WO2020184699A1 - Procédé de fabrication de combustible solide - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de combustible solide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020184699A1
WO2020184699A1 PCT/JP2020/011005 JP2020011005W WO2020184699A1 WO 2020184699 A1 WO2020184699 A1 WO 2020184699A1 JP 2020011005 W JP2020011005 W JP 2020011005W WO 2020184699 A1 WO2020184699 A1 WO 2020184699A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid fuel
less
coal
temperature
woody biomass
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Application number
PCT/JP2020/011005
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
小野　裕司
昌史 和才
知章 小柳
孝勇 落合
容輔 田部井
高橋　幹夫
Original Assignee
日本製紙株式会社
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Publication date
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Priority to JP2021505154A priority Critical patent/JPWO2020184699A1/ja
Publication of WO2020184699A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020184699A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a solid fuel obtained by torrefaction using woody biomass as a raw material.
  • biomass-based fuels In recent years, the use of biomass-based fuels has been studied as a countermeasure against global warming caused by fossil fuel depletion and CO 2 emissions.
  • biomass is an organism that can be used as an energy source or an industrial raw material, and typical ones are wood, construction waste, agricultural waste, and the like.
  • various methods for effectively utilizing biomass have been proposed.
  • as a useful method that can convert biomass into a high value-added substance at low cost there is a method of carbonizing biomass to produce solid fuel. In this method, biomass is put into a carbonization furnace and heated in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere for a predetermined time for carbonization treatment to produce a solid fuel.
  • the solid fuel produced in this way is used as fuel for combustion equipment such as power generation equipment and incineration equipment.
  • the solid fuel may be finely crushed and used as fine powder fuel in order to improve combustion efficiency. is there.
  • Solid fuel is crushed alone or mixed with coal, but since most of the biomass is fibrous, the crushability is poor, the combustion efficiency is reduced, the operability of the crusher is reduced, etc. There was a problem.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a method of thermally decomposing woody biomass such as waste wood, thinned wood, garden wood, and construction waste at a temperature of 240 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower for a time of 15 minutes or more and 90 minutes or less, and then crushing the biomass. Has been done. If the heating temperature is lower than 240 ° C, the crushability and crushability do not improve, and if the heating temperature is higher than 300 ° C, the amount of fine powder on the order of submicrons increases during crushing and crushing, and powder troubles are likely to occur. Therefore, it is not preferable.
  • biomass containing grains, fruits and seeds is carbonized by heating at an oxygen concentration of 1 to 5% and a treatment temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. for 30 to 90 minutes to obtain pulverizability equivalent to that of coal.
  • a method for producing a solid fuel having is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a solid fuel having a high material yield and pulverizability equivalent to that of coal by roasting woody biomass at an oxygen concentration of 10% or less and a temperature of 170 to 350 ° C. ing.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 have low material yields and calorific value yields, and have insufficient pulverizability as compared with coal. Therefore, they are mixed with coal and pulverized to produce fine powder. Difficult to use as fuel for coal boilers. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a solid fuel by roasting woody biomass at an oxygen concentration of 10% or less and 170 to 350 ° C., but the water resistance is not sufficient.
  • the present inventors obtained by roasting a woody biomass pulverized product adjusted to a substance temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. and a water content of 25% or less at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. After crushing the roasted material to a size of 10 mm or less, the water resistance of the solid fuel is improved by forming a molded product having a bulk density (measured according to JIS K 2151-6 “Bulk Density Test Method”) of 600 kg / m 3 or more. I found that it could be improved.
  • the present invention includes the following aspects.
  • a crushed woody biomass having a water content of 30 to 60% and a size of 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less is dried at a substance temperature of 45 to 90 ° C. so as to have a water content of 25% or less, and an oxygen concentration of 10% or less.
  • Roasting under the condition of a substance temperature of 250 to 350 ° C., and after crushing the obtained roasted product to a size of 10 mm or less, the bulk density (measured according to JIS K 2151-6 "Bulk density test method") is 500 kg /
  • a method for producing a solid fuel which comprises forming a molded product of m 3 or more.
  • the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention has a high material yield and calorific value yield, has pulverizability equivalent to that of coal, and has a high density. Therefore, it is mixed with coal and pulverized to produce fine powder. It can be used as a fuel for coal boilers by mixing coal at a high ratio. It also has excellent water resistance.
  • a crushed woody biomass having a water content of 30 to 60% and a size of 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less is dried at a temperature of 60 to 90 ° C. to a water content of 25% or less, and has an oxygen concentration of 10% or less.
  • the bulk density is 500 kg / It is a method for producing a solid fuel, which comprises forming a molded product of m 3 or more.
  • the drying time is preferably 30 to 180 minutes.
  • either hardwood or softwood can be used as the raw material wood for the woody biomass of the present invention.
  • eucalyptus paragom tree, beech, cinnamon, white birch, poplar, acacia, oak, itaya maple, sennoki, elm, kiri, hoonoki, willow, sen, ubamegashi, konara, oak, horse chestnut, zelkova, mizume , Mizuki, Aodamo, etc. are exemplified.
  • Conifers include Sugi, Spruce, Karamatsu, Black pine, Todomatsu, Himekomatsu, Ichii, Nezuko, Harimomi, Iramomi, Inumaki, Fir, Sawara, Togasawara, Asunaro, Hiba, Tsuga, Kometsuga, Hinoki, Ichii, Inugaya, Tohi (Beihiba), Lawson Hinoki (Beihi), Douglas fir (Beimatsu), Sitka spruce (Beitohi), Radiata pine, Eastern spruce, Eastern white pine, Western larch, Western fur, Western hemlock, Tamarack and the like are exemplified.
  • the genus Eucalyptus and Hevea brasiliensis are preferable.
  • the genus Eucalyptus is Eucalyptus (hereinafter abbreviated as E.) calophylla, E. citriodora, E. diversicolor, E. globulus, E. grandis, E. urograndis, E. gummifera, E. marginata, E. nesophila, E. Examples include nitens, E. amygdalina, E. camaldulensis, E. delegatensis, E. gigantea, E. muelleriana, E. obliqua, E. regnans, E. sieberiana, E. viminalis, E. marginata, and the like.
  • any of wood chips, bark, sawdust, and sawdust can be used.
  • the size of the woody biomass pulverized product is determined by sieving according to the size of the circular hole of the sieving device.
  • As an apparatus for crushing woody biomass it is preferable to crush it with a knife-cutting type biomass fuel chipper.
  • Roasting (torrefaction) in the present invention is a process of heating in a low oxygen atmosphere at a temperature lower than the so-called carbonization process.
  • the temperature of normal wood carbonization is 400-700 ° C, but roasting is done at a lower temperature. By roasting, a solid fuel having a higher energy density than the starting material is obtained.
  • the roasting treatment conditions in the present invention are an oxygen concentration of 10% or less and a substance temperature of 240 to 350 ° C.
  • the substance temperature is the temperature near the outlet of the roasting treatment device for woody biomass during the roasting treatment.
  • the substance temperature is preferably 240 to 330 ° C, more preferably 250 to 320 ° C.
  • Hemicellulose has a remarkable thermal decomposition at around 270 ° C, whereas cellulose has a remarkable thermal decomposition at around 355 ° C and lignin at around 365 ° C. Therefore, the roasting treatment temperature should be 170 to 350 ° C. Therefore, it is presumed that hemicellulose can be preferentially pyrolyzed to produce a solid fuel that can achieve both material yield and grindability.
  • the apparatus for performing the roasting process is not particularly limited, but a rotary kiln and a vertical furnace are preferable.
  • a rotary kiln and a vertical furnace are preferable.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen.
  • the treatment time is preferably 15 to 180 minutes.
  • an externally heated rotary kiln may be used as an apparatus for performing the roasting process.
  • the external heat type rotary kiln has a structure in which a part or all of the inner cylinder of the kiln is covered with the outer cylinder of the kiln. Woody biomass is roasted in the inner cylinder and fuel is burned in the outer cylinder. Indirectly heats the woody biomass inside the cylinder.
  • the temperature inside the kiln outer cylinder needs to be 400 to 800 ° C, preferably 450 to 750 ° C.
  • the residence time of the woody biomass in the kiln inner cylinder is preferably 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably 2 to 15 minutes.
  • the solid fuel obtained in the present invention preferably has a substance yield of 60 to 90% and a calorific value yield of 70 to 95% with respect to the raw material.
  • the Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) specified in JIS M 8801: 2004, which is an index of grindability, is preferably 30 or more, and more preferably 40 or more. It is shown that the higher the HGI, the easier it is to be crushed. If the HGI is in the range of 30 to 70, it can be mixed with coal and pulverized. Since the HGI of coal is usually 40 to 70, the solid fuel obtained in the present invention has a grindability equivalent to that of coal.
  • lubricant may be added to 100 parts by mass of the roasted product when forming a molded product.
  • the lubricants include hydrocarbon-based lubricants such as liquid paraffin and paraffin wax, fatty acid-based lubricants such as stearic acid and ammonium oleate, higher alcohol-based lubricants such as stearic acid and polyhydric alcohol, stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, and ethylene.
  • Fatty acid amide lubricants such as bisstearic acid amide, metal soap lubricants such as calcium stearate and zinc stearate, ester lubricants such as stearic acid monoglyceride, butyl stearate, sorbitan ester and glycerin ester, carboxymethyl cellulose and its derivatives, etc. Can be mentioned.
  • stearate salts such as calcium stearate and zinc stearate are preferable, and calcium stearate is particularly preferable.
  • the obtained roasted product is pulverized to a size of 10 mm or less, and then a molded product having a bulk density (measured according to JIS K 2151 6 “Bulk Density Test Method”) of 500 kg / m 3 or more. That is, the starting material (roasted product) in the form of crushed woody biomass is molded into briquettes or pellets.
  • the bulk density of the roasted product before being molded is about 10 kg / m 3 to 30 kg / m 3
  • the bulk density of the solid fuel made into a molded product is 600 kg / m 3 or more.
  • the apparatus for forming the roasted product into a molded product is not particularly limited, but a briquette (Kitakawa Iron Works), a ring die type pelletizer (CPM), a flat die type pelletizer (Dalton) and the like are desirable.
  • the bulk density of the solid fuel after the densification treatment (measured according to JIS K 2151-6 “Bulk density test method”) needs to be 500 kg / m 3 or more, preferably 600 kg / m 3 or more. Is preferable. If the bulk density is less than 500 kg / m 3 , it is impossible to make the mixing ratio with coal too large when burning solid fuel as fuel in a pulverized coal boiler, so that the effect of the present invention can be maximized. I can't.
  • the water content of the roasted product is preferably 8 to 50%, more preferably 10 to 30%. If the water content is less than 8%, blockage will occur inside the briquette or pelletizer, and stable molding cannot be produced. If the water content exceeds 50%, it is difficult to mold and it is discharged in the form of powder or paste.
  • the solid fuel molded product of the present invention preferably has a mechanical durability (based on the wood pellet quality standard 6.5 mechanical durability test method) of 95% or more, and has a mechanical durability within this range. If so, it has sufficient hardness so that it will not be crushed and pulverized during transportation.
  • Mechanical durability indicates the resistance of pellets to break, and is the mass ratio that does not break and does not powder when a certain amount of mechanical impact is applied. In a more preferred embodiment, the mechanical durability of the solid fuel molding of the present invention is 97% or more.
  • 0 to 50 parts by mass of the binder may be added to 100 parts by mass of the roasted product.
  • the binder is not particularly limited, but organic polymers (such as lignin), inorganic polymers (such as acrylic acid amide), agricultural residues (such as bran (residue generated during wheat flour production)) and the like are desirable. From the viewpoint of efficient and effective use of woody biomass, it is desirable that the number of binders added is small, and 0 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0 to 20 parts by mass. However, adding 50 parts by mass or more does not mean that high density cannot be achieved.
  • Example 1 The eucalyptus eurograndis skinned chips having a water content of 40% were pulverized with a disc chipper. After pulverization, a material having a size of 5 to 50 mm was dried with a conveyor dryer (manufactured by Alvan Blanch) at a hot air temperature of 70 ° C. for 3 hours to adjust the water content to 21%. Subsequently, a large kiln-type carbonization furnace was used to obtain a roasted product by roasting with an oxygen concentration of 1% or less and a substance temperature of the chip crushed product in the carbonization furnace at 281 ° C. ..
  • the obtained product was cooled and then pulverized with a hammer mill to a size of 5 mm or less. Subsequently, the water content of the crushed product of the roasted product was adjusted to 12%, and a flat die type pelletizer (made by Dalton, disc pelleter F-5 / 11-175 type) with a die hole diameter of 5 mm and a die thickness of 20 mm was used. High density treatment was performed using a die to obtain a solid fuel molded product.
  • Example 2 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 16% by drying the hot air temperature at 80 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 3 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 10% by drying the hot air temperature at 90 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 4 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 5% by drying the hot air temperature at 95 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 5 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 1% by drying the hot air temperature at 100 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 6 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 5% by drying the hot air temperature at 95 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 7 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 5% by drying the hot air temperature at 95 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 8 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 5% by drying the hot air temperature at 95 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 1 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 30% by drying the hot air temperature at 65 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 2 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 35% by drying the hot air temperature at 60 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 3 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 5% by drying the hot air temperature at 95 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • Example 4 The solid fuel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substance temperature in the large kiln type carbonization furnace was adjusted to 5% by drying the hot air temperature at 95 ° C. for 3 hours with a conveyor dryer. Manufactured a molded product.
  • the solid fuel moldings obtained in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated for the following items, and the results are shown in Table 1.
  • the substance yield was calculated from the weight of the sample before and after the roasting treatment.
  • ⁇ Water resistance> The solid fuel molded product was immersed in water for 15 minutes, and then the water content was measured to evaluate the water resistance.
  • the solid fuel moldings of Examples 1 to 8 have a lower water content than the solid fuel moldings of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 after being immersed in water for 15 minutes, and are water resistant. Was improving.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention fournit un procédé de fabrication d'un combustible solide qui a pour matière de départ une biomasse à base de bois, qui présente des propriétés de broyage similaires à celles d'un charbon, qui peut être mis en œuvre en tant que combustible de chaudière à charbon pulvérisé par mélange avec le charbon et traitement de broyage, et dont la résistance à l'eau peut être améliorée.　Selon l'invention, un combustible solide est fabriqué par un procédé qui inclut : une étape au cours de laquelle un produit broyé de la biomasse à base de bois présentant une humidité comprise entre ３０ et ６０％ et une taille supérieure ou égale à ５ｍｍ et inférieure ou égale à ５０ｍｍ, est séché de sorte que la température de la substance est comprise entre ４５ et ９０℃ et l'humidité est inférieure ou égale à 25%, et calciné sous des conditions de concentration en oxygène inférieure ou égale à 10% et de température de substance comprise entre ２５０ et ３５０℃ ; et une étape au cours de laquelle après broyage du produit calciné ainsi obtenu a une taille inférieure ou égale à １０ｍｍ, celui-ci est transformé en produit moulé de masse volumique apparente (mesurée selon le "procédé de test de masse volumique apparente" dans la section 6 de ＪＩＳ　Ｋ　２１５１) supérieure ou égale à ５００ｋｇ／ｍ３.
PCT/JP2020/011005 2019-03-13 2020-03-13 Procédé de fabrication de combustible solide WO2020184699A1 (fr)

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JP2019-046174 2019-03-13

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014065807A (ja) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-17 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
JP2015229751A (ja) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-21 住友商事株式会社 植物系バイオマス固形燃料及びその製造方法
JP2016093790A (ja) * 2014-11-14 2016-05-26 株式会社トクヤマ パーム椰子種子殻の取扱方法
JP2016193958A (ja) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-17 日本製紙株式会社 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
WO2017175737A1 (fr) * 2016-04-06 2017-10-12 宇部興産株式会社 Appareil de refroidissement pour de la biomasse carbonisée
JP2018053101A (ja) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 バイオマス燃料製造方法及びバイオマス燃料製造装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014065807A (ja) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-17 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
JP2015229751A (ja) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-21 住友商事株式会社 植物系バイオマス固形燃料及びその製造方法
JP2016093790A (ja) * 2014-11-14 2016-05-26 株式会社トクヤマ パーム椰子種子殻の取扱方法
JP2016193958A (ja) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-17 日本製紙株式会社 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料
WO2017175737A1 (fr) * 2016-04-06 2017-10-12 宇部興産株式会社 Appareil de refroidissement pour de la biomasse carbonisée
JP2018053101A (ja) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 バイオマス燃料製造方法及びバイオマス燃料製造装置

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