battery 100, which is accommodated in the cavity inside the casing 40, and consists of a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and insulation between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the separators are stacked or rolled together. Wherein, one of the first pole piece and the second pole piece is used as a positive electrode piece and the other is used as a negative electrode piece, and both the first pole piece and the second pole piece have a coating portion coated with an active material and a coating portion.
  • a tab 301 that is not coated with an active material extending from the covering portion. The electric energy generated by the electrode assembly 30 is transmitted to the outside through the tab 301.
  • the tab 301 corresponding to the positive plate can be called the positive tab (the tab 301 on the right in the figure), and the tab 301 corresponding to the negative tab is called the negative tab (the tab on the left in the figure).
  • a Fuse fuse structure, generally a hole
  • a plastic part 302 is sleeved on the part of the connecting plate 20 where the Fuse is provided.
  • the Fuse can fuse and cut off the circuit when the current is too large, and the plastic part 302 can prevent the Fuse from being re-lapped after fuse and play a safety protection role.
  • the top cover assembly 10 is arranged on the top opening of the housing 40 and is used to close the internal cavity of the housing 40 to seal the electrode assembly 30 inside the housing 40 and to export the electric energy generated by the electrode assembly 30 to the housing. Body 40 outside.
  • the top cover assembly 10 includes a top cover plate 1, an electrode terminal assembly 4, a sealing member 3 and a lower insulating member 2.
  • the top cover plate 1 covers the top opening of the housing 40 and provides an installation foundation for the electrode terminal assembly 4, the sealing member 3, the lower insulating member 2, and the like. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the top cover plate 1 of this embodiment is in the shape of a thin plate, and it has a shape and size matching the top opening of the housing 40, which facilitates the connection of the top cover plate 1 and the top opening of the housing 40 to close the housing.
  • the top of the body 40 is open.
  • the top cover plate 1 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole 11, which is a through hole, so that the electrode terminal assembly 4 is electrically connected to the tab 301, so that electric energy can be drawn from the inside to the outside.
  • the number of electrode lead-out holes 11 is also two, corresponding to the positive tab and the negative tab, respectively.
  • the electrode terminal assembly 4, the sealing member 3 and the lower insulating member 2 are all arranged on the top cover plate 1, and corresponding to the two tabs 301, the number of the electrode terminal assembly 4, the sealing member 3 and the lower insulating member 2 are also all Two, of which the electrode terminal assembly 4, the sealing assembly 3 and the lower insulator 2 corresponding to the positive lug form one group, and the negative terminal assembly 4, the sealing assembly 3 and the lower insulator 2 corresponding to the negative lug form another group,
  • the two sets of structures are set to be the same to simplify the structure. Therefore, one group will be mainly described below. If two groups need to be mentioned, they shall be named "positive” and "negative” respectively to facilitate the distinction.
  • the electrode terminal assembly 4 is arranged above the top cover plate 1 and used to electrically connect the tab 301. It includes an electrode terminal and a terminal fixing part, the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab 301, and the electrode terminal is connected to the top cover plate 1 through the terminal fixing part.
  • the electrode terminal does not adopt a pole structure extending into the inside of the housing 40, but adopts the structure of a terminal plate 41, which covers the electrode lead-out
  • the hole 11 is electrically connected to the tab 301 through the connecting plate 20. Since the terminal plate 41 is located outside the electrode extraction hole 11 compared to the pole that extends into the inside of the housing 4 through the electrode extraction hole 11, the internal space of the housing 4 does not need to be occupied. Therefore, the energy density of the secondary battery 100 can be effectively improved .
  • the terminal board 41 may have a round or square sheet or thin plate structure. Among them, the terminal plate 41 corresponding to the positive lug is referred to as a positive terminal plate, and the terminal plate 41 corresponding to the negative lug is referred to as a negative terminal plate.
  • the terminal plate 41 is electrically connected to the tab 301 through the connecting plate 20.
  • the connecting plate 20 is arranged between the electrode assembly 30 and the top cover assembly 10, and is used to electrically connect the tab 301 and the terminal plate 41, so as to transmit the electric energy generated by the electrode assembly 30 to the terminal plate 41, thereby facilitating the terminal plate 41
  • the electric energy is drawn to the outside of the secondary battery 100.
  • the number of connecting plates 20 is two, one of the connecting plates 20 electrically connects the positive lug and the positive terminal plate, and the other connecting plate 20 electrically connects the negative lug and the negative terminal plate.
  • the two connecting plates 20 adopt the same structure. 4 and 5, the connecting plate 20 of this embodiment includes a tab connecting portion 201 and a terminal connecting portion 202.
  • the tab connecting portion 201 is electrically connected to the tab 301, and the terminal connecting portion 202 is electrically connected to the terminal board 41. connection.
  • the electrical connection here can be realized by welding, for example.
  • the tab connecting portion 20 is in the shape of a plate and is approximately parallel to the top cover 1; and the terminal connecting portion 202 is connected to the tab connecting portion 201 and opposite to The tab connecting portion 201 protrudes upward, and the terminal connecting portion 202 extends into the electrode lead-out hole 11 and contacts the terminal plate 41, which facilitates the welding of the terminal connecting portion 202 with the terminal plate 41 located outside the electrode lead-out hole 11 to realize the terminal Electrical connection between the connection portion 202 and the terminal board 41.
  • the terminal connecting portion 202 may have a cylindrical convex structure, which may be formed by stamping the connecting plate 20.
  • the sealing member 3 is provided between the top cover plate 1 and the terminal plate 41 to seal the electrolyte and the like to prevent leakage of the electrolyte and the like, so as to improve the reliability of the secondary battery 100 in use.
  • the sealing member 3 includes a first sealing part 31 and a second sealing part 32, wherein the first sealing part 31 is provided on the upper surface of the top cover plate 1, namely the first sealing part 31
  • the sealing part 31 is located between the upper surface of the top cover plate 1 and the lower surface of the terminal plate 41, so that the terminal plate 41 can press the first sealing part 31 against the upper surface of the top cover plate 1, so that the terminal plate 41 and the top cover A sealing line is formed between the plates 1; and the second sealing portion 32 is connected to the first sealing portion 31 and extends downward from the first sealing portion 31 to the electrode extraction hole 11.
  • the seal 3 may adopt a ring structure as a whole.
  • the first sealing portion 31 and the second sealing portion 32 are both ring-shaped and concentric with each other, and the second sealing portion 32 is located below the first sealing portion 31 and has a smaller diameter than the first sealing portion. 31 the outer diameter size.
  • the upper surface of the top cover plate 1 contacting the first sealing portion 31 is provided with a protrusion 12 protruding upward, and the The protrusion 12 is clamped with the first sealing portion 31, so as to limit the position of the first sealing portion 31, so that the sealing member 3 is more stably arranged on the upper surface of the top cover plate 1, and it is not easy to connect to the electrode lead-out hole 11. Displacement occurs in the radial direction.
  • the protrusion 12 can be formed by stamping. In this case, a groove 13 is formed on the lower surface of the top cover plate 1 at a position corresponding to the protrusion 12, and the groove 13 extends upward from the lower surface of the top cover plate 1. Sunken.
  • the structure of the above-mentioned seal 3 is different from the existing seals.
  • the sealing element also has the first sealing portion 31 described above, it does not have the second sealing portion 32 described above.
  • a second sealing portion 32 is added to the sealing member 3.
  • the advantage is that the sealing member 3 can be easily matched with the top cover plate 1 and the lower insulating member 2 to extend the creepage distance and improve the sealing effect. To solve the problem of high-voltage discharge, this point will be described in more detail in conjunction with the lower insulator 2.
  • the lower insulating member 2 is used to achieve insulation between the top cover plate 1 and the electrode assembly 30 and the connecting plate 20, and is generally made of insulating materials such as plastic. As shown in Figures 2, 4 and 5, the lower insulating member 2 of this embodiment is generally plate-shaped as a whole, which includes a first insulating part 21, a second insulating part 22 and a sealing mating part 23.
  • the first insulating part 21 Located below the top cover plate 1, the second insulating portion 22 is connected to the first insulating portion 21 and extends upward from the first insulating portion 21 to the electrode lead-out hole 11.
  • the sealing mating portion 23 is provided on the first insulating portion 21 and the first insulating portion 21.
  • the junction of the two insulating parts 22 has a boss structure protruding upward from the upper surface of the first insulating part 21.
  • the second insulating part 22 may be a hollow cylindrical protrusion provided on the upper surface of the first insulating part 21, and the sealing mating part 23 may be an annular boss provided around the root of the second insulating part 22.
  • the second insulating portion 22 is entirely located on the right side of the second sealing portion 32, and the second insulating portion 22 extends upward to a higher position, and its top end is located on the top cover plate 1. Above the portion of the upper surface that is in contact with the first sealing portion 31. Based on this, the second insulating portion 22 and the second sealing portion 32 are staggered in the left-right direction in FIG. 5 (that is, the radial direction of the electrode lead-out hole 11), and the second sealing portion 32 is entirely located between the second insulating portion 22 and the electrode lead-out Between the inner walls of the hole 11, the second insulating portion 22 and the second sealing portion 32 overlap in the vertical direction.
  • the creepage distance between the top cover plate 1 and the terminal plate 41 is extended relative to the absence of the second sealing portion 32.
  • the creepage distance between the top cover plate 1 and the terminal plate 41 is only approximately equal to that of the upper surface of the top cover plate 1 that is in contact with the first sealing portion 31 and the terminal plate 41
  • the height between the lower surfaces, and in this embodiment, the creepage path between the top cover plate 1 and the terminal plate 41 is along the upper surface of the first insulating portion 21 directly below the groove 13, and the sealing mating portion 23
  • the surface in contact with the second sealing portion 32 and the surface of the second insulating portion 22 on the side close to the central axis of the electrode lead-out hole 11 extend to the lower surface of the terminal plate 41, and the creepage distance is obviously greater than that of the upper surface of the top cover plate 1.
  • the height between the portion in contact with the first sealing portion 31 and the lower surface of the terminal plate 41 is greater than the creepage distance when the sealing member 3 does not have the second sealing
  • the above arrangement can also block the top cover plate 1 and Connect the electrical gap between the plates 20.
  • the second insulating portion 22 can press the entire second sealing portion 32 toward the inner wall of the electrode extraction hole 11, so that The second sealing portion 32 is in closer and more reliable contact with the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11, therefore, it can also improve the sealing performance, reduce the electrolyte on the creepage path, increase the resistance, and reduce the potential safety hazard.
  • the second insulating portion 22 can protect the second sealing portion 32 to a certain extent, reducing the contact between the sealing member 3 and the electrolyte, which can reduce the risk of swelling of the sealing member 3 under the action of the electrolyte, and is beneficial to lengthening. The life of the seal 3.
  • the second insulating portion 22 When the second insulating portion 22 is set to extend to a higher position, the second insulating portion 22 can be used to exert a squeezing effect and a protective effect on more parts in the height direction of the second sealing portion 22.
  • the second insulating portion 22 located on the right side of the second sealing portion 32 of this embodiment includes a covering portion 22a, which is located on the upper part of the second insulating portion 22, and its entirety is approximately the same as the first insulating portion 22.
  • the two sealing parts 32 are parallel, and they wrap on the surface of the second sealing part 32. Since the provided covering portion 22a can increase the sealing area between the second insulating portion 22 and the second sealing portion 32, and protect the upper part of the second sealing portion 32 to a certain extent, it is relatively The condition of the covering portion 22a can further improve the sealing effect, more effectively reduce potential safety hazards and prolong the service life of the sealing element 3.
  • the covering portion 22a is not limited to the illustrated structure described above. In fact, as long as the surface of the covering portion 22a close to the second sealing portion 32 is approximately parallel to the surface of the second sealing portion 32 close to the second insulation The surface of the portion 22 and the surface of the covering portion 22a close to the second sealing portion 32 may be covered on at least a part of the surface of the second sealing portion 32 close to the second insulating portion 22.
  • the upwardly extending second insulating portion 22 does not contact the lower surface of the terminal plate 41, that is, the top end of the second insulating portion 22 (also the top end of the covering portion 22a) and the bottom of the terminal plate 41 There is an interval between the surfaces.
  • the height h of the interval may be greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to the height difference between the portion of the lower surface of the top cover plate 1 that is in contact with the first sealing portion 31 and the lower surface of the terminal plate 41 .
  • the second insulating portion 22 can effectively squeeze the second sealing portion 32, the second insulating portion 22 can be prevented from falling due to the pressing action of the terminal plate 41, which is beneficial to better realize the lower insulation.
  • the second sealing portion 32 is in an interference fit with the sealing mating portion 23 to realize the upward compression of the lower insulating member 2 on the sealing member 3.
  • the sealing mating portion 23 is a boss provided at the junction of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22, and its longitudinal section (radial section) is triangular, It also has an inclined surface that contacts the lower portion of the second sealing portion 32.
  • the surface of the sealing mating portion 23 that contacts the lower portion of the second sealing portion 32 is referred to as an active surface. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the sealing fitting portion 23 Due to the interference fit between the sealing fitting portion 23 and the lower portion of the second sealing portion 32, the sealing fitting portion 23 not only contacts the lower portion of the second sealing portion 32, but can also exert upward compression on the second sealing portion 32, so that the sealing fitting portion 23 and the lower part of the second sealing part 32 can be more tightly and reliably sealed and fit, therefore, the sealing effect is better, can more effectively block the electric gap and reduce the electrolyte on the creepage distance, thereby more effectively improving the two Work safety of the secondary battery 100.
  • the acting surface is set to be inclined from the bottom to the top toward the direction close to the center axis of the electrode lead-out hole 11, so that the sealing mating portion 23 exerts upward compression on the second sealing portion 32 while also exerting an upward compression on the second sealing portion 32.
  • the sealing portion 32 exerts a pressing action along the direction from the central axis of the electrode lead-out hole 11 to the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11. In this way, the sealing mating part 23 can, together with the covering part 22a, exert a leftward pressing on the second sealing part 32
  • the pressing action increases the pressing force of the lower insulator 2 on the sealing element 3, so that the sealing element 3 can more fully and reliably seal the electrode lead-out hole 11.
  • the inclined working surface can also play a certain guiding role for the second sealing portion 32, guiding the second sealing portion 32 to move to the inside of the groove 13 located on the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11.
  • the seal 3 is used to fill at least part of the groove 13 to seal at least part of the groove 13 to reduce the electrolyte in the groove 13, that is, to reduce the electrolyte on the creepage distance. Therefore, the resistance can be further increased. Reduce the current under the same voltage, thereby reducing the risk of ignition or explosion safety.
  • the included angle between the active surface and the upper surface of the first insulating portion 21 can be set to 10-85°, so as to achieve a good seal while reducing the gap between the lower insulating member 2 and the second sealing portion 32. It is possible to block the discharge gap between the top cover plate 1 and the connecting plate 20 more reliably.
  • the first insulating portion 21, the second insulating portion 22, and the sealing mating portion 23 may be an integral structure or a separate structure. In this embodiment, the first insulating portion 21, the second insulating portion 22, and the sealing mating portion 23 are an integral structure.
  • the top cover assembly 10 in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-5 has a longer creepage distance. At the same time, there is less electrolyte on the creepage distance and a larger discharge gap. At high pressure, it is not easy to cause ignition or even explosion problems, and the use safety is higher.
  • the structure of the top cover assembly 10 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 5 above.
  • Figures 6-8 show a few of the other possible embodiments.
  • Figures 6-8 can be regarded as variants of the embodiment shown in Figure 5. Therefore, the same parts as those in Figure 5 will not be described repeatedly below. For details, refer to the previous description of the embodiment shown in Figure 5 for understanding. Only the differences between the embodiments are described.
  • the top cover assembly 10 still includes a second sealing portion 32, a second insulating portion 22, and a sealing mating part 23, and the sealing mating part 23 is still sealed with the second sealing part through an inclined surface.
  • the lower part of the part 32 has an interference fit.
  • the second insulating portion 22 of this embodiment no longer includes the upper covering portion 22a, but only includes the lower portion connected to the sealing mating portion 23.
  • the lower insulating member 2 of this embodiment not only includes a first insulating portion 21, a second insulating portion 22, and a sealing mating portion 23, but also includes a supporting portion 24 provided on the lower surface of the first insulating portion 21 .
  • the second insulating portion 22 no longer includes the covering portion 22a, and it extends upward to a lower position, and its top end is located on the upper surface of the top cover plate 1 and the first seal The part 31 touches below.
  • the occupation of the inner space of the electrode extraction hole 11 by the second insulating portion 22 can be reduced, so that the second insulating portion 22 does not need to occupy the space above the electrode extraction hole 11.
  • the terminal connection portion 202 can be set to have a larger surface area, which is convenient for the terminal connection portion 202 and the terminal plate 41 to be larger. Area welding, therefore, is beneficial to increase the welding area between the connecting plate 20 and the terminal plate 41, which can enhance the overcurrent capability and reduce heat generation.
  • the top end of the second insulating portion 22 can also be set to be flush with the upper surface of the top cover plate 1. The contact portion of the sealing portion 31 is also beneficial to increase the welding area between the terminal connection portion 202 and the terminal plate 41 at this time.
  • the second insulating portion 22 of this embodiment differs from the second insulating portion 22 shown in FIG. 5 in that the second insulating portion 22 of the second embodiment is matched with a seal
  • the part where the portion 23 is connected has a smaller width in the radial direction of the electrode lead-out hole 11. Because this can also reduce the occupation of the inner space of the electrode lead-out hole 11 by the second insulating portion 22, it is also beneficial to enlarge the connecting plate 20 and the terminal The welding area between the plates 41.
  • the supporting portion 24 is located between the first insulating portion 21 and the tab connecting portion 201, and it protrudes downward from the lower surface of the first insulating portion 21 to insulate the first insulating portion 21.
  • the part 21 plays a supporting role.
  • the height of the supporting portion 24 may be set to be less than or equal to the height difference between the lower surface of the first insulating portion 21 and the upper surface of the tab connecting portion 201.
  • the height of the connection board 20 is usually higher than the height difference between the terminal board 41 and the lower surface of the top cover plate 1.
  • the lug connection part There is inevitably a gap between 201 and the first insulating portion 21, and this embodiment can effectively compensate for the gap between the tab connecting portion 201 and the first insulating portion 21 by providing the supporting portion 24 supported under the first insulating portion 21 And change the cantilever beam structure of the second insulating part 22, so that even if the lower insulating member 2 is subjected to downward pressure from the sealing member 3, it is not easy to fall, which can improve the gap between the lower insulating member 2 and the sealing member 3.
  • the tightness of the contact between the lower insulator 2 can more reliably compress the seal 3, which can more effectively block the electrical gap and reduce the electrolyte on the creepage distance.
  • arranging the supporting portion 2 on the lower surface of the first insulating portion 21 can also increase the strength of the lower insulating member 2 and reduce the deformation of the lower insulating member 2 during production and transportation.
  • a part of the support portion 24 overlaps the second sealing portion 32, that is, the support portion 24 A part is located directly below the second sealing part 32, so that the supporting part 24 can better withstand the downward pressure exerted by the sealing member 3 on the lower insulating member 2, thereby more effectively holding the sealing member 3 and the lower insulating member The sealed state between 2.
  • the supporting portion 24 may be configured as a full-circle annular downward convex structure, or may be configured to include at least two lower convex portions spaced apart from each other; in addition, in addition to being provided on the lower insulating member 2, the supporting portion 24 can also be provided on the connecting plate 20.
  • the supporting portion 24 can be provided on the upper surface of the tab connecting portion 201 and extending upward from the upper surface of the tab connecting portion 201. At this time, the supporting portion 24 can also be insulated from the bottom.
  • the member 2 plays a supporting role, so that the lower insulating member 2 and the sealing member 3 are sealed more tightly and reliably.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
  • this embodiment is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the second insulating portion 22 does not include the covering portion 22a, and the lower insulating member 2 further includes the supporting portion 24, which is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the sealing element 3 not only includes the first sealing portion 31 and the second sealing portion 32, but also includes a third sealing portion 33, which is located on the top cover plate 1. Between the lower surface of the first insulating portion 21 and the upper surface of the first insulating portion 21. Specifically, as can be seen from FIG. 7, the third sealing portion 33 of this embodiment is located in the groove 13 and fills the groove 13.
  • the third sealing portion 33 By using the third sealing portion 33 to fill the entire groove 13 to form a seal to the groove 13, the electrolyte in the groove 13 can be further reduced, and the use safety of the secondary battery 100 can be more effectively improved.
  • the third sealing portion 33 may only fill part of the groove 13, or the third sealing portion 33 may not be provided, so that a part of the first insulating portion 21 is located in the groove 13.
  • the portion of the first insulating portion 21 in the groove 13 fills the groove 13, which can also reduce the electrolyte in the groove 13, and therefore also helps to improve the safety of the secondary battery 100.
  • the sealing mating portions 23 are all provided at the junction of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22, and they are all triangular bosses with a longitudinal cross-section. It has an inclined active surface.
  • the sealing mating part 23 may also be provided at the top end of the second insulating part 22, or the longitudinal section of the sealing mating part 23 that is a boss may also be rectangular, trapezoidal, or fan-shaped. The shape, or alternatively, the sealing mating portion 23 may no longer adopt an upwardly protruding boss structure, but a downwardly recessed structure.
  • Figure 8 shows a modified example of this. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that, in this embodiment, the sealing mating portion 23 is no longer provided at the junction of the first insulating portion 21 and the second insulating portion 22, but at the top end of the second insulating portion 22, and the sealing mating portion 23 does not protrude upward from the upper surface of the second insulating portion 22, but is recessed downward by the upper surface of the second insulating portion 22.
  • the sealing fitting portion 23 By providing a sealing fitting portion 23 recessed downward from the upper surface of the second insulating portion 22 at the top of the second insulating portion 22, on the one hand, the sealing fitting portion 23 can still be easily and reliably interference fit with the lower part of the second sealing portion 32
  • the top end of the second insulating portion 22 forms a stepped structure, and the portion of the stepped structure extending upward from the sealing mating portion 23 is covered on the surface of the second sealing portion 32 on the side close to the central axis of the electrode lead-out hole 11. It can play a role similar to the covering portion 22a shown in FIG. 5, by squeezing the second sealing portion 32 on the inner wall of the electrode lead-out hole 11 to achieve a better sealing effect.
  • the top cover assembly 10 of the present disclosure can effectively reduce the risk of high-voltage discharge in the secondary battery 100. Therefore, applying it to the secondary battery 100 can effectively improve the safety of the secondary battery 100 in use. Therefore, the present disclosure also provides a secondary battery 100 based on the top cover assembly 10 of the present disclosure.
  • the secondary battery 100 can be particularly applied to electric vehicles, and can effectively improve the performance of electric vehicles by reducing potential safety hazards caused by reverse high voltage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种二次电池及其顶盖组件。顶盖组件包括具有电极引出孔的顶盖板、伸入电极引出孔中的第二密封部和第二绝缘部，且第二密封部与第二绝缘部在电极引出孔的径向上至少部分地错开并在高度方向上至少部分地重叠。一种二次电池包括该顶盖组件。二次电池包括该顶盖组件。

Description

二次电池及其顶盖组件
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开是以申请号为201910280648.1，申请日为2019年4月9日，发明名称为“二次电池及其顶盖组件”的中国专利申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该中国专利申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及二次电池技术领域，特别涉及一种二次电池及其顶盖组件。
背景技术
由于锂离子电池等二次电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。在实际使用二次电池的过程中发现，电芯会出现起火，爆炸等安全风险。
发明内容
本公开第一方面提供了一种二次电池的顶盖组件，其包括：
顶盖板，厚度为0.01mm-10cm，并具有电极引出孔；
下绝缘件，具有彼此连接的第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，第一绝缘部位于顶盖板的下方，第二绝缘部由第一绝缘部向上延伸并至少部分位于电极引出孔中；和
密封件，具有彼此连接的第一密封部和第二密封部，第一密封部位于顶盖板的上表面上，第二密封部由第一密封部向下延伸并至少部分位于电极引出孔中，且第二密封部与第二绝缘部在电极引出孔的径向上至少部分地错开并在高度方向上至少部分地重叠。
在一些实施例中，第二密封部的至少部分位于第二绝缘部与电极引出孔的内壁之间。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部包括包覆部，包覆部的靠近第二密封部的表面大致平行于第二密封部的靠近第二绝缘部的表面，且包覆部的靠近第二密封部的表面包覆于第二密封部的靠近第二绝缘部的至少部分表面上。
在一些实施例中，第二绝缘部的顶端高于顶盖板的上表面的与第一密封部接触的 部分，或者，第二绝缘部的顶端平齐于或低于顶盖板的上表面的与第一密封部接触的部分。
在一些实施例中，顶盖组件还包括端子板，端子板位于第一密封部上方并覆盖电极引出孔，第二绝缘部的顶端与端子板的下表面之间具有间隔。
在一些实施例中，第二密封部的下部与下绝缘件密封配合。
在一些实施例中，第二密封部的下部与下绝缘件过盈配合。
在一些实施例中，下绝缘件还包括密封配合部，密封配合部凸出于第一绝缘部和/或第二绝缘部的上表面或者由第一绝缘部和/或第二绝缘部的上表面向下凹陷，且第二密封部的下部与密封配合部密封配合。
在一些实施例中，密封配合部设置于第一绝缘部与第二绝缘部的连接处，或者，密封配合部设置于第二绝缘部的顶端。
在一些实施例中，密封配合部包括凸出于第一绝缘部和/或第二绝缘部上表面的凸台，凸台的纵向截面形状呈三角形、扇形、梯形或者矩形。
在一些实施例中，密封配合部的与第二密封部接触的表面沿着由下至上的方向朝着靠近电极引出孔中心轴线的方向倾斜。
在一些实施例中，密封配合部的与第二密封部接触的表面与第一绝缘部的上表面之间的夹角为10-85°。
在一些实施例中，密封配合部设置于第二绝缘部的顶端并由第二绝缘部的上表面向下凹陷。
在一些实施例中，密封件还包括第三密封部，第三密封部位于顶盖板的下表面与第一绝缘部的上表面之间；或者，顶盖板下表面上设有凹槽，第一绝缘部的一部分位于凹槽内。
在一些实施例中，下绝缘件还包括支撑第一绝缘部的支撑部，支撑部设置于第一绝缘部的下表面并由第一绝缘部的下表面向下凸出，或者，支撑部设置于二次电池的连接板的极耳连接部的上表面并由极耳连接部的上表面向上延伸。
在一些实施例中，支撑部的高度小于或等于第一绝缘部的下表面与极耳连接部的上表面之间的高度差。
在一些实施例中，沿着电极引出孔的径向，支撑部的至少部分与第二密封部重叠。
本公开第二方面还提供了一种二次电池，其包括本公开的顶盖组件。
通过将密封件设置为具有延伸至电极引出孔中的第二密封部，并将第二密封部与 下绝缘件的延伸至电极引出孔中的第二绝缘部之间设置为在电极引出孔的径向上至少部分地错开并在高度方向上至少部分地重叠，可以有效延长爬电距离，进而有利于降低二次电池在承受高压时发生起火或爆炸等问题的风险。
通过以下参照附图对本公开的示例性实施例进行详细描述，本公开的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本公开一实施例二次电池的整体结构示意图。
图2是图1的爆炸图。
图3是图1的俯视图。
图4是图3的A-A剖视图。
图5是图4的局部放大示意图。
图6是本公开一实施例的局部放大示意图。
图7是本公开一实施例的局部放大示意图。
图8是本公开一实施例的局部放大示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有开展创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所 示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开保护范围的限制；方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本公开保护范围的限制。
此外，下面所描述的本公开不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
目前整车系统电压约在300V～900V之间，电芯在发生异常的情况下，会出现内部电路断开或Fuse(熔断结构)断开，这时电芯会承受系统的反向高压，然而，由于现有二次电池内部的安全距离不够，因此，承受反向高压的电芯会出现起火或爆炸等安全风险。
在二次电池中，顶盖组件盖合于壳体的顶部开口上，为位于壳体内部的电极组件和电解液等提供密闭空间，而电极组件的电能则通过顶盖组件的电极端子(端子板或极柱)被引出至外部。
作为顶盖组件的一种结构形式，顶盖组件包括顶盖板、用作电极端子的端子板、下绝缘件和密封件，其中，顶盖板上设有电极引出孔，端子板设置在顶盖板上方并覆盖电极引出孔，下绝缘件设置在顶盖板下方并用于实现顶盖板与二次电池的连接板(连接板用于电连接极耳与端子板)之间的绝缘以及顶盖板与电极组件之间的绝缘，而密封件则设置在顶盖板与端子板之间用于实现密封。
在实践本公开的过程中，发明人发现，上述顶盖组件，其密封件一般整体位于电极引出孔外部，顶盖板与端子板之间的爬电距离较短，同时，密封件的密封效果较差，顶盖板与端子板及连接板之间容易出现电气间隙，并且，爬电距离上的电解液较多，电阻较小，这些是引起二次电池高压放电(因承受高压而大火甚至爆炸等)的重要原因之一。其中，爬电距离是指两导电部件沿固体绝缘材料表面的最短距离；而电气间隙则是指两导电部件之间在空气中的最短距离。当爬电距离越长，和/或电气间隙越大时，导电体之间发生高压放电的风险越低。
鉴于上述情况，本公开对顶盖组件的结构进行改进，基于所改进的顶盖组件结构，达到延长爬电距离、增大电气间隙和增大爬电距离上电阻中的至少一种效果，进而实 现降低二次电池发生高压放电风险的目的。
图1-8示出了本公开的几个实施例。
参照图1-8，本公开所提供的二次电池100的顶盖组件10，包括：
顶盖板1，厚度为0.01mm-10cm，并具有电极引出孔11；
下绝缘件2，具有彼此连接的第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22，第一绝缘部21位于顶盖板1的下方，第二绝缘部22由第一绝缘部21向上延伸，并且第二绝缘部22的至少部分位于电极引出孔11中；和
密封件3，具有彼此连接的第一密封部31和第二密封部32，第一密封部31位于顶盖板1的上表面上，第二密封部32由第一密封部31向下延伸，使第二密封部32的至少部分位于电极引出孔11中，且第二密封部32与第二绝缘部22在电极引出孔11的径向上至少部分地错开并在高度方向上至少部分地重叠。
通过将密封件3设置为具有延伸至电极引出孔11中的第二密封部32，并将第二密封部32与下绝缘件2的延伸至电极引出孔11中的第二绝缘部22之间设置为在电极引出孔11的径向上至少部分地错开并在高度方向上至少部分地重叠，本公开可以延长顶盖板1与电极端子之间的爬电距离，这可以有效降低二次电池100发生高压放电问题的风险。
同时，由于第二密封部32与第二绝缘部22在电极引出孔11的径向上至少部分地错开，因此，相对于第二密封部32与第二绝缘部22在电极引出孔11的径向上不错开而上下正对设置的情况，可以有效阻断顶盖板1与连接板20之间的放电间隙，这也有利于降低二次电池100发生高压点火甚至爆炸的风险。阻断电气间隙的含义在于，将两个导体之间原本连续的环境介质(例如空气或电解液等液体介质)隔开，使得环境介质不再连续，两个导体之间无法再被击穿。当电气间隙被阻断时，可以认为电气间隙被增大至无穷大。
在本公开中，第二密封部32与第二绝缘部22在电极引出孔11的径向上至少部分地错开时，第二密封部32可以至少部分位于第二绝缘部22的靠近电极引出孔11中心轴线的一侧，或者，也可以至少部分位于第二绝缘部22与电极引出孔11的内壁之间。
其中，当第二密封部32的至少部分位于第二绝缘部22与电极引出孔11的内壁之间时，第二绝缘部22可以对第二密封部32施加更好的挤压作用(即施加沿着由电极引出孔11中心轴线至电极引出孔11内壁的方向的作用力)，基于此，第二密封部 32可以更紧密可靠地贴合于电极引出孔11的内壁上，从而可以改善密封件3的密封效果，这一方面有助于减少相应位置的电解液，增大电阻，在电压一定时减小电流，降低高压放电的风险，另一方面还有助于更可靠地阻断顶盖板1与电极端子或连接板之间的电气间隙，降低顶盖板1与电极端子或连接板之间通过空气直接导通的风险。
另外，为了改善密封效果，本公开也可以采取其他措施。
作为其他措施中的一种，可以将第二密封部32的下部与下绝缘件2之间设置为彼此密封配合。这样可以利用下绝缘件2与第二密封部32的密封配合来改善密封件3的密封效果，增大电气间隙，并减少爬电距离上的电解液，从而减少高压放电现象的发生。
其中，第二密封部32可以直接与第一绝缘部21和/或第二绝缘部22密封配合，但为了实现更好的密封配合效果，下绝缘件2可以还包括密封配合部23，密封配合部23凸出于第一绝缘部21和/或第二绝缘部22的上表面或者由第一绝缘部21和/或第二绝缘部22的上表面向下凹陷，且第二密封部32的下部与密封配合部23密封配合。通过在第一绝缘部21和/或第二绝缘部22上设置密封配合部23，利用上凸或下凹的密封配合部23来与第二密封部32的下部密封配合，相对于第一绝缘部21和/或第二绝缘部22直接与第二密封部32下部密封配合的情况，下绝缘件2可以与第二密封部32下部之间更紧密可靠地密封配合，从而也可以更有效地降低高压放电等发生的风险。
作为密封配合部23的一种结构形式，密封配合部23可以包括凸出于第一绝缘部21和/或第二绝缘部22上表面的凸台，该凸台的纵向截面形状可以呈三角形、扇形、梯形或者矩形。其中，凸台可以仅位于第一绝缘部21的上表面上，或者，也可以位于第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的连接处。
作为密封配合部23的另一种结构形式，密封配合部23也可以设置于第二绝缘部22的顶端并由第二绝缘部22的上表面向下凹陷。
可见，密封配合部23的具体设置位置不受局限，其既可以仅位于第一绝缘部21上，也可以位于第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的连接处，或者还可以仅位于第二绝缘部22上。
本公开的密封配合部23，其与第二密封部32接触的表面可以被设置为沿着由下至上的方向朝着靠近电极引出孔11中心轴线的方向倾斜。基于此，密封配合部23不仅可以对第二密封部32施加向上的作用力，同时，还可以对第二密封部32施加沿着 由电极引出孔11中心轴线至电极引出孔11内壁方向的作用力，并且对第二密封部32也能起到一定的导向作用，引导第二密封部32向电极引出孔11内壁一侧移动，从而可以实现更好的密封效果，更充分地阻断电气间隙和减少爬电距离上的电解液。
并且，为了使第二密封部32下部与下绝缘件2之间密封地更紧密，还可以将第二密封部32下部与下绝缘件2之间的密封配合进一步设置为过盈配合，例如使第二密封部32下部与密封配合部23过盈配合。由于在这种情况下，下绝缘件2与第二密封部32下部之间接触更紧密，下绝缘件2可以对第二密封部32下部起到一定的压缩作用(即向上施加压力)，使得下绝缘件2与第二密封部32之间压缩密封，因此，可以更有效地阻断电气间隙和减少爬电距离上的电解液，从而更有效地降低出现高压放电现象的风险。
而作为其他措施中的另一种，下绝缘件2可以还包括支撑第一绝缘部21的支撑部24，支撑部24设置于第一绝缘部21的下表面并由第一绝缘部21的下表面向下凸出，或者，支撑部24设置于连接板20的极耳连接部201的上表面并由极耳连接部201的上表面向上延伸。所设置的支撑部24，由于可以对第一绝缘部21进行支撑，因此，可以有效防止下绝缘件2下坠，进而有利于使下绝缘件2与第二密封部32之间更紧密地接触，实现更可靠的密封效果。
下面结合图1-8所示的各实施例对本公开一些实施例的二次电池及其顶盖组件予以进一步地说明。
首先结合图1-5所示的实施例予以说明。
如图1和图2所示，在该实施例中，二次电池100包括顶盖组件10、连接板20、电极组件30以及壳体40等。
其中，由图2可知，壳体40内部具有空腔，且顶部开口，用于容纳电极组件30等。壳体40可由铝、铝合金或镀镍钢等金属材料制成。
电极组件30为二次电池100的核心部件，其容纳于壳体40内部的空腔中，并由第一极片、第二极片及位于第一极片和第二极片之间的绝缘隔片一同堆叠或卷绕形成。其中，第一极片和第二极片中的一个用作正极片而另一个用于负极片，且第一极片和第二极片均具有涂覆有活性物质的涂覆部和由涂覆部延伸出的未涂覆活性物质的极耳301。电极组件30所产生的电能通过极耳301向外传递。其中，正极片对应的极耳301可以称为正极耳(图中位于右侧的一个极耳301)，而负极片对应的极耳301则称为负极耳(图中位于左侧的一个极耳301)。并且，如图4所示，在与正极耳对 应的连接板20上，还设有Fuse(熔断结构，一般为孔)，且连接板20的设有Fuse的部分上还套设有塑胶件302，其中，Fuse在电流过大时能够发生熔断，切断电路，而塑胶件302可防止Fuse熔断后重新搭接，起到安全保护作用。
顶盖组件10盖设于壳体40的顶部开口，用于封闭壳体40的内部空腔，以将电极组件30密封于壳体40内部，并用于将电极组件30所产生的电能导出至壳体40外部。如图2所示，在该实施例中，顶盖组件10包括顶盖板1、电极端子组件4、密封件3和下绝缘件2。
顶盖板1盖设于壳体40的顶部开口，并为电极端子组件4、密封件3和下绝缘件2等提供安装基础。由图2可知，该实施例的顶盖板1呈薄板状，且其具有与壳体40顶部开口相适配的形状和尺寸，方便顶盖板1与壳体40的顶部开口连接，封闭壳体40的顶部开口。同时，顶盖板1上设有电极引出孔11，该电极引出孔11为通孔，以便于电极端子组件4与极耳301电连接，实现电能由内部向外部的引出。与两个极耳301相应地，电极引出孔11的数量也为两个，分别对应正极耳和负极耳。
电极端子组件4、密封件3和下绝缘件2均设置在顶盖板1上，且与两个极耳301相应地，电极端子组件4、密封件3和下绝缘件2的数量也均为两个，其中与正极耳相应的电极端子组件4、密封组件3和下绝缘件2组成一组，而与负极耳相应的负极端子组件4、密封组件3和下绝缘件2组成另一组，两组结构设置为相同的，以简化结构。因此，以下主要描述其中一组。若需要提及两组时，则分别加以“正”和“负”命名，以方便区分。
电极端子组件4设置于顶盖板1的上方，并用于电连接极耳301。其包括电极端子和端子固定件，电极端子与极耳301电连接，且电极端子通过端子固定件与顶盖板1连接。
具体地，如图4和图5所示，在该实施例中，电极端子未采用伸入壳体40内部的极柱结构，而是采用端子板41的结构形式，该端子板41覆盖电极引出孔11，并通过连接板20与极耳301电连接。由于相对于经由电极引出孔11伸入壳体4内部的极柱，端子板41位于电极引出孔11外部，无需占用壳体4的内部空间，因此，能够有效地提高二次电池100的能量密度。端子板41可以为圆形或方形薄片或薄板状结构。其中，与正极耳相应的端子板41称为正端子板，而与负极耳相应的端子板41称为负端子板。
在该实施例中，端子板41通过连接板20与极耳301电连接。其中，连接板20 设置在电极组件30与顶盖组件10之间，用于电连接极耳301与端子板41，以将电极组件30所产生的电能传递至端子板41，进而方便端子板41将电能引出至二次电池100外部。由图2可知，在该实施例中，连接板20的数量为两个，其中一个连接板20电连接正极耳与正端子板，另一个连接板20则电连接负极耳与负端子板。
为了简化结构，在该实施例中，两个连接板20采用相同的结构。如图4和图5所示，该实施例的连接板20包括极耳连接部201和端子连接部202，极耳连接部201与极耳301电连接，端子连接部202则与端子板41电连接。此处的电连接例如可以采用焊接方式实现。并且，结合图4和图5可知，在该实施例中，极耳连接部20呈板状，并与顶盖板1大致平行；而端子连接部202则与极耳连接部201连接并相对于极耳连接部201向上凸出，且该端子连接部202伸入电极引出孔11中并与端子板41接触，这样方便端子连接部202与位于电极引出孔11外部的端子板41焊接，实现端子连接部202与端子板41之间的电连接。其中端子连接部202可以呈圆柱形凸包结构，其可以通过对连接板20进行冲压形成。
密封件3设置在顶盖板1与端子板41之间，用于对电解液等进行密封，防止电解液等发生泄漏，以提高二次电池100的使用可靠性。如图5所示，在该实施例中，密封件3包括第一密封部31和第二密封部32，其中，第一密封部31设置在顶盖板1的上表面上，即该第一密封部31位于顶盖板1的上表面与端子板41的下表面之间，这样端子板41可以将第一密封部31压紧于顶盖板1的上表面，使得端子板41与顶盖板1之间形成一道密封线；而第二密封部32则与第一密封部31连接并由第一密封部31向下延伸至电极引出孔11中。密封件3整体可以采用环形结构，此时，第一密封部31和第二密封部32均呈环形并彼此同心，且第二密封部32位于第一密封部31下方并具有小于第一密封部31的外径尺寸。
而为了实现密封件3的稳固设置，如图5所示，在该实施例中，顶盖板1的与第一密封部31接触的上表面上设有向上凸出的凸起12，且该凸起12与第一密封部31卡接，从而实现对第一密封部31的限位，使得密封件3被更稳定地设置于顶盖板1的上表面上，不容易在电极引出孔11的径向上发生位移。该凸起12可以采用冲压方式形成，这种情况下，在顶盖板1下表面的与该凸起12对应的位置会形成凹槽13，该凹槽13由顶盖板1的下表面向上凹陷。
上述密封件3的结构不同于现有的密封件。现有技术中，密封件虽同样具有上述第一密封部31，却并不具有上述第二密封部32。而该实施例在密封件3中增设第二 密封部32，其好处在于，可以方便密封件3通过与顶盖板1及下绝缘件2配合，来延长爬电距离，及改善密封效果，进而解决高压放电问题，这一点接下来将结合下绝缘件2予以更详细地说明。
下绝缘件2用于实现顶盖板1与电极组件30及连接板20之间的绝缘，其一般采用塑料等绝缘材料制成。如图2、图4和图5所示，该实施例的下绝缘件2整体大致呈板状，其包括第一绝缘部21、第二绝缘部22和密封配合部23，第一绝缘部21位于顶盖板1的下方，第二绝缘部22与第一绝缘部21连接并由第一绝缘部21向上延伸至电极引出孔11中，密封配合部23则设置在第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的连接处并呈由第一绝缘部21的上表面向上凸出的凸台结构。第二绝缘部22可以为设置在第一绝缘部21上表面上的中空圆柱状凸出部，而密封配合部23则可以为围绕第二绝缘部22根部设置的环状凸台。
其中，如图5所示，在该实施例中，第二绝缘部22整体位于第二密封部32的右侧，且第二绝缘部22向上延伸至较高位置，其顶端位于顶盖板1上表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分的上方。基于此，第二绝缘部22与第二密封部32在图5中的左右方向(即电极引出孔11的径向)上错开设置，第二密封部32整体位于第二绝缘部22与电极引出孔11的内壁之间，且第二绝缘部22与第二密封部32在上下方向上重叠。
基于上述设置，相对于缺少第二密封部32的情况，顶盖板1与端子板41之间的爬电距离得以延长。当密封件3不具有第二密封部32时，顶盖板1与端子板41之间的爬电距离仅大致等于顶盖板1上表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分与端子板41下表面之间的高度，而在该实施例中，顶盖板1与端子板41之间的爬电路径沿着第一绝缘部21的位于凹槽13正下方的上表面、密封配合部23的与第二密封部32接触的表面、以及第二绝缘部22的靠近电极引出孔11中心轴线一侧的表面延伸至端子板41的下表面，爬电距离显然大于顶盖板1上表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分与端子板41下表面之间的高度，即大于密封件3不具有第二密封部32时的爬电距离。
同时，相对于第二绝缘部22和第二密封部32上下正对设置(即二者在电极引出孔11的径向上彼此并不错开)的情况，上述设置还可以阻断顶盖板1与连接板20之间的电气间隙。
并且，由于第二密封部32整体位于第二绝缘部22与电极引出孔11的内壁之间，第二绝缘部22可以朝靠近电极引出孔11内壁的方向挤压整个第二密封部32，使第二 密封部32更紧密且更可靠地与电极引出孔11内壁接触，因此，还能够提升密封性，减少爬电路径上的电解液，增大电阻，减少安全隐患。同时，第二绝缘部22可以对第二密封部32起到一定的保护作用，减少密封件3与电解液的接触，这样可以降低密封件3在电解液作用下发生溶胀的风险，有利于延长密封件3的寿命。而将第二绝缘部22设置为延伸至较高位置，可以利用第二绝缘部22对第二密封部22高度方向上的更多部分施加挤压作用及保护作用。
其中如图5所示，该实施例的位于第二密封部32右侧的第二绝缘部22包括包覆部22a，该包覆部22a位于第二绝缘部22的上部，其整体大致与第二密封部32平行，且其包覆于第二密封部32的表面上。由于所设置的包覆部22a可以增加第二绝缘部22与第二密封部32的密封面积，并对第二密封部32的位于上部的部分起到一定的保护作用，因此，相对于未设置包覆部22a的情况，可以进一步地改善密封效果，更有效地减少安全隐患及延长密封件3的使用寿命。
需要说明的是，包覆部22a并不局限于上述描述的图示结构，实际上，只要包覆部22a的靠近第二密封部32的表面大致平行于第二密封部32的靠近第二绝缘部22的表面，且包覆部22a的靠近第二密封部32的表面包覆于第二密封部32的靠近第二绝缘部22的至少部分表面上即可。
另外，在该实施例中，向上延伸的第二绝缘部22并不与端子板41的下表面接触，即第二绝缘部22的顶端(也是包覆部22a的顶端)与端子板41的下表面之间具有间隔，例如该间隔的高度h可以大于或等于0.01mm，并且小于或等于顶盖板1下表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分与端子板41下表面之间的高度差。基于此，可以在使第二绝缘部22有效挤压第二密封部32的前提下，避免第二绝缘部22因承受端子板41的下压作用而下坠，这有利于更好地实现下绝缘件2对密封件3的向左的压缩作用以及接下来将要描述的下绝缘件2对密封件3的向上的压缩作用。
在该实施例中，第二密封部32通过与密封配合部23过盈配合，来实现下绝缘件2对密封件3的向上的压缩作用。具体地，如图5所示，在该实施例中，密封配合部23为设置在第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22连接处的凸台，其纵向截面(径向截面)呈三角形，并具有倾斜设置的与第二密封部32下部接触的表面。为了描述方便，将密封配合部23的与第二密封部32下部接触的表面称为作用表面。由图5可知，该作用表面与第二密封部32的下部抵接，二者彼此干涉，形成过盈配合，且该作用表面沿着由下至上的方向向着靠近电极引出孔11中心轴线的方向(图5中即为向右)倾 斜。
由于密封配合部23与第二密封部32的下部过盈配合，密封配合部23不仅与第二密封部32的下部接触，还能对第二密封部32施加向上的压缩作用，使得密封配合部23与第二密封部32的下部之间可以更紧密可靠地密封配合，因此，密封效果更好，可以更有效地阻断电气间隙和减少爬电距离上的电解液，从而更有效地提高二次电池100的工作安全性。
而将作用表面设置为沿着由下至上的方向向着靠近电极引出孔11中心轴线的方向倾斜，则使得密封配合部23在对第二密封部32施加向上压缩作用的同时，还能对第二密封部32施加沿着由电极引出孔11中心轴线至电极引出孔11内壁方向的挤压作用，这样，密封配合部23可以与包覆部22a一起，对第二密封部32施加向左的挤压作用，增大下绝缘件2对密封件3的挤压作用力，实现密封件3对电极引出孔11更充分可靠地密封效果。并且，该倾斜设置的作用表面，还可以对第二密封部32起到一定的导向作用，引导第二密封部32向位于电极引出孔11内壁一侧的凹槽13的内部移动，由于这样可以利用密封件3填充凹槽13的至少部分，对凹槽13的至少部分进行密封，减少凹槽13中的电解液，即减少爬电距离上的电解液，因此，可以进一步增大电阻，在相同电压下减小电流，进而降低点火或爆炸安全风险。
其中，作用表面与第一绝缘部21的上表面之间的夹角可以设置为10-85°，以在实现良好密封的同时，减少下绝缘件2与第二密封部32之间出现间隙的可能，更为可靠地阻断顶盖板1与连接板20之间的放电间隙。
第一绝缘部21、第二绝缘部22和密封配合部23可以为一体式结构或分体式结构。在该实施例中，第一绝缘部21、第二绝缘部22和密封配合部23为一体式结构。
综合上述描述可知，图1-5所示实施例中的顶盖组件10，具有较长的爬电距离，同时，爬电距离上电解液较少，且放电间隙较大，因此，在承受反向高压时，不容易出现点火甚至爆炸问题，使用安全性更高。
然而，为了提高二次电池100的使用安全性，顶盖组件10的结构并不局限于上述图5所示。图6-8示出了其他可行实施例中的几个。
图6-8均可以看作图5所示实施例的变型，因此，与图5相同的部分以下不再重复描述，具体可以参照前面对图5所示实施例的描述予以理解，接下来仅重点描述各实施例的不同之处。
其中，在图6所示的实施例中，顶盖组件10仍然包括第二密封部32、第二绝缘 部22和密封配合部23，且密封配合部23仍通过倾斜的作用表面与第二密封部32的下部过盈配合。而与图5所示实施例的不同之处主要在于，一方面，该实施例的第二绝缘部22不再包括位于上部的包覆部22a，而仅包括与密封配合部23连接的位于下部的部分；另一方面，该实施例的下绝缘件2不仅包括第一绝缘部21、第二绝缘部22和密封配合部23，还包括设置在第一绝缘部21下表面上的支撑部24。
具体地，由图6可知，在该实施例中，第二绝缘部22不再包括包覆部22a，且其向上延伸至较低位置，其顶端位于顶盖板1上表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分的下方。通过使第二绝缘部22设置为向上延伸至较低位置，可以减少第二绝缘部22对电极引出孔11内部空间的占用，使得第二绝缘部22无需再占用电极引出孔11上部的空间，由于这可以为位于电极引出孔11上部的端子连接部202留出更多的空间，使端子连接部202可以被设置为具有更大的表面积，方便端子连接部202与端子板41以更大的面积焊接，因此，有利于增大连接板20与端子板41之间的焊接面积，这可以增强过流能力，减少发热。其中，除了可以低于顶盖板1的上表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分，第二绝缘部22的顶端还可以被设置为平齐于顶盖板1的上表面的与第一密封部31接触的部分，此时也有利于增大端子连接部202与端子板41之间的焊接面积。
并且，比较图5和图6可知，该实施例的第二绝缘部22与图5所示的第二绝缘部22的区别还在于，该第二实施例的第二绝缘部22的与密封配合部23连接的部分在电极引出孔11径向上具有更小的宽度，由于这也可以减少第二绝缘部22对电极引出孔11内部空间的占用，因此，也有利于增大连接板20与端子板41之间的焊接面积。
同时，由图6可知，在该实施例中，支撑部24位于第一绝缘部21与极耳连接部201之间，其由第一绝缘部21的下表面向下凸出，对第一绝缘部21起到支撑作用。其中，支撑部24的高度可以设置为小于或等于第一绝缘部21的下表面与极耳连接部201的上表面之间的高度差。
为使端子连接部202与端子板41焊接良好，连接板20的高度通常高于端子板41与顶盖板1下表面的高度差，同时由于设置塑胶件302等原因，因此，极耳连接部201与第一绝缘部21之间不可避免地存在间隙，而该实施例通过设置支撑于第一绝缘部21下方的支撑部24，可以有效弥补极耳连接部201与第一绝缘部21之间的间隙，并改变第二绝缘部22的悬臂梁结构，使得下绝缘件2即使受到密封件3等施加的向下 的压力，也不容易下坠，这可以提高下绝缘件2与密封件3之间的接触紧密性，方便下绝缘件2更可靠地压缩密封件3，更有效地阻断电气间隙和减少爬电距离上的电解液。同时，将支撑部2设置于第一绝缘部21的下表面上，还可以提高下绝缘件2的强度，减少在生产及搬运过程中下绝缘件2所产生的变形。
并且，由图6可知，在该实施例中，沿着电极引出孔11的径向(图6中的左右方向)，支撑部24的一部分与第二密封部32重叠，即，支撑部24的一部分位于第二密封部32的正下方，这样支撑部24可以更好地承受密封件3对下绝缘件2所施加的向下的压力作用，进而可以更有效地保持密封件3与下绝缘件2之间的密封状态。
应当理解，支撑部24既可以被设置为一整圈的环形下凸结构，也可以被设置为包括至少两个彼此间隔的下凸部；另外，除了可以设置于下绝缘件2上，支撑部24也可以设置在连接板20上，例如，支撑部24可以设置于极耳连接部201的上表面并由极耳连接部201的上表面向上延伸，此时的支撑部24也能对下绝缘件2起到支撑作用，从而使下绝缘件2与密封件3之间更紧密可靠地密封。
图7所示的实施例是图6所示实施例的变型。如图7所示，该实施例与图6所示实施例相同的，第二绝缘部22不包括包覆部22a，且下绝缘件2还包括支撑部24，而与图6所示实施例的不同之处主要在于，在该实施例中，密封件3不仅包括第一密封部31和第二密封部32，还同时包括第三密封部33，该第三密封部33位于顶盖板1的下表面与第一绝缘部21的上表面之间。具体地，由图7可知，该实施例的第三密封部33位于凹槽13中，并充满凹槽13。
通过利用第三密封部33对整个凹槽13进行填补，形成对凹槽13的密封，可以进一步减少凹槽13中的电解液，进而可以更有效地提高二次电池100的使用安全性。
作为替代，第三密封部33也可以仅填充凹槽13的部分，或者还可以不设置第三密封部33，而使得第一绝缘部21的一部分位于凹槽13内，由于这时利用位于凹槽13内的第一绝缘部21的部分填充凹槽13，也可以减少凹槽13中的电解液，因此也有助于提高二次电池100的使用安全性。
综合图5-7可知，在前述三个实施例中，密封配合部23均设置在第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的连接处，且均为纵向截面呈三角形的凸台，并均具有倾斜的作用表面，然而作为变型，密封配合部23也可以被设置在第二绝缘部22的顶端，或者，为凸台的密封配合部23的纵向截面也可以呈矩形、梯形或者扇形等其他形状，再或者，密封配合部23还可以不再采用向上凸出的凸台结构，而是采用向下凹陷的结构 形式。
图8示出了其中的一个变型例。由图8可知，在该实施例中，密封配合部23不再设置于第一绝缘部21和第二绝缘部22的连接处，而是设置于第二绝缘部22的顶端，且密封配合部23并不由第二绝缘部22的上表面向上凸出，而是由第二绝缘部22的上表面向下凹陷。
通过在第二绝缘部22的顶端设置由第二绝缘部22上表面向下凹陷的密封配合部23，一方面，密封配合部23仍可方便可靠地与第二密封部32的下部过盈配合，另一方面，第二绝缘部22的顶端形成台阶结构，台阶结构的由密封配合部23向上延伸的部分包覆于第二密封部32的靠近电极引出孔11中心轴线一侧的表面上，可以起到类似于图5所示包覆部22a的作用，将第二密封部32挤压于电极引出孔11内壁上，实现更好的密封效果。
综合前述可知，本公开的顶盖组件10，可以有效降低二次电池100发生高压放电现象的风险，因此，将其应用于二次电池100中，可以有效提高二次电池100的使用安全性。因此，本公开还提供了一种基于本公开顶盖组件10的二次电池100。该二次电池100尤其可以应用于电动汽车中，通过减少反向高压所带来的安全隐患，来有效改善电动汽车的性能。
以上所述仅为本公开的示例性实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种二次电池(100)的顶盖组件(10)，包括：
    顶盖板(1)，厚度为0.01mm-10cm，并具有电极引出孔(11)；
    下绝缘件(2)，具有彼此连接的第一绝缘部(21)和第二绝缘部(22)，所述第一绝缘部(21)位于所述顶盖板(1)的下方，所述第二绝缘部(22)由所述第一绝缘部(21)向上延伸并至少部分位于所述电极引出孔(11)中；和
    密封件(3)，具有彼此连接的第一密封部(31)和第二密封部(32)，所述第一密封部(31)位于所述顶盖板(1)的上表面上，所述第二密封部(32)由所述第一密封部(31)向下延伸并至少部分位于所述电极引出孔(11)中，且所述第二密封部(32)与所述第二绝缘部(22)在所述电极引出孔(11)的径向上至少部分地错开并在高度方向上至少部分地重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述第二密封部(32)的至少部分位于所述第二绝缘部(22)与所述电极引出孔(11)的内壁之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述第二绝缘部(22)包括包覆部(22a)，所述包覆部(22a)的靠近所述第二密封部(32)的表面大致平行于所述第二密封部(32)的靠近所述第二绝缘部(22)的表面，且所述包覆部(22a)的靠近所述第二密封部(32)的表面包覆于所述第二密封部(32)的靠近所述第二绝缘部(22)的至少部分表面上。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述第二绝缘部(22)的顶端高于所述顶盖板(1)的上表面的与所述第一密封部(31)接触的部分，或者，所述第二绝缘部(22)的顶端平齐于或低于所述顶盖板(1)的上表面的与所述第一密封部(31)接触的部分。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述顶盖组件(10)还包括端子板(41)，所述端子板(41)位于所述第一密封部(31)上方并覆盖所述电极引出孔(11)，所述第二绝缘部(22)的顶端与所述端子板(41)的下表面之间具有 间隔。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述第二密封部(32)的下部与所述下绝缘件(2)密封配合。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述第二密封部(32)的下部与所述下绝缘件(2)过盈配合。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述下绝缘件(2)还包括密封配合部(23)，所述密封配合部(23)凸出于所述第一绝缘部(21)和/或所述第二绝缘部(22)的上表面或者由所述第一绝缘部(21)和/或所述第二绝缘部(22)的上表面向下凹陷，且所述第二密封部(32)的下部与所述密封配合部(23)密封配合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述密封配合部(23)设置于所述第一绝缘部(21)与所述第二绝缘部(22)的连接处，或者，所述密封配合部(23)设置于所述第二绝缘部(22)的顶端。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述密封配合部(23)包括凸出于所述第一绝缘部(21)和/或所述第二绝缘部(22)上表面的凸台，所述凸台的纵向截面形状呈三角形、扇形、梯形或者矩形。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述密封配合部(23)的与所述第二密封部(32)接触的表面沿着由下至上的方向朝着靠近所述电极引出孔(11)中心轴线的方向倾斜。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述密封配合部(23)的与所述第二密封部(32)接触的表面与所述第一绝缘部(21)的上表面之间的夹角为10-85°。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述密封配合部(23)设置于所 述第二绝缘部(22)的顶端并由所述第二绝缘部(22)的上表面向下凹陷。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述密封件(3)还包括第三密封部(33)，所述第三密封部(33)位于所述顶盖板(1)的下表面与所述第一绝缘部(21)的上表面之间；或者，所述顶盖板(1)下表面上设有凹槽(13)，所述第一绝缘部(21)的一部分位于所述凹槽(13)内。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述下绝缘件(2)还包括支撑所述第一绝缘部(21)的支撑部(24)，所述支撑部(24)设置于所述第一绝缘部(21)的下表面并由所述第一绝缘部(21)的下表面向下凸出，或者，所述支撑部(24)设置于二次电池(100)的连接板(20)的极耳连接部(201)的上表面并由所述极耳连接部(201)的上表面向上延伸。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中所述支撑部(24)的高度小于或等于所述第一绝缘部(21)的下表面与所述极耳连接部(201)的上表面之间的高度差。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的顶盖组件(10)，其中沿着所述电极引出孔(11)的径向，所述支撑部(24)的至少部分与所述第二密封部(32)重叠。
  18. 一种二次电池(100)，包括如权利要求1-17任一所述的顶盖组件(10)。
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