WO2020202849A1 - Module de batterie comprenant un dispositif d'équilibrage - Google Patents

Module de batterie comprenant un dispositif d'équilibrage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020202849A1
WO2020202849A1 PCT/JP2020/006167 JP2020006167W WO2020202849A1 WO 2020202849 A1 WO2020202849 A1 WO 2020202849A1 JP 2020006167 W JP2020006167 W JP 2020006167W WO 2020202849 A1 WO2020202849 A1 WO 2020202849A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
balancer
battery
cell
battery module
cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2020/006167
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
耕一 山野上
正好 高橋
大介 槇尾
Original Assignee
株式会社今仙電機製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社今仙電機製作所 filed Critical 株式会社今仙電機製作所
Publication of WO2020202849A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020202849A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery module provided with a balancer.
  • the present invention relates to a battery module mounted on a vehicle or the like to supply electric power at a high voltage.
  • a battery module in which a plurality of cells (single batteries) are connected in series is widely used.
  • the remaining capacity and output voltage of each cell become non-uniform during repeated charging and discharging, and the charging state may vary.
  • the variation in the charging state of each cell lowers the effective capacity of the entire battery module, and overcharges or overdischarges causes deterioration of individual cells. Therefore, a balance control device, that is, a balancer, that performs charge / discharge control for each cell and equalizes the charging state of the cells is required.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a voltage balance correction technique using a capacitor as a charge / discharge control device.
  • the charge / discharge control device of Patent Document 1 includes an assembled power supply in which a plurality of unit capacitors are connected in series as cells, and one adjusting cell capable of charging / discharging each cell of the assembled power supply provides a switch. Connected via.
  • the adjustment cells are sequentially connected to each cell of the assembled power supply, and the voltage of each cell is made uniform by charging / discharging between the adjustment cell and each cell.
  • Battery modules that supply high-voltage power tended to have a larger mounting area due to the larger balancer that controls charge / discharge. Also, the entire battery module tends to be expensive.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a novel charge / discharge control technique using a balancer, which is an object to be solved to reduce the size of the entire battery module.
  • the invention according to claim 1 relates to a battery module in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series.
  • the battery module of the present invention includes an output battery connected to an external load and a battery adjacent to the output battery that maintains a voltage equal to that of the output battery. It is connected in parallel with all the batteries and has a first balancer that controls the charge and discharge of the entire battery module. Further, in the battery module of the present invention, each battery includes a plurality of cells and a cell balancer that controls charge / discharge of the cells.
  • the battery module of the present invention is characterized in that the cell balancer is a balancer having a capacity smaller than the output current of the battery.
  • the battery module of the present invention further provides a hierarchical connection balancer that is connected to two or more cells in a group of cells whose cell balance is adjusted by two or more cell balancers to provide a hierarchical connection structure for the balancer in the battery. It is preferable to have it.
  • the cell balancer adjusts the balance of two cells
  • the layer-forming balancer is connected to the two cell balancers or the two layer-forming balancers. It is preferable that the number of cells contained in the battery is a power of 2.
  • the cell balancer and the layer forming balancer have the same capacity.
  • the battery module provided with the balancer according to the present invention uses a small-capacity balancer as a cell balancer for controlling the balance of charge / discharge states of each cell in the battery. Further, a large-capacity balancer is used as the first balancer that balances the entire battery module. By using a small-capacity balancer and a large-capacity balancer together, it is possible to provide a large-capacity power supply system at a lower cost than when a large-capacity balancer with the same capacity as in the conventional case is used. ..
  • the number of balancers used as a whole can be reduced by connecting the balancer to the balancer in a multi-stage hierarchical connection structure.
  • a small-capacity balancer with a small electric capacity and a large-capacity balancer with an electric capacity equal to or greater than the output current value parts can be shared and the battery can be used more efficiently. Modules can be manufactured.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a connection state of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention with an active balancer for each battery.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a connection state between a cell included in a battery and an active balancer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a connection state between a cell included in a battery and an active balancer according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement of balancers in the battery module of the comparative example.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an active balancer preferably used in the present invention.
  • the cell is the smallest unit constituting the battery.
  • the cell has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte filled between the electrodes, and is also called a cell.
  • a lithium ion cell As the cell, a lithium ion cell, a nickel hydrogen cell, an ELDC cell and the like are known depending on the structure.
  • a lithium ion cell is particularly preferably used.
  • the battery is one in which two or more cells are connected in series and a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal are arranged at a terminal portion. Power can be supplied to the external load from the terminals of the battery.
  • the battery module refers to a power supply means in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series.
  • the balancer is a voltage or capacity that is connected to a plurality of cells or a plurality of batteries to adjust the charge and discharge states of each cell or battery and prevent over-discharge or over-charge. It is a means to control the balance.
  • an active balancer is preferably used.
  • the active balancer controls, for example, to temporarily store the electric power of a cell having a large charge state in a capacitor and redistribute it to a cell having a small charge state.
  • FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of an active balancer preferably used in the present invention.
  • the active balancer of FIG. 5 includes a capacitor Cr and a half-bridge circuit for switching. Capacitors are connected to two adjacent cells via a half-bridge circuit.
  • the capacitor Cr of the active balancer shown in FIG. 5 can be connected to the adjacent cell group and the cell group included in the battery via a half-bridge circuit. Further, the capacitor Cr can be connected to adjacent batteries via a half-bridge circuit to control the balance of voltage and capacity between the batteries. In the case of the connection form shown in FIG. 5, the capacitor Cr is alternately switched and connected to one cell and the other cell. At this time, if there is a potential difference between the connected cell and the capacitor, the charge moves from cell to capacitor or from capacitor to cell, and it is automatically uniform so that the potential difference disappears between the cell and the capacitor. Be transformed.
  • batteries 11, 12, 13, and 14 capable of supplying electric power at a voltage of 12 V are connected in series, and a vehicle battery module for supplying electric power with a voltage of 12 V is configured by a battery module 10 capable of outputting 48 V. are doing.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an outline of a battery module 10 connected to a generator 2 and a load 3. In this embodiment, a mode in which electricity of 12V100A is output from the battery 11 to the load 3 will be described.
  • the first balancer 15 is provided, which is connected in parallel with all the batteries to form a bypass circuit.
  • the first balancer 16 performs balance control of the discharge state of each battery so that the combined voltage of the batteries 11 and 12 and the combined voltage of the batteries 13 and 14 are both 24 V. ..
  • the second balancer 16 is connected in parallel to the battery 11 and the battery 12, and balance control is performed during charging and discharging so that the output voltages of the battery 11 and the battery 12 are 12V and the potential difference between the two is eliminated. Is going.
  • both the first balancer 15 and the second balancer 16 have an electric capacity of 100 A corresponding to an output current of 100 A.
  • Batteries 11, 12, 13, and 14 each include a plurality of cells 21 connected in series. In the present embodiment, the cells 21 all have the same capacity and the same voltage.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as an example, a configuration in which four cells 21 connected in series in batteries 11, 12, 13, and 14 are provided. When the output voltage of the battery is 12V, cells 21 each having a potential of approximately 3V are applied.
  • the number of cells and the output voltage in the batteries 11, 12, 13, and 14 are examples, and are not limited to the form shown in FIG.
  • a cell balancer that controls charging / discharging of the cell 21 to maintain a uniform potential is arranged.
  • the cell balancer is a balancer having a capacity smaller than the output current of the batteries 11, 12, 13, and 14. Further, it is preferable that a tier connection balancer that provides a multi-stage tier connection structure of the balancer is further arranged in the battery.
  • the hierarchical cell common-use balancer provides a hierarchical connection structure of a balancer by connecting with two or more cell groups whose cell balance is adjusted by the l-cell balancer.
  • the small-capacity cell balancer 22 and the hierarchical connection balancer 23 are used to make the charging state of each cell 21 uniform, and a large-capacity battery module is provided at low cost.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a connection state between a cell included in the battery of the battery module 10 of this embodiment and an active balancer.
  • the battery module 10 of this embodiment includes four batteries, and each battery contains four cells 21. A cell having the same output voltage of 3 V is applied to the cell 21. In this embodiment, 12 V of electric power is discharged from the output terminal of the battery 11 to supply power to the load 3.
  • the battery module 10 of this embodiment includes a cell balancer 22 that equalizes the charging state between the adjacent cells 21 and 21.
  • the cell balancer 22 is connected to the cell balancer 22 for each of two adjacent cells 21.
  • the capacity of the cell balancer 22 is significantly smaller, 5A, while the output current is 100A.
  • the two cells whose balance is adjusted by the cell balancer 22 will also be referred to as a “cell group”.
  • the battery module 10 is provided with a hierarchical connection balancer 23 that connects one cell group and further cell groups adjacent to the cell group to equalize the charging state in the plurality of cell groups.
  • a hierarchical connection balancer 23 that connects one cell group and further cell groups adjacent to the cell group to equalize the charging state in the plurality of cell groups.
  • two cell balancers and four cells 22 are connected to the hierarchical connection balancer 23 to form a hierarchical structure. It can be said that such a connection form is such that the cell balancer 22 and the hierarchical connection balancer 23 are connected in multiple stages.
  • the layer connection balancer 23 has the same electric capacity of 5A as the cell balancer 22.
  • the same type of active balancer can be applied to the hierarchical connection balancer 23 and the cell balancer 22.
  • the battery module 10 also includes a first balancer 15 and a second balancer 16 having a capacity equal to or higher than the output current value, and controls the balance of the entire battery module 10.
  • a first balancer 15 and a second balancer 16 having a capacity equal to or higher than the output current value, and controls the balance of the entire battery module 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of the battery module 30 which is the second embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that instead of the first balancer 15 and the second balancer 16, an active balancer 31 arranged so as to be parallel to all cells is provided.
  • the active balancer 31 is a balancer having a large capacity equivalent to the output current, and by controlling the voltage between the output battery 11 that supplies electric power to the outside and another battery at a ratio of 1: 3, the balancer can be further increased. The required number is reduced.
  • each battery includes four cells.
  • the number of cells contained in the battery can be increased according to the required output voltage and current values, and the number of balancers can be changed accordingly.
  • the number of cells is increased or decreased by a power of 2 (n ⁇ 2 ⁇ x), and the number of cell balancers and hierarchical connection balancers is increased accordingly. If adjusted, the output voltage and current can be adjusted as appropriate.
  • the layer-forming balancers connected to the two layer-forming balancers it is possible to form a hierarchical structure of three or more stages and further reduce the number of balancers used. Also in this case, the output voltage and current can be adjusted as appropriate by increasing or decreasing the number of cells used by a power of 2 (n ⁇ 2 ⁇ x).
  • FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the balancer of the conventionally known battery module 100.
  • a large-capacity battery module 101 that performs charge / discharge control is applied to all the balancers 101 that match the current taken out from the battery module. For this reason, a larger mounting area is required for the entire battery module including the balancer.
  • the configuration of the battery module described in this embodiment can be changed as appropriate. For example, it is possible to change which battery outputs according to the required output voltage and current. Further, the number of cells contained in the battery, the number of active balancers connected to the cells, and the hierarchical structure thereof can be changed as appropriate. In addition, the configuration of the active balancer can also be changed as appropriate.
  • the battery module according to the present invention is suitably mounted on any industrial device as well as a vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un module de batterie qui peut être miniaturisé. Dans un module de batterie (10) de la présente invention, plusieurs batteries (11, 12, 13, 14) sont connectées en série les unes aux autres. La batterie du module de batterie comprend une batterie de sortie (71) connectée à une charge externe et une batterie (12) qui est adjacente à la batterie de sortie (11) et maintient la même tension que celle de la batterie de sortie. Le module de batterie (10) comprend un premier dispositif d'équilibrage (15) qui est connecté en parallèle à toutes les batteries (11, 12, 13, 14) et réalise une commande de charge/décharge de l'ensemble du module de batterie. Chacune de la pluralité de batteries (11, 12, 13, 14) comprend une pluralité de cellules (21) et un dispositif d'équilibrage de cellules (22) qui réalise une commande de charge/décharge des cellules (21). Le dispositif d'équilibrage de cellules (21) est un dispositif d'équilibrage présentant une plus petite capacité que le courant de sortie de la batterie (11).
PCT/JP2020/006167 2019-04-02 2020-02-18 Module de batterie comprenant un dispositif d'équilibrage WO2020202849A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2019070553A JP2020171108A (ja) 2019-04-02 2019-04-02 バランサーを備えた電池モジュール
JP2019-070553 2019-04-02

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WO2020202849A1 true WO2020202849A1 (fr) 2020-10-08

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PCT/JP2020/006167 WO2020202849A1 (fr) 2019-04-02 2020-02-18 Module de batterie comprenant un dispositif d'équilibrage

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WO (1) WO2020202849A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050269988A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-08 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Voltage balancing circuit for multi-cell modules
CN1805193A (zh) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-19 财团法人工业技术研究院 阶层式电池电位平衡装置
JP2009247145A (ja) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-22 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 電源システム

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050269988A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-08 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Voltage balancing circuit for multi-cell modules
CN1805193A (zh) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-19 财团法人工业技术研究院 阶层式电池电位平衡装置
JP2009247145A (ja) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-22 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 電源システム

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