WO2020177239A1 - 一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020177239A1
WO2020177239A1 PCT/CN2019/091940 CN2019091940W WO2020177239A1 WO 2020177239 A1 WO2020177239 A1 WO 2020177239A1 CN 2019091940 W CN2019091940 W CN 2019091940W WO 2020177239 A1 WO2020177239 A1 WO 2020177239A1
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Prior art keywords
loose
springboard
walking
rescue
road conditions
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PCT/CN2019/091940
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庄勒
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庄勒
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Publication date
Application filed by 庄勒 filed Critical 庄勒
Publication of WO2020177239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020177239A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B15/00—Wheels or wheel attachments designed for increasing traction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B15/00—Wheels or wheel attachments designed for increasing traction
    • B60B15/18—Wheels with ground-engaging plate-like shoes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B39/00—Increasing wheel adhesion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C27/00—Non-skid devices temporarily attachable to resilient tyres or resiliently-tyred wheels
    • B60C27/20—Non-skid devices temporarily attachable to resilient tyres or resiliently-tyred wheels having ground-engaging plate-like elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S13/00—Vehicle-manoeuvring devices separate from the vehicle

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of automobile technology, in particular to a motive force self-rescue and walking equipment and method for automobiles in loose road conditions.
  • wheeled vehicles have great advantages in comprehensive economy, handling flexibility, and comfort in use. Therefore, except for a very small number of special vehicles that use crawlers, most of the vehicles used in the society are wheeled vehicles.
  • the existing technology has the problem that wheeled vehicles easily fall into a loose road and are difficult to save themselves when facing loose road conditions, so that in addition to affecting the efficiency of the vehicle, it is more likely to cause problems or even desperation for the personnel on the vehicle.
  • This application is proposed in response to the above problems, and its purpose includes providing a motive force self-rescue and walking equipment and method for vehicles in loose and sunken road conditions.
  • the vehicle's own power and onboard auxiliary equipment are used to realize the self-rescue of the vehicle and make the wheeled vehicle continue to walk on the loose road.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a motive force self-rescue and walking equipment in loose and sunken road conditions.
  • the motive force self-rescue and walking equipment in loose and sunken road conditions includes:
  • An additional shaft which is configured to be screwed into a screw hole reserved on the hub;
  • a support frame the upper end of the support frame is sleeved on the additional shaft, and the length and width of the lower part of the support frame can stand firmly on the breakaway board;
  • a breakaway springboard the breakaway springboard is provided with two notches, the width of the notch is greater than the outer diameter of the tire, so that the breakaway springboard can be easily inserted from the outside to avoid the obstacles of the tires under the car, and the bottom edge of the support frame is supported on the side of the notch. Leaving the springboard to make the tire climb rapidly during the pressing process of the support frame, that is, being lifted to the springboard and driving away from the position of looseness.
  • a folded edge is provided at the bottom of the support frame, and a folded edge 14 is provided on the bottom edge of the support frame 2, so that the folded edge 14 can be used to ensure that the support frame 2 is pressed on the escaping springboard 3 and between the escaping springboard 3 It has a larger contact area to strengthen the support stability.
  • the present application further includes an additional springboard configured to be spliced with the breakaway springboard to form an elongated breakaway springboard.
  • the aforementioned wheel hub has reinforcing ribs, and the screw holes reserved on the hub are located on the reinforcing ribs and correspond to the reinforcing ribs one-to-one.
  • a screw plug is screwed into the screw hole of the hub.
  • a first positioning pin hole is opened in the lower part of the support frame, a positioning pin is installed in the first positioning pin hole, and a plurality of second positioning pin holes are provided on the hub for insertion of the positioning pins;
  • both the breakaway springboard and the additional springboard are foldable structures.
  • the breakaway springboard and the additional springboard may both have a foldable structure with a central axis of rotation, or both may include respective multi-section connecting plates, and multiple sections are connected.
  • the boards are hinged to each other to form a multi-segment hinged foldable structure to facilitate storage, and at the same time facilitate the turning and laying of the jumping board and the additional jumping board.
  • a cover plate capable of covering the gap is installed on the breakaway springboard, and the cover plate is hinged to the breakaway springboard.
  • the cover plate is rotated to make the cover cover the gap after the wheels climb off the springboard, so as to prevent When the loose area climbed up and got off the springboard and moved forward, it fell into it again.
  • the present application also includes a walking boot similar to a large snowboard.
  • the bottom surface of the walking boot is a board surface that unfolds in a horizontal plane.
  • the bottom of the support frame is provided with a folded edge, and the top of the walking boot is fixed on the folded edge. Every time the wheel turns, the walking shoe repeats the action of "press down-back shift-lift up and press down".
  • pressing down the area of contact with the ground is much larger than the wheel and it is not easy to sink.
  • back shifting it helps the car to move forward. Walk, and move repeatedly to make the vehicle move forward on foot.
  • a suspension hole is opened on the top of the walking boot, the folding edge passes through the suspension hole, and a positioning member is installed on the folding edge, and the positioning member is configured to limit the relative position of the walking boot.
  • the positioning member is a fixing pin, and a limit hole that penetrates the flange in the vertical direction is opened on the flange, the fixing pin is inserted into the limit hole, and the fixing pin limits the top of the walking shoe to the fixing pin And the folding edge relative to the bending part of the support frame.
  • the positioning member is a bolt
  • the flange is provided with a limit hole that penetrates the flange in a vertical direction.
  • the limit hole is a threaded hole.
  • the bolt is screwed into the inside of the threaded hole, and the bolt sets the top of the walking shoe. It is limited between the bolt and the folded edge relative to the bending part of the support frame.
  • a bending part is provided on the top of the walking boot, and the bending part and the folding edge are attached to each other; a fixing member for fixing the bending part and the folding edge is arranged between the bending part and the folding edge.
  • the fixing member includes a bolt and a nut.
  • the bending part and the flange are provided with perforations.
  • the rod of the bolt passes through the perforation on the bending part and the perforation on the flange in turn and is tightened by the nut.
  • a non-slip pattern is provided on the bottom of the walking boot.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a motive force self-rescue and walking method in loose and sunken road conditions.
  • the motive force self-rescue and walking method in loose and sunken road conditions includes the following steps:
  • a screw hole that matches the number of existing wheel hub reinforcement ribs configured to install an additional shaft is machined on the automobile wheel hub, and each reinforcement rib is provided with a screw hole;
  • the walking boots can also be hung on the support frame, so that the walking boots are intermittently supported on the ground with the rotation of the support frame.
  • the walking boots are similar to the ground contact area of the crawler and the stepping operation mode is used to maintain pulse walking, that is: make the vehicle Do not sink and keep striding forward until you get out of trouble.
  • the above-mentioned breakaway springboard and the additional springboard are both foldable structures.
  • the breakaway springboard and the additional springboard may both have a foldable structure with a central axis of rotation, or both may include respective multi-section connecting plates, and multiple sections.
  • the connecting plates are hinged to each other to form a multi-section hinged foldable structure to facilitate storage, and at the same time facilitate the turning and laying of the jumping board and the additional jumping board.
  • the original power of the car can be used to lift the wheels out of the sandpit, and at the same time, the wheels can be placed on a springboard that can dissipate pressure and prevent sinking and provide effective adhesion, so that the car can easily get rid of loose road sections.
  • This application does not require external power for rescue, and completely relies on the vehicle's own power to achieve self-rescue, which is beneficial to improving the driving safety of wheeled vehicles in loose areas; and the application has simple structure, convenient manufacture, convenient operation and use, and can be easily operated without professional training .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an additional shaft in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support frame in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of Figure 2, which includes positioning pins;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of walking boots in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the walking boot and the support frame in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the structure of the breakaway springboard in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of an additional springboard in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application in a state where the motive force self-rescue and the walking equipment in a loose road condition are installed;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the support frame in the embodiment of the present application in a state where it is contacted and separated from the springboard and starts to play a lifting effect;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the screw plug in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is another schematic diagram showing the connection between the walking shoe and the support frame in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Icon 1-additional shaft; 2-support frame; 3-break off the ramp; 4-notch; 5-additional ramp; 6-positioning pin; 7-wheel hub; 71-reinforcing rib; 72-screw plug; 8-tyre; 9 -Cover plate; 10- screw hole; 11- through hole; 12- first positioning pin hole; 13- walking shoe; 131- hanging hole; 132- bending part; 14- folding edge; 15- positioning member; 16- Limit hole; 17-second positioning pin hole; 18-fixture; 181-bolt; 182-nut.
  • This embodiment provides a motive force self-rescue and walking equipment in loose and sunken road conditions.
  • the motive force self-rescue and walking equipment under loose and sunken cars in road condition includes an additional shaft 1, a support frame 2 and one off the springboard 3.
  • the additional shaft 1 is configured to be screwed into the screw hole 10 reserved on the hub 7; the upper end of the support frame 2 is sleeved on the additional shaft 1, and the support frame
  • the length and width of the lower part of 2 can stand firmly on the escape ramp 3; refer to Figure 6 for details, the escape ramp 3 is provided with two notches 4, the width of the notches 4 is greater than the outer diameter of the tire 8, so that the escape ramp 3 is easy to avoid
  • the tire 8 is inserted under the vehicle, and the bottom edge of the support frame 2 is supported on the escape ramp 3 on the notch side, so that the tire 8 quickly climbs to the escape ramp 3 during the pressing process of the support frame 2 and drives away from the loose position.
  • a folding edge 14 is provided at the bottom of the support frame 2.
  • the shape of the support frame 2 can be designed according to needs.
  • the support frame 2 is formed in a trapezoidal or rectangular or square or pentagonal or hexagonal shape.
  • the shape of the support frame 2 is preferably the triangular shape with folding edge structure as shown in FIG. 2; by setting the folding edge 14 on the bottom edge of the supporting frame 2, the folding edge 14 can be used to ensure that the supporting frame 2 is pressed out of the springboard. 3 There is a larger contact area between the up and off the springboard 3 to strengthen the support stability.
  • the support frame 2 can also be implemented without the above-mentioned hemming 14, but its thickness should ensure sufficient strength and support stability
  • a through hole 11 for the additional shaft 1 to pass through is provided on the top of the support frame 2;
  • the two notches 4 of the breakaway ramp 3 are located on the same side of the breakaway ramp 3, and the distance between the two notches 4 is the same as that between the front and rear tires 8. The spacing is equal, so that the detachment board 3 can be inserted into the bottom of the vehicle smoothly, avoiding the front and rear tires 8.
  • breakaway ramp 3 Take out the breakaway ramp 3. Specifically, there are two breakaway ramps 3. Insert one of the breakaway ramps 3 from the bottom of the two left wheels of the vehicle.
  • the inserted breakaway ramp 3 has two notches 4 to avoid the left front tire and Left rear tire; insert the other breakaway ramp 3 from the bottom of the two right wheels of the vehicle, and insert the two notches 4 of the breakaway ramp 3 to avoid the right front tire and right rear tire respectively; drive the wheels to rotate at this time ,
  • the support frame 2 is driven to rotate down around the additional shaft 1 until the bottom of the support frame 2 is supported on the side of the part with the notch 4 that is separated from the springboard 3, so that the support frame 2 is pressed away from the springboard 3, as shown in Figure 9 ,
  • the tire 8 is lifted up by the reaction force and drives off the springboard to complete self-rescue.
  • the original power of the car can be used to lift the wheels out of the sandpit, and at the same time, the wheels can be placed on a springboard that can dissipate pressure and prevent sinking and provide effective adhesion, so that the car can easily get rid of loose road sections.
  • This application does not require external power for rescue, and completely relies on the vehicle's own power to achieve self-rescue, which is beneficial to improve the driving safety of wheeled vehicles in loose areas; and the application has simple structure, convenient manufacture, convenient operation and use, and can be convenient without professional training. operating.
  • the motive power self-rescue and walking equipment for vehicles in loose road conditions further includes an additional springboard 5 as an optional accessory.
  • the additional springboard 5 is configured to be spliced with the breakaway springboard 3 to form an elongated breakaway springboard.
  • the hub 7 has reinforcing ribs 71, and the screw holes 10 reserved on the hub 7 are located on the reinforcing ribs 71 and correspond to the reinforcing ribs 71 one by one. Specifically, the reserved holes on the hub 7
  • the number of screw holes 10 is related to the structure of the hub 7. According to the characteristics of the vehicle hub, generally speaking, a screw hole 10 is provided on the reinforcing rib 71 of each hub 7.
  • each reinforcing rib 71 of the hub 7 is 5
  • each reinforcing rib 71 is provided with a screw hole 10
  • the number of screw holes 10 is 7
  • Each reinforcing rib 71 is provided with a screw hole 10; the position of the screw hole 10 is generally located on the reinforcing rib 71 of the wheel hub 7 near the end of the tire 8.
  • a screw plug 72 is screwed into the screw hole 10 reserved on the hub 7.
  • a screw plug 72 that is convenient for disassembly can be added to the screw hole 10, and only the screw plug 72 that needs to be installed with the additional shaft 1 is unscrewed during use.
  • a first positioning pin hole 12 is opened in the lower part of the support frame 2
  • a positioning pin 6 is installed in the first positioning pin hole 12
  • the hub 7 is There are multiple second positioning pin holes 17 for positioning pins 6 to be inserted; when the vehicle has been driven on and off the ramp 3, if you do not want to remove the support frame 2 temporarily, you can press the positioning pins 6 to extend it out of the first positioning pin holes 12 is inserted into a second positioning pin hole 17 on the wheel hub 7, so that the support frame 2 is fixed on the wheel so that the support frame 2 temporarily loses the ability to rotate around the additional shaft 1 and stops working, so as to prevent the support frame 2 from normalizing the tire 8 Driving causes unnecessary interference, so that the tire 8 can resume normal operation.
  • the design and manufacture of the positioning pin 6 belong to simple mechanical common sense, and this application will not specifically limit and elaborate. If it enters the normal driving road, remove the support frame 2 and put it in the trunk along with the breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5.
  • both the breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5 are foldable structures.
  • the breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5 may both be foldable structures with a pivoting axis, or both may include
  • the respective multi-section connecting plates, and the multi-section connecting plates are hinged to each other to form a multi-section hinged foldable structure to facilitate storage, and at the same time facilitate the turning and laying of the jumping board 3 and the additional jumping board 5.
  • the breakaway springboard 3 is formed by connecting multiple sections of steel plates or high-strength engineering plastics. When in use, the respective ground contact areas of the breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5 are similar to crawlers, which helps the vehicle to quickly drive out of the loose area.
  • a cover 9 capable of covering the gap 4 is installed on the breakaway ramp 3, and the cover 9 is hinged to the breakaway ramp 3, and the cover 9 is rotated after the tire 8 climbs on the breakaway ramp 3 during use.
  • the cover plate 9 is made to cover the gap 4 to prevent the tire 8 from being trapped again when the tire 8 climbs from the slack area and leaves the springboard 3 and moves forward.
  • the motive power self-rescue and walking equipment for vehicles in loose road conditions further includes a walking boot 13.
  • the bottom surface of the walking boot 13 is a board surface that unfolds in a horizontal plane, and the bottom of the support frame 2 is provided
  • the folding edge 14 is used as a base for fixing the walking boot 13, and the top of the walking boot 13 is fixed on the folding edge 14.
  • the folding edge 14 can be formed by bending the bottom edge of the support frame 2 in the horizontal direction or welding plates on the bottom of the support frame 2; when in use, when the tire is lifted to the breakaway board 3 and on the breakaway board 3
  • the walking boots 13 can be fixed on the folded edge 14 of the support frame 2, and the large ground contact area of the walking boots 13 is similar to that of a crawler, so that the vehicle can still use the walking boots 13 to intermittently in a large area under bad road conditions.
  • the walking shoe 13 repeats the action of "pressing down-back shifting-lifting and pressing down" every time the wheel turns.
  • the ground contact area is much larger than the contact area between the tire and the ground, and it is not easy to sink. When “rearing”, it helps the car move forward. Repeated movement makes the car move forward on foot. Of course, you can choose between it and the additional springboard 5 mentioned above. Once used, it can also be used alternately. After the car drives out of the loose ground, remove the walking boots and put them in the trunk for use. Among them, the use of walking boots makes this application effective on snow-covered roads. As long as the depth of snow does not exceed half a wheel, walking boots can move forward under snow.
  • a suspension hole 131 is provided on the top of the walking boot 13.
  • the folding edge 14 passes through the suspension hole 131, and a positioning member 15 is installed on the folding edge 14, and the positioning member 15 is configured as The position of the walking boot 13 relative to the folded edge 14 is limited to prevent the walking boot 13 from falling off by itself.
  • the positioning member 15 is a fixing pin.
  • the flange 14 is provided with a limiting hole 16 that penetrates the flange 14 in a vertical direction, and the fixing pin is inserted into the limiting hole 16. And the fixing pin limits the top of the walking shoe 13 between the fixing pin and the part where the folding edge 14 is bent relative to the support frame 2.
  • the positioning member 15 is a bolt.
  • the flange 14 is provided with a limit hole 16 that penetrates the flange 14 in a vertical direction.
  • the limit hole 16 is a threaded hole, and the bolt is screwed into the inside of the threaded hole.
  • the bolt limits the top of the walking shoe 13 between the bolt and the part where the flange 14 is bent relative to the support frame 2.
  • a bending portion 132 is provided on the top of the walking boot 13.
  • the bending portion 132 and the edge 14 are attached to each other; a pair of bending is provided between the bending portion 132 and the edge 14
  • the fixing member 18 includes a bolt 181 and a nut 182.
  • the bending part 132 and the flange 14 are provided with perforations.
  • the rod of the bolt 181 passes through the perforation on the bending part 132 and the flange 14 in turn. After being perforated, the nut 182 is tightened.
  • a non-slip pattern is provided on the bottom of the walking boot 13 so that the friction between the bottom of the walking boot 13 and the loose ground can be increased, so as to improve the adhesion to the ground and improve the stability of the vehicle during driving.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a motive force self-rescue and walking method in loose and sunken road conditions.
  • the motive force self-rescue and walking method in loose and sunken road conditions apply the above-mentioned motive force self-rescue and walking equipment in loose and sunken road conditions.
  • the motive force self-rescue and walking method of the vehicle in loose road conditions specifically includes the following steps:
  • a threaded hole 71 is machined on the automobile wheel hub 7 that is configured to install the additional shaft 1 and the number of the ribs 71 of the existing wheel hub 7 is matched, so that each rib 71 is provided with one
  • the screw holes 10 for example, at least five equally divided screw holes 10 are processed on the hub 7.
  • the screw holes 10 can be equipped with screw plugs 72 that can be quickly assembled and disassembled, and the angle between the five equal divisions is 72. Degree, which is also a commonly used structure of existing automobile wheels;
  • the additional springboard 5 carried by the vehicle is laid on the front part of the breakaway springboard 3, and then alternately laid to make full use of the pressure relief and anti-sagging ability of the breakaway springboard 3 and good friction until the vehicle leaves the loose section; the walking boots 13 can also be hung On the support frame 2, the ground contact area of the walking shoe 13 is similar to that of the crawler and the stepping operation mode is used to continue pulsed walking until the vehicle leaves the loose section and gets out of the predicament.
  • the above-mentioned breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5 are both foldable structures.
  • the breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5 may both have a foldable structure with a pivot axis, or They all include their own multi-section connecting plates, and the multi-section connecting plates are hinged to each other to form a multi-section hinged foldable structure to facilitate storage, and at the same time facilitate the turning and laying of the jumping board 3 and the additional jumping board 5.
  • the breakaway springboard 3 is connected by multiple sections of steel plates or high-strength engineering plastics. When in use, the respective ground contact areas of the breakaway springboard 3 and the additional springboard 5 are similar to crawlers, which helps the vehicle to quickly drive out of the loose area.
  • the embodiment of the application provides a motive force self-rescue and walking equipment in loose and sunken road conditions including: an additional shaft configured to be screwed into a screw hole reserved on a wheel hub; a support frame, the upper end of the support frame is sleeved on the additional shaft It can stand firmly on the escaping springboard; escaping the springboard, the escaping springboard is provided with two notches, the width of the notch is greater than the outer diameter of the tire, so that it is convenient to avoid the tire and insert it under the vehicle from the side.
  • the wheels use the original power to rotate, they will drive the support frame down to separate from the springboard, and use the reaction force to lift the car up and away from the springboard to get out of the loose position.
  • the motive force self-rescue and walking method of the vehicle in loose and sunken road conditions include the application of the aforementioned vehicle motive force self-rescue and walking equipment in the loose and sunk road conditions.
  • the original power of the car can be used to lift the wheels out of the sandpit, and at the same time, the wheels can be placed on a springboard that can dissipate pressure and prevent sinking and provide effective adhesion, so that the car can easily get rid of loose road sections.
  • This application does not require external power for rescue, and completely relies on the vehicle's own power to achieve self-rescue, which is beneficial to improve the driving safety of wheeled vehicles in loose areas; and the application has simple structure, convenient manufacture, convenient operation and use, and can be convenient without professional training. Operation, with industrial applicability.

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Abstract

一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法，其中，自救和行走设备包括：附加轴（1），该附加轴（1）配置成旋装在轮毅（7）上预留的螺孔（10）中；支撑架（2），该支撑架（2）的上端套装在附加轴（1）上；脱离跳板（3），该脱离跳板（3）设有两个缺口（4），缺口（4）的宽度大于轮胎（8）外径；自救和行走设备的使用方法为：将脱离跳板（3）避开轮胎（8）从侧面插入车下，使车轮利用原有动力旋转，带动支撑架（2）下压脱离跳板（3），利用反作用力将汽车顶升上脱离跳板（3）从而脱离松陷位置。

Description

一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年03月01日提交中国专利局的申请号为201910155635.1、名称为“一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及汽车技术领域，尤其是一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法。
背景技术
众所周知，轮式车辆在综合经济性、操控灵活性和使用舒适性等等多方面占有极大优势，因此，除了极少数特种车辆使用履带以外，社会上使用的绝大多数都是轮式车辆。
然而与履带式车辆相比，轮式车辆的轮胎与地面之间的接触面积要小很多，其自然压强大、附着力低；面对同等松陷路况时，履带不会深陷而车轮会深陷，履带相对于地面有较大的附着力可以保证车辆前行，而车轮只能打滑空转，无法提供有效的前进动力。以上是轮式车辆相对于履带式车辆的一个潜在缺点。
这个潜在缺点对绝大多数公路车辆并无实际威胁，可对社会上大量越野运动爱好者、野外勘探工作者、甚至野战部队来讲情况就大不一样了。他们为了99％的现实利益大量选用轮式车辆，这种利弊权衡无可厚非。但他们同时又不得不面对野外的无路环境，他们冒1％风险的结果是：轮式车辆不但可能直接误入松陷路况，而且原本尚可的野外地面也可能因为降雨或解冻等因素瞬间褪变成只有履带式车辆才能适应的松陷路况。简而言之，他们在野外面临的松陷路况风险相当大，即使是四轮驱动、并且安装了越野轮胎的车辆，通过性能也仅是略有改善而已，在松陷路况下依然可能被困。一旦被困，若想依靠人力把汽车抬上或拉上正常路面、在轮下垫入跳板等等实际极难操作甚至根本办不到；有些越野汽车本身配有机动绞盘，可是要想找到或临时制作锚固点也极难成功；呼叫远方救援也常常可望而不可及。实际结果是，轮式车辆一旦在野外陷入松陷路面就相当麻烦甚至危险，被迫抛弃车辆、严重耽误工作的很普遍，因此衍生出人员伤亡惨烈后果的情况也时有发生。而轮式车辆面临的这些困难和损失，都不是人们愿意接受的。
综上，现有技术存在：轮式车辆在面对松陷路况时极易陷入松陷路面且难以自救，从而除了影响车辆行进效率之外更可能使车上人员陷入困境甚至绝境的问题。
申请内容
本申请是针对以上问题提出的，其目的包括提供一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法， 该汽车松陷汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备及方法的有益效果包括能在轮式车辆陷入松陷路面时，利用车辆自身动力以及随车辅助设备实现车辆自救并使轮式车辆在松陷路况下坚持行走。
为实现本申请的目的采用如下的技术方案：
本申请实施例提供一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备包括：
一附加轴，该附加轴配置成旋装在轮毂上预留的螺孔中；
一支撑架，该支撑架的上端套装在附加轴上，支撑架的下部的长度和宽度能在脱离跳板上站稳；
一脱离跳板，该脱离跳板设有两个缺口，缺口的宽度大于轮胎的外径，以使脱离跳板可以方便地从外侧避开轮胎的阻碍插入汽车下面，支撑架的底边支承在缺口侧的脱离跳板上，使轮胎在支撑架的下压过程中迅速爬升，即：被顶升至脱离跳板上，驶离松陷位置。
可选地，在支撑架的底部设置有折边，通过在支撑架2的底边设置折边14，从而可利用折边14保证支撑架2压在脱离跳板3上时与脱离跳板3之间具有较大接触面积，加强支撑稳定性。
可选地，本申请还包括一附加跳板，该附加跳板配置成与脱离跳板拼接形成加长式脱离跳板。
可选地，上述轮毂具有加强筋，轮毂上预留的螺孔位于加强筋上并与加强筋一一对应。
可选地，在轮毂的螺孔中旋装有螺塞。
可选地，在支撑架的下部开设有第一定位销孔，在第一定位销孔中安装有定位销，在轮毂上设有多个供定位销插入的第二定位销孔；当车辆已经驶上脱离跳板后可以按压定位销使之伸出第一定位销孔插入到轮毂上的第二定位销孔中，从而将支撑架固定在车轮上使支撑架暂时失去绕附加轴旋转的能力而停止工作，这样轮胎即可恢复常态工作，此时仅是动平衡稍差而已，非高速行驶对汽车性能无影响。
可选地，脱离跳板和附加跳板均为可折叠结构，具体地，脱离跳板和附加跳板可均为具有回转中轴的可折叠结构，也可以均包括各自的多节连接板，且多节连接板之间相互铰接形成多段式铰接可折叠结构以便于收纳，同时有利于脱离跳板和附加跳板的转弯铺设。
可选地，在脱离跳板上安装有能盖住缺口的盖板，且盖板铰接于脱离跳板，使用时在车轮爬上脱离跳板后旋转盖板使盖板盖住缺口，以防止当车轮从松陷区爬上脱离跳板后前行时再次陷入。
可选地，本申请还包括一类似于大滑雪板的行走靴，行走靴的底面呈在水平面内展开的板面，在支撑架的底部设有折边，行走靴的顶部固定于折边上，车轮每转动一圈，行走靴就重复一遍“下压-后拨-抬起再下压”的动作，下压时因触地面积远大于车轮而不易下陷，“后拨”时助力汽车向前行，反复运动使车辆以步行方式前行。
可选地，在行走靴的顶部开设有悬挂孔，折边穿过悬挂孔，且在折边上安装有定位件，定位件配置成对行走靴相对折边的位置进行限定。
可选地，定位件为固定销，在折边上开设有沿竖直方向贯通折边的限位孔，固定销插入于限位孔的内部，且固定销将行走靴的顶部限位于固定销和折边相对支撑架弯折的部位之间。
可选地，定位件为螺栓，在折边上开设有沿竖直方向贯通折边的限位孔，该限位孔为螺纹孔，螺栓旋入螺纹孔的内部，且螺栓将行走靴的顶部限位于螺栓和折边相对支撑架弯折的部位之间。
可选地，在行走靴的顶部设置有弯折部，弯折部与折边相互贴合；在弯折部和折边之间设置有对弯折部和折边进行固定的固定件。
可选地，固定件包括螺栓和螺母，在弯折部和折边上均设置有穿孔，螺栓的杆部依次穿过弯折部上的穿孔和折边上的穿孔后被螺母旋紧。
可选地，在行走靴的底部设置有防滑花纹。
本申请实施例还提供一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法，该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法包括以下步骤：
首先，在汽车轮毂上加工出配置成安装附加轴的与现有轮毂加强筋数量相配的螺孔，每个加强筋上均设有一个螺孔；
其次，在汽车陷入松陷路面时，先将随车携带的脱离跳板取出，将脱离跳板展开并将脱离跳板上的缺口位置对准轮胎插入汽车下面；再将随车携带的附加轴和支撑架安装在露出路面的最上面的一个螺孔中并拧紧，使支撑架的底边在重力作用下自然平行于地面；
第三，驱动车辆前进或倒退，在车轮旋转带动支撑架转动，转动中的支撑架最终支撑在脱离跳板上产生一个向上的反作用力，将轮胎顶上脱离跳板从而改在脱离跳板行驶，脱离跳板与松陷地面面接触而不会下陷，此时如果已脱离松陷地面，则车辆继续前行，如果脱离跳板的前部仍为松陷地面，则可取出随车携带的附加跳板铺设在脱离跳板前部，然后交替铺设，充分利用脱离跳板的散压防陷能力和良好的摩擦力直至车辆驶离松陷地段。也可将行走靴挂装在支撑架上，使行走靴随支撑架转动间歇性支撑在地面上利用行走靴类似于履带的触地面积和跨步式运行方式坚持脉冲式行走，即：使车辆不会下陷而保持跨步式继续前行，直至走出困境。
可选地，上述脱离跳板和附加跳板均为可折叠结构，具体地，脱离跳板和附加跳板可均为具有回转中轴的可折叠结构，也可以均包括各自的多节连接板，且多节连接板之间相互铰接形成多段式铰接可折叠结构以便于收纳，同时有利于脱离跳板和附加跳板的转弯铺设。
本申请能实现的有益效果包括：
本申请可利用汽车原有动力将车轮抬出沙坑，同时将车轮安放在可以散压防陷、可以提供有效附着力的脱离跳板上，使汽车轻松摆脱松陷路段。本申请无需外用动力施救，完全依靠车辆自身动力实现自救，有利于提高轮式车辆在松陷地段的行驶安全；且本申请结构简单，制造方便，操作使用方便，无需专业训练也能方便操作。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例中的附加轴的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中的支撑架的结构示意图；
图3是图2的侧视图，图中包括有定位销；
图4是本申请实施例中的行走靴的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例中的行走靴与支撑架连接结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例中的脱离跳板的俯视结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例中的附加跳板的俯视结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备的完成安装的状态下的整体结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例中的支撑架接触到脱离跳板开始发挥顶升作用的状态下的整体结构示意图；
图10是表示本申请实施例中的螺塞的结构示意图；
图11是表示本申请实施例中的行走靴与支撑架连接的另一结构示意图。
图标：1-附加轴；2-支撑架；3-脱离跳板；4-缺口；5-附加跳板；6-定位销；7-轮毂；71-加强筋；72-螺塞；8-轮胎；9-盖板；10-螺孔；11-通孔；12-第一定位销孔；13-行走靴；131-悬挂孔；132-弯折部；14-折边；15-定位件；16-限位孔；17-第二定位销孔；18-固定件；181-螺栓；182-螺母。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的说明。
本实施例提供一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，参照图1-3、图6、图8和图9，该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备包括一附加轴1、一支撑架2和一脱离跳板3。
具体地，参照图8和图9，结合图1-图3，附加轴1配置成旋装在轮毂7上预留的螺孔10中；支撑架2的上端套装在附加轴1上，支撑架2的下部的长度和宽度能在脱离跳板3上站稳；详细参照图6，脱离跳板3设有两个缺口4，缺口4的宽度大于轮胎8的外径，以使脱离跳板3便于避开轮胎8插入车下，支撑架2的底边支承在缺口侧的脱离跳板3上，使轮胎8在支撑架2的下压过程中迅速爬升至脱离跳板3上，驶离松陷位置。
其中，附加轴1的具体结构如图1所示，其强度可通过工程计算和设计满足实际使用要求；
可选地，参照图2，在支撑架2的底部设置有折边14，支撑架2的形状可根据需要自行设计，例如，支撑架2形成为梯形或矩形或正方形或五边形或六边形等，例如，支撑架2的形状优选为图2所示的三角形带折边结构；通过在支撑架2的底边设置折边14，从而可利用折边14保证支撑架2压在脱离跳板3上时与脱离跳板3之间具有较大接触面积，加强支撑稳定性，当然，具体实施时支撑架2也可以不带上述折边14，但其厚度应保证有足够的强度和支撑稳定性；另外，如图2所示，在支撑架2的顶部设置有供附加轴1穿过的通孔11；
另外，如图6所示，沿脱离跳板3的长度方向，脱离跳板3的两个缺口4位于脱离跳板3的同侧， 且两个缺口4之间的间距与前后两个轮胎8之间的间距相等，以使脱离跳板3顺利避开前后两个轮胎8插入于车辆底部。
该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备的具体使用方式如下：
当车辆陷入松软路面，轮胎原地打圈无法爬出陷坑时，可立即取出附加轴1和支撑架2，将附加轴1穿过支撑架2上端的通孔11，将附加轴1旋入轮毂7最高处的螺孔10中并拧紧，此时支撑架2的下部边缘在支撑架2自身重力下自然平行于地面，将两侧四个车轮均如图8所示完成支撑架2的安装；。
取出脱离跳板3，具体的，脱离跳板3具有两个，将其中一个脱离跳板3从车辆的两个左侧车轮底部插入，插入的脱离跳板3的两个缺口4分别避开左侧前轮胎和左侧后轮胎；将另一个脱离跳板3从车辆的两个右侧车轮底部插入，插入的脱离跳板3的两个缺口4分别避开右侧前轮胎和右侧后轮胎；此时驱动车轮旋转，带动支撑架2绕附加轴1向下转动，直至支撑架2的底部支承在脱离跳板3的具有缺口4的部位的一侧上，从而使支撑架2压迫脱离跳板3，如图9所示，轮胎8受到反作用力上抬驶上脱离跳板，即完成自救。
本申请可利用汽车原有动力将车轮抬出沙坑，同时将车轮安放在可以散压防陷、可以提供有效附着力的脱离跳板上，使汽车轻松摆脱松陷路段。本申请无需外用动力施救，完全依靠车辆自身动力实现自救，有利于提高轮式车辆在松陷地段的行驶安全性；且本申请结构简单，制造方便，操作使用方便，无需专业训练也能方便操作。
可选地，参照图7，该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备还包括一作为可选配件的附加跳板5，附加跳板5配置成与脱离跳板3相互拼接形成加长式脱离跳板，从而，在使用时，如果判定前部仍为松陷路面，则同时在两个脱离跳板3前面分别拼接铺放附加跳板5，车辆两侧均铺好脱离跳板3和附加跳板5后，即可驱动车轮旋转。
可选地，参照图8和图9，轮毂7具有加强筋71，轮毂7上预留的螺孔10位于加强筋71上并与加强筋71一一对应，具体地，轮毂7上预留的螺孔10的数量与轮毂7结构有关，根据车辆轮毂特点，一般而言，每个轮毂7的加强筋71上均设一个螺孔10，例如，当轮毂7的加强筋71的数量为5个时，螺孔10的数量为5个，每个加强筋71上设有一个螺孔10；又如，当轮毂7的加强筋71的数量为7个时，螺孔10的数量为7个，每个加强筋71上设有一个螺孔10；螺孔10的位置一般位于轮毂7的加强筋71上靠近轮胎8的一端上。
可选地，参照图10，在轮毂7上预留的螺孔10中旋装有螺塞72。平时，螺孔10中可加装方便拆卸的螺塞72，使用时只需将需要安装附加轴1的那个螺塞72旋下即可。
可选地，参照图2、图5、图8和图9，在支撑架2的下部开设有第一定位销孔12，在第一定位销孔12中安装有定位销6，在轮毂7上设有多个供定位销6插入的第二定位销孔17；当车辆已经驶上脱离跳板3后，若暂时不想拆下支撑架2，可以按压定位销6使之伸出第一定位销孔12插入到轮毂7上的一个第二定位销孔17中，从而将支撑架2固定在车轮上使支撑架2暂时失去绕附加轴1旋转的能力停 止工作，避免支撑架2对轮胎8的正常行驶造成多余干扰，这样轮胎8即可恢复常态工作，此时仅是动平衡稍差而已，非高速行驶对汽车性能无影响。定位销6的设计制造属于简单的机械常识，本申请不作具体限定和细述。若进入正常行驶路面，再将支撑架2拆下，与脱离跳板3及附加跳板5一并放入后备箱中备用。
可选地，参照图6和图7，脱离跳板3和附加跳板5均为可折叠结构，具体地，脱离跳板3和附加跳板5可均为具有回转中轴的可折叠结构，也可以均包括各自的多节连接板，且多节连接板之间相互铰接形成多段式铰接可折叠结构以便于收纳，同时有利于脱离跳板3和附加跳板5的转弯铺设。其中，脱离跳板3由多段钢板或高强度工程塑料连接而成，使用时，脱离跳板3和附加跳板5各自的触地面积均类似于履带，有助于车辆快速驶出松陷区。
可选地，参照图6，在脱离跳板3上安装有能盖住缺口4的盖板9，且盖板9铰接于脱离跳板3，使用时在轮胎8爬上脱离跳板3后旋转盖板9使盖板9盖住缺口4，以防止当轮胎8从松陷区爬上脱离跳板3后前行时再次陷入。
可选地，参照图4和图5，该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备还包括一行走靴13，行走靴13的底面呈在水平面内展开的板面，在支撑架2的底部设有折边14，以作为固定行走靴13的基座，行走靴13的顶部固定于折边14上。其中，折边14可由支撑架2的底边沿水平方向弯折而成或者在支撑架2的底部焊接板件而成等；使用时，在轮胎被抬升至脱离跳板3上并在脱离跳板3上行驶后，可在支撑架2的折边14上固定上述行走靴13，利用行走靴13的类似于履带般较大的触地面积，以便车辆在不良路况下仍能借助行走靴13大面积间歇性触地而不下陷并保持步行式继续前行，具体地，以车轮每转动一圈，行走靴13就重复一遍“下压-后拨-抬起再下压”的动作，下压时因触地面积远大于轮胎与地面的接触面积而不易下陷，“后拨”时为汽车前行助力，反复运动使车辆以步行方式前行，当然，其与上述的附加跳板5之间可择其一进行使用，也可以交替使用，待汽车驶出松陷地面后，取下行走靴放入后备箱中备用。其中，行走靴的使用，使本申请对积雪路面同样有效，只要积雪深度不超过半个车轮，行走靴就可以压雪前行。
可选地，参照图4，在行走靴13的顶部开设有悬挂孔131，结合图5，折边14穿过悬挂孔131，且在折边14上安装有定位件15，定位件15配置成对行走靴13相对折边14的位置进行限定，以防止行走靴13自行脱落。可选地，其中定位件15为固定销，参照图3，在折边14上开设有沿竖直方向贯通所述折边14的限位孔16，固定销插入于限位孔16的内部，且固定销将所行走靴13的顶部限位于固定销和折边14相对支撑架2弯折的部位之间。或者，定位件15为螺栓，参照图3，在折边14上开设有沿竖直方向贯通折边14的限位孔16，该限位孔16为螺纹孔，螺栓旋入螺纹孔的内部，且螺栓将行走靴13的顶部限位于螺栓和折边14相对支撑架2弯折的部位之间。
可选地，参照图11，在所述行走靴13的顶部设置有弯折部132，弯折部132与折边14相互贴合；在弯折部132和折边14之间设置有对弯折部132和折边14进行固定的固定件18。可选地， 其中固定件18包括螺栓181和螺母182，在弯折部132和折边14上均设置有穿孔，螺栓181的杆部依次穿过弯折部132上的穿孔和折边14上的穿孔后被螺母182旋紧。
可选地，在行走靴13的底部设置有防滑花纹，从而，可增加行走靴13底部与松陷地面之间的摩擦力，以提高对地附着力，提高汽车行驶过程中的稳定性。
另外，本申请实施例还提供一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法，该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法应用上述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备。该汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法具体包括以下步骤：
结合图1至图11，首先，在汽车轮毂7上加工出配置成安装附加轴1的与现有轮毂7的加强筋71数量相配的螺孔71，使每个加强筋71上均设有一个螺孔10，例如，在轮毂7上加工至少五个等分螺孔10，正常情况下，螺孔10可加装能快速装拆的螺塞72，五等分时相互之间夹角为72度，这也是现有汽车轮毂常用的结构；
其次，如图8所示，在汽车陷入松陷路面时，先将随车携带的脱离跳板3取出，将脱离跳板3展开并将脱离跳板3上的缺口4位置对准轮胎8插入汽车下面；再将随车携带的附加轴1和支撑架2安装在露出路面的最上面的一个螺孔10中并拧紧，使支撑架2的底边在重力作用下自然平行于地面；
第三，驱动车辆前进或倒退，车轮旋转带动支撑架2转动，转动中的支撑架2最终支撑在脱离跳板3上产生一个向上的反作用力，将轮胎8顶上脱离跳板3从而改在脱离跳板3上行驶，脱离跳板3与松陷地面面接触而不会下陷，此时如果已脱离松陷地面，则车辆继续前行，如果脱离跳板3的前部仍为松陷地面，则可取出随车携带的附加跳板5铺设在脱离跳板3前部，然后交替铺设，充分利用脱离跳板3的散压防陷能力和良好的摩擦力直至车辆驶离松陷地段；也可将行走靴13挂装在支撑架2上，利用行走靴13类似于履带的触地面积和跨步式运行方式坚持脉冲式行走，直至车辆驶离松陷地段，走出困境。
可选地，参照图6和图7，上述的脱离跳板3和附加跳板5均为可折叠结构，具体地，脱离跳板3和附加跳板5可均为具有回转中轴的可折叠结构，也可以均包括各自的多节连接板，且多节连接板之间相互铰接形成多段式铰接可折叠结构以便于收纳，同时有利于脱离跳板3和附加跳板5的转弯铺设。其中，脱离跳板3由多段钢板或高强度工程塑料连接而成，使用时，脱离跳板3和附加跳板5各自的触地面积均类似于履带，有助于车辆快速驶出松陷区。
本申请未涉及部分如各部件之间的工程尺寸配合等均与现有技术相同或可采用现有技术加以实现。
工业实用性
本申请实施例提供一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备包括：附加轴，该附加轴配置成旋装在轮毂上预留的螺孔中；支撑架，该支撑架的上端套装在附加轴上，并能在脱离跳板上站稳；脱离跳板，该脱离跳板设有两个缺口，缺口的宽度大于轮胎外径，以使其便于避开轮胎从侧面插入车下。当车轮利 用原有动力旋转时，将带动支撑架下压脱离跳板，利用反作用力将汽车顶升上脱离跳板从而脱离松陷位置。汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法包括对前述汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备的应用。本申请可利用汽车原有动力将车轮抬出沙坑，同时将车轮安放在可以散压防陷、可以提供有效附着力的脱离跳板上，使汽车轻松摆脱松陷路段。本申请无需外用动力施救，完全依靠车辆自身动力实现自救，有利于提高轮式车辆在松陷地段的行驶安全性；且本申请结构简单，制造方便，操作使用方便，无需专业训练也能方便操作，具有工业实用性。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备包括：
    一附加轴(1)，所述附加轴(1)配置成旋装在轮毂(7)上预留的螺孔(10)中；
    一支撑架(2)，所述支撑架(2)的上端套装在所述附加轴(1)上，所述支撑架(2)的下部的长度和宽度能在脱离跳板(3)上站稳；
    一脱离跳板(3)，所述脱离跳板(3)设有两个缺口(4)，所述缺口(4)的宽度大于轮胎(8)的外径，以使所述脱离跳板(3)便于避开轮胎(8)插入车下，所述支撑架(2)的底边支承在所述缺口侧的脱离跳板(3)上，使轮胎(8)在支撑架(2)的下压过程中迅速爬升至脱离跳板(3)上，驶离松陷位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述支撑架(2)的底部设置有折边(14)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备还包括一附加跳板(5)，所述附加跳板(5)配置成与所述脱离跳板(3)拼接形成加长式脱离跳板。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述轮毂(7)具有加强筋(71)，所述轮毂(7)上预留的螺孔(10)位于所述加强筋(71)上并与所述加强筋(71)一一对应。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述轮毂(7)上预留的螺孔(10)中旋装有螺塞(72)。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述支撑架(2)的下部开设有第一定位销孔(12)，在所述第一定位销孔(12)中安装有定位销(6)，在所述轮毂(7)上设有多个供所述定位销(6)插入的第二定位销孔(17)。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述脱离跳板(3)和所述附加跳板(5)均为可折叠结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述脱离跳板(3)上安装有能盖住所述缺口(4)的盖板(9)，且所述盖板(9)铰接于所述脱离跳板(3)。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于， 所述汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备还包括一行走靴(13)，所述行走靴(13)的底面呈在水平面内展开的板面，在所述支撑架(2)的底部设有折边(14)，所述行走靴(13)的顶部固定于所述折边(14)上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述行走靴(13)的顶部开设有悬挂孔(131)，所述折边(14)穿过所述悬挂孔(131)，且在所述折边(14)上安装有定位件(15)，所述定位件(15)配置成对所述行走靴(13)相对所述折边(14)的位置进行限定。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述定位件为固定销，在所述折边(14)上开设有沿竖直方向贯通所述折边(14)的限位孔(16)，所述固定销插入于所述限位孔(16)的内部，且所述固定销将所述行走靴(13)的顶部限位于所述固定销和所述折边(14)相对所述支撑架(2)弯折的部位之间。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述定位件为螺栓，在所述折边(14)上开设有沿竖直方向贯通所述折边(14)的限位孔(16)，所述限位孔(16)为螺纹孔，所述螺栓旋入所述螺纹孔的内部，且所述螺栓将所述行走靴(13)的顶部限位于所述螺栓和所述折边(14)相对所述支撑架(2)弯折的部位之间。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述行走靴(13)的顶部设置有弯折部(132)，所述弯折部(132)与所述折边(14)相互贴合；在所述弯折部(132)和所述折边(14)之间设置有对所述弯折部(132)和所述折边(14)进行固定的固定件(18)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，所述固定件(18)包括螺栓(181)和螺母(182)，在所述弯折部(132)和所述折边(14)上均设置有穿孔，所述螺栓(181)的杆部依次穿过所述弯折部(132)上的穿孔和所述折边(14)上的穿孔后被所述螺母(182)旋紧。
  15. 根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，其特征在于，在所述行走靴(13)的底部设置有防滑花纹。
  16. 一种汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法，其特征在于，所述汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法应用权利要求1至15任一项所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走设备，包括以下步骤：
    首先，在汽车轮毂(7)上加工出配置成安装附加轴(1)的与现有轮毂(7)的加强筋(71)数量相配的螺孔(10)，每个加强筋(71)上均设有一个螺孔(10)；
    其次，在汽车陷入松陷路面时，先将随车携带的脱离跳板(3)取出，将脱离跳板(3)展开并将脱离跳板(3)上的缺口(4)位置对准轮胎(8)插入汽车下面；再将随车携带的附加轴(1)和支撑架(2)安装在露出路面的最上面的一个螺孔(10)中并拧紧，使支撑架(2)的底边在重力作用下自然平行于地面；
    第三，驱动车辆前进或倒退，车轮旋转带动支撑架(2)转动，转动中的支撑架(2)最终支撑在脱离跳板(3)上产生一个向上的反作用力，将轮胎(8)顶上脱离跳板(3)从而改在脱离跳板(3)上行驶，脱离跳板(3)与松陷地面面接触而不会下陷，此时如果已脱离松陷地面，则车辆继续前行，如果脱离跳板(3)的前部仍为松陷地面，则可取出随车携带的附加跳板(5)铺设在脱离跳板(3)前部，然后交替铺设，充分利用脱离跳板(3)的散压防陷能力和良好的摩擦力直至车辆驶离松陷地段；也可将行走靴(13)挂装在支撑架(2)上，利用行走靴(13)类似于履带的触地面积和跨步式运行方式坚持脉冲式行走，直至走出困境。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的汽车松陷路况原动力自救和行走方法，其特征在于，所述脱离跳板(3)和所述附加跳板(5)均为可折叠结构。
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