WO2020175844A1 - 수중 콘크리트 블록 구조물 시공 방법 - Google Patents

수중 콘크리트 블록 구조물 시공 방법 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020175844A1
WO2020175844A1 PCT/KR2020/002356 KR2020002356W WO2020175844A1 WO 2020175844 A1 WO2020175844 A1 WO 2020175844A1 KR 2020002356 W KR2020002356 W KR 2020002356W WO 2020175844 A1 WO2020175844 A1 WO 2020175844A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
ground
concrete block
underwater
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2020/002356
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
김상기
Original Assignee
김상기
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 김상기 filed Critical 김상기
Priority to CA3127315A priority Critical patent/CA3127315C/en
Priority to US17/423,722 priority patent/US20220081867A1/en
Priority to CN202080010064.3A priority patent/CN113330164A/zh
Priority to BR112021014346-7A priority patent/BR112021014346A2/pt
Priority to AU2020229253A priority patent/AU2020229253B2/en
Priority to RU2021121201A priority patent/RU2769309C1/ru
Priority to EP20762752.2A priority patent/EP3933114A4/en
Publication of WO2020175844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020175844A1/ko

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D25/00—Joining caissons, sinkers, or other units to each other under water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/40—Foundations for dams across valleys or for dam constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0007—Production methods using a mold
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0061—Production methods for working underwater
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
    • E02D2300/002—Concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/20—Miscellaneous comprising details of connection between elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction method of underwater concrete block structures installed on the sea or along rivers for various purposes such as berthing facilities for ports, etc., sofa structures installed on the coast, breakwaters, etc.
  • Underwater structures are installed in the water for various purposes, such as berthing facilities for ports, etc., structures for sofas installed on the shore, breakwaters, etc. Underwater structures are referred to as underwater structures above and below. In other words, the upper part of the underwater structure can protrude above the water surface or be located below the water surface.
  • the construction technique widely known in the construction of underwater structures is the large caisson construction method.
  • the large caisson construction method has the advantage of being able to withstand large waves, but it is possible to manufacture a large caisson with a very large structure on land and transport it to the installation point. Because it has to be installed in, transportation and construction costs are very high, and there are many restrictions.
  • a method of forming an underwater structure by stacking blocks in several stages depending on the depth of water is known.
  • the present inventor proposes Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1355805, "Underwater Concrete Block Structure Construction Method and Underwater Concrete Block Structure” (registered on January 15, 2014), and uses concrete pillars to provide the upper and lower concrete blocks.
  • the technology that the underwater concrete block structure can have sufficient structural stability even in the blue caused by large winds has been proposed.
  • the stability of underwater structures is generally determined by the weight and frictional force of the underwater structure (ie, the ground contact area of the underwater structure and the coefficient of friction between the underwater structure and the underlying ground).
  • This method of determining stability is based on the premise that the underwater structure is simply loaded on the ground.
  • the stability of the underwater structure is determined only by the weight and frictional force of the underwater structure.
  • the pipe body is inserted into the vertical column groove of the concrete block stacked body together with the concrete pack in order to conveniently insert the concrete pack, and is completely independent of the drilling work.
  • Korean Registered Patent No. -1650231 "Semi-permeable breakwater construction structure with wave power generator" (registered on Aug 16, 2016) is known.
  • this conventional technology it is entered by inserting a near-entry steel pipe into the guided steel pipe of the lower hooking. After pressing the steel pipe into the ground, excavating it to a predetermined depth from the inside of the ingress steel pipe using a bit, insert a reinforcing bar network inside the intrusion steel pipe, pour concrete, and form a cast-in-place pile integrated with the ingress steel pipe.
  • Various concrete blocks will be installed by using on-site piles.
  • the cast-in-place piles include the steel pipe and the reinforcing bar network inserted therein.
  • the near entry steel pipe While inserting the near entry steel pipe, the near entry steel pipe is pressed into the bottom of the sea, but since there is no structure that can guide the upper part of the near entry steel pipe, it becomes very difficult to press-fit the near entry steel pipe vertically.
  • a concrete block assembly is formed by a plurality of concrete blocks, and a ground perforation is formed in the lower part of the concrete column through hole of the concrete block assembly, and the concrete column along the concrete column through hole and the ground perforation Releasable, underwater concrete block 2020/175844 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002356
  • the present invention is a concrete block manufacturing step of manufacturing a plurality of concrete blocks in which vertical through holes extending in the vertical direction are formed;
  • the plurality of concrete blocks produced in the concrete block manufacturing step are installed on the upper part of the underwater ground to form a concrete block assembly in which the plurality of concrete blocks are continuously arranged in a horizontal direction, but the vertical penetration hole of the concrete block has a lower end.
  • a concrete block assembly forming step of forming a through hole for a concrete column that is blocked by the underwater ground and the upper end is opened; After the concrete block assembly forming step, the underwater ground located below the concrete column through hole is drilled to the concrete column.
  • the upper surface of the concrete block assembly is located higher than the water surface, and the ground drilling part formation step is to perform the drilling operation by dry operation by placing the drilling equipment on the upper surface of the concrete block assembly located higher than the water surface.
  • the forming of the concrete block assembly comprises forming a concrete block assembly in which the plurality of concrete blocks are continuously arranged in a horizontal direction and an up-down direction, and a plurality of concrete blocks arranged in a row in the vertical direction
  • the lower end may be blocked by the underwater ground, and the upper end may be formed to form a through hole for a concrete column.
  • the concrete column can be formed by inserting the vertical reinforcing reinforcement part in the lower part and the side part of the vertical reinforcing bar part with a waterproof film and inserting it into the through hole for the concrete column and the ground perforation part, and pouring uncured concrete inside the waterproofing film.
  • the underwater ground is drilled in the underwater ground to form the ground perforation, and a protective tube extending in the vertical direction is formed in the vertical direction through the concrete column through hole. Inserted into, the inserted protective tube is located across the through hole for the concrete column and the ground perforation, the ground perforation may be formed inside the inserted protective tube.
  • the upper and lower reinforcing bars are covered with a waterproof film on the lower and 2020/175844 1» (:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002356) Insert the protective tube into the protective tube, pour uncured concrete inside the waterproofing film, and the waterproofing film is applied to the underwater ground and the above with the pressure of the placed uncured concrete. In order to adhere to the concrete block, the protective tube may be removed before the uncured concrete is cured to form the concrete column.
  • the protective tube may be removed after the step of forming the ground perforation.
  • the underwater ground is for an underwater concrete block structure
  • It includes an artificially formed base ground, and a base ground formation step of forming the base ground before the concrete block aggregate formation step is included, and the base ground includes a base stony ground, a substituted stony ground, a deep mixed-processed ground,
  • It may be any one or a combination of soft ground modified ground.
  • An upper concrete portion forming step of forming a upper concrete portion may be added on the upper portion of the assembly.
  • the concrete block has an inner filling space formed therein, and after the concrete block assembly forming step, an inner filling step of filling the inner filling space into the inner filling space may be added.
  • the concrete lower plate prepared by being spaced downward from the upper plate, the upper end is inserted and coupled to the concrete upper plate, the lower end is inserted and coupled to the concrete lower plate, and the upper and lower middle portions are exposed to the outside between the concrete upper plate and the concrete lower plate, and vertically It may be made by including a vertical connection pipe in the form of a hollow pipe in which the vertical through hole is formed.
  • the present invention is a concrete block by means of a plurality of concrete blocks.
  • An aggregate is formed, and a ground perforation is formed at the lower portion of the concrete column through hole through the concrete column through hole of the concrete block assembly, and a concrete column is formed along the concrete column through hole and the ground perforation. It provides a new type of construction method that can greatly increase the stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a concrete block used in a method for constructing an underwater concrete block structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a state in which a concrete block assembly is formed on the upper part of the underwater ground by installing the concrete block of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram of Figure 2
  • FIG. 4 is a view of a state in which a ground perforation portion is formed after the concrete block assembly of FIG. 3 is formed;
  • Figures 5 to 8 show the formation of concrete columns after the formation of the ground perforation of Figure 4
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete block used in a method for constructing an underwater concrete block structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the concrete block of FIG. 9,
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which a concrete block assembly is formed on the upper part of the underwater ground by installing the concrete block of FIG. 9;
  • Fig. 12 is a view of a state in which a ground perforation is formed after the concrete block assembly of Fig. 11 is formed;
  • Figures 13 to 16 are diagrams sequentially showing the process of forming a concrete column after the formation of the ground perforation of Figure 12,
  • 17 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater concrete block structure constructed according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a separate section of a plurality of concrete blocks used in FIG. 17;
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater concrete block structure constructed according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a concrete block used in the method for constructing an underwater concrete block structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of the concrete block of FIG. 21,
  • FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater concrete block structure constructed according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a concrete block used in the method of constructing an underwater concrete block structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a state in which a concrete block assembly is formed on the upper part of the underwater ground by installing the concrete block of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional conceptual diagram of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a state in which a ground perforation portion is formed after the formation of the concrete block assembly of FIG. 3
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 are diagrams for forming a concrete column after the formation of the ground perforation portion of FIG. This is a drawing showing the process in order.
  • a concrete block 10 as shown in Fig. 1 is manufactured.
  • the shape of the concrete block 10 can be formed in various ways, it is preferable that at least two or more vertical penetration openings 11 extending in the vertical direction are formed.
  • the vertical through hole 11 extends in the vertical direction to the first diameter (1)1).
  • a space for filling may be formed in the concrete block 10, or a space for other purposes or a shape for another purpose may be formed.
  • the vertical through hole 11 may be a hole formed in the concrete block 10 as shown in FIG. 1, but as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, a hollow pipe is inserted into the concrete block to move the inside of the hollow pipe in the vertical direction. It can also be used as a through hole.
  • a plurality of concrete blocks 10 produced in the concrete block manufacturing stage are installed on the upper part of the underwater ground 20 as shown in FIG. 3, and the plurality of concrete blocks 10 are placed in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. Concrete block aggregate 00) arranged in succession is formed.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the installed state
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the installed state.
  • the through hole 11 forms a concrete column through hole 101 whose lower end is blocked by the underwater ground 20 and the upper end is opened.
  • each vertical through hole 11 of each concrete block 10 functions as a through hole 101 for a concrete column.
  • the underwater ground 20 of this embodiment is an underwater ground that is not artificially formed, that is,
  • the underwater ground 20 is an underwater concrete block 2020/175844 1»(:1/10 ⁇ 020/002356
  • the foundation ground formation step of forming the foundation ground before the concrete block assembly formation stage is further required.
  • the foundation ground is a foundation ground, a substituted sandy ground, a deep mixed ground,
  • It may be any one or a combination of soft ground modified ground.
  • the replacement method When the ground is soft and the necessary bearing power cannot be obtained, the replacement method, consolidation method, dewatering method, drainage method, vibration compaction method, compaction sand pile method, blasting method, chemical injection method, etc. It refers to the ground that has been improved according to the soft ground improvement method to improve the ground.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the concrete block assembly
  • the concrete block assembly 100 is a state in which a plurality of concrete blocks 10 are continuously arranged in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the submerged ground 20 located under the through hole 101 for concrete columns is drilled to make a space-recognized half-perforated part 102 connected to the through hole 101 for concrete columns. To form.
  • the water is located at the bottom of the concrete column through hole 101
  • the second diameter is 2).
  • the protective pipe 30 of the shape extending in the vertical direction is inserted into the underwater ground 20 in the vertical direction through the through hole 101 for concrete columns.
  • the protective pipe 30 of the form extending in the vertical direction to the second diameter ⁇ 2) is inserted into the submerged ground 20 in the vertical direction through the concrete column hole 101, and is located at the lower part of the concrete column hole 101. Drill the underwater ground (20).
  • the protective pipe 30 prevents collapse to the surrounding underwater ground 20 during or after the drilling work, or inflow of various foreign substances into the ground drilling part 102.
  • the protective tube 30 includes a vertical reinforcement portion 111 and a waterproof film 112 to be described later.
  • the length of the protective tube 30 is the length and the ground of the concrete column hole 101
  • the waterproofing film 112 can be inserted easily.
  • the upper end of the protective tube 30 is positioned higher than the water surface and is positioned higher than the upper surface of the concrete block assembly 100. Therefore, the operation of inserting the waterproof film 112 into the protective tube 30 can be made very easily.
  • the protective pipe 30 is in the form of a hollow pipe, and the second diameter 2) of the protective pipe 30 is smaller than the first diameter (1) 1) of the through hole 101 for concrete columns. This makes it convenient to insert the protective pipe 30. That is, when the protection tube 30 is inserted or when the protection tube 30 is removed, the protection tube 30 is prevented from being caught in the concrete column through hole 101.
  • the sheath 30 When the sheath 30 is inserted, the sheath 30 can be inserted while having a relatively precise vertical degree.
  • the protective tube 30 is preferably removed after the step of forming a ground perforation.
  • a drilling equipment is required for the operation of drilling the underwater ground 20, and in this embodiment, the upper surface of the concrete block assembly 100 is located higher than the water surface, so that the drilling equipment is the upper part of the concrete block assembly 100 If it is placed on the surface and drilling is performed, it becomes a dry operation (that is, the wet operation working at the barge becomes unnecessary), and working efficiency can be improved by working in the same environment as the land operation.
  • a concrete column 110 is formed along the perforations 102.
  • the concrete column formation step of the present embodiment is performed in stages as shown in Figs. 5 to 8.
  • the vertical reinforcing bar portion 111 formed in the vertical direction is inserted into the concrete column through hole 101 and the ground drilling portion 102.
  • the protection tube 30 is already formed with the concrete column hole 101 and the ground.
  • the vertical reinforcing bar portion (111) is inserted into the protection tube (30).
  • the lower end of the protective pipe 30 is a state in which the protective pipe 30 is raised to have the ground perforation part 102 just off, and the inside of the waterproof film 112 2020/175844 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002356 Uncured concrete (113) required for the perforated area (102) has been poured.
  • the waterproof film 112 located in the ground perforation 102 is in close contact with the underwater ground 20 by the pressure of the uncured concrete 113.
  • the protective pipe 30 is gradually raised and the protective pipe 30 is finally completely removed, while the uncured concrete for the entire concrete column hole 101 and the ground drilling part 102 ( 113) is completed.
  • the protective tube 30 can be removed before the poured uncured concrete 113 is cured.
  • the waterproof film 112 is in close contact with the underwater ground 20 and the concrete block 10 under the pressure of the uncured concrete 113, and then undergoes a curing process to become a concrete column (0).
  • the concrete column 110 is formed in the concrete block assembly 100 to form an underwater concrete block structure 200.
  • first concrete column portion (0) extending in the vertical direction with a first diameter and a second concrete column portion (110 ratio) that extends vertically with a second diameter while being located in the ground perforation portion (102).
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete block used in the construction method of an underwater concrete block structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the concrete block of FIG. 9
  • FIG. 11 is a concrete block of FIG.
  • Fig. 12 is a drawing of a state in which the ground perforation is formed after the concrete block assembly in Fig. 11 is formed
  • 16 is a diagram sequentially showing a process of forming a concrete column after the formation of the ground hole in FIG. 12.
  • the concrete block 10 is continuously arranged in a direction above and below.
  • the concrete block assembly 100 is in a state in which a plurality of concrete blocks 10 are continuously arranged in the horizontal direction.
  • the continuous arrangement structure of the plurality of concrete blocks 10 in the horizontal direction is a general technique, so a detailed description is omitted.
  • the concrete blocks 10 are in two or more stages in the vertical direction.
  • a plurality of concrete blocks 10 arranged in a vertical direction are joined together by a concrete column 0, so that the concrete block assembly 100 has structural integrity.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater concrete block structure constructed according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 18 is a view showing a separate cross section of a plurality of concrete blocks used in FIG. 17.
  • the underwater concrete block structure (200) was constructed on the upper part of the basic stony ground (22).
  • a space 12 for filling is formed inside the plurality of concrete blocks 10.
  • the space (12) for filling the concrete block (10) is a concrete block
  • filling material (120) sand, gravel or sandstone, etc.
  • the upper part of the concrete block assembly 100 is formed with a top concrete portion 130.
  • the step of forming the upper concrete portion may be further added.
  • 19 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater concrete block structure constructed according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ground (22) was composited.
  • the filling material 120 sand, gravel or sandstone, etc.
  • the upper part of the concrete block assembly 100 is formed with the upper part of the concrete block 130.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a concrete block used in the method of constructing an underwater concrete block structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the concrete block of FIG. 2020/175844 1»(:1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2020/002356
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of an underwater concrete block structure constructed according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the concrete block 10 of the present embodiment is composed of a concrete upper plate 13, a concrete lower plate 14, and a vertical connecting pipe 15.
  • Components may be added.
  • the vertical connection pipe (15) is inserted into and coupled to the upper end of the concrete upper plate (13), the lower end is inserted and coupled to the concrete lower plate (14), and between the upper and lower middle additional concrete upper plate (13) and the concrete lower plate (14) It is exposed to the outside.
  • the vertical connection pipe (15) is in the form of a hollow pipe in which the vertical through hole (11) is formed in the vertical direction.
  • an underwater concrete block structure 200 as shown in FIG. 22 is formed.
  • the concrete column 110 is formed along a through hole for a concrete column and a ground perforation formed in which the vertical through hole 11 of the vertical connection pipe 15 is vertically continuously formed.
  • a near-employed concrete block 24 is arranged on one side of the basic stony ground 22, and a near-employed concrete block 24 is also provided with a vertical penetration hole.
  • the near-employed concrete block 24 can be seen in a modified form of FIG. 9.
  • the foundation ground formation step was performed before the concrete block aggregate formation step.
  • seawater can flow freely through the outside of the vertical connection pipe 15, and a concrete column is formed through the inside of the vertical connection pipe 15, so that a plurality of concrete blocks are bound together.
  • the present invention can be used to construct underwater concrete block structures installed at sea or rivers for various purposes, such as berthing facilities for ports, etc., sofa structures installed on the shore, breakwaters, etc.

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Abstract

본 발명은, 복수의 콘크리트 블록에 의하여 콘크리트 블록 집합체를 형성하고, 상기 콘크리트 블록 집합체의 콘크리트 기둥용 통공부를 통하여 콘크리트 기둥용 통공부의 하부에 지반 천공부를 형성하고, 콘크리트 기둥용 통공부와 지반 천공부를 따라 콘크리트 기둥이 형성되도록 하여, 수중 콘크리트 블록 구조물의 안정성을 대폭 높일 수 있는 새로운 형태의 시공 방법에 관한 것이다.

Description

2020/175844 1»（：1/10公020/002356 명세서
발명의명칭:수중콘크리트블록구조물시공방법 기술분야
[1] 본발명은항만등을위한접안시설,해안에설치되는소파용구조물,방파제등 다양한목적으로해상또는강가에설치되는수중콘크리트블록구조물시공 방법에관한것이다.
배경기술
[2] 항만등을위한접안시설,해안에설치되는소파용구조물,방파제등다양한 목적으로수중에수중구조물이설치된다.상기및이하에서수중구조물이란, 수중구조물의하부가수중에잠긴상태로설치되는것을말하며,수중구조물의 상부는수면위로돌출되거나혹은수면아래에위치될수있다.
[3] 수중구조물의시공에서널리알려진시공기법은대형케이슨공법이다.대형 케이슨공법은대형파랑에도견딜수있다는장점이있지만,매우큰구조의 대형케이슨을육상에서제작하고이를설치지점으로운반한후수중에 설치해야하기때문에운반비및공사비가매우많이소요되며,여러가지제약 조건이많다.
[4] 이와같은대형케이슨공법의문제점을해결하기위하여소형콘크리트
블록을수심에따라여러단으로쌓아올려수중구조물을형성하는방법이 알려져 있다.
[5] 본발명자는대한민국특허등록제 10-1355805호 "수중콘크리트블록구조물 시공방법및수중콘크리트블록구조물’’（2014. 1. 15.등록）을제안하여, 콘크리트기둥에의하여상부의콘크리트블록과하부의콘크리트블록이 구조적일체성을가지도록하여대형태풍등으로인한파랑에도수중콘크리트 블록구조물이충분한구조적안정성을가질수있는기술을제시하였다.
[6] 한편대형케이슨공법과같은수중구조물의안정성은,수중구조물의중량과 마찰력（즉수중구조물의지반접족면적과,수중구조물과기초지반간의마찰 계수）에의하여결정하는것이일반적이다.
[7] 이러한안정성결정방법은,수중구조물이기초지반에단순적재되어있다는 것을전제로한것이다.
[8] 따라서수중구조물이복수의콘크리트블록으로일체화된구조인경우에도그 수중구조물의안정성은,수중구조물의중량과마찰력에의해서만결정된다.
[9] 이와같은문제로인하여수중구조물이복수의콘크리트블록으로일체화되는 구조임에도여전히대형케이슨과동일한크기로수중구조물이건설되어야 한다는문제가있다.
[1이 한편본발명자는대한민국공개특허제 10-2019-0010203호 "콘크리트팩
삽입장치및이를이용한콘크리트블록구조물시공방법과이를통해시공된 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
2 콘크리트블록구조물”（2019. 1. 30.공개）을제안하였으며,이종래기술은, 방수막에상하방향으로연장되는형태의철근부및콘크리트를삽입하여 밀봉한콘크리트팩을준비하고,상하방향으로연장되는중공관형태의관체 내부에상기콘크리트팩을수용한상태로상기관체를콘크리트블록적층체의 상하방향기둥홈에삽입한후상기콘크리트팩을남겨두면서상기관체를상기 상하방향기둥홈으로부터이탈시킴으로써상기콘크리트팩이상기상하방향 기둥홈에삽입되도록하고있다.
[11] 여기에서관체는콘크리트팩을편리하게삽입하기위하여콘크리트팩과함께 콘크리트블록적층체의상하방향기둥홈에삽입되는것으로서，천공작업과는 전혀무관하다.
[12] 한편대한민국등록특허제 -1650231호 "파력발전기를갖춘반투과성방파제 축조구조물”（2016. 8. 16.등록）이알려져 있으며,이종래기술에서는, 하부후팅의유도강관내에근입강관을집어넣으면서근입강관을지반에압입한 후, 비트를이용하여근입강관내부에서소정의깊이까지굴착한후, 근입강관내부에철근망을집어넣고콘크리트타설하여근입강관과일체화된 현장타설말뚝을형성한후,복수의현장타설말뚝을이용하여각종콘크리트 블록을설치하게된다.
[13] 여기에서현장타설말뚝은,근입강관과그내부에삽입된철근망및
콘크리트로이루어지는구조이므로,현장타설말뚝용근입강관은제거가 불가능하다.즉이종래기술은근입강관을재사용할수없게되어공사비등이 매우증가한다는문제가있다.
[14] 또한이종래기술은현장타설말뚝에각종콘크리트블록을설치하나,
현장타설말뚝과콘크리트블록이완전히일체화되지못하고단순조립되는 구조이므로,시간의경과에따라구조적인취약성을가지게된다.
[15] 또한이종래기술은해저지반에미리설치된하부후팅의유도강관내에
근입강관을집어넣으면서근입강관을해저지반에압입하게되나,근입강관의 상부를안내할수있는구조물이전혀없으므로,근입강관을수직으로압입하는 것이대단히어렵게된다.
[16] 또한근입강관의수직도가정밀하지않을경우이를이용하여콘크리트블록을 설치하는작업이어려워지게된다.
발명의상세한설명
기술적과제
[17] 본발명은상기와같은종래기술의문제점을해결하기위하여안출된
것으로서,복수의콘크리트블록에의하여콘크리트블록집합체를형성하고, 상기콘크리트블록집합체의콘크리트기둥용통공부를통하여콘크리트 기둥용통공부의하부에지반천공부를형성하고,콘크리트기둥용통공부와 지반천공부를따라콘크리트기둥이형성되도록하여,수중콘크리트블록 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356 구조물의 안정성을대폭높일수있는새로운형태의시공방법을제안하고자 한다.
과제해결수단
[18] 상기의과제를해결하기위하여본발명은,상하방향으로연장되는상하방향 관통구가형성되는복수의콘크리트블록을제작하는콘크리트블록제작단계 ; 상기콘크리트블록제작단계에서 제작된복수의콘크리트블록을수중지반의 상부에 설치하여상기복수의콘크리트블록이수평방향으로연속하여 배치된 콘크리트블록집합체를형성하되,상기콘크리트블록의상하방향관통구는 하단부가상기수중지반에의하여 막히며상단부가개방된콘크리트기둥용 통공부를형성하는콘크리트블록집합체 형성단계 ;상기콘크리트블록 집합체 형성단계 이후,상기콘크리트기둥용통공부의하부에위치한수중 지반을천공하여상기콘크리트기둥용통공부와연속되는공간인지반 천공부를형성하는지반천공부형성 단계 ;상기지반천공부형성 단계 이후, 상기콘크리트기둥용통공부와상기지반천공부를따라콘크리트기둥을 형성하는콘크리트기둥형성단계 ;를포함하여 이루어지며 ,상기콘크리트 블록집합체의상부표면은수면보다높게위치되며 ,상기지반천공부형성 단계는,천공장비가수면보다높게위치한상기콘크리트블록집합체의상부 표면에 배치되어건식 작업으로천공작업을수행하는것을특징으로한다.
[19] 상기에 있어서 ,상기콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계는,상기복수의콘크리트 블록이수평방향및상하방향으로연속하여 배치된콘크리트블록집합체를 형성하되,상기상하방향으로연속하여 배치된복수의콘크리트블록의 상하방향관통구가상하방향으로연속되면서하단부가상기수중지반에 의하여 막히며상단부가개방된콘크리트기둥용통공부가형성되는것일수 있다.
[2이 상기에 있어서 ,상기콘크리트기둥형성단계는,상하방향으로형성된
상하방향철근부를상기상하방향철근부의하부및측부를방수막으로감싼 상태로상기콘크리트기둥용통공부및상기지반천공부에삽입하고상기 방수막의 내부에미경화콘크리트를타설하여상기콘크리트기둥을형성할수 있다.
[21] 상기에 있어서 ,상기지반천공부형성단계는,상기지반천공부를형성하기 위하여상기수중지반을천공하면서상하방향으로연장되는형태의보호관을 상기콘크리트기둥용통공부를통하여수직방향으로상기수중지반에 삽입하며,상기삽입된보호관은상기콘크리트기둥용통공부및상기지반 천공부에 걸쳐위치되며,상기삽입된보호관의 내부에상기지반천공부가 형성될수있다.
[22] 상기에 있어서 ,상기콘크리트기둥형성단계는,상하방향으로형성된
상하방향철근부를상기상하방향철근부의하부및측부를방수막으로감싼 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356 상태로상기보호관에삽입하고,상기방수막의 내부에미경화콘크리트를 타설하고,상기 방수막이상기 타설된미경화콘크리트의 압력으로상기수중 지반및상기콘크리트블록에 밀착되기위하여상기미경화콘크리트가 양생되기 전에상기보호관을제거하여상기콘크리트기둥을형성할수있다.
[23] 상기에 있어서 ,상기보호관은상기지반천공부형성단계 이후제거될수 있다.
[24] 상기에 있어서,상기수중지반은수중콘크리트블록구조물을위하여
인공적으로조성된기초지반을포함하며,상기콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계 이전에상기기초지반을조성하는기초지반조성단계가포함되며 ,상기기초 지반은,기초사석지반,치환사석지반,심층혼합처리지반,
연약지반개량처리된지반중어느하나또는이들을복합한것일수있다.
[25] 상기에 있어서 ,상기콘크리트기둥형성단계 이후,상기콘크리트블록
집합체의상부에상치콘크리트부를형성하는상치콘크리트부형성단계가 부가될수있다.
[26] 상기에 있어서 ,상기콘크리트블록은내부에속채움용공간이 형성되며 ,상기 콘크리트블록집합체 형성단계 이후상기속채움용공간에속채움재를채우는 속채움단계가부가될수있다.
[27] 상기에 있어서 ,상기콘크리트블록은,콘크리트상판과,상기콘크리트
상판으로부터하방으로이격하여마련되는콘크리트하판과,상단부가상기 콘크리트상판에삽입 결합되고하단부가상기콘크리트하판에삽입 결합되고 상하방향중간부가상기콘크리트상판과상기콘크리트하판의사이에서 외부로노출되며상하방향으로상기상하방향관통구가형성되는중공관 형태의수직 연결관을포함하여 이루어질수있다.
발명의효과
[28] 상기와같이본발명은,복수의콘크리트블록에 의하여콘크리트블록
집합체를형성하고,상기콘크리트블록집합체의콘크리트기둥용통공부를 통하여콘크리트기둥용통공부의하부에지반천공부를형성하고,콘크리트 기둥용통공부와지반천공부를따라콘크리트기둥이 형성되도록하여,수중 콘크리트블록구조물의 안정성을대폭높일수있는새로운형태의시공방법을 제공한다.
[29] 이에의하여콘크리트블록집합체를이루는복수의콘크리트블록이콘크리트 기둥에 의하여수중지반에결속된상태가되어수중콘크리트블록구조물의 안정성이 대폭향상된다.
[3이 또한이와같이 안정성이 향상된결과,기존의 대형 케이슨공법등과비교할때 수중콘크리트블록구조물을획기적으로소형화시키는것이 가능하게된다.
[31] 이는수중콘크리트블록구조물의중량및수중콘크리트블록구조물의수중 지반에 대한마찰력을감소시키는경우에도콘크리트기둥에 의한수중 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
5 지반에의 결속력이 이를보완하여충분한안정성을가질수있기 때문이다. 도면의간단한설명
[32] 도 1은본발명의 제 1실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공방법에 사용되는콘크리트블록의사시도,
[33] 도 2는도 1의콘크리트블록을설치하여수중지반의상부에콘크리트블록 집합체를형성한상태의 평면개념도,
[34] 도 3은도 2의 단면개념도,
[35] 도 4는도 3의콘크리트블록집합체형성 이후지반천공부를형성한상태의 도면,
[36] 도 5내지도 8은도 4의지반천공부형성 이후콘크리트기둥을형성하는
과정을순서대로도시한도면,
[37] 도 9는본발명의 제 2실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공방법에 사용되는콘크리트블록의 단면도,
[38] 도 10은도 9의콘크리트블록의사시도,
[39] 도 11은도 9의콘크리트블록을설치하여수중지반의상부에콘크리트블록 집합체를형성한상태의도면,
[4이 도 12는도 11의콘크리트블록집합체형성 이후지반천공부를형성한상태의 도면,
[41] 도 13내지도 16은도 12의지반천공부형성 이후콘크리트기둥을형성하는 과정을순서대로도시한도면,
[42] 도 17은본발명의 제 3실시예에의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물의 단면도,
[43] 도 18은도 17에 이용된복수의콘크리트블록의단면을분리하여도시한도면,
[44] 도 19는본발명의 제 4실시예에의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물의 단면도,
[45] 도 20은본발명의 제 5실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공방법에 사용되는콘크리트블록의사시도,
[46] 도 21은도 21의콘크리트블록의 단면도,
[47] 도 22는본발명의 제 5실시예에의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물의 단면도.
발명의실시를위한최선의형태
[48] 아래에서는첨부한도면을참조하여본발명이속하는기술분야에서통상의 지식을가진자가용이하게실시할수있도록본발명의실시예를상세히 설명한다.그러나본발명은여러가지상이한형태로구현될수있으며 여기에서 설명하는실시예에 한정되지 않는다.그리고도면에서본발명을 명확하게설명하기위해서 설명과관계없는부분은생략하였으며,명세서 전체를통하여유사한부분에 대해서는유사한도면부호를부여하였다. 2020/175844 1»（：1/10公020/002356
6 명세서 전체에서,어떤부분이 어떤구성요소를 "포함”한다고할때,이는 특별히 반대되는기재가없는한다른구성요소를제외하는것이 아니라다른 구성요소를더포함할수있는것을의미한다.
50] 먼저본발명에의한제 1실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공 방법을설명한다.
도 1은본발명의 제 1실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공방법에 사용되는콘크리트블록의사시도이며,도 2는도 1의콘크리트블록을설치하여 수중지반의상부에콘크리트블록집합체를형성한상태의평면개념도이며,도 3은도 2의 단면개념도이며,도 4는도 3의콘크리트블록집합체 형성 이후지반 천공부를형성한상태의도면이며,도 5내지도 8은도 4의지반천공부형성 이후콘크리트기둥을형성하는과정을순서대로도시한도면이다.
52] (1)콘크리트블록제작단계
53] 도 1과같은콘크리트블록 (10)을제작한다.
54] 콘크리트블록 (10)의 형태는다양하게형성될수있지만,적어도상하방향으로 연장되는상하방향관통구 (11)가둘이상형성되는것이바람직하다.
상하방향관통구 (11)는제 1직경 (1)1)으로상하방향으로연장된다. 실시예에따라서콘크리트블록 (10)에는속채움용공간이 형성되거나기타 다른용도의공간이나다른용도의 형상이 형성될수있다.
[57] 상하방향관통구 (11)는,도 1과같이콘크리트블록 (10)에 형성된구멍일수도 있지만,도 20및도 21과같이중공관을콘크리트블록에삽입하여중공관의 내부를상하방향관통구로이용할수도있다.
도 1등의콘크리트블록 (10)에서는,이해의 편의를위하여,상하방향 관통구 (11)의크기를매우과장되게도시하고있다.
[59] (2)콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계
56
[55566 560349] 콘크리트블록제작단계에서 제작된복수의콘크리트블록 (10)을도 3과같이 수중지반 (20)의상부에설치하여,도 2와같이복수의콘크리트블록 (10)이 수평방향으로연속하여 배치된콘크리트블록집합체 00)를형성한다.
도 2는설치된상태의 평면도이며,도 2는설치된상태의 단면도이다.
62] 콘크리트블록집합체 (100)를이루는콘크리트블록 (10)의상하방향
관통구 (11)는,하단부가수중지반 (20)에의하여 막히며상단부가개방된 콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)를형성한다.
즉본실시예에서콘크리트블록은대형으로제작되어상하방향으로는오직 1단으로만설치되며,각콘크리트블록 (10)의 각상하방향관통구 (11)가 콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)로기능한다.
[64] 따라서콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)는제 1직경 (1)1)으로상하방향으로
연장되는형태이다.
[65] 본실시예의수중지반 (20)은인위적으로조성되지 않은수중지반,즉
해저면에 해당하지만,실시예에따라서수중지반 (20)은수중콘크리트블록 2020/175844 1»（：1/10公020/002356
7 구조물을위하여 인공적으로조성한기초지반을포함하는개념이다.
수중지반 (20)의상부에 기초지반이조성되고그이후콘크리트블록 집합체 (100)를형성한다면,콘크리트블록집합체 형성단계 이전에기초지반을 조성하는기초지반조성단계가더필요하다.
[67] 기초지반은,기초사석지반,치환사석지반,심층혼합처리지반,
연약지반개량처리된지반중어느하나또는이들을복합한것일수있다.
[68] 연약지반개량처리된지반이란,지반이 연약하여필요한지지력을얻을수없을 때치환공법,압밀공법,탈수공법,배수공법,진동다짐공법,다짐모래말뚝공법, 폭파공법 ,약액주입공법등에따라지반을개량하는연약지반개량공법에따라 개량처리된지반을말한다.
도 3에서는콘크리트블록집합체의단면도를도시하고있지만,콘크리트블록 집합체 (100)는도 2와같이수평방향으로도복수의콘크리트블록 (10)이 연속적으로배치되어 있는상태이다.
[70] (3)지반천공부형성단계
콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계 이후,도 4와같이콘크리트기둥용 통공부 (101)의하부에 위치한수중지반 (20)을천공하여콘크리트기둥용 통공부 (101)와연속되는공간인지반천공부 (102)를형성한다.
[72] 본실시예에서는,콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)의하부에 위치한수중
지반 (20)을천공하여지반천공부 (102)를형성할때제 2직경必2)으로
상하방향으로연장되는형태의보호관 (30)을콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)를 통하여수직방향으로수중지반 (20)에삽입한다.
제 2직경必2)으로상하방향으로연장되는형태의보호관 (30)을콘크리트 기둥용통공부 (101)를통하여수직 방향으로수중지반 (20)에삽입하면서 콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)의하부에 위치한수중지반 (20)을천공한다.
[ 7 77 6 69746 7 7 3 511] 이와같이지반천공부 (102)를형성하면,삽입된보호관 (30)은콘크리트기둥용 통공부 (101)및지반천공부 (102)에 걸쳐위치되며,보호관 (30)의내부에지반 천공부 (102)가형성된다.
이때보호관 (30)은천공작업도중혹은천공후에주변의수중지반 (20)이지반 천공부 (102)로붕괴되거나혹은각종이물질이지반천공부 (102)로유입되는 것을방지한다.
[76] 또한보호관 (30)은,후술하는상하방향철근부 (111)및방수막 (112)을
보호관 (30)에삽입할때방수막 (112)을보호하는역할을한다.
보호관 (30)의 길이는콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)의 길이와지반
천공부 (102)의길이의 합보다길게 형성되는것이 바람직하다.이에의하여 방수막 (112)삽입 작업을간편하게진행할수있다.
[78] 즉도 4에도시된바와같이콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의상부표면은
수면보다높게위치되며,지반천공부형성 단계에서삽입된보호관 (30)의 상단은콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의상부표면으로부터돌출되어 있다.즉 2020/175844 1»（：1/10公020/002356
8 보호관 (30)의상단은수면보다높게위치되며또한콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의 상부표면보다높게위치된다.따라서보호관 (30)으로방수막 (112)등을 삽입하는작업이 매우간편하게 이루어질수있다.
또한보호관 (30)은중공관형태로서,보호관 (30)의제 2직경 2)는콘크리트 기둥용통공부 (101)의 제 1직경 (1)1)보다작다.이에 의하여보호관 (30)의삽입 작업이 편리하게된다.즉,보호관 (30)의삽입시또는보호관 (30)의 제거시, 보호관 (30)이콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)에 끼이는것을방지한다.
80] 또한보호관 (30)의삽입시콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)를참조하여
보호관 (30)을삽입하면,보호관 (30)은비교적정밀한수직도를가지면서삽입될 수있다.
한편보호관 (30)은지반천공부형성 단계 이후제거되는것이 바람직하다. 한편수중지반 (20)을천공하는작업을위하여는천공장비가필요하며,본 실시예는콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의상부표면은수면보다높게위치하므로, 천공장비가콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의상부표면에 배치되어 천공작업을 수행한다면이는건식 작업이되어 (즉바지선에서작업하는습식작업이 불필요하게됨.),육상작업과동일한환경에서작업하여 작업효율을높일수 있다.
[83] (4)콘크리트기둥형성단계
[84] 지반천공부형성단계 이후,콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)와지반
천공부 (102)를따라콘크리트기둥 (110)을형성한다.
본실시예의콘크리트기둥형성단계는도 5내지도 8과같이 단계적으로 이루어진다.
먼저도 5및도 6과같이,상하방향으로형성된상하방향철근부 (111)를 콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)및지반천공부 (102)에삽입한다.
27 56 1
7 9 988888902111 본실시예에서는이미보호관 (30)이콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)및지반
천공부 (102)에위치되어 있으므로,상하방향철근부 (111)를보호관 (30)내부에 삽입한다.
88] 이때상하방향철근부 (111)의하부및측부를방수막 (112)으로감싼상태로 콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)및지반천공부 (102)에삽입한다.
89] 한편보호관 (30)을통하여 방수막 (112)등이삽입되므로,방수막 (112)이수중 지반 (20)등에 접촉하면서찢기거나훼손될위험이 없다.
이와같이 방수막 (112)으로감싸인상하방향철근부 (111)가보호관 (30)내부에 삽입된후,도 7및도 8과같이 방수막 (112)의 내부에콘크리트 (113)를타설하여 콘크리트기둥 (110)을형성한다.
[9 도 7은방수막 (112)의 내부에미경화콘크리트 (113)(& 811 (；0110' 6)소량을
타설하면서보호관 (30)을조금상승시킨상태의도면이다.
즉도 7에서보호관 (30)의하단은지반천공부 (102)를막벗어난상태를 가지도록보호관 (30)을상승시킨상태이며,방수막 (112)의 내부에는지반 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356 천공부 (102)영역에 필요한미경화콘크리트 (113)가타설된상태이다.
[93] 이에의하여지반천공부 (102)에위치한방수막 (112)은미경화콘크리트 (113)의 압력에 의하여수중지반 (20)에 밀착된다.
[94] 이와같은방식으로,방수막 (112)의 내부에미경화콘크리트 (113)를
점차적으로타설함과함께보호관 (30)을점차적으로상승시켜 ,최종적으로도 8과같이보호관 (30)을완전히 제거하는한편콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)와 지반천공부 (102)전체에미경화콘크리트 (113)를타설하는작업을완료한다.
[95] 즉보호관 (30)은,타설된미경화콘크리트 (113)가경화되기 전에제거될수 있다.
[96] 이와같이 미경화콘크리트 (113)가방수막 (112)의 내부에타설되면
방수막 (112)은미경화콘크리트 (113)의 압력으로수중지반 (20)및콘크리트 블록 (10)에밀착되며,이후양생과정을거쳐콘크리트기둥 ( 0)이된다.
[97] 만일방수막 (112)의내부에 미경화콘크리트 (113)를한꺼번에타설하고이후 보호관 (30)을상승시켜보호관 (30)을제거할수도있지만,이 경우방수막 (112)이 미경화콘크리트 (113)의 압력으로보호관 (30)내부에강하게밀착되어 보호관 (30)을방수막 (112)으로부터분리하는것이 어려울수있다.
[98] 이와같이콘크리트블록집합체 (100)에콘크리트기둥 (110)이 형성되어수중 콘크리트블록구조물 (200)이 형성된다.
[99] 즉콘크리트기둥 (110)은,콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)에 위치하면서
제 1직경으로상하방향으로연장되는제 1콘크리트기둥부 ( 0 와,지반 천공부 (102)에위치하면서 제 2직경으로상하방향으로연장되는제 2콘크리트 기둥부 (110비를포함하여 이루어진다.
[100] 수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)에서콘크리트기둥 (110)의 역할을설명한다.
[101] 또한콘크리트블록집합체 (100)를이루는복수의콘크리트블록 (10)이
콘크리트기둥 ( 0)에 의하여수중지반 (20)에결속된상태가된다.
[102] 따라서본실시예의수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)의 안정성을평가하기 위하여는,수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)의중량과,수중콘크리트블록 구조물 (200)의수중지반 (20)에 대한마찰력 이외에도,콘크리트기둥 (110)에 의한수중지반 (20)에의결속력을함께고려하여야한다.
[103] 즉수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)은콘크리트기둥 (110)에 의한수중
지반 (20)에의결속력으로인하여 안정성이 획기적으로향상된다.
[104] 이와같이 안정성이 향상되는결과,기존의 대형 케이슨과동일한안정성을 가지는것으로충분한경우에는수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)을획기적으로 소형화시키는것이가능하다.
[105] 즉수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)의중량과,수중콘크리트블록
구조물 (200)의수중지반 (20)에 대한마찰력을감소시키는경우에도콘크리트 기둥 ( 0)에의한수중지반 (20)에의 결속력이 이를보완하여충분한안정성을 가질수있다. 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
10
[106] 이하본발명에의한제 2실시예를설명한다.
[107] 도 9는본발명의 제 2실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공방법에 사용되는콘크리트블록의 단면도이며 ,도 10은도 9의콘크리트블록의 사시도이며,도 11은도 9의콘크리트블록을설치하여수중지반의상부에 콘크리트블록집합체를형성한상태의도면이며,도 12는도 11의콘크리트 블록집합체형성 이후지반천공부를형성한상태의도면이며,도 13내지도
16은도 12의지반천공부형성 이후콘크리트기둥을형성하는과정을순서대로 도시한도면이다.
[108] 이하에서는제 1실시예와의차이점만을주로설명하며,제 1실시예와동일한 부분은설명을생략한다.
[109] (1)콘크리트블록제작단계
[110] 본실시예의 경우도 9및도 과같은비교적 작은크기의콘크리트
블록 (10)을제작한다.
[111] (2)콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계
[112] 콘크리트블록제작단계에서 제작된복수의콘크리트블록 (10)을수중
지반 (20)의상부에 설치하여도 11과같이복수의콘크리트블록 (10)이수평방향 및상하방향으로연속하여 배치된콘크리트블록집합체 (100)를형성한다.
[113] 도 11에서는콘크리트블록 (10)이상하방향으로연속하여 배치된상태를
확인할수있지만,콘크리트블록집합체 (100)는수평방향으로도복수의 콘크리트블록 (10)이 연속적으로배치되어 있는상태이다.이와같은
수평방향으로의복수의콘크리트블록 (10)의 연속적인배치구조는일반적인 기술이므로상세한설명을생략한다.
[114] 콘크리트블록집합체 (100)에는,상하방향으로연속하여 배치된복수의
콘크리트블록 (10)의상하방향관통구 (11)가상하방향으로연속되면서하단부가 수중지반 (20)에 의하여 막히며상단부가개방된콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)가 형성된다.
[115] 즉본실시예에서콘크리트블록 (10)들은상하방향으로는 2단이상으로
설치되며,상하방향으로적층된복수의콘크리트블록 (10)의상하방향 관통구 (11)가조합되어하나의콘크리트기둥용통공부 (101)가형성된다.
[116] 이후 (3)지반천공부형성 단계, (4)콘크리트기둥형성 단계가순차적으로 실시된다.
[117] 본실시예에의수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)에서콘크리트기둥 (110)의 역할을설명한다.
[118] 본실시예는제 1실시예와대비할때,복수의콘크리트블록 (10)이콘크리트 기둥 ( 0)에의하여수중지반 (20)에 결속된상태가될뿐만아니라,
상하방향으로연속하여 배치된복수의콘크리트블록 (10)이콘크리트 기둥 ( 0)에의하여서로결속되면서,콘크리트블록집합체 (100)가구조적 일체성을가지게된다. 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
11
[119] 이하본발명의제 3실시예에 의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물을
설명한다.
[120] 도 17은본발명의 제 3실시예에의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물의 단면도이며,도 18은도 17에 이용된복수의콘크리트블록의 단면을분리하여 도시한도면이다.
[121] 도 17에서는수중지반 (20)의 일부가굴착된후기초지반으로서치환사석
지반 (21)이조성되고치환사석지반 (21)의상부에 기초사석지반 (22)이조성된 후,기초사석지반 (22)의상부에수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)이시공되었다.
[122] 즉콘크리트블록집합체 형성단계 이전에기초지반조성 단계가실행되었다.
[123] 또한도 17에서는콘크리트블록집합체 (100)및콘크리트기둥 (110)이 형성된 후속채움단계 및상치콘크리트부형성 단계가더부가되었다.
[124] 즉도 18에서확인되는바와같이복수의콘크리트블록 (10)의 내부에속채움용 공간 (12)이 형성되어 있다.
[125] 이와같은콘크리트블록 (10)의속채움용공간 (12)은,콘크리트블록
집합체 (100)를형성한후,속채움재 (120)(모래,자갈또는사석등)를채운다.
[126] 또한콘크리트기둥 (110)이 형성된후,콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의상부에 상치콘크리트부 (130)를형성한다.
[127] 즉콘크리트기둥형성 단계 이후,상치콘크리트부형성 단계가더부가될수 있다.
[128] 이하본발명의제 4실시예에 의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물을
설명한다.
[129] 도 19는본발명의 제 3실시예에의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물의 단면도이다.
[130] 도 19에서는수중지반 (20)의 일부를심층혼합처리지반 (23)으로개량한후, 심층혼합처리지반 (23)의상부에기초사석지반 (22)이조성된후,기초사석 지반 (22)의상부에수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)이시공되었다.
[131] 즉본실시예에서는기초지반으로서 ,심층혼합처리지반 (23)과기초사석
지반 (22)을복합조성하였다.
[132] 즉콘크리트블록집합체 형성단계 이전에기초지반조성 단계가실행되었다.
[133] 또한도 19에서는콘크리트블록집합체 (100)및콘크리트기둥 (110)이 형성된 후속채움단계 및상치콘크리트부형성 단계가더부가되었다.
[134] 즉,콘크리트블록집합체 (100)를형성한후,속채움재 (120)(모래,자갈또는 사석등)를채우며,콘크리트블록집합체 (100)의상부에상치콘크리트부 (130)를 형성한다.
[135] 이하본발명의제 5실시예에 의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록구조물을
설명한다.
[136] 도 20은본발명의 제 5실시예에의한수중콘크리트블록구조물의시공방법에 사용되는콘크리트블록의사시도이며,도 21은도 21의콘크리트블록의 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
12 단면도이며,도 22는본발명의제 5실시예에 의하여시공된수중콘크리트블록 구조물의 단면도이다.
[137] 본실시예의콘크리트블록 (10)은,도 20및도 21에도시된바와같이,콘크리트 상판 (13)과콘크리트하판 (14)과수직 연결관 (15)으로이루어진다.
[138] 콘크리트상판 (13)과콘크리트하판 (14)은상하방향으로서로이격되어
배치되어그사이로해수가유동할수있다.
[139] 실시예에따라서콘크리트상판 (13)과콘크리트하판 (14)사이에다른
구성요소가부가될수도있다.
[140] 수직 연결관 (15)은,상단부가콘크리트상판 (13)에삽입 결합되고하단부가 콘크리트하판 (14)에삽입결합되고상하방향중간부가콘크리트상판 (13)과 콘크리트하판 (14)의사이에서외부로노출된다.
[141] 아울러수직 연결관 (15)은,상하방향으로상하방향관통구 (11)가형성되는 중공관형태이다.
[142] 이와같은콘크리트블록 (10)을이용하여도 22와같은수중콘크리트블록 구조물 (200)을형성한다.
[143] 도 22에서콘크리트기둥 (110)은,수직 연결관 (15)의상하방향관통구 (11)가 상하로연속하여 형성된콘크리트기둥용통공부및지반천공부를따라 형성된다.
[144] 도 22에서는수중지반 (20)의상부에 기초사석지반 (22)을미리조성한후, 기초사석지반 (22)의상부에수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)이시공되었다.
[145] 아울러기초사석지반 (22)의 일측에는근고용콘크리트블록 (24)이 배치되며, 근고용콘크리트블록 (24)또한상하방향관통구가형성되어 있다.
[146] 근고용콘크리트블록 (24)은도 9의 변형된형태로볼수있다.
[147] 상기와같이콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계 이전에 기초지반조성단계가 실행되었다.
[148] 이와같은본실시예의수중콘크리트블록구조물 (200)은내부로해수가
자유롭게유동할수있는환경을조성한다.
[149] 즉수직 연결관 (15)의 외부를통하여 해수가자유롭게유동할수있으며,수직 연결관 (15)의내부를통하여콘크리트기둥이 형성되어복수의콘크리트블록이 서로결속된다.
[15이 본실시예를통하여콘크리트블록의 형태는매우다양하게 변형될수있다는 것을알수있다.
[151] 전술한본발명의설명은예시를위한것이며,본발명이속하는기술분야의 통상의지식을가진자는본발명의기술적사상이나필수적인특징을변경하지 않고서다른구체적인형태로쉽게 변형이가능하다는것을이해할수있을 것이다.그러므로이상에서기술한실시예들은모든면에서 예시적인것일뿐 한정적이 아닌것으로이해되어야만한다.예를들어,단일형으로설명되어 있는 각구성요소는분산되어실시될수도있으며,마찬가지로분산된것으로 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
13 설명되어 있는구성요소들도결합된형태로실시될수있다.
[152] 본발명의 범위는상기상세한설명보다는후술하는특허청구범위에 의하여 나타내어지며,특허청구범위의 의미 및범위그리고그균등개념으로부터 도출되는모든변경또는변형된형태가본발명의범위에포함되는것으로 해석되어야한다.
산업상이용가능성
[153] 본발명은항만등을위한접안시설,해안에 설치되는소파용구조물,방파제등 다양한목적으로해상또는강가에 설치되는수중콘크리트블록구조물을 시공하기 위하여 이용될수있다.

Claims

2020/175844 1»（：1/10公020/002356 14 청구범위
[청구항 1] 상하방향으로연장되는상하방향관통구가형성되는복수의콘크리트 블록을제작하는콘크리트블록제작단계 ;
상기콘크리트블록제작단계에서제작된복수의콘크리트블록을수중 지반의상부에설치하여상기복수의콘크리트블록이수평방향으로 연속하여배치된콘크리트블록집합체를형성하되,상기콘크리트 블록의상하방향관통구는하단부가상기수중지반에의하여막히며 상단부가개방된콘크리트기둥용통공부를형성하는콘크리트블록 집합체형성단계 ;
상기콘크리트블록집합체형성단계이후,상기콘크리트기둥용 통공부의하부에위치한수중지반을천공하여상기콘크리트기둥용 통공부와연속되는공간인지반천공부를형성하는지반천공부형성 단계 ;
상기지반천공부형성단계이후,상기콘크리트기둥용통공부와상기 지반천공부를따라콘크리트기둥을형성하는콘크리트기둥형성단계 ; 를포함하여이루어지며,
상기콘크리트블록집합체의상부표면은수면보다높게위치되며, 상기지반천공부형성단계는,천공장비가수면보다높게위치한상기 콘크리트블록집합체의상부표면에배치되어건식작업으로천공 작업을수행하는것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물 시공방법.
[청구항 2] 제 1항에 있어서,
상기콘크리트블록집합체형성단계는,상기복수의콘크리트블록이 수평방향및상하방향으로연속하여배치된콘크리트블록집합체를 형성하되,상기상하방향으로연속하여배치된복수의콘크리트블록의 상하방향관통구가상하방향으로연속되면서하단부가상기수중지반에 의하여막히며상단부가개방된콘크리트기둥용통공부가형성되는 것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물시공방법 .
[청구항 3] 제 1항또는제 2항에 있어서,
상기콘크리트기둥형성단계는,상하방향으로형성된상하방향 철근부를상기상하방향철근부의하부및측부를방수막으로감싼 상태로상기콘크리트기둥용통공부및상기지반천공부에삽입하고 상기방수막의내부에미경화콘크리트를타설하여상기콘크리트 기둥을형성하는것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물 시공방법.
[청구항 4] 제 1항또는제 2항에 있어서,
상기지반천공부형성단계는,상기지반천공부를형성하기위하여상기 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
15 수중지반을천공하면서상하방향으로연장되는형태의보호관을상기 콘크리트기둥용통공부를통하여수직 방향으로상기수중지반에 삽입하며,상기삽입된보호관은상기콘크리트기둥용통공부및상기 지반천공부에걸쳐 위치되며,상기삽입된보호관의내부에상기지반 천공부가형성되는것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물 시공방법.
[청구항 5] 제 4항에 있어서,
상기콘크리트기둥형성단계는,상하방향으로형성된상하방향 철근부를상기상하방향철근부의하부및측부를방수막으로감싼 상태로상기보호관에삽입하고,상기방수막의 내부에미경화 콘크리트를타설하고,상기방수막이상기타설된미경화콘크리트의 압력으로상기수중지반및상기콘크리트블록에밀착되기 위하여상기 미경화콘크리트가양생되기 전에상기보호관을제거하여상기 콘크리트기둥을형성하는것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록 구조물시공방법 .
[청구항 6] 제 4항에 있어서,
상기보호관은상기지반천공부형성단계 이후제거되는것을특징으로 하는수중콘크리트블록구조물시공방법.
[청구항 7] 제 5항에 있어서,
상기수중지반은수중콘크리트블록구조물을위하여 인공적으로 조성된기초지반을포함하며 ,
상기콘크리트블록집합체형성 단계 이전에상기기초지반을조성하는 기초지반조성 단계가포함되며 ,
상기 기초지반은,기초사석지반,치환사석지반,심층혼합처리지반, 연약지반개량처리된지반중어느하나또는이들을복합한것인것을 특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물시공방법.
[청구항 8] 제 5항에 있어서,
상기콘크리트기둥형성단계 이후,상기콘크리트블록집합체의상부에 상치콘크리트부를형성하는상치콘크리트부형성단계가부가되는 것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물시공방법 .
[청구항 9] 제 5항에 있어서,
상기콘크리트블록은내부에속채움용공간이 형성되며,상기콘크리트 블록집합체형성 단계 이후상기속채움용공간에속채움재를채우는 속채움단계가부가되는것을특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물 시공방법.
[청구항 ] 제 5항에 있어서,
상기콘크리트블록은,콘크리트상판과,상기콘크리트상판으로부터 하방으로이격하여마련되는콘크리트하판과,상단부가상기콘크리트 2020/175844 1»（：1^1{2020/002356
16 상판에삽입결합되고하단부가상기콘크리트하판에삽입결합되고 상하방향중간부가상기콘크리트상판과상기콘크리트하판의 사이에서 외부로노출되며상하방향으로상기상하방향관통구가 형성되는중공관형태의수직 연결관을포함하여 이루어지는것을 특징으로하는수중콘크리트블록구조물시공방법.
PCT/KR2020/002356 2019-02-28 2020-02-19 수중 콘크리트 블록 구조물 시공 방법 WO2020175844A1 (ko)

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CA3127315A1 (en) 2020-09-03
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