WO2020177504A1 - 一种静电喷嘴及可控射流微量润滑磨削系统 - Google Patents

一种静电喷嘴及可控射流微量润滑磨削系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020177504A1
WO2020177504A1 PCT/CN2020/074386 CN2020074386W WO2020177504A1 WO 2020177504 A1 WO2020177504 A1 WO 2020177504A1 CN 2020074386 W CN2020074386 W CN 2020074386W WO 2020177504 A1 WO2020177504 A1 WO 2020177504A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
micro
nozzle
lubrication
liquid
workpiece
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/074386
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李长河
贾东洲
曹华军
许雪峰
韩志光
张乃庆
赵华洋
杨敏
张彦彬
王晓铭
李润泽
高腾
武文涛
崔歆
侯亚丽
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qingdao University of Technology
Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities
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Qingdao University of Technology
Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities
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Application filed by Qingdao University of Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationlities filed Critical Qingdao University of Technology
Priority to US16/965,658 priority Critical patent/US12138649B2/en
Priority to AU2020230492A priority patent/AU2020230492B2/en
Publication of WO2020177504A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020177504A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/65—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/043—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns using induction-charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/16—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B5/1608—Arrangements for supplying liquids or other fluent material the liquid or other fluent material being electrically conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0483—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of grinding fluid supply devices in mechanical processing, and particularly relates to an electrostatic nozzle and a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system.
  • Minimal quantity lubrication technology also known as MQL (Minimal Quantity Lubrication) technology
  • MQL Minimum Quantity Lubrication
  • MQL Minimum Quantity Lubrication
  • this technology minimizes the use of grinding fluids (about a few thousandths of the amount of traditional casting lubrication methods), thereby reducing production costs and environmental pollution and human body s damage.
  • Nano-jet micro-lubrication is established based on the theory of enhanced heat transfer.
  • the heat transfer capacity of solids is much greater than that of liquids and gases.
  • the thermal conductivity of solid materials at room temperature is several orders of magnitude greater than that of fluid materials.
  • Adding solid particles to the trace lubricating medium can significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the fluid medium, improve the convective heat transfer capacity, and greatly compensate for the lack of trace lubrication cooling capacity.
  • nanoparticles also have special tribological properties such as anti-wear and anti-friction and high load carrying capacity in terms of lubrication and tribology.
  • Nano-jet micro-lubrication is to add nano-level solid particles into a micro-lubricating fluid medium to make nano-fluid, that is, nano-particles, lubricant (oil or oil-water mixture) are mixed and atomized with high-pressure gas and sprayed into the grinding area in the form of jet.
  • the droplets produced by the nanofluid micro-lubrication technology rely on high-pressure gas to enter the grinding area and then play a role of cooling and lubrication.
  • the movement path is not controllable, and there are problems such as droplet diffusion and drift.
  • the droplets floating into the working environment not only pollute the environment but also threaten the health of the operators, but also reduce the effective utilization rate of the grinding fluid and cause a waste of resources.
  • the impact of lubricating fluid and coolant on the health of operators when using micro-lubrication processing is highly concerned. For example, operators will suffer from various respiratory diseases, including occupational asthma, allergic pneumonia, and loss of lung function. And skin diseases such as allergies, oil acne, and skin cancer.
  • researchers put forward electrostatic atomization micro-lubrication through a lot of exploration work, hoping to achieve controllable transport of atomized droplets through the action of electric field force while further improving the atomization effect.
  • the patent application number 201310042095.9 discloses a nanofluid electrostatic atomization controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system.
  • the solution uses corona charging technology to charge the micro-lubricant at the nozzle outlet, under the action of a high-voltage electric field The droplets will be further broken, and the small droplets formed by the breakage can be transported to the grinding area in a controllable direction along the electric field line, so as to effectively cool and lubricate the grinding area.
  • the patent with the application number 201310050221.5 discloses a cutting fluid aerosol micro-lubrication method, which also uses the principle of corona discharge to break and transport the lubricating fluid.
  • the corona discharge electrode needle tip discharge
  • corona discharge has the problem of small corona area and poor charging rate, which increases the voltage and causes energy. Waste.
  • the use of contact charging (the high-voltage power supply directly contacts the nozzle) can effectively increase the amount of charge of the lubricating fluid, but there is also the risk of leakage.
  • the inventor also found that due to the high pressure of the compressed air, there is noise when ejected from the nozzle, which will affect the hearing health of the operator; and in the use of a micro-lubrication grinding system, it was found that the adsorption performance of nanoparticles is strong , The pipelines for conveying nanofluids are often blocked, which greatly affects its performance, and is also an urgent problem to be solved in the electrostatic atomization micro-lubrication system.
  • the first aspect of the present disclosure provides a micro-textured electrostatic nozzle, which is provided with a series of micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber, which greatly increases the lipophilic performance of the surface of the acceleration chamber.
  • a micro-textured electrostatic nozzle comprising: a nozzle core, an upper nozzle body is connected above the nozzle core; an empty space is formed between the upper nozzle body and the nozzle core for storing compressed air and reducing pressure; A lower nozzle body is connected below the nozzle core; a gas-liquid mixing chamber, an acceleration chamber, and a nozzle outlet are arranged in the nozzle core sequentially from top to bottom; micro convex bodies are uniformly arranged on the wall of the acceleration chamber.
  • the second aspect of the present disclosure provides a second-level composite micro-textured electrostatic nozzle, which is provided with a series of micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber. Compared with a single microprotrusion structure, the convex structure will undoubtedly increase the lipophilic performance of the inner surface of the speed chamber.
  • a two-stage composite micro-textured electrostatic nozzle comprising: a nozzle core, an upper nozzle body is connected above the nozzle core; a free space is formed between the upper nozzle body and the nozzle core for storing compressed air and reducing pressure
  • a lower nozzle body is connected below the nozzle core; a gas-liquid mixing chamber, an acceleration chamber and a nozzle outlet are arranged in the nozzle core sequentially from top to bottom; micro-protrusions are evenly arranged on the wall of the acceleration chamber, the The asperity is composed of a first-level asperity and a second-level asperity, and the second-level asperity is arranged on the first-level asperity.
  • the third aspect of the present disclosure provides a noise-reducing and resistance-increasing electrostatic nozzle, which is provided with a series of tapered microprotrusions on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber, and the tapered grooves formed between the tapered microprotrusions can effectively The noise is reduced, and the harm to the auditory health of the operator is reduced; a series of micro-protrusions arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core and the trace lubricant.
  • a technical solution for reducing noise and increasing resistance of an electrostatic nozzle is:
  • An electrostatic nozzle for reducing noise and increasing resistance comprising: a nozzle core, an upper nozzle body is connected above the nozzle core; a free space is formed between the upper nozzle body and the nozzle core for storing compressed air and reducing pressure; A lower nozzle body is connected below the nozzle core; a gas-liquid mixing chamber, an acceleration chamber, and a nozzle outlet are arranged in the nozzle core from top to bottom; micro-protrusions are evenly arranged on the wall of the acceleration chamber, the micro-protrusions
  • the body is in the shape of a cone strip, and a cone groove is formed between any two cone strip-shaped micro convex bodies.
  • the fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a gradual micro-convex body contact electrostatic nozzle, which is provided with a series of transitional non-equal height micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber.
  • the transitional micro-protrusion structure can make the trace amount of lubricating liquid accelerate
  • the indoor movement resistance is distributed from large to small, which helps to form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of compressed air. At the same time, it greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the uniformity of the liquid film and the liquid line, thereby making the final droplet distribution also It is more uniform and its movement path is more controllable.
  • a technical solution of a gradually-graded micro-convex contact type electrostatic nozzle is:
  • a gradual micro-convex body contact type electrostatic nozzle comprising: a nozzle core, an upper nozzle body is connected above the nozzle core; an empty space is formed between the upper nozzle body and the nozzle core for storing compressed air and reducing pressure
  • a lower nozzle body is connected below the nozzle core; a gas-liquid mixing chamber, an acceleration chamber and a nozzle outlet are arranged in the nozzle core sequentially from top to bottom; micro-protrusions are evenly arranged on the wall of the acceleration chamber, the The asperity adopts a transitional non-equal height structure, that is, the height of the asperity gradually decreases along the jet movement direction.
  • the fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides a controllable jet micro-lubrication and grinding system, which includes an electrostatic nozzle and an electrostatic nozzle to charge the lubricating fluid, so as to achieve controllable distribution of droplets and increase the charge rate and droplets.
  • the uniformity is a controllable jet micro-lubrication and grinding system, which includes an electrostatic nozzle and an electrostatic nozzle to charge the lubricating fluid, so as to achieve controllable distribution of droplets and increase the charge rate and droplets. The uniformity.
  • a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system includes the aforementioned micro-textured electrostatic nozzle.
  • a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system includes the above-mentioned secondary composite micro-textured electrostatic nozzle.
  • a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system includes the above-mentioned noise reduction and resistance increase electrostatic nozzle.
  • a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system includes the above-mentioned gradient micro-convex contact electrostatic nozzle.
  • a micro-textured electrostatic nozzle of the present disclosure is provided with a series of micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber, which greatly increases the lipophilic performance of the surface of the acceleration chamber. Accelerating the lipophilic performance of the indoor surface can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber, improve the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the fluid
  • the uniformity of the liquid line of the film makes the distribution of the finally formed droplets more uniform, and its movement path is more controllable; a series of micro convex bodies set on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber also greatly increase the nozzle core and trace lubrication
  • the contact area of the liquid due to its better lipophilicity, also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating liquid with it, so it has a more ideal charging performance.
  • the second-level composite micro-texture electrostatic nozzle of the present disclosure is provided with a series of micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber.
  • the micro-protrusions are a secondary composite structure composed of a first-level micro-protrusion and a second-level micro-protrusion. Compared with a single microprotrusion structure, the composite microprotrusion will undoubtedly increase the lipophilic performance of the inner surface of the speed chamber.
  • Accelerating the lipophilic performance of the indoor surface can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber, improve the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the fluid
  • the uniformity of the liquid line of the membrane makes the distribution of the finally formed droplets more uniform, and its movement path is more controllable; a series of secondary composite microprotrusions arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber also greatly increase the nozzle core
  • the contact area with the trace lubricating fluid, due to its better lipophilicity, also greatly increases the contact time with the trace lubricating fluid, so it has a more ideal charging performance.
  • a series of tapered micro-protrusions are arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber, which greatly increases the lipophilic performance of the surface of the acceleration chamber. Accelerating the lipophilic performance of the indoor surface can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber, improve the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the fluid The uniformity of the film liquid line, in turn, makes the final droplet distribution more uniform and its movement path more controllable.
  • the tapered grooves formed between the tapered micro-protrusions can effectively reduce noise and reduce the damage to the auditory health of the operator;
  • the series of micro-protrusions installed on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber also greatly increase the nozzles
  • the contact area between the core and the trace lubricating fluid, due to its better lipophilicity, also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating fluid with it, so it has a more ideal charging performance.
  • a gradual micro-convex contact electrostatic nozzle of the present disclosure is provided with a series of transitional non-equal height micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber, and the transitional micro-protrusion structure can make the movement of the trace lubricating liquid in the acceleration chamber
  • the resistance is distributed from large to small, which helps to form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of compressed air. At the same time, it greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the uniformity of the liquid film and the liquid line, thereby making the final droplet distribution more uniform.
  • a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of the present disclosure adopts the above-mentioned electrostatic nozzle, which greatly increases the contact time of the micro-lubricant with it; and the inner side of the insulated oil pipe is coated with a hydrophobic and oleophobic carbon nano coating, because The nano-sized concave surface can make the adsorbed gas molecules exist stably, so on the macroscopic surface is equivalent to a stable gas film, so that neither oil nor water can directly contact the surface of the material, so that the surface of the material presents an extraordinary double Hydrophobic (oleophobic and hydrophobic) characteristics, so it can effectively avoid the problem of oil pipe blockage.
  • Figure 1 (a) is a cylindrical nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 1(b) is a cone-shaped nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 1 (c) is a cone-shaped nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 1 (d) is a cone-column diffuser nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electrostatic nozzle assembly provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle swirling vent provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mixing chamber cover provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the surface of the acceleration chamber of the micro-textured electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the accelerating chamber surface of the micro-textured electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure per unit area of the micro-texture unfolded on the accelerating chamber surface of the micro-texture electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7(a) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the surface of the acceleration chamber of the secondary composite micro-texture electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the surface of the acceleration chamber of the secondary composite micro-texture electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the surface of the acceleration chamber of the noise-reducing and resistance-increasing electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 8(b) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution of the acceleration chamber surface of the noise reduction and resistance-increasing electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9(a) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the surface of the accelerating chamber of the gradual micro-convex contact electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9(b) is a schematic diagram of the micro-texture distribution on the surface of the accelerating chamber of the gradual micro-convex contact electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure per unit area of the accelerating interior surface unfolding micro-texture of the gradual micro-protrusion contact electrostatic nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an axonometric view of a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 12 is an exploded schematic diagram of a controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-lubricant delivery pipe provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 14 is a block diagram of an adjustable high-voltage DC power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 15 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a workpiece powering device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 15(b) is a top view of a workpiece powering device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the current jet nozzle structure has a cylindrical nozzle as shown in Figure 1 (a), a cone-shaped nozzle as shown in Figure 1 (b), and a conical cylindrical nozzle as shown in Figure 1(b).
  • 1(c) and cone-cylinder diffusion nozzles are shown in Figure 1(d).
  • the nozzle has higher requirements for jet velocity distribution and turbulence intensity.
  • the nozzle design requires a relatively uniform jet velocity, the velocity gradient is not easy to be too large, the jet turbulence intensity should be small, the jet is not prone to large fluctuations, and the droplet concentration distribution at the nozzle outlet is required. Uniform, the jet concentration gradient is not easy to be too large.
  • the outlet velocity distribution of cylindrical nozzles is the most uneven, and the center velocity distribution is quite different from the boundary velocity distribution.
  • the exit velocity distribution of cone-shaped diffuser nozzles The most uniform, the speed distribution of cone-shaped nozzle is stronger than that of cone-shaped nozzle.
  • the turbulence intensity of the cone-cylinder diffusion nozzle is the largest, and the turbulence intensity of the cone-cylinder nozzle is between the cylindrical nozzle and the cone-shaped nozzle; in terms of the droplet concentration distribution at the nozzle outlet, the cone-cylinder nozzle outlet The most even.
  • this embodiment uses a cone-cylinder nozzle, namely This type of nozzle is shown in Figure 1(c).
  • the micro-textured electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment includes: an upper nozzle body 42, a lower nozzle body 43, an insulating sealing ring 44, a nozzle core 45, an annular check ring 46, Micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47, air storage chamber 48, swirling air hole 49, gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, acceleration chamber 51, nozzle outlet 52, high-voltage wire interface 53, high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54, non-return ring placement groove 55, V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56, micro-protrusions 57.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is screwed to the upper side, and the lower nozzle body 43 is screwed to the bottom of the nozzle core 45.
  • An insulating sealing ring 44 is provided between the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43, which can effectively prevent Gas leak.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43 are made of insulating material, and the nozzle core 45 is made of metal conductive material.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is provided with a micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47, and the micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47 can be connected to the insulating dragon snake tube 37 through a thread. Thus, the compressed air flowing through the insulated dragon snake tube 37 can enter the electrostatic nozzle.
  • An air storage chamber 48 is provided in the nozzle core 45, and the air storage chamber 48 functions to store compressed air and depressurize.
  • the empty space formed between the nozzle body 42 and the nozzle core 45 also plays the same role.
  • a gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, an acceleration chamber 51 and a nozzle outlet 52 are sequentially arranged inside the nozzle core 45 from top to bottom.
  • the contraction angle ⁇ of the acceleration chamber 51 is between 5-20°
  • the nozzle outlet diameter is B and the length is L
  • the value of L/B is between 2-6.
  • ⁇ is 13°
  • B is 1mm
  • L/ B is 4.
  • a non-return ring arrangement groove 55 is provided above the nozzle core 45, and the annular non-return ring 46 is fixedly bonded in the groove of the non-return ring arrangement groove 55.
  • the ring-shaped non-return ring 46 is an insulating ring-shaped rubber ring with elasticity.
  • 4-10 pieces of V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 are arranged in an array. example.
  • the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 is pasted along the annular check ring 46 to cover the annular center hole, and the insulating oil pipe 38 passes through the center of the multiple V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 Inside, the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 has special properties.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with swirling air holes 49.
  • the swirling air holes 49 are arranged in an array along the outer wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the inlet axis is tangent to the wall surface of the inner cavity of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the compressed air flows through the swirling air holes 49.
  • the tangential velocity v enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • compressed air enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through multiple swirling air holes 49 at the same time, its velocity direction does not intersect the axial center, so the incoming airflow has a momentum moment to the axial center, which promotes the airflow in the gas-liquid mixing chamber. 50 rotates around the axial center while advancing toward the nozzle outlet direction, thereby driving the nanofluid to rotate and form a vortex. The formation of the vortex allows the trace amount of lubricating fluid and compressed air to be fully mixed, and also causes the formation of turbulence.
  • the acceleration chamber 51 and the nozzle outlet 52 are mainly used for jet acceleration and the spreading of the lubricating liquid in the nozzle.
  • the lubricating liquid is usually pulled into a liquid film or liquid line in the nozzle and at the outlet, and finally used for external forces such as aerodynamic force and electrostatic force. It eventually breaks into droplets.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with a high-voltage wire interface 53, and the lower nozzle body 43 is provided with a high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54.
  • the DC high-voltage wire 8 can pass through the high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54 to be connected to the high-voltage wire interface 53, thereby The nozzle core 45 supplies power.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are provided on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51, and the specific shape and position of the micro-protrusions 57 are shown in FIG. 6.
  • the microprotrusions 57 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51.
  • the microprotrusions are hexagonal prisms.
  • the microprotrusions 57 can also be cylinders or cones. And polygonal prisms.
  • the horizontal center distance of each microprotrusion body 57 is a between 5-50 ⁇ m
  • the vertical center distance b is between 5-50 ⁇ m
  • the side length c is between 2-7 ⁇ m
  • the height h is between 3-30 ⁇ m.
  • the area occupancy rate ⁇ (that is, the ratio of the projected area of all the asperities 57 to the inner surface area of the entire acceleration chamber 51) is between 20% and 80%.
  • a is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m
  • b is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m
  • c is 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m
  • h is 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m
  • ⁇ is 40%.
  • the area of the analysis unit is the square with the side length L taken on the surface 51 of the acceleration chamber. Is L 2 .
  • the active design of the surface roughness factor of the nozzle acceleration chamber can be realized by setting the micro-convex parameters.
  • the formation of turbulent flow in the traditional electrostatic nozzle is not conducive to the uniform spread of the trace amount of lubricating liquid.
  • the lubricating liquid and compressed air become extremely unstable under the mixing of the swirling airflow, and the speed distribution is uneven and the turbulence intensity is large. This kind of appearance becomes particularly obvious after acceleration, and eventually the size distribution of the droplets ejected from the nozzle is also very uneven. Due to the large fluctuation of the formed liquid line, it is not conducive to the controllable transportation of the droplets.
  • the micro-textured electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment is provided with a series of micro-protrusions on the side surface of the acceleration chamber, which greatly increases the lipophilic performance of the surface of the acceleration chamber.
  • Accelerating the lipophilic performance of the indoor surface can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber, improve the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the fluid
  • the uniformity of the film liquid line makes the final droplet distribution more uniform and its movement path more controllable.
  • a series of micro-protrusions arranged on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core and the trace lubricating fluid. Due to its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating fluid with it. Ideal charging performance.
  • the secondary composite micro-textured electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment includes:
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is screwed to the upper side, and the lower nozzle body 43 is screwed to the bottom of the nozzle core 45.
  • An insulating sealing ring 44 is provided between the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43, which can effectively prevent Gas leak.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43 are made of insulating material, and the nozzle core 45 is made of metal conductive material.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is provided with a micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47, and the micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47 can be connected to the insulating dragon snake tube 37 through a thread. Thus, the compressed air flowing through the insulated dragon snake tube 37 can enter the electrostatic nozzle.
  • An air storage chamber 48 is provided in the nozzle core 45, and the air storage chamber 48 functions to store compressed air and depressurize.
  • the empty space formed between the nozzle body 42 and the nozzle core 45 also plays the same role.
  • a gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, an acceleration chamber 51 and a nozzle outlet 52 are sequentially arranged inside the nozzle core 45 from top to bottom.
  • the contraction angle ⁇ of the acceleration chamber 51 is between 5-20°
  • the nozzle outlet diameter is B and the length is L
  • the value of L/B is between 2-6.
  • ⁇ is 13°
  • B is 1mm
  • L/ B is 4.
  • a non-return ring arrangement groove 55 is provided above the nozzle core 45, and the annular non-return ring 46 is fixedly bonded in the groove of the non-return ring arrangement groove 55.
  • the ring-shaped non-return ring 46 is an insulating ring-shaped rubber ring with elasticity.
  • 4-10 pieces of V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 are arranged in an array. example.
  • the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 is pasted along the annular check ring 46 to cover the annular center hole, and the insulating oil pipe 38 passes through the center of the multiple V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 Inside, the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 has special properties.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with swirling air holes 49.
  • the swirling air holes 49 are arranged in an array along the outer wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the inlet axis is tangent to the wall surface of the inner cavity of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the compressed air flows through the swirling air holes 49.
  • the tangential velocity v enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • compressed air enters into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through multiple swirling air holes 49 at the same time, its velocity direction does not intersect the axial center, so the incoming airflow has a momentum moment to the axial center, which promotes the airflow in the gas-liquid mixing chamber. 50 rotates around the axial center while advancing toward the nozzle outlet direction, thereby driving the nanofluid to rotate and form a vortex. The formation of the vortex allows the trace amount of lubricating fluid and compressed air to be fully mixed, and also causes the formation of turbulence.
  • the acceleration chamber 51 and the nozzle outlet 52 are mainly used for jet acceleration and the spreading of the lubricating liquid in the nozzle.
  • the lubricating liquid is usually pulled into a liquid film or liquid line in the nozzle and at the outlet, and finally used for external forces such as aerodynamic force and electrostatic force. It eventually breaks into droplets.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with a high-voltage wire interface 53, and the lower nozzle body 43 is provided with a high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54.
  • the DC high-voltage wire 8 can pass through the high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54 to be connected to the high-voltage wire interface 53, thereby The nozzle core 45 supplies power.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are provided on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51, and the specific shape and position of the micro-protrusions 57 are shown in Figs. 7(a) and 7(b).
  • the asperity 57 of this embodiment is composed of a first-level asperity 65 and a second-level asperity 66, which are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51, two The first-level asperity 66 is provided on the first-level asperity 65.
  • the primary asperities 65 and the secondary asperities 66 are both cylindrical, with diameters d 1 and d 2 , respectively, and d 2 is 1/5-2/3 of d 1 . It can also be configured as a cone and a polygonal prism.
  • each first-level asperity 65 is a between 5-50 ⁇ m, the vertical center distance is between 5-50um, and the height h is between 3-30 ⁇ m.
  • the area of the first-level asperity 65 The occupancy rate ⁇ (that is, the ratio of the projected area of all the first-level asperities 65 to the inner surface area of the entire acceleration chamber 51) is between 20-80%. According to the area occupancy rate ⁇ , the number of the first-level asperities 65 is n 1 .
  • the height h'of the secondary asperities 66 is 1/5-1/3 of h, and the area occupancy rate of the secondary asperities 66 is ⁇ '(that is, the projected area of all the secondary asperities 66 and the surface of the first asperities 65 The area ratio) is between 30-80%. According to the area occupancy ⁇ ', the number of secondary asperities 66 on each first-level asperity 65 is n 2 .
  • d 1 is 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m
  • d 2 is 1.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m
  • a is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ m ⁇ m
  • b is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ m ⁇ m
  • h is 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m
  • ⁇ is 40%
  • the second-level composite micro-texture electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment is provided with a series of micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber.
  • the micro-protrusions are a secondary composite structure composed of first-level micro-protrusions and second-level micro-protrusions, compared to a single
  • the micro-convex structure composite micro-convex body will undoubtedly increase the lipophilic performance of the inner surface of the speed chamber.
  • Accelerating the lipophilic performance of the indoor surface can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber, improve the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the fluid
  • the uniformity of the film liquid line makes the final droplet distribution more uniform and its movement path more controllable.
  • a series of secondary composite micro-protrusions arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core and the trace lubricating fluid. Due to its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating fluid with it. Has more ideal charging performance.
  • the noise-reducing and resistance-increasing electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment specifically includes an upper nozzle body 42, a lower nozzle body 43, an insulating seal ring 44, a nozzle core 45, an annular check ring 46, and a small amount of lubrication.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is screwed to the upper side, and the lower nozzle body 43 is screwed to the bottom of the nozzle core 45.
  • An insulating sealing ring 44 is provided between the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43, which can effectively prevent Gas leak.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43 are made of insulating material, and the nozzle core 45 is made of metal conductive material.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is provided with a micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47, and the micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47 can be connected to the insulating dragon snake tube 37 through a thread. Thus, the compressed air flowing through the insulated dragon snake tube 37 can enter the electrostatic nozzle.
  • An air storage chamber 48 is provided in the nozzle core 45, and the air storage chamber 48 functions to store compressed air and depressurize.
  • the empty space formed between the nozzle body 42 and the nozzle core 45 also plays the same role.
  • a gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, an acceleration chamber 51 and a nozzle outlet 52 are sequentially arranged inside the nozzle core 45 from top to bottom.
  • the contraction angle ⁇ of the acceleration chamber 51 is between 5-20°
  • the nozzle outlet diameter is B and the length is L
  • the value of L/B is between 2-6.
  • ⁇ is 13°
  • B is 1mm
  • L/ B is 4.
  • a non-return ring arrangement groove 55 is provided above the nozzle core 45, and the annular non-return ring 46 is fixedly bonded in the groove of the non-return ring arrangement groove 55.
  • the ring-shaped non-return ring 46 is an insulating ring-shaped rubber ring with elasticity.
  • 4-10 pieces of V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 are arranged in an array. example.
  • the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 is pasted along the annular check ring 46 to cover the annular center hole, and the insulating oil pipe 38 passes through the center of the multiple V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 Inside, the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 has special properties.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with swirling air holes 49.
  • the swirling air holes 49 are arranged in an array along the outer wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the inlet axis is tangent to the wall surface of the inner cavity of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the compressed air flows through the swirling air holes 49.
  • the tangential velocity v enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • compressed air enters into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through multiple swirling air holes 49 at the same time, its velocity direction does not intersect the axial center, so the incoming airflow has a momentum moment to the axial center, which promotes the airflow in the gas-liquid mixing chamber. 50 rotates around the axial center while advancing toward the nozzle outlet direction, thereby driving the nanofluid to rotate and form a vortex. The formation of the vortex allows the trace amount of lubricating fluid and compressed air to be fully mixed, and also causes the formation of turbulence.
  • the acceleration chamber 51 and the nozzle outlet 52 are mainly used for jet acceleration and the spreading of the lubricating liquid in the nozzle.
  • the lubricating liquid is usually pulled into a liquid film or liquid line in the nozzle and at the outlet, and finally used for external forces such as aerodynamic force and electrostatic force. It eventually breaks into droplets.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with a high-voltage wire interface 53, and the lower nozzle body 43 is provided with a high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54.
  • the DC high-voltage wire 8 can pass through the high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54 to be connected to the high-voltage wire interface 53, thereby The nozzle core 45 supplies power.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are provided on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51, and the specific shape and position of the micro-protrusions 57 are shown in Fig. 8(a) and Fig. 8(b).
  • the micro-protrusions 57 are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51.
  • the length of the upper side is L
  • the length of the lower side is L'
  • the height is H
  • the upper side The angle with the unfolding side is ⁇ .
  • the microprotrusions are tapered (cone grooves are formed between the tapered microprotrusions 57).
  • the upper width of the tapered microprotrusions 57 is between 3-30 ⁇ m
  • the upper distance between the two tapered microprotrusions 57 is a′
  • a a′.
  • the area occupancy ⁇ (that is, the ratio of the projected area of all the micro-protrusions 57 to the inner surface area of the entire acceleration chamber 51) is between 20% and 80%. In this embodiment, a is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ m ⁇ m, h is 10 ⁇ m ⁇ m ⁇ m, and ⁇ is 50%.
  • the noise-reducing and resistance-increasing electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment is provided with a series of tapered micro-protrusions on the side surface of the acceleration chamber, which greatly increases the lipophilic performance of the surface of the acceleration chamber. Accelerating the lipophilic performance of the indoor surface can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber, improve the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the fluid The uniformity of the film liquid line, in turn, makes the final droplet distribution more uniform and its movement path more controllable.
  • the tapered grooves formed between the tapered micro-protrusions can effectively reduce noise and reduce the damage to the auditory health of the operator.
  • a series of micro-protrusions arranged on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core and the trace lubricating fluid. Due to its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating fluid with it. Ideal charging performance.
  • a gradually changing micro-convex contact electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment includes: an upper nozzle body 42, a lower nozzle body 43, an insulating seal ring 44, a nozzle core 45, and an annular check ring 46, trace lubricating fluid delivery pipe interface 47, air storage chamber 48, rotating air hole 49, gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, acceleration chamber 51, nozzle outlet 52, high-voltage wire interface 53, high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54, non-return ring
  • the placement groove 55, the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56, and the micro protrusion 57 includes: an upper nozzle body 42, a lower nozzle body 43, an insulating seal ring 44, a nozzle core 45, and an annular check ring 46, trace lubricating fluid delivery pipe interface 47, air storage chamber 48, rotating air hole 49, gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, acceleration chamber 51, nozzle outlet 52, high-voltage wire interface 53, high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54, non-return ring
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is screwed to the upper side, and the lower nozzle body 43 is screwed to the bottom of the nozzle core 45.
  • An insulating sealing ring 44 is provided between the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43, which can effectively prevent Gas leak.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 and the lower nozzle body 43 are made of insulating material, and the nozzle core 45 is made of metal conductive material.
  • the upper nozzle body 42 is provided with a micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47, and the micro-lubricant delivery pipe interface 47 can be connected to the insulating dragon snake tube 37 through a thread. Thus, the compressed air flowing through the insulated dragon snake tube 37 can enter the electrostatic nozzle.
  • An air storage chamber 48 is provided in the nozzle core 45, and the air storage chamber 48 functions to store compressed air and depressurize.
  • the empty space formed between the nozzle body 42 and the nozzle core 45 also plays the same role.
  • a gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, an acceleration chamber 51 and a nozzle outlet 52 are sequentially arranged inside the nozzle core 45 from top to bottom.
  • the contraction angle ⁇ of the acceleration chamber 51 is between 5-20°
  • the nozzle outlet diameter is B and the length is L
  • the value of L/B is between 2-6.
  • ⁇ is 13°
  • B is 1mm
  • L/ B is 4.
  • a non-return ring arrangement groove 55 is provided above the nozzle core 45, and the annular non-return ring 46 is fixedly bonded in the groove of the non-return ring arrangement groove 55.
  • the ring-shaped non-return ring 46 is an insulating ring-shaped rubber ring with elasticity.
  • 4-10 pieces of V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 are arranged in an array. example.
  • the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 is pasted along the annular check ring 46 to cover the annular center hole, and the insulating oil pipe 38 passes through the center of the multiple V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheets 56 into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 Inside, the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 has special properties.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with swirling air holes 49.
  • the swirling air holes 49 are arranged in an array along the outer wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the inlet axis is tangent to the wall surface of the inner cavity of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the compressed air flows through the swirling air holes 49.
  • the tangential velocity v enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • compressed air enters into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through multiple swirling air holes 49 at the same time, its velocity direction does not intersect the axial center, so the incoming airflow has a momentum moment to the axial center, which promotes the airflow in the gas-liquid mixing chamber. 50 rotates around the axial center while advancing toward the nozzle outlet direction, thereby driving the nanofluid to rotate and form a vortex. The formation of the vortex allows the trace amount of lubricating fluid and compressed air to be fully mixed, and also causes the formation of turbulence.
  • the acceleration chamber 51 and the nozzle outlet 52 are mainly used for jet acceleration and the spreading of the lubricating liquid in the nozzle.
  • the lubricating liquid is usually pulled into a liquid film or liquid line in the nozzle and at the outlet, and finally used for external forces such as aerodynamic force and electrostatic force. It eventually breaks into droplets.
  • the nozzle core 45 is provided with a high-voltage wire interface 53, and the lower nozzle body 43 is provided with a high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54.
  • the DC high-voltage wire 8 can pass through the high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54 to be connected to the high-voltage wire interface 53, thereby
  • the nozzle core 45 supplies power.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are arranged on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51, and the specific shape and position of the micro-protrusions 57 are shown in Fig. 9(a) and Fig. 9(b).
  • the microprojections 57 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the acceleration chamber 51.
  • the microprojections are hexagonal prisms, and the microprojections 57 can also be They are cylinders, cones and polygonal prisms.
  • the asperity 57 adopts a transitional non-equal height structure, that is, the height of the asperity gradually decreases along the jet movement direction, and the height difference between two adjacent rows is ⁇ h.
  • each microprotrusion 57 is between 5-50 ⁇ m a and b is between 5-50 ⁇ m, the shortest microprotrusion height is between 2-15 ⁇ m, and the height difference is ⁇ h is between 0.3-2 ⁇ m, the area occupancy rate ⁇ (that is, the ratio of the projected area of all the asperities 57 to the inner surface area of the entire acceleration chamber 51) is between 20-80%, and the upper surface of the asperities 57 is in the acceleration chamber 51
  • the surface angle is ⁇ .
  • a is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m
  • b is 15 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 ⁇ m
  • h is 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m
  • ⁇ h is 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m
  • ⁇ is 40%.
  • a square with a side length L is taken as an analysis unit with an area L 2 and includes the shortest asperity.
  • a gradual micro-convex body contact electrostatic nozzle of this embodiment is provided with a series of transitional non-equal height micro-protrusions on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber.
  • the transitional micro-convex structure can make the movement resistance of the trace lubricating liquid in the accelerating chamber larger To a small distribution, it helps to form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, and at the same time greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet, improves the uniformity of the liquid film and the liquid line, thereby making the final droplet distribution more uniform, and its movement The path is also more controllable.
  • a series of micro-protrusions arranged on the inner surface of the accelerating chamber also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core and the trace lubricating fluid. Due to its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating fluid with it. Ideal charging performance.
  • the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment includes a micro-textured electrostatic nozzle as shown in FIGS. 2-6.
  • controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of the embodiment includes part of the worktable 1, insulating plate 2, workpiece 3, grinding wheel 4, grinding wheel cover 5, magnetic chuck 6, and micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7, DC high-voltage wire 8, adjustable high-voltage DC power supply 9, electrostatic nozzle 10, workpiece power supply device 58, and micro-lubrication device.
  • Part of the worktable 30 of the grinder is covered with an insulating plate 2 (this material can be magnetically conductive but not conductive, so that it can ensure the installation of the workpiece and the formation of a stable electric field between the nozzle and the workpiece).
  • the magnetic chuck 6 is adsorbed on the side of the grinding wheel cover 5, and an insulating plastic link buckle is used to fix the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 and the one connected to the nozzle of the DC high-voltage wire 8.
  • One end of the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 is connected with the micro-lubrication device, and the other end is connected with the electrostatic nozzle.
  • One end of one of the DC high voltage wires 8 is connected to the electrostatic nozzle to supply power to the nozzle, and the other end is connected to the negative output end of the adjustable high voltage DC power supply 9.
  • One end of the other DC high-voltage wire 8 is connected to the workpiece power supply device 58 and the other end is connected to the positive output terminal of the adjustable high-voltage DC power supply 9 and is grounded.
  • the workpiece power supply device 58 is adsorbed on the non-processed surface of the workpiece 3, and the workpiece is connected to the positive electrode of the adjustable high-voltage DC power supply 9. In this way, the nozzle is of negative polarity and the surface of the workpiece is of positive polarity, and an electric field is formed between the nozzle and the workpiece, which provides conditions for the controllable transportation of trace lubricating droplets.
  • the micro-lubrication device specifically includes a box body 11, an insulating oil cup connector 12, an insulating oil cup 13, an insulating fixing bolt 14, an insulating washer 15, an insulating connecting bolt 16, a micro pump fixing plate 17, and a precision micro lubrication pump 18.
  • Air flow adjustment knob 19 insulation tee 20, solenoid valve 21, filter pressure regulating valve 22, air supply connector 23, two-way connector 24, pulse controller 25, air pipe I 26, air pipe II 27, air pipe III 28, liquid flow adjustment knob 29.
  • the box body 11 is made of insulating plastic, and a box cover 36 made of insulating plastic is provided in front of the box body 11.
  • Two sets of precision micro-lubrication pumps 18 are arranged in the box 11, and the two sets of precision micro-lubrication pumps 18 are arranged side by side.
  • the precision micro-lubrication pumps 18 are fixedly connected under the micro-pump fixing plate 17 through the insulating connecting bolts 16.
  • a liquid inlet hole is reserved on the bottom of 17 and its position corresponds to the liquid inlet hole of the precision micro-lubrication pump 18.
  • the micro pump fixing plate 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner side of the box body 11 through the insulating fixing bolt 14 and the insulating washer 15.
  • the insulated oil cup connector 12 passes through the upper part of the box 11 and is fixed on the liquid inlet hole provided above the micro pump fixing plate 17 through a threaded connection.
  • the insulated oil cup connector 12 is connected to the insulated oil cup 13 to supply the precision micro-lubrication pump 18.
  • An oil cup cover 35 is provided above the insulating oil cup 13.
  • the filter pressure regulating valve 22 is arranged on the outside of the box body 11, and the compressed air enters the filter pressure regulating valve 22 through the air source connector 23.
  • the filter pressure regulating valve 22 is used for compressed air filtration and air inlet pressure adjustment, thereby providing pressure stability for the lubrication system Of clean compressed air.
  • the filter pressure regulating valve 22 is connected to the solenoid valve 21 through a two-way joint 24 to control the on and off of compressed air.
  • the solenoid valve 21 is fixedly installed on the solenoid valve mounting frame 31, and the solenoid valve mounting frame 31 is arranged in the box 11.
  • the outlet of the solenoid valve 21 is connected to the right interface of the insulated tee 20.
  • the compressed air is introduced into the pulse controller 25 through the air pipe I 26 through the lower interface of the insulated tee 20, and the compressed air further enters the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 through the air pipe II 27.
  • the lubrication pump air inlet port II 33 this path of compressed air is used for the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 to suck the micro-lubricant in the insulating oil cup 13, which can be called the suction air path. Therefore, the pulse controller 25 can control the air outlet frequency, and then Control the frequency of the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 sucking lubricating fluid.
  • the left port of the insulated tee 20 is connected to the lubrication pump air inlet port I32 provided below the precision micro lubrication pump 18 through the air pipe III 28.
  • This path of compressed air is used to transport the atomized micro lubricating liquid and can be called the atomizing air path.
  • the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 is provided with an air flow adjustment knob 19 and a liquid flow adjustment knob 29.
  • the air flow adjustment knob 19 is used to adjust the flow of compressed air in the atomization gas circuit, and the liquid flow adjustment knob 29 is used to adjust the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 The amount of liquid aspirated in each pulse.
  • the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 passes through the exit hole 34 of the micro-lubricant delivery pipe provided under the box body and is connected to the gas-liquid outlet connector 30 provided on the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 for output of atomized air and micro-lubricant.
  • the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 is specifically composed of an insulating dragon snake tube 37, an insulating oil pipe 38, a gas delivery cavity 39, a hydrophobic and oleophobic carbon nano coating 40, and a liquid delivery cavity 41.
  • the outermost side of the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 is an insulated dragon snake tube 37, and an insulated oil tube 38 is arranged inside.
  • a gas delivery cavity 39 is formed between the insulated dragon snake tube 37 and the insulated oil tube 38 for atomized air delivery.
  • the inside of the insulating oil pipe 38 is coated with a hydrophobic and oleophobic carbon nano coating 40, and a liquid delivery cavity is formed inside.
  • One end of the insulated dragon snake tube 37 is connected to the gas-liquid outlet connector 30, and the other end is connected to the electrostatic nozzle, so that the atomized air enters the electrostatic nozzle through the precision micro-lubrication pump 18.
  • One end of the insulated oil pipe 38 passes through the gas-liquid outlet joint 30 and is connected to the micro-lubricant outlet provided in the precision micro-lubrication pump 18, and the other end is connected to the electrostatic nozzle, so that the micro-lubricant enters the electrostatic nozzle through the precision micro-lubrication pump 18.
  • the atomizing air and the trace amount of lubricating liquid are supplied to the nozzle in a coaxial manner.
  • the adjustable high voltage DC power supply consists of an AC power supply unit, a DC voltage stabilizer unit V1, a DC voltage stabilizer unit V2, a self-excited oscillation circuit, a power amplifier circuit, a high-frequency pulse booster, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit and a constant Flow automatic control circuit composition.
  • the high-voltage DC power supply of this embodiment can generate a relatively high electrostatic high voltage, while the power supply current is small and the safety performance is high.
  • the box body, insulating dragon snake tube, insulating oil pipe, insulating fixing bolt, insulating washer, insulating connecting bolt, micro pump fixing plate, insulating oil cup joint, and insulating oil cup used in this embodiment are all made of insulating materials, which effectively avoids System leakage.
  • the workpiece energizing device 58 is composed of an insulating housing 59, a weight 60, a permanent magnet 61, a split pin slot 62, a wiring ring 63, and a compression spring 64.
  • a permanent magnet 61 is arranged in the insulating housing 59, the weight 60 is arranged in the center of the insulating housing 59, and the lower part of the weight 60 passes through the insulating housing 59.
  • the tail of the weight 60 is provided with a split pin slot 62 and a wiring ring 63, and a compression spring 64 is provided between the weight 60 and the insulating housing 59.
  • a cotter pin slot 62 is opened on the weight 60, and its function is to insert a cotter pin to ensure that the weight 60 and the compression spring 64 will not be removed from the insulating housing 59 when the work piece powering device 58 is not attracted to the work piece 3. Fall off.
  • the terminal ring 63 is connected to the positive terminal of the adjustable high-voltage DC power supply 9 through the DC high-voltage wire 8.
  • controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is as follows;
  • the electrostatic nozzle is connected to the upper nozzle body 42, the lower nozzle body 43, the insulating sealing ring 44, the nozzle core 45, and the annular check ring 46 according to the above connection method.
  • the oil cup cover 35 above the insulating oil cup 13 is opened to inject a lubricating liquid (usually a nanofluid made of pure vegetable-based oil and nano particles) into the insulating oil cup 13.
  • the two ends of the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 are respectively connected to the electrostatic nozzle and the micro-lubrication device.
  • the insulated dragon snake tube 37 connected to the electrostatic nozzle is connected to the interface 47 of the micro-lubricant delivery pipe.
  • the center of the V 2 O 5 nanofiber sheet 56 penetrates into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50.
  • the insulated dragon snake tube 37 connected to the micro-lubrication device is connected to the gas-liquid outlet joint 30 provided on the precision micro-lubrication pump 18.
  • One end of the insulated oil tube 38 passes through the gas-liquid outlet connector 30 and is set inside the precision micro-lubrication pump 18. Connected to the outlet of the trace lubricating fluid.
  • the insulating oil pipe 38 can transport the lubricating liquid in the micro-lubrication pump to the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through the liquid delivery chamber 41.
  • the insulated dragon snake tube 37 can deliver the compressed air for atomization into the nozzle body through the gas delivery cavity 39.
  • One end of a DC high-voltage wire 8 passes through the high-voltage wire outlet through hole 54 to connect to the high-voltage wire interface 53, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the adjustable high-voltage DC power supply 9.
  • the micro-lubricant delivery pipe 7 and the DC high-voltage wire 8 are fixed on the grinding wheel cover 5 by a magnetic chuck 6 to prevent movement. Take a DC high-voltage wire 8 and connect one end of it to the terminal ring 63, and the other end to the positive terminal of the adjustable high-voltage DC power source 9.
  • the workpiece energizing device 58 is adsorbed on the non-machined surface of the workpiece 3, so that an electric field is formed between the electrostatic nozzle and the workpiece 3, which provides conditions for the controllable transportation of the trace lubricant mist.
  • the box body 11, the insulating dragon snake tube 37, the insulating oil pipe 38, the insulating fixing bolt 14, the insulating washer 15, the insulating connecting bolt 16, the micro pump fixing plate 17, the insulating oil cup joint 12, and the insulating oil cup 13 are all made of insulating materials. Manufactured, effectively avoiding system leakage.
  • the external air source and air source joint 23 provides compressed air for the micro lubrication device, and the filter pressure regulating valve 22 is opened to adjust to the required pressure.
  • the compressed air enters the solenoid valve 21 through the filter pressure regulating valve 22 and the two-way joint 24, and the solenoid valve 21 can control the on and off of the compressed air.
  • the compressed air enters the insulation tee 20 through the outlet of the solenoid valve 21.
  • the insulation tee 20 divides the compressed air into two paths, one of which enters the pulse controller 25 through the air pipe I 26, and the pulse controller 25 can control the air outlet frequency.
  • the compressed air enters the lubrication pump intake port II33 set under the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 through the air pipe II27 after adjusting the frequency by the pulse controller 25.
  • This compressed air is used for the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 to suck the micro-lubricant in the insulating oil cup 13 , Can be called the suction gas circuit.
  • the pulse controller 25 controls the frequency of compressed air entering the precision micro-lubrication pump 18, and then controls the frequency of the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 sucking lubricating fluid. After the micro-lubricating fluid is sucked into the precision micro-lubrication pump 18, the lubrication can be adjusted through the fluid flow adjustment knob 29
  • the discharge amount of the liquid per pulse is delivered to the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through the liquid delivery chamber 41 after the trace amount of lubricating liquid is discharged.
  • Another way of compressed air is connected to the lubrication pump air inlet I32 provided below the precision micro-lubrication pump 18 through the air pipe III 28.
  • the output of this way of compressed air can be adjusted through the flow adjustment knob 19, and the adjusted compressed air is delivered through the gas delivery chamber 39 It is used to deliver atomized micro-lubricant to the nozzle body.
  • the inner side of the insulated oil pipe 38 is coated with a hydrophobic and oleophobic carbon nano-coating 40.
  • the adsorbed gas molecules can exist stably on the nano-sized concave surface, it is equivalent to a stable gas film on the macroscopic surface, which makes the oil and Water can't directly contact the surface of the material, so that the surface of the material presents extraordinary double hydrophobic (oleophobic and hydrophobic) characteristics, so the problem of oil pipe blockage can be effectively avoided.
  • the trace amount of lubricating liquid enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through the liquid delivery chamber 41, the compressed air enters the air storage chamber 48 through the gas delivery chamber 39, and further enters the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through the swirling air hole 49.
  • the swirling air holes 49 are arranged in an array along the outer wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, the inlet axis is tangent to the inner wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50, and the compressed air flows through the swirling air holes 49 into the gas-liquid mixing chamber at a tangential velocity v. 50.
  • the compressed air enters into the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50 through a plurality of swirling air holes 49 at the same time, and its speed direction does not intersect the axial center.
  • the incoming airflow has a momentum moment to the axial center, which promotes the airflow in the gas-liquid mixing chamber 50. It rotates around the center of the axial direction while advancing toward the nozzle outlet, thereby driving the nanofluid to rotate and form a vortex.
  • the formation of the vortex allows the trace amount of lubricating fluid and compressed air to be fully mixed, and also causes the formation of turbulence.
  • the trace amount of lubricating fluid After the trace amount of lubricating fluid is fully mixed with compressed air, it passes through the acceleration chamber 51 and the nozzle outlet 52. In this process, the mixed flow is accelerated and spread.
  • the lubricating fluid is usually pulled into a liquid film or liquid line in the nozzle and at the outlet.
  • the aerodynamic force and electrostatic force will eventually break into liquid droplets under the action of external force.
  • the formation of turbulent flow in the traditional electrostatic nozzle is not conducive to the uniform spread of the trace amount of lubricating fluid.
  • the lubricating fluid and compressed air become extremely unstable due to the mixing of the swirling airflow, and the velocity distribution is uneven.
  • the turbulence intensity is relatively large. This appearance becomes particularly obvious after the acceleration of the chamber 51, and eventually the size distribution of the droplets ejected from the nozzle is also very uneven. Due to the large fluctuation of the formed liquid line, it is not conducive to the controllable transport after the formation of the droplets.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are arranged on the surface of the accelerating chamber, the shapes and distributions of which are as described above, to form a type of charged nozzle containing micro-texture.
  • the beneficial effects of micro-textured charged nozzles can be analyzed by Yong’s equation and Wenzel model.
  • the contact angle of the liquid on the solid surface is determined by the balance of the surface tension between the solid, gas, and liquid interfaces. The final equilibrium state minimizes the total energy of the system. Therefore, the liquid is generally in a stable or metastable state on the solid surface. .
  • Yong’s equation Usually the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a smooth flat solid surface can be expressed by Yong’s equation:
  • ⁇ sv , ⁇ sl , and ⁇ lv are the surface tensions of the solid-gas, solid-liquid, and gas-liquid interfaces, respectively;
  • ⁇ is the equilibrium contact angle, which can also be called the intrinsic contact angle.
  • d E is the total energy required when the contact line moves with an infinitely small amount of dx.
  • r is the roughness factor, which refers to the ratio of the actual solid-liquid interface contact area to the apparent contact area (r ⁇ 1). Comparing formula (2) with formula (4), we can get:
  • the Wenzel model shows that the presence of the rough surface makes the solid-liquid contact area actually larger than the apparent contact area, thus enhancing the liquid repellency or lyophilicity geometrically.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ r increases as the surface roughness is reduced, the surface becomes more lyophilic.
  • ⁇ > 90 ° ⁇ r increases as the surface roughness becomes large, the surface becomes lyophobic.
  • the nozzle core 45 used in this solution is made of metal conductive material, usually copper or stainless steel, and the surface of these materials is lipophilic, that is, when ⁇ 90°.
  • the inner surface of the traditional nozzle is relatively smooth and the r value is small.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51. This will undoubtedly greatly increase the r value so that r is much greater than 1, which greatly increases the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51. Lipophilic properties.
  • the hexagonal prism asperities used in the scheme are uniformly distributed on the surface with a unit area of L 2 , the side length of the hexagonal prism asperities is c, the height is h, and the number of distribution n can be determined according to ⁇ and the actual surface area of the acceleration chamber.
  • the roughness factor r per unit area can be calculated as follows:
  • the active design of the roughness factor r can be realized by setting the number of asperities n, side length c and height h.
  • the lipophilic properties of the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber 50, which improves the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and forms a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the jet flow
  • the disturbance improves the uniformity of the liquid film and the liquid line, which in turn makes the final droplet distribution more uniform and its movement path more controllable.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core 45 and the trace lubricating fluid. Because of its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the time that the trace lubricating fluid is in contact with it. Has more ideal charging performance.
  • the nozzle core 45 is charged by contact with a small amount of lubricating liquid.
  • the small amount of lubricating liquid is atomized into uniform droplets under the action of electrostatic force and aerodynamic force, and then can be transported in a controlled manner Realize the cold zone lubrication function to the cutting zone.
  • the specific atomization mechanism of trace lubricating fluid can be expressed as follows:
  • Electrostatic atomization is a phenomenon in which the electrostatic force overcomes the surface tension of the liquid, causing the liquid to break into tiny droplets.
  • the contact of the nozzle core 45 with a small amount of lubricating liquid makes the surface of the liquid carry a large amount of same-same charges, increases the surface activity of the liquid, makes the surface layer molecules produce a significant directional arrangement, and reduces the surface tension.
  • the volume of the liquid is constant, as the amount of charge increases, the surface tension will gradually decrease.
  • the surface tension is not enough to restrain the liquid, the liquid will be broken into fine mist droplets under the mutual repulsion between the surface charges of the same sex and the disturbance of the liquid surface caused by external force.
  • the splitting of the droplet is controlled by pneumatic pressure, surface tension and viscous force.
  • the breaking of droplets is mainly determined by pneumatic pressure and surface tension.
  • the cohesive force generated by surface tension will prevent the liquid from deforming and breaking.
  • the cohesive force can be expressed as 4 ⁇ /D, where ⁇ is the inherent surface tension of the liquid, and D is the initial droplet diameter.
  • the surface tension of the charged droplet becomes weaker under the action of Coulomb repulsion, and the weakened surface tension value is:
  • q t is the large droplet charge amount before the split
  • ⁇ 0, ⁇ are the dielectric constant of air and lubricating oil trace
  • r 1 2 is a front split large droplet radius
  • E 0 is the electric field intensity
  • q max is The droplet is saturated with the amount of charge
  • ⁇ is the charging time constant
  • t is the charging time.
  • the arrangement of the micro-protrusions 57 can effectively increase the charge time t.
  • the average diameter d 32 of Sotel after the micro-lubricant is charged and atomized can be calculated by the following formula:
  • k 1 is a coefficient related to the nozzle structure
  • k 2 is a coefficient related to the charge quantity qt
  • is the absolute value of the relative velocity between liquid and gas
  • ⁇ l is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the liquid
  • ⁇ l is the liquid density
  • Q l is the liquid flow rate
  • Q g is the gas flow rate.
  • the mist sprayed from the nozzle accelerates to the workpiece under the action of aerodynamic force and electric field force, and moves directionally under the action of the electric field force, so that the maximum amount of coverage on the surface of the workpiece is achieved.
  • electrostatic encircling effect in the electrostatic field, so when the droplets and nanoparticles move to the workpiece, it is easier to enter the recesses of the workpiece with a certain roughness surface, thereby expanding the relative coverage area, and can achieve better lubrication and Heat transfer function.
  • the adjustable high-voltage DC power supply 37 is composed of a self-excited oscillation circuit, a power amplifier circuit, a high-frequency pulse booster, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, a DC voltage stabilizer unit V1 and a DC voltage stabilizer unit V2, and a constant current automatic Control circuit composition. Its working principle is that the input end is connected to an AC power supply, and the DC voltage regulator unit V1 and the DC voltage regulator unit V2 provide DC voltage.
  • the DC voltage stabilizing unit V1 serves as the operating voltage of the self-excited oscillation circuit.
  • the DC voltage stabilizing unit V2 is the main energy source for power conversion.
  • the high-frequency pulse booster is rectified by the voltage doubler rectifier circuit to obtain high-voltage static electricity.
  • the basic pulse signal is obtained by the self-excited oscillation circuit. After being amplified by the power amplifier circuit, the high-frequency pulse Under the boost of the voltage converter, the high voltage signal is finally output, and the DC high voltage is output through the voltage doubler rectifier circuit.
  • the characteristic of this power supply is that it can generate high electrostatic high voltage, and the power supply current is small, generally not more than 500 ⁇ A.
  • the constant current automatic control circuit automatically samples the electrostatic working current of the voltage doubler rectifier circuit. At constant current, when the working load increases normally, it will not cause the working current to rise. When the external load exceeds the allowable current, the self-excited oscillation circuit stops and the high voltage is cut off. This feature is reliable for the safety of the operator. Once the high voltage terminal is approached or touched, the electric shock current caused is very weak, and the high voltage output is cut off. So there will be no life-threatening.
  • the structure of the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is different from the structure of the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system in the fifth embodiment: the structure of the electrostatic nozzle is different.
  • the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment includes the two-stage composite micro-textured electrostatic nozzle as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b).
  • controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the difference lies in:
  • the inner surface of the traditional nozzle is relatively smooth and the r value is small.
  • a series of microprotrusions 57 are arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51.
  • the microprotrusions 57 are a secondary composite structure consisting of a primary microprotrusion 65 and a secondary microprotrusion 66 Compared with a single microprotrusion structure, the composite microprotrusion body will undoubtedly increase the value of r much larger than 1, thereby greatly increasing the lipophilic performance of the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51.
  • the structure of the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is different from the structure of the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system in the fifth embodiment: the structure of the electrostatic nozzle is different.
  • the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment includes the noise reduction and resistance-increasing electrostatic nozzle as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 8(a) and Fig. 8(b).
  • controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the difference lies in:
  • the Wenzel model shows that the presence of the rough surface makes the solid-liquid contact area actually larger than the apparent contact area, thus enhancing the liquid repellency or lyophilicity geometrically.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ r increases as the surface roughness is reduced, the surface becomes more lyophilic.
  • ⁇ > 90 ° ⁇ r increases as the surface roughness becomes large, the surface becomes lyophobic.
  • the nozzle core 45 used in this solution is made of metal conductive material, usually copper or stainless steel, and the surface of these materials is lipophilic, that is, when ⁇ 90°.
  • the inner surface of the traditional nozzle is relatively smooth and the r value is small.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 are arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51. This will undoubtedly greatly increase the r value so that r is much greater than 1, which greatly increases the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51. Lipophilic properties.
  • the tapered microprotrusions 57 used in this embodiment are uniformly distributed on the surface of the acceleration chamber, the upper side length is a, the lower side length is b, and the height is h, which can be determined according to ⁇ and the acceleration chamber surface area. At this time, the roughness per unit area is The degree factor r can be calculated as follows:
  • the lipophilic properties of the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 can effectively absorb the trace lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber 50, which improves the movement resistance of the trace lubricating fluid, and forms a uniform oil film under the pulling action of the compressed air, which greatly reduces the jet flow
  • the disturbance improves the uniformity of the liquid film and the liquid line, which in turn makes the final droplet distribution more uniform and its movement path more controllable.
  • a series of micro-protrusions 57 arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core 45 and the trace lubricating fluid. Because of its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the time that the trace lubricating fluid is in contact with it. Has more ideal charging performance.
  • the tapered grooves formed between the tapered micro-protrusions can effectively reduce noise and reduce the damage to the auditory health of the operator.
  • the structure of the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is different from the structure of the controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system in the fifth embodiment: the structure of the electrostatic nozzle is different.
  • the controllable jet micro-lubrication and grinding system of this embodiment includes the gradually-graded micro-convex contact electrostatic nozzle as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 9(a), 9(b), and FIG.
  • controllable jet micro-lubrication grinding system of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the difference lies in:
  • the Wenzel model shows that the presence of the rough surface makes the solid-liquid contact area actually larger than the apparent contact area, thus enhancing the liquid repellency or lyophilicity geometrically.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ r increases as the surface roughness is reduced, the surface becomes more lyophilic.
  • ⁇ > 90 ° ⁇ r increases as the surface roughness becomes large, the surface becomes lyophobic.
  • the nozzle core 45 used in this solution is made of metal conductive material, usually copper or stainless steel, and the surface of these materials is lipophilic, that is, when ⁇ 90°.
  • the inner surface of the traditional nozzle is relatively smooth and the r value is small.
  • a series of transitional micro-protrusions 57 are arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51, which will undoubtedly greatly increase the r value so that r is much greater than 1, which greatly increases the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51
  • the lipophilic properties are.
  • the hexagonal prism asperities used in the scheme are evenly distributed on the surface with a unit area of L 2.
  • the side length of the hexagonal prism asperities is c, the minimum height is h, the height difference is ⁇ h, the area occupancy rate is ⁇ , and the vertical center distance is b.
  • the angle between the upper surface of the asperity 57 and the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 is ⁇ , and the roughness factor r per unit area can be calculated as follows:
  • the lipophilic performance of the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 can effectively adsorb the trace amount of lubricating fluid flowing out of the mixing chamber 50, thereby improving the movement resistance of the trace amount of lubricating fluid.
  • the adoption of the transitional micro-convex structure can distribute the movement resistance of the trace lubricating liquid in the acceleration chamber 51 from large to small, which helps to form a uniform oil film under the pulling action of compressed air, and at the same time greatly reduces the disturbance of the jet and improves the liquid film
  • the uniformity of the liquid line makes the final droplet distribution more uniform, and its movement path is more controllable.
  • a series of transitional micro-protrusions 57 arranged on the inner surface of the acceleration chamber 51 also greatly increase the contact area between the nozzle core 45 and the trace lubricating fluid. Due to its better lipophilicity, it also greatly increases the contact time of the trace lubricating fluid with it. Therefore, it has a more ideal charging performance.

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Abstract

一种静电喷嘴及可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，一种静电喷嘴，包括喷嘴芯（45），喷嘴芯（45）的上方连接有上喷嘴体（42），上喷嘴体（42）与喷嘴芯（45）之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；喷嘴芯（45）的下方连接有下喷嘴体（43）；喷嘴芯（45）内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室（50）、加速室（51）和喷嘴出口（52）；加速室（51）内壁上均匀排布有微凸体（57）。以及一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括加速室（51）内壁上均匀排布有微凸体（57）的静电喷嘴。微凸体增加了加速室（51）内表面的亲油性以及微量润滑液与喷嘴芯（45）的接触面积，形成液滴具有理想的荷电性能，有利于液滴后续输送路线的控制。

Description

一种静电喷嘴及可控射流微量润滑磨削系统 技术领域
本公开属于机械加工中磨削液供给装置领域，尤其涉及一种静电喷嘴及可控射流微量润滑磨削系统。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
微量润滑技术又称MQL(Minimal Quantity Lubrication)技术，具体是将极微量的磨削液与具有一定压力的压缩空气混合雾化后喷射至磨削区，对磨屑、砂轮及加工表面进行有效润滑。这一技术在保证有效润滑和冷却效果的前提下，最大限度降低磨削液的使用(约为传统浇注式润滑方式用量的千分之几)，进而降低生产成本和对环境的污染以及对人体的伤害。
纳米射流微量润滑是基于强化换热理论建立的，由强化换热理论可知，固体的传热能力远大于液体和气体。常温下固体材料的导热系数要比流体材料大几个数量级。在微量润滑介质中添加固体粒子，可显著增加流体介质的导热系数，提高对流换热能力，极大弥补微量润滑冷却能力不足的缺陷。此外，纳米粒子在润滑与摩擦学方面还具有特殊的抗磨减摩和高承载能力等摩擦学特性。纳米射流微量润滑就是将纳米级固体粒子加入微量润滑流体介质中制成纳米流体，即纳米粒子、润滑剂(油、或油水混合物)与高压气体混合雾化后以射流形式喷入磨削区。
纳米流体微量润滑技术所产生的液滴依靠高压气体的携带作用进入磨削区进而起到冷却润滑的作用，然而其运动路径并不可控，存在液滴扩散、漂移等问题。液滴飘散到工作环境中不但污染环境还威胁操作人员的身体健康，同时也降低了磨削液的有效利用率，造成了资源的浪费。现如今使用微量润滑加工时润滑液与冷却液对操作人员健康的影响正被高度关注，如：操作人员会得各种各样的呼吸系统疾病，包括职业性气喘、过敏性肺炎、肺功能丧失和皮肤病如过敏、油痤疮、和皮肤癌等。针对这一现实问题研究人员通过大量的探索工作提出静电雾化微量润滑，希望通过电场力的作用对雾化液滴实现可控输运的同时进一步提高雾化效果。
申请号为201310042095.9的专利公开了一种纳米流体静电雾化可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，该方案采用电晕荷电技术对喷嘴出口处的微量润滑液进行荷电，在高压电场的作用下液滴会进一步发生破碎，破碎形成的小液滴沿电场线方向可控的输送到磨削区，从而对磨削区进行有效的冷却润滑。申请号为201310050221.5的专利公开了一种切削液气雾微量润滑方法，该方案也采用了电晕放电原理对润滑液进行破碎和输运。
发明人发现，从目前公开的文献来看，对于机械加工领域采用静电雾化进行润滑的技术并不多，而且技术也尚未成熟。当前对于润滑油的荷电输运多采用电晕放电(电极针尖端放电)的方式，但电晕放电存在着电晕区小，荷电率差的问题，提高了使用电压的同时造成了能源的浪费。采用接触式荷电(高压电源直接与喷嘴接触)可以有效提高润滑液的荷电量，但也存在漏电风险，目前市场上并未出现适合接触式荷电的微量润滑装备。事实表明在使用接触式荷电时，在喷嘴出口处微量润滑液在压缩空气、电场力等外力作用下拉伸成一系列小液柱进而破裂成小液滴。在这一过程中液柱直径极不均匀，导致后续形成的小液滴粒径分布较为分散，不利于液滴粒径的可控。同时喷嘴出口处的小液柱在压缩空气形成的乱流作用下波动较为严重，十分不利于液滴后续输送路线的控制。
除上述问题外，发明人还发现，由于压缩空气压强较大，从喷嘴喷出时有噪音，噪音会影响操作人员听觉健康；以及在使用微量润滑磨削系统中发现由于纳米粒子吸附性能较强，输送纳米流体的管路经常出现堵塞的情况，这大大影响了其使用性能，也是静电雾化微量润滑系统亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本公开的第一方面提供了一种微织构静电喷嘴，其在加速室内侧表面设置一系列微凸体，大大增加了加速室内表面的亲油性能。
本公开的第一方面的一种微织构静电喷嘴的技术方案为：
一种微织构静电喷嘴，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体。
本公开的第二方面提供了一种二级复合微织构静电喷嘴，其在加速室内侧表面设置一系列微凸体，微凸体为二级复合结构由一级微凸体和二级微凸体构成，相比于单独的微凸体结构复合微凸体无疑会更大地增加速室内表面的亲油性能。
本公开的第二方面的一种二级复合微织构静电喷嘴的技术方案为：
一种二级复合微织构静电喷嘴，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体，所述微凸体由一级微凸体和二级微凸体组成，二级微凸体设置在一级微凸体上。
本公开的第三方面提供了一种降噪增阻静电喷嘴，其在加速室内侧表面设置一系列锥条状微凸体，锥条状微凸体之间形成的锥条凹槽能够有效的降低噪音，降低了对操作人员听觉健康的危害；加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积。
本公开的第三方面的一种降噪增阻静电喷嘴的技术方案为：
一种降噪增阻静电喷嘴，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体，所述微凸体为锥条状，任意两个锥条状微凸体之间形成锥条凹槽。
本公开的第四方面提供了一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴，其在加速室内侧表面设置一系列过渡式非等高微凸体，采用过渡式微凸体结构能够使微量润滑液在加速室内的运动阻力从大至小分布，有助于在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，同时大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。
本公开的第四方面的一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴的技术方案为：
一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体，所述微凸体采用过渡式非等高结构，即微凸体高度沿射流运动方向逐渐减小。
本公开的第五方面提供了一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其包含静电喷嘴采用静电喷嘴对润滑液进行荷电，实现雾滴实现可控分布的同时可提高荷电率及液滴的均匀度。
本公开的第五方面的一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统的技术方案为：
在一个或多个实施例中，一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括上述所述的微织构静电喷嘴。
在一个或多个实施例中，一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括上述所述的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴。
在一个或多个实施例中，一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括上述所述的降噪增阻静电喷嘴。
在一个或多个实施例中，一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括上述渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴。
本公开的有益效果是：
(1)本公开的一种微织构静电喷嘴，在加速室内侧表面设置一系列微凸体，大大增加了加速室内表面的亲油性能。加速室内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控；加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
(2)本公开的一种二级复合微织构静电喷嘴，加速室内侧表面设置一系列微凸体，微凸体为二级复合结构由一级微凸体和二级微凸体构成，相比于单独的微凸体结构复合微凸体无疑会更大地增加速室内表面的亲油性能。加速室内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控；加速室内侧表面设置的一系列二级复合微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
(3)本公开的一种降噪增阻静电喷嘴，在加速室内侧表面设置一系列锥条状微凸体，大大增加了加速室内表面的亲油性能。加速室内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。同时，锥条状微凸体之间形成的锥条凹槽能够有效的降低噪音，降低了对操作人员听觉健康的危害；加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
(4)本公开的一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴，在加速室内侧表面设置一系列过渡式非等高微凸体，采用过渡式微凸体结构能够使微量润滑液在加速室内的运动阻力从大至小分布，有助于在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，同时大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控；加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
(5)本公开的一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，采用上述静电喷嘴，大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间；而且在绝缘油管内侧涂覆有疏水疏油碳纳米涂层，由于在纳米尺寸低凹的表面可使吸附的气体分子稳定存在，所以在宏观表面上相当于有一层稳定的气体薄膜，使油和水均无法与材料表面直接接触，从而使材料表面呈现超常的双疏(疏油疏水)特性，因此可以有效的避免油管堵塞的问题。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1(a)是本公开实施例提供的圆柱型喷嘴；
图1(b)是本公开实施例提供的锥型喷嘴；
图1(c)是本公开实施例提供的锥柱型喷嘴；
图1(d)是本公开实施例提供的锥柱扩散型喷嘴；
图2是本公开实施例提供的静电喷嘴总装配剖视图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的喷嘴旋向通气孔剖视图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的混合室封盖结构示意图；
图5(a)是本公开实施例提供的微织构静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图5(b)是本公开实施例提供的微织构静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图6是本公开实施例提供的微织构静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构单位面积结构示意图；
图7(a)是本公开实施例提供的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图7(b)是本公开实施例提供的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图8(a)是本公开实施例提供的降噪增阻静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图8(b)是本公开实施例提供的降噪增阻静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图9(a)是本公开实施例提供的渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图9(b)是本公开实施例提供的渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构分布示意图；
图10是本公开实施例提供的渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴的加速室内表面展开微织构单位面积结构示意图；
图11是本公开实施例提供的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统轴测示意图；
图12是本公开实施例提供的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统爆炸示意图；
图13是本公开实施例提供的微量润滑液输送管横断面图；
图14是本公开实施例提供的可调高压直流电源电路体统框图；
图15(a)是本公开实施例提供的工件加电装置剖视图；
图15(b)是本公开实施例提供的工件加电装置俯视图。
其中，1-磨床部分工作台，2-绝缘板材，3-工件，4-砂轮，5-砂轮罩，6-磁力吸盘，7-微量润滑液输送管，8-直流高压电线，9-可调高压直流电源，10-静电喷嘴，11-箱体，12-绝缘油杯接头，13-绝缘油杯，14-绝缘固定螺栓，15-绝缘垫圈，16-绝缘连接螺栓，17-微量泵固定板，18-精密微量润滑泵，19-气流量调节旋钮，20-绝缘三通，21-电磁阀，22-过滤调压阀，23-气源接头，24-双向接头，25-脉冲控制器，26-气管Ⅰ，27-气管Ⅱ，28-气管Ⅲ，29-液流量调节旋钮，30-气液出口接头，31-电磁阀安装架，32-润滑泵进气接口Ⅰ，33-润滑泵进气接口Ⅱ，34-微量润滑液输送管出孔，35-油杯盖，36-箱盖，37-绝缘龙蛇管，38-绝缘油管，39-气体输送腔，40-疏水疏油碳纳米涂层，41-液体输送腔，42-上喷嘴体，43-下喷嘴体，44-绝缘密封圈，45-喷嘴芯，46-环状止逆圈，47-微量润滑液输送管接口，48-储气室，49-旋向气孔，50-气液混合室，51-加速室，52-喷嘴出口，53-高压电线接口，54-高压电线接出通孔，55-止逆圈安置槽，56-V 2O 5纳米纤维片材，57-微凸体，58-工件加电装置，59-绝缘壳体，60-压铁，61-永磁铁，62-开口销插槽，63-接线环，64-压紧弹簧，65-一级微凸体，66-二级微凸体。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其 指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例1
如图1(a)-图1(d)所示，目前喷射喷嘴结构有圆柱型喷嘴如图1(a)所示，锥型喷嘴如图1(b)所示，锥柱型喷嘴如图1(c)所示和锥柱扩散型喷嘴如图1(d)所示。喷嘴对于射流速度分布、紊动强度要求较高，喷嘴设计要求具有较为均匀的射流速度，速度梯度不易过大，射流紊动强度要小，射流不易有较大波动，喷嘴出口液滴浓度分布要均匀，射流浓度梯度不易过大。根据相关工作者研究经验认为，在相同入口和出口条件下，在速度分布方面，圆柱型喷嘴出口速度分布最不均匀，中心速度分布与边界速度分布相差较大，锥柱扩散型喷嘴出口速度分布最均匀，锥柱型喷嘴速度分布强于锥型喷嘴。在紊动强度方面，锥柱扩散型喷嘴的紊动强度最大，锥柱型喷嘴紊动强度介于圆柱型喷嘴和锥型喷嘴之间；在喷嘴出口液滴浓度分布方面，锥柱型喷嘴出口最为均匀。
综上分析认为，锥柱型喷嘴出口速度分布比较均匀，出口紊动强度分布较小，且出口液滴浓度分布最为均匀，所以根据对射流特性的要求，本实施例采用锥柱型喷嘴，即如图1(c)所示的这类喷嘴。
如图2、图3和图4所示，本实施例的微织构静电喷嘴，包括：上喷嘴体42，下喷嘴体43，绝缘密封圈44，喷嘴芯45，环状止逆圈46，微量润滑液输送管接口47，储气室48，旋向气孔49，气液混合室50，加速室51，喷嘴出口52，高压电线接口53，高压电线接出通孔54，止逆圈安置槽55，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，微凸体57。
所述上喷嘴体42通过螺纹连接于上方，下喷嘴体43通过螺纹连接于喷嘴芯45下方，上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43之间设置有绝缘密封圈44，可有效的防止喷嘴内的气体泄漏。上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43为绝缘材质，喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质。上喷嘴体42上方设置有微量润滑液输送管接口47，微量润滑液输送管接口47可通过螺纹与绝缘龙蛇管37相连接。从而流经绝缘龙蛇管37的压缩空气可以进入到静电喷嘴内。喷嘴芯45内设置有储气室48，储气室48起到储存压缩空气和减压的作用，同上喷嘴体42与喷嘴芯45之间形成的空闲空间也起到相同的作用。喷嘴芯45内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室50，加速室51和喷嘴出口52。加速室51收缩角α在5-20°之间，喷嘴出口直径为B长度为L,L/B取值在2-6之间，本实施例中α为13°，B为1mm，L/B为4。
喷嘴芯45上方设置有止逆圈安置槽55，环状止逆圈46固定粘接在止逆圈安置槽55槽内。环状止逆圈46为一个具有弹性的绝缘环状橡胶圈，在环状止逆圈46上阵列排布有4-10片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，图3中以8片为例。V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56沿环状止逆圈46粘贴一周将环形中心孔遮住，绝缘油管38从多片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56中心穿过进入到气液混合室50内，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56具有特殊的性质，其在外电场作用下可进行类似肌肉的强力可逆收缩，能够紧紧将绝缘油管38包住，避免了气液混合室50内气流导致的气流和润滑液回流，环状止逆圈46具有一定弹性，其弹性变形量可抵消V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56的收缩量。喷嘴芯45上设置有旋向气孔49，旋向气孔49是沿气液混合室50外壁阵列排布，入口轴线与气液混合室50内腔壁面相切，压缩空气流经旋向气孔49以切向速度v进入到气液混合室50。由于压缩空气同时通过多个旋向气孔49进入到气液混合室50内，其速度方向与轴向中心不相交，因此进入的气流对轴向中心存在一个动量矩，促使气流在气液混合室50绕轴向中心旋转，同时向喷嘴出口方向推进，从而带动纳米流体旋转形成涡流。该涡流的形成使微量润滑液与压缩空气得到充分的混合，同时也导致了乱流的形成。加速室51和喷嘴出口52主要用于射流加速和润滑液在喷嘴内的铺展，润滑液在喷嘴内和出口处通常拉扯成液膜或液线，最终在气动力和静电力等外力的做用下最终破碎成液滴。喷嘴芯45上设置有高压电线接口53，下喷嘴体43上设置有高压电线接出通孔54，直流高压电线8可以穿过高压电线接出通孔54与高压电线接口53相连接，从而为喷嘴芯45供电。加速室51内壁上设置有一系列微 凸体57，微凸体57的具体形态和位置如图6所示。
如图5(a)-图6所示，微凸体57均匀排布在加速室51内壁上，本实施例中微凸体为六棱柱，同样微凸体57也可以为圆柱体、圆锥体以及多边棱柱体。各微凸体57的水平中心距为a在5-50μm之间，竖直中心距为b在5-50μm之间，边长为c在2-7μm之间，高度为h在3-30μm之间，面积占有率η(即全部微凸体57投影面积与整个加速室51内表面面积比值)在20-80％之间。
本实施例a为15μm±3μm，b为15μm±3μm，c为4μm±0.5μm，h为10μm±1μm，η为40％，在加速室内表面51截取边长为L的正方形为分析单元其面积为L 2。
需要说明的是，可通过微凸体参数设置，实现喷嘴加速室内表面粗糙度因子的主动设计。
传统静电喷嘴中乱流的形成不利于微量润滑液的均匀铺展，润滑液和压缩空气在旋向气流的混合做用下变得极为不稳定，速度分布不均匀紊动强度较大，经加速室加速后这种显现变得尤为明显，最终导致喷嘴喷出的液滴尺寸分布也很不均匀，由于形成的液线波动较大也不利于形成液滴后的可控输运。本实施例的微织构静电喷嘴在加速室内侧表面设置一系列微凸体，大大增加了加速室内表面的亲油性能。加速室内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
实施例2
如图2-图4所示，本实施例的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴，包括：
上喷嘴体42，下喷嘴体43，绝缘密封圈44，喷嘴芯45，环状止逆圈46，微量润滑液输送管接口47，储气室48，旋向气孔49，气液混合室50，加速室51，喷嘴出口52，高压电线接口53，高压电线接出通孔54，止逆圈安置槽55，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，微凸体57。
所述上喷嘴体42通过螺纹连接于上方，下喷嘴体43通过螺纹连接于喷嘴芯45下方，上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43之间设置有绝缘密封圈44，可有效的防止喷嘴内的气体泄漏。上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43为绝缘材质，喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质。上喷嘴体42上方设置有微量润滑液输送管接口47，微量润滑液输送管接口47可通过螺纹与绝缘龙蛇管37相连接。从而流经绝缘龙蛇管37的压缩空气可以进入到静电喷嘴内。喷嘴芯45内设置有储气室48，储气室48起到储存压缩空气和减压的作用，同上喷嘴体42与喷嘴芯45之间形成的空闲空间也起到相同的作用。喷嘴芯45内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室50，加速室51和喷嘴出口52。加速室51收缩角α在5-20°之间，喷嘴出口直径为B长度为L,L/B取值在2-6之间，本实施例中α为13°，B为1mm，L/B为4。
喷嘴芯45上方设置有止逆圈安置槽55，环状止逆圈46固定粘接在止逆圈安置槽55槽内。环状止逆圈46为一个具有弹性的绝缘环状橡胶圈，在环状止逆圈46上阵列排布有4-10片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，图3中以8片为例。V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56沿环状止逆圈46粘贴一周将环形中心孔遮住，绝缘油管38从多片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56中心穿过进入到气液混合室50内，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56具有特殊的性质，其在外电场作用下可进行类似肌肉的强力可逆收缩，能够紧紧将绝缘油管38包住，避免了气液混合室50内气流导致的气流和润滑液回流，环状止逆圈46具有一定弹性，其弹性变形量可抵消V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56的收缩量。喷嘴芯45上设置有旋向气孔49，旋向气孔49是沿气液混合室50外壁阵列排布，入口轴线与气液混合室50内腔壁面相切，压缩空气流经旋向气孔49以切向速度v进入到气液混合室50。由于压缩空气同时通过多个旋向气孔49进入到气液混合室50内，其速度方向与轴向中心不相交，因此进入的气流对轴向中心存在一个动量矩，促使气流在气液混合室50绕轴向中 心旋转，同时向喷嘴出口方向推进，从而带动纳米流体旋转形成涡流。该涡流的形成使微量润滑液与压缩空气得到充分的混合，同时也导致了乱流的形成。加速室51和喷嘴出口52主要用于射流加速和润滑液在喷嘴内的铺展，润滑液在喷嘴内和出口处通常拉扯成液膜或液线，最终在气动力和静电力等外力的做用下最终破碎成液滴。喷嘴芯45上设置有高压电线接口53，下喷嘴体43上设置有高压电线接出通孔54，直流高压电线8可以穿过高压电线接出通孔54与高压电线接口53相连接，从而为喷嘴芯45供电。加速室51内壁上设置有一系列微凸体57，微凸体57的具体形态和位置如图7(a)和图7(b)所示。
如图7(a)和图7(b)所示，本实施例的微凸体57由一级微凸体65和二级微凸体66组成，均匀排布在加速室51内壁上，二级微凸体66设置在一级微凸体65上。本实施例中一级微凸体65和二级微凸体66均为圆柱形，直径分别为d 1和d 2，d 2为d 1的1/5-2/3。同样也可以设置为圆锥体以及多边棱柱体。各一级微凸体65的水平中心距为a在5-50μm之间，竖直中心距为b在5-50μm之间，高度为h在3-30μm之间，一级微凸体65面积占有率η(即全部一级微凸体65投影面积与整个加速室51内表面面积比值)在20-80％之间，根据面积占有率η可得到一级微凸体65个数为n 1。二级微凸体66高度h＇为h的1/5-1/3，二级微凸体66面积占有率η＇(即全部二级微凸体66投影面积与一级微凸体65表面面积比值)在30-80％之间，根据面积占有率η＇可得到每个一级微凸体65上二级微凸体66个数为n 2。
本实施例中d 1为4μm±0.5μm，d 2为1.5μm±0.5μm，a为15μm±mμm，b为15μm±mμm，h为10μm±1μm，η为40％，h＇为3μm±0.5μm，η＇为50％。
本实施例的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴在加速室内侧表面设置一系列微凸体，微凸体为二级复合结构由一级微凸体和二级微凸体构成，相比于单独的微凸体结构复合微凸体无疑会更大地增加速室内表面的亲油性能。加速室内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。加速室内侧表面设置的一系列二级复合微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
实施例3
如图2-图4所示，本实施例的降噪增阻静电喷嘴具体包括，上喷嘴体42，下喷嘴体43，绝缘密封圈44，喷嘴芯45，环状止逆圈46，微量润滑液输送管接口47，储气室48，旋向气孔49，气液混合室50，加速室51，喷嘴出口52，高压电线接口53，高压电线接出通孔54，止逆圈安置槽55，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，微凸体57。
所述上喷嘴体42通过螺纹连接于上方，下喷嘴体43通过螺纹连接于喷嘴芯45下方，上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43之间设置有绝缘密封圈44，可有效的防止喷嘴内的气体泄漏。上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43为绝缘材质，喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质。上喷嘴体42上方设置有微量润滑液输送管接口47，微量润滑液输送管接口47可通过螺纹与绝缘龙蛇管37相连接。从而流经绝缘龙蛇管37的压缩空气可以进入到静电喷嘴内。喷嘴芯45内设置有储气室48，储气室48起到储存压缩空气和减压的作用，同上喷嘴体42与喷嘴芯45之间形成的空闲空间也起到相同的作用。喷嘴芯45内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室50，加速室51和喷嘴出口52。加速室51收缩角α在5-20°之间，喷嘴出口直径为B长度为L,L/B取值在2-6之间，本实施例中α为13°，B为1mm，L/B为4。喷嘴芯45上方设置有止逆圈安置槽55，环状止逆圈46固定粘接在止逆圈安置槽55槽内。环状止逆圈46为一个具有弹性的绝缘环状橡胶圈，在环状止逆圈46上阵列排布有4-10片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，图3中以8片为例。V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56沿环状止逆圈46粘贴一周将环形中心孔遮住，绝缘油管38从多片V 2O 5纳米纤 维片材56中心穿过进入到气液混合室50内，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56具有特殊的性质，其在外电场作用下可进行类似肌肉的强力可逆收缩，能够紧紧将绝缘油管38包住，避免了气液混合室50内气流导致的气流和润滑液回流，环状止逆圈46具有一定弹性，其弹性变形量可抵消V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56的收缩量。喷嘴芯45上设置有旋向气孔49，旋向气孔49是沿气液混合室50外壁阵列排布，入口轴线与气液混合室50内腔壁面相切，压缩空气流经旋向气孔49以切向速度v进入到气液混合室50。由于压缩空气同时通过多个旋向气孔49进入到气液混合室50内，其速度方向与轴向中心不相交，因此进入的气流对轴向中心存在一个动量矩，促使气流在气液混合室50绕轴向中心旋转，同时向喷嘴出口方向推进，从而带动纳米流体旋转形成涡流。该涡流的形成使微量润滑液与压缩空气得到充分的混合，同时也导致了乱流的形成。加速室51和喷嘴出口52主要用于射流加速和润滑液在喷嘴内的铺展，润滑液在喷嘴内和出口处通常拉扯成液膜或液线，最终在气动力和静电力等外力的做用下最终破碎成液滴。喷嘴芯45上设置有高压电线接口53，下喷嘴体43上设置有高压电线接出通孔54，直流高压电线8可以穿过高压电线接出通孔54与高压电线接口53相连接，从而为喷嘴芯45供电。加速室51内壁上设置有一系列微凸体57，微凸体57的具体形态和位置如图8(a)和图8(b)所示。
如图8(a)和图8(b)所示，微凸体57均匀排布在加速室51内壁上，加速室51展开后上边长为L，下边长为L＇，高为H，上边与展开侧的夹角为β。本实施例中微凸体为锥条状(各锥条状微凸体57之间形成锥条凹槽)。锥条状微凸体57的上方宽度为a在3-30μm之间，两个锥条状微凸体57之间上方的距离为a＇，且a＝a＇。锥条状微凸体57的下方宽度为b和两个锥条状微凸体57之间下方的距离为b＇，且b＝b＇，所述实施例中a/a＇＝L/L＇，锥条状微凸体57高为h。面积占有率η(即全部微凸体57投影面积与整个加速室51内表面面积比值)在20-80％之间。本实施例a为15μm±mμm，h为10μm±mμm，η为50％。
本实施例的降噪增阻静电喷嘴在加速室内侧表面设置一系列锥条状微凸体，大大增加了加速室内表面的亲油性能。加速室内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。同时，锥条状微凸体之间形成的锥条凹槽能够有效的降低噪音，降低了对操作人员听觉健康的危害。加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
实施例4
如图2-图4所示，本实施例的一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴，包括：上喷嘴体42，下喷嘴体43，绝缘密封圈44，喷嘴芯45，环状止逆圈46，微量润滑液输送管接口47，储气室48，旋向气孔49，气液混合室50，加速室51，喷嘴出口52，高压电线接口53，高压电线接出通孔54，止逆圈安置槽55，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，微凸体57。
所述上喷嘴体42通过螺纹连接于上方，下喷嘴体43通过螺纹连接于喷嘴芯45下方，上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43之间设置有绝缘密封圈44，可有效的防止喷嘴内的气体泄漏。上喷嘴体42和下喷嘴体43为绝缘材质，喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质。上喷嘴体42上方设置有微量润滑液输送管接口47，微量润滑液输送管接口47可通过螺纹与绝缘龙蛇管37相连接。从而流经绝缘龙蛇管37的压缩空气可以进入到静电喷嘴内。喷嘴芯45内设置有储气室48，储气室48起到储存压缩空气和减压的作用，同上喷嘴体42与喷嘴芯45之间形成的空闲空间也起到相同的作用。喷嘴芯45内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室50，加速室51和喷嘴出口52。加速室51收缩角α在5-20°之间，喷嘴出口直径为B长度为L,L/B取值在2-6之间，本实施例中α为13°，B为1mm，L/B为4。喷嘴芯45上方设置有止逆圈安置槽55，环状止逆 圈46固定粘接在止逆圈安置槽55槽内。环状止逆圈46为一个具有弹性的绝缘环状橡胶圈，在环状止逆圈46上阵列排布有4-10片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56，图3中以8片为例。V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56沿环状止逆圈46粘贴一周将环形中心孔遮住，绝缘油管38从多片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56中心穿过进入到气液混合室50内，V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56具有特殊的性质，其在外电场作用下可进行类似肌肉的强力可逆收缩，能够紧紧将绝缘油管38包住，避免了气液混合室50内气流导致的气流和润滑液回流，环状止逆圈46具有一定弹性，其弹性变形量可抵消V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56的收缩量。喷嘴芯45上设置有旋向气孔49，旋向气孔49是沿气液混合室50外壁阵列排布，入口轴线与气液混合室50内腔壁面相切，压缩空气流经旋向气孔49以切向速度v进入到气液混合室50。由于压缩空气同时通过多个旋向气孔49进入到气液混合室50内，其速度方向与轴向中心不相交，因此进入的气流对轴向中心存在一个动量矩，促使气流在气液混合室50绕轴向中心旋转，同时向喷嘴出口方向推进，从而带动纳米流体旋转形成涡流。该涡流的形成使微量润滑液与压缩空气得到充分的混合，同时也导致了乱流的形成。加速室51和喷嘴出口52主要用于射流加速和润滑液在喷嘴内的铺展，润滑液在喷嘴内和出口处通常拉扯成液膜或液线，最终在气动力和静电力等外力的做用下最终破碎成液滴。喷嘴芯45上设置有高压电线接口53，下喷嘴体43上设置有高压电线接出通孔54，直流高压电线8可以穿过高压电线接出通孔54与高压电线接口53相连接，从而为喷嘴芯45供电。加速室51内壁上设置有一系列微凸体57，微凸体57的具体形态和位置如图9(a)和图9(b)所示。
如图9(a)和图9(b)以及图10所示，微凸体57均匀排布在加速室51内壁上，本实施例中微凸体为六棱柱，同样微凸体57也可以为圆柱体、圆锥体以及多边棱柱体。微凸体57采用过渡式非等高结构，即微凸体高度沿射流运动方向逐渐减小，相邻两排间高度差为Δh。各微凸体57的水平中心距为a在5-50μm之间，竖直中心距为b在5-50μm之间，最矮的微凸体高度为h在2-15μm之间，高度差为Δh为0.3-2μm之间，面积占有率η(即全部微凸体57投影面积与整个加速室51内表面面积比值)在20-80％之间，微凸体57上表面与加速室51内表面夹角为β。本实施例a为15μm±3μm，b为15μm±3μm，h为4μm±0.3μm，Δh为0.5μm±0.1μm，η为40％。在加速室内表面51截取边长为L的正方形为分析单元其面积为L 2，且包括最矮微凸体。
本实施例的一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴在加速室内侧表面设置一系列过渡式非等高微凸体，采用过渡式微凸体结构能够使微量润滑液在加速室内的运动阻力从大至小分布，有助于在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，同时大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。加速室内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体也极大的增加了喷嘴芯与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
实施例5
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括如图2-图6所示的微织构静电喷嘴。
如图11所示，实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，包括磨床部分工作台1，绝缘板材2，工件3，砂轮4，砂轮罩5，磁力吸盘6，微量润滑液输送管7，直流高压电线8，可调高压直流电源9，静电喷嘴10，工件加电装置58以及微量润滑装置。
在磨床部分工作台30上覆上绝缘板材2(这种材料可以导磁，但不导电，从而既可以保证工件的安装又可以保证喷嘴与工件间形成稳定电场)。将磁力吸盘6吸附在砂轮罩5侧面，采用绝缘塑料链接扣固定微量润滑液输送管7和直流高压电线8中与喷嘴相连接的那条。微量润滑液输送管7一端与微量润滑装置相连，另一端与静电喷嘴相连。直流高压电线8其中一条的一端与静电喷嘴相连为喷嘴供电，另一端与可调高压直流电源9的负极输出端相连。另一条直流高压电线8的一端与工件加电装置58相连另一端与可调高压直流电源9的正极输出端相连接，并进行接地处理。将工件加电装置58吸附于工件3非加工表面，将工件与可调 高压直流电源9正极接通。从而使喷嘴为负极性，工件表面为正极性，喷嘴与工件之间形成电场，为微量润滑液滴的可控输运提供条件。
如图12所示，微量润滑装置具体包括箱体11，绝缘油杯接头12，绝缘油杯13，绝缘固定螺栓14，绝缘垫圈15，绝缘连接螺栓16，微量泵固定板17，精密微量润滑泵18，气流量调节旋钮19，绝缘三通20，电磁阀21，过滤调压阀22，气源接头23，双向接头24，脉冲控制器25，气管Ⅰ26，气管Ⅱ27，气管Ⅲ28，液流量调节旋钮29，气液出口接头30，电磁阀安装架31，润滑泵进气接口Ⅰ32，润滑泵进气接口Ⅱ33，微量润滑液输送管出孔34，油杯盖35，箱盖36。
箱体11由绝缘塑料制成，箱体11前方设置有绝缘塑料制成的箱盖36。箱体11内设置有两组精密微量润滑泵18，两组精密微量润滑泵18上下并列布置，通过绝缘连接螺栓16将精密微量润滑泵18固定连接于微量泵固定板17下方，微量泵固定板17下方上预留有进液孔，其位置与精密微量润滑泵18进液孔相对应。进一步通过绝缘固定螺栓14和绝缘垫圈15将微量泵固定板17固定连接在箱体11内侧顶部。绝缘油杯接头12穿过箱体11上方通过螺纹连接固定在微量泵固定板17上方设置的进液孔上，绝缘油杯接头12上方与绝缘油杯13相连，从而为精密微量润滑泵18供液，绝缘油杯13上方设置有油杯盖35。
气源接头23一端固定于过滤调压阀22上，另一端与压缩空气气源相连。过滤调压阀22上设置与箱体11外侧，压缩空气由气源接头23进入过滤调压阀22，过滤调压阀22用于压缩空气过滤和入气压力调节，从而为润滑系统提供压力稳定的洁净压缩空气。过滤调压阀22通过双向接头24与电磁阀21相连接，控制压缩空气的通断，电磁阀21固定安装在电磁阀安装架31上，电磁阀安装架31设置在箱体11内。电磁阀21出口与绝缘三通20右侧接口相连接，压缩空气通过绝缘三通20下方接口通过气管Ⅰ26将压缩空气引入脉冲控制器25，压缩空气进一步通过气管Ⅱ27进入精密微量润滑泵18下方设置的润滑泵进气接口Ⅱ33，这一路压缩空气用于精密微量润滑泵18吸入绝缘油杯13中的微量润滑液，可称为吸液气路，因此可以通过脉冲控制器25控制出气频率，进而控制精密微量润滑泵18吸入润滑液的频率。绝缘三通20左侧接口通过气管Ⅲ28与精密微量润滑泵18下方设置的润滑泵进气接口Ⅰ32相连接，这一路压缩空气用于输送雾化微量润滑液，可称为雾化气路。精密微量润滑泵18上设置有气流量调节旋钮19和液流量调节旋钮29，气流量调节旋钮19用于调节雾化气路压缩空气的流量，液流量调节旋钮29用于调节精密微量润滑泵18每个脉冲内的吸液量。微量润滑液输送管7穿过箱体下方设置的微量润滑液输送管出孔34与精密微量润滑泵18上设置的气液出口接头30相连接，用于雾化空气和微量润滑液的输出。
如图13所示，微量润滑液输送管7具体由绝缘龙蛇管37，绝缘油管38，气体输送腔39，疏水疏油碳纳米涂层40，液体输送腔41几部分组成。
微量润滑液输送管7最外侧为绝缘龙蛇管37，内部设置有绝缘油管38，绝缘龙蛇管37与绝缘油管38之间形成气体输送腔39，用于雾化空气输送。绝缘油管38内部涂覆有疏水疏油碳纳米涂层40，同时在内部形成液体输送腔。绝缘龙蛇管37的一端与气液出口接头30相连接相连，另一端与静电喷嘴相连，进而使雾化空气通过精密微量润滑泵18进入静电喷嘴。绝缘油管38一端穿过气液出口接头30与精密微量润滑泵18内部设置的微量润滑液出口相连，另一端与静电喷嘴相连，进而使微量润滑液通过精密微量润滑泵18进入静电喷嘴，可见本实施例中雾化空气与微量润滑液采用同轴的形式供应至喷嘴。
如图14所示，可调高压直流电源由交流电源单元、直流稳压单元V1、直流稳压单元V2、自激振荡电路、功率放大电路、高频脉冲升压器、倍压整流电路和恒流自动控制电路组成。
本实施例的高压直流电源能产生较高的静电高压，而供电电流微小，安全性能较高。本实施例所采用的箱体、绝缘龙蛇管、绝缘油管、绝缘固定螺栓，绝缘垫圈，绝缘连接螺栓，微量泵固定板，绝缘油杯接头，绝缘油杯均为绝缘材料制成，有效避免了系统漏电。
如图15(a)和图15(b)所示，工件加电装置58由绝缘壳体59，压铁60，永磁铁61， 开口销插槽62，接线环63，压紧弹簧64构成。
绝缘壳体59内设置有永磁铁61，压铁60设置在绝缘壳体59中心，压铁60下部穿过绝缘壳体59。压铁60尾部设置有开口销插槽62和接线环63，压铁60与绝缘壳体59之间设置有压紧弹簧64。将工件加电装置58靠近工件非加工表面时，永磁铁61会与工件3产生吸引力压缩压紧弹簧64，同时压紧弹簧64提供反作用力，保证压铁60与工件3紧密相连。在压铁60上开有开口销插槽62，其作用是插入开口销，以保证工件加电装置58未与工件3吸附时，压铁60和压紧弹簧64不会从绝缘壳体59中脱落。接线环63通过直流高压电线8与可调高压直流电源9正极接线柱相连接。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统的具体工作过程如下；
将绝缘板材2铺放在磨床部分工作台1上，将工件3放置在绝缘板材2上，打开工作台磁力开关加紧工件。将静电喷嘴按照上述连接方式将上喷嘴体42，下喷嘴体43，绝缘密封圈44，喷嘴芯45，环状止逆圈46连接。打开绝缘油杯13上方油杯盖35向绝缘油杯13注入润滑液(通常为纯植物基油与纳米粒子混合而成的纳米流体)。将微量润滑液输送管7两端分别与静电喷嘴和微量润滑装置相连接，所述与静电喷嘴相连接一端的绝缘龙蛇管37与微量润滑液输送管接口47相连接，绝缘油管38从多片V 2O 5纳米纤维片材56中心穿过进入到气液混合室50内。所述与微量润滑装置相连接一端的绝缘龙蛇管37与精密微量润滑泵18上设置的气液出口接头30相连接，绝缘油管38一端穿过气液出口接头30与精密微量润滑泵18内部设置的微量润滑液出口相连。绝缘油管38可将微量润滑泵中的润滑液通过液体输送腔41输送至气液混合室50内。绝缘龙蛇管37可将雾化用压缩空气通过气体输送腔39输送至喷嘴体内。将一条直流高压电线8的一端穿过高压电线接出通孔54与高压电线接口53相连接，另一端与可调高压直流电源9负极接线柱相连。微量润滑液输送管7和这条直流高压电线8利用磁力吸盘6固定在砂轮罩5上防止窜动。再取一条直流高压电线8将其一端与接线环63相连，另一端与可调高压直流电源9正极接线柱相连。将工件加电装置58吸附在工件3的非加工表面，从而使静电喷嘴和工件3之间形成电场，为微量润滑油雾可控输运提供条件。方案所述箱体11、绝缘龙蛇管37、绝缘油管38、绝缘固定螺栓14，绝缘垫圈15，绝缘连接螺栓16，微量泵固定板17，绝缘油杯接头12，绝缘油杯13均采用绝缘材料制成，有效避免了系统漏电。
将外界气源与气源接头23上为微量润滑装置提供压缩空气，打开过滤调压阀22调节至所需压强。压缩空气经过滤调压阀22和双向接头24进入电磁阀21，电磁阀21可以控制压缩空气的通断。压缩空气通过电磁阀21出口进入绝缘三通20，绝缘三通20将压缩空气分为两路，其中一路通过气管Ⅰ26进入脉冲控制器25，通过脉冲控制器25可以控制出气频率。压缩空气经脉冲控制器25调节频率后通过气管Ⅱ27进入精密微量润滑泵18下方设置的润滑泵进气接口Ⅱ33，这一路压缩空气用于精密微量润滑泵18吸入绝缘油杯13中的微量润滑液，可称为吸液气路。通过脉冲控制器25控制进入精密微量润滑泵18中压缩空气的频率，进而控制精密微量润滑泵18吸入润滑液的频率，微量润滑液吸入精密微量润滑泵18后可通过液流量调节旋钮29调节润滑液每次脉冲的排出量，微量润滑液排出后经由液体输送腔41输送至气液混合室50内。另一路压缩空气通过气管Ⅲ28与精密微量润滑泵18下方设置的润滑泵进气接口Ⅰ32相连接，这一路压缩空气可通过流量调节旋钮19调节输出气量，调节后的压缩空气经由气体输送腔39输送至喷嘴体内用于输送雾化微量润滑液。绝缘油管38内侧涂覆有疏水疏油碳纳米涂层40，由于在纳米尺寸低凹的表面可使吸附的气体分子稳定存在，所以在宏观表面上相当于有一层稳定的气体薄膜，使油和水均无法与材料表面直接接触，从而使材料表面呈现超常的双疏(疏油疏水)特性，因此可以有效的避免油管堵塞的问题。
微量润滑液通过液体输送腔41进入到气液混合室50内，压缩空气通过气体输送腔39进入到储气室48内，进一步通过旋向气孔49进入到气液混合室50内。由于旋向气孔49是沿气液混合室50外壁阵列排布，入口轴线与气液混合室50内腔壁面相切，压缩空气流经旋向 气孔49以切向速度v进入到气液混合室50。压缩空气同时通过多个旋向气孔49进入到气液混合室50内，其速度方向与轴向中心不相交，因此进入的气流对轴向中心存在一个动量矩，促使气流在气液混合室50绕轴向中心旋转，同时向喷嘴出口方向推进，从而带动纳米流体旋转形成涡流。该涡流的形成使微量润滑液与压缩空气得到充分的混合，同时也导致了乱流的形成。微量润滑液与压缩空气充分混合后经由加速室51和喷嘴出口52两部分，这一过程中混合流得到加速和铺展，润滑液在喷嘴内和出口处通常拉扯成液膜或液线，最终在气动力和静电力等外力的做用下最终破碎成液滴。在传统静电喷嘴中乱流的形成不利于微量润滑液的均匀铺展，润滑液和压缩空气在旋向气流的混合做用下变得极为不稳定，速度分布不均匀紊动强度较大，经加速室51加速后这种显现变得尤为明显，最终导致喷嘴喷出的液滴尺寸分布也很不均匀，由于形成的液线波动较大也不利于形成液滴后的可控输运。为了解决这一问题，本方案在加速室内表面设置一系列微凸体57，其形状与分布如上所述，制成一类一种包含微织构的荷电喷嘴。
可以通过Yong’s方程和Wenzel模型，分析微织构荷电喷嘴的有益效果。液体在固体表面上的接触角由固、气、液界面间表面张力相互平衡所决定的，最终的平衡状态使得体系总能量趋于最小，因此液体在固体表面上一般处于稳态或亚稳态。通常液滴在光滑平坦固体表面上的接触角可以用Yong’s方程表示：
γ sv＝γ sl+γ lv cosθ    (1)
即：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000001
其中γ sv、γ sl、γ lv分别为固—气、固—液、气—液界面的表面张力；θ为平衡接触角，也可称为本征接触角。
Wenzel模型中认为将一液滴置于一个粗糙表面上的真实接触角很难测定，实验所测定的只是其表观接触角，可用θ r表示。若固体表面上的液体能够填满粗糙固体表面上的凹坑，则称为湿接触。此时在恒温恒压条件下，由于界面的变化引起体系自由能的变化可表示如下：
d E＝r(γ sv-γ sl)dx+γ lvdx cosθ r   (3)
其中，d E为接触线有一无限小量dx移动时所需要的总能量，在平衡态时d E＝0，进而可以得到表观接触角和本证接触角之间的关系如下：
cosθ r＝r(γ sv-γ sl)/γ lv   (4)
其中r为粗糙度因子，指实际的固—液界面接触面积与表观接触面积之比(r≥1)。将公式(2)和公式(4)进行对比可得：
cosθ r＝r cosθ   (5)
Wenzel模型表明，粗糙表面的存在使得实际上固液的接触面积要大于表观接触面积，于是在几何上增强了疏液性或亲液性。当θ＜90°时，θ r随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低，表面变得更亲液。当θ＞90°时，θ r随着表面粗糙度的增加而变大，表面变得更疏液。本方案所采用的喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质通常为紫铜或不锈钢，这些材料表面为亲油类表面即当θ＜90°。传统喷嘴内表面较为光滑r值较小，本方案在加速室51内侧表面设置一系列微凸体57，这无疑会大大增加r值使r远大于1，即大大增加了加速室51内表面的亲油性能。方案所用六棱柱微凸体均匀分布在单位面积为L 2的表面上，六棱柱微凸体边长为c，高为h，分布个数n 可根据η和加速室内表面实际面积确定，此时单位面积上的粗糙度因子r可计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000002
根据公式(6)可以看出通过设置微凸体的个数n，边长c和高度h可实现粗糙度因子r的主动设计。
加速室51内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室50内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。加速室51内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体57也极大的增加了喷嘴芯45与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
打开可调高压直流电源9开关为喷嘴芯45供电，喷嘴芯45通过与微量润滑液接触对其荷电，微量润滑液在静电力气动力的作用下雾化为均匀小液滴，进而可控输送至切削区实现冷区润滑功能。微量润滑液的具体雾化机理可表述如下：
静电雾化是静电力克服液体表面张力，从而导致液体破碎为微小雾滴的现象。喷嘴芯45与微量润滑液接触使液体表面带有大量的同性电荷，增加了液体表面活性，使表层分子产生显著的定向排列，降低了表面张力。在液体体积不变的情况下，随着电荷电量增加，表面张力会逐渐减小。当表面张力的大小不足以束缚液体时，液体便会在表面同性电荷之间的相互排斥作用以及外力引起的液体表面扰动下破碎为细小雾滴。
当液滴与周围的气体之间有较高的相对速度，则液滴的分裂是由气动压力、表面张力和粘性力控制的。对于粘度较低的液体，液滴的破碎主要由气动压力和表面张力决定。液膜、液线及大液滴所受的气动压力为0.5ρ gΔV 2，其中ρ g是气体密度，ΔV是气液相对速度。然而，表面张力产生的内聚力将阻碍液体发生变形破碎，内聚力可以表示为4σ/D，σ是液体固有的表面张力，D为初始液滴直径。
液滴直径减小时，内聚力加大，当内聚力和气动压力造成的拉应力两者平衡时，液滴保持稳定，若两者不能互相抵消，液滴就会变形甚至破碎。根据作用在液滴上的气动力产生的拉应力和表面张力产生的内聚力两者平衡这个原则，可以得出一个无量纲数：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000003
从而可知当韦伯数大于8时，液滴受力不平衡，发生变形。另外根据(7)可以求出与ΔV相对应的最大稳态液滴直径：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000004
荷电液滴在库仑斥力的作用下，表面张力变弱，变弱后的表面张力值为：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000005
其中r为液滴半径，q为液滴的荷电量，ε为周围空气介电常数。从式中显然可以看出当带电量q增加时，表面张力就下降，由此可知液滴表面荷电有助于雾化。
此时荷电液滴的We可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000006
由(10)可见，高速气流中荷电液滴的破碎与气液相对速度、气液物性参数以及充电场有密切的关系。此外，若液滴在气流中达到稳定状态，荷上静电以后，We数增大，液体表面张力减小，不足以抵抗气动压力，液滴将进一步发生变形、破碎，所以在气液参数相同的情况下，荷上静电后雾滴粒径更小。这就达到了细化雾滴颗粒的目的，同时液滴表面相同的电荷，可以保证液滴的分布更加均匀。
接触式荷电的荷电量计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000007
其中，q t为分裂前大液滴荷电量，ε 0、ε分别为空气和微量润滑油的介电常数，r 1 2为分裂前大液滴半径，E 0为空间电场强度，q max为液滴饱和荷电量，τ为带电时间常数，t为荷电时间。根据公式11可见提高荷电量的有效方法是提高电场强度或增加荷电时间，微凸体57的设置可有效增加荷电时间t。微量润滑液经荷电雾化后的索泰尔平均直径d 32可通过下式计算：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000008
其中，k 1为与喷嘴结构相关的系数，k 2为与荷电量qt相关的系数，|u l-u g|为液体与气体的相对速度绝对值，μ l为液体的动力粘性系数，σ为液体表面张力，ρ l为液体密度，Q l为液体流量，Q g为气体流量。从公式(12)可见荷电雾化形成的液滴粒径与喷嘴结构，液体参数，气体参数直接相关。
从喷嘴喷出的雾滴，在气动力和电场力的作用下向工件加速运动，在电场力的作用下定向移动，使其最大量的覆盖于工件表面。在静电场中存在“静电环抱”效应，因此当雾滴和纳米粒子向工件运动是更易进入到工件具有一定粗糙度表面的凹陷处，从而扩大了相对覆盖面积，能够起到更好的润滑和换热作用。
根据图14可以看出，可调高压直流电源37由自激振荡电路、功率放大电路、高频脉冲升压器、倍压整流电路、直流稳压单元V1和直流稳压单元V2和恒流自动控制电路组成。其工作原理为输入端接交流电源，直流稳压单元V1和直流稳压单元V2提供直流电压。直流稳压单元V1作为自激振荡电路的工作电压。直流稳压单元V2是功率转换的主要能源，高频脉冲升压器经倍压整流电路整流获得高压静电，基脉冲信号由自激振荡电路获得，经功率放大电路放大后，在高频脉冲升压器的升压下，最终输出高压信号，经倍压整流电路从而输出直流高压。
该电源的特点是能产生较高的静电高压，而供电电流微小，一般不超过500μA。恒流自动控制电路自动对倍压整流电路的静电工作电流取样，在恒流时，当工作负载正常加大时，不会引起工作电流的上升。当外负载超过允许电流时，自激振荡电路停震，高压被截止，这种特性对操作人员的安全是可靠的，一旦接近或触及高压端，引起的触电电流很微弱，同时截断高压输出，所以不会有生命危险。
实施例6
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，与实施例5中的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统结构不同点在于：静电喷嘴结构不同。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统包括如图2、图3、图4以及图7(a)和图7(b)所示的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统的具体工作过程与实施例5的具体工作过程一致，不同点在于：
传统喷嘴内表面较为光滑r值较小，本方案在加速室51内侧表面设置一系列微凸体57，微凸体57为二级复合结构由一级微凸体65和二级微凸体66构成，相比于单独的微凸体结构复合微凸体无疑会更大地增加r值使r远大于1，从而大大增加了加速室51内表面的亲油性能。方案所用一级微凸体65和二级微凸体66构成的直径分别为d1和d2，高分别为h和h＇，一级微凸体65数量n 1和二级微凸体66数量n 2，若加速室51内表面总面积为S，则粗糙度因子r可计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000009
根据公式(13)可以看出通过设置一级微凸体65个数n 1直径d 1高度h，二级微凸体66个数n 1直径d 1高度h＇，可实现粗糙度因子r的主动设计。
实施例7
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，与实施例5中的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统结构不同点在于：静电喷嘴结构不同。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统包括如图2、图3、图4以及图8(a)和图8(b)所示的降噪增阻静电喷嘴。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统的具体工作过程与实施例5的具体工作过程一致，不同点在于：
Wenzel模型表明，粗糙表面的存在使得实际上固液的接触面积要大于表观接触面积，于是在几何上增强了疏液性或亲液性。当θ＜90°时，θ r随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低，表面变得更亲液。当θ＞90°时，θ r随着表面粗糙度的增加而变大，表面变得更疏液。本方案所采用的喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质通常为紫铜或不锈钢，这些材料表面为亲油类表面即当θ＜90°。传统喷嘴内表面较为光滑r值较小，本方案在加速室51内侧表面设置一系列微凸体57，这无疑会大大增加r值使r远大于1，即大大增加了加速室51内表面的亲油性能。本实施例所用锥条状微凸体57均匀分布在加速室内表面上，上边长为a，下边长为b，高为h，可根据η和加速室内表面面积确定，此时单位面积上的粗糙度因子r可计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000010
根据公式(14)可以看出通过设置微凸体57的个数n，上边长a和高度h可实现粗糙度因子r的主动设计。
加速室51内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室50内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力，并在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。加速室51内侧表面设置的一系列微凸体57也极大的增加了喷嘴芯45与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。同时，锥条状微凸体之间形成的锥条凹槽能够有效的降低噪音，降低了对操作人员听觉健康的危害。
实施例8
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，与实施例5中的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统结构不同点在于：静电喷嘴结构不同。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统包括如图2、图3、图4、图9(a)、图9(b)和图10所示的渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴。
本实施例的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统的具体工作过程与实施例5的具体工作过程一致，不同点在于：
Wenzel模型表明，粗糙表面的存在使得实际上固液的接触面积要大于表观接触面积，于是在几何上增强了疏液性或亲液性。当θ＜90°时，θ r随着表面粗糙度的增加而降低，表面变得更亲液。当θ＞90°时，θ r随着表面粗糙度的增加而变大，表面变得更疏液。本方案所采用的喷嘴芯45为金属导电材质通常为紫铜或不锈钢，这些材料表面为亲油类表面即当θ＜90°。传统喷嘴内表面较为光滑r值较小，本方案在加速室51内侧表面设置一系列过渡式微凸体57，这无疑会大大增加r值使r远大于1，即大大增加了加速室51内表面的亲油性能。方案所用六棱柱微凸体均匀分布在单位面积为L 2的表面上，六棱柱微凸体边长为c，最小高为h，高度差为Δh，面积占有率为η，竖直中心距为b，微凸体57上表面与加速室51内表面夹角为β，此时单位面积上的粗糙度因子r可计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2020074386-appb-000011
根据公式(15)可以看出通过设置微凸体的面积占有率η，边长c，高度h，高度差Δh，竖直中心距b，可实现粗糙度因子r的主动设计。
加速室51内表面的亲油性能可有效的吸附从混合室50内流出的微量润滑液，提高了微量润滑液的运动阻力。采用过渡式微凸体结构能够使微量润滑液在加速室51内的运动阻力从大至小分布，有助于在压缩空气的拉扯作用下形成均匀油膜，同时大大降低了射流的扰动提高了液膜液线的均匀度，进而使得最终形成的液滴分布也更为均匀，其运动路径也更加可控。加速室51内侧表面设置的一系列过渡式微凸体57也极大的增加了喷嘴芯45与微量润滑液的接触面积，由于其更好的亲油性也大大增加了微量润滑液与其接触的时间，因此具有更为理想的荷电性能。
上述虽然结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本公开保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本公开的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本公开的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种微织构静电喷嘴，其特征在于，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体。
  2. 一种二级复合微织构静电喷嘴，其特征在于，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体，所述微凸体由一级微凸体和二级微凸体组成，二级微凸体设置在一级微凸体上。
  3. 一种降噪增阻静电喷嘴，其特征在于，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体，所述微凸体为锥条状，任意两个锥条状微凸体之间形成锥条凹槽。
  4. 一种渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴，其特征在于，包括：喷嘴芯，所述喷嘴芯的上方连接有上喷嘴体；所述上喷嘴体与喷嘴芯之间形成空闲空间，用来储存压缩空气和减压；所述喷嘴芯的下方连接有下喷嘴体；喷嘴芯内部从上至下依次设置有气液混合室、加速室和喷嘴出口；所述加速室内壁上均匀排布有微凸体，所述微凸体采用过渡式非等高结构，即微凸体高度沿射流运动方向逐渐减小。
  5. 一种可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1所述的微织构静电喷嘴；
    或
    如权利要求2所述的二级复合微织构静电喷嘴；
    或
    如权利要求3所述的降噪增阻静电喷嘴；
    或
    如权利要求4所述的渐变微凸体接触式静电喷嘴。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    磨床部分工作台，所述磨床部分工作台上方设置有砂轮，所述砂轮外侧设置有砂轮罩；工件设置于所述磨床部分工作台与砂轮之间；所述砂轮罩上固定有微量润滑液输送管，所述 微量润滑液输送管的一端与静电喷嘴相连通，另一端与微量润滑装置相连通；
    所述静电喷嘴还与可调高压直流电源电连接，所述可调高压直流电源还与工件加电装置电连接；所述工件加电装置吸附于工件的非加工表面，工件与可调高压直流电源的正极连接，从而使静电喷嘴为负极性，工件表面为正极性，静电喷嘴与工件之间形成电场，为微量润滑液滴的可控输运提供条件。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其特征在于，所述加速室收缩角α在5-20°之间；喷嘴出口的直径为B，喷嘴出口的长度为L，L/B取值在2-6之间；
    或/和
    喷嘴芯上方设置有止逆圈安置槽，环状止逆圈固定粘接在止逆圈安置槽内；
    或/和
    喷嘴芯上方设置有止逆圈安置槽，环状止逆圈固定粘接在止逆圈安置槽内，在环状止逆圈上阵列排布有若干V 2O 5纳米纤维片材，所述V 2O 5纳米纤维片材沿环状止逆圈粘贴一周将环形中心孔遮住；
    或/和
    喷嘴芯上设置有旋向气孔，旋向气孔是沿气液混合室外壁阵列排布，入口轴线与气液混合室内腔壁面相切，压缩空气流经旋向气孔以切向速度进入到气液混合室；
    或/和
    喷嘴芯上设置有高压电线接口，下喷嘴体上设置有高压电线接出通孔，直流高压电线可穿过高压电线接出通孔与高压电线接口相连接，从而为喷嘴芯供电；
    或/和
    微量润滑液输送管最外侧为绝缘龙蛇管，内部设置有绝缘油管，绝缘龙蛇管与绝缘油管之间形成气体输送腔，用于雾化空气输送；绝缘油管内部涂覆有疏水疏油碳纳米涂层，同时在内部形成液体输送腔；雾化空气与微量润滑液采用同轴的形式供应至静电喷嘴；
    或/和
    所述可调高压直流电源包括交流电源单元，所述交流电源单元与第一直流稳压单元和第二直流稳压单元分别相连，所述第一直流稳压单元依次与功率放大电路和高频脉冲升压器相连，所述高频脉冲升压器与倍压整流电路相连，所述倍压整流电路与恒流自动控制电路相连，所述恒流自动控制电路与第二直流稳压单元相连；
    或/和
    所述工件加电装置包括绝缘壳体，绝缘壳体内设置有永磁铁，压铁下部穿过绝缘壳体的 中心位置，压铁与绝缘壳体之间设置有压紧弹簧，当工件加电装置靠近工件非加工表面时，永磁铁会与工件产生吸引力压缩压紧弹簧，同时压紧弹簧提供反作用力，保证压铁与工件紧密相连；
    或/和
    所述工件加电装置包括绝缘壳体，绝缘壳体内设置有永磁铁，压铁下部穿过绝缘壳体的中心位置，压铁与绝缘壳体之间设置有压紧弹簧，当工件加电装置靠近工件非加工表面时，永磁铁会与工件产生吸引力压缩压紧弹簧，同时压紧弹簧提供反作用力，保证压铁与工件紧密相连；所述压铁尾部设置有开口销插槽，所述开口销插槽用于插入开口销，以保证工件加电装置未与工件吸附时，以防压铁和压紧弹簧从绝缘壳体中脱落；
    或/和
    所述工件加电装置包括绝缘壳体，绝缘壳体内设置有永磁铁，压铁下部穿过绝缘壳体的中心位置，压铁与绝缘壳体之间设置有压紧弹簧，当工件加电装置靠近工件非加工表面时，永磁铁会与工件产生吸引力压缩压紧弹簧，同时压紧弹簧提供反作用力，保证压铁与工件紧密相连；所述压铁尾部设置有开口销插槽，所述开口销插槽用于插入开口销，以保证工件加电装置未与工件吸附时，以防压铁和压紧弹簧从绝缘壳体中脱落；所述压铁尾部设置有接线环，所述接线环通过直流高压电线与可调高压直流电源正极接线柱相连接。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其特征在于，所述微量润滑装置，包括：
    精密微量润滑泵，所述精密微量润滑泵上设置有精密微量润滑泵进液孔，所述精密微量润滑泵进液孔连通绝缘油杯，所述绝缘油杯用于为精密微量润滑泵供液；所述精密微量润滑泵上还连通有吸液气路和雾化气路，所述吸液气路和雾化气路均与压缩空气气源相连通；所述吸液气路用于控制精密微量润滑泵吸入绝缘油杯中的微量润滑液；所述雾化气路用于输送雾化微量润滑液。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其特征在于，所述雾化气路的一端与润滑泵第一进入接口相连，另一端与三通阀门的第一接口相连；所述吸液气路的一端与润滑泵第二进入接口相连，另一端与三通阀门的第二接口相连；三通阀门的第三接口通过管道与压缩空气气源相连；
    或/和
    所述雾化气路的一端与润滑泵第一进入接口相连，另一端与三通阀门的第一接口相连；所述吸液气路的一端与润滑泵第二进入接口相连，另一端与三通阀门的第二接口相连；三通 阀门的第三接口通过管道与压缩空气气源相连；所述三通阀门的第三接口与压缩空气气源之间的管道上还设置有过滤调压阀，所述过滤调压阀与电磁阀相连，电磁阀与脉冲控制器相连，脉冲控制器用于控制电磁阀的通断频率以来控制压缩空气的出气频率，进而控制精密微量润滑泵吸入润滑液的频率；
    或和
    精密微量润滑泵上设置有气流量调节旋钮和液流量调节旋钮，气流量调节旋钮用于调节雾化气路压缩空气的流量，液流量调节旋钮用于调节精密微量润滑泵每个脉冲内的吸液量。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的可控射流微量润滑磨削系统，其特征在于，所述磨床部分工作台上覆设有绝缘板材；
    或和
    所述砂轮罩的侧面吸附有磁力吸盘，微量润滑液输送管固定在磁力吸盘上；
    或和
    精密微量润滑泵的数量为两组，两组精密微量润滑泵上下并列布置。
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