WO2020172985A1 - 浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站 - Google Patents

浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020172985A1
WO2020172985A1 PCT/CN2019/084283 CN2019084283W WO2020172985A1 WO 2020172985 A1 WO2020172985 A1 WO 2020172985A1 CN 2019084283 W CN2019084283 W CN 2019084283W WO 2020172985 A1 WO2020172985 A1 WO 2020172985A1
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Prior art keywords
supply station
floating
natural gas
main hull
lng
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PCT/CN2019/084283
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐立新
袁远
刘河敬
曹慧
刘建成
Original Assignee
招商局重工（江苏）有限公司
招商局重工(深圳)有限公司
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Priority to US17/597,993 priority Critical patent/US20220289343A1/en
Publication of WO2020172985A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020172985A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B63B21/507—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers with mooring turrets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C1/00—Dry-docking of vessels or flying-boats
    • B63C1/02—Floating docks
    • B63C1/04—Floating docks self docking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/04—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull
    • B63B2001/044—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with single hull with a small waterline area compared to total displacement, e.g. of semi-submersible type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/448—Floating hydrocarbon production vessels, e.g. Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessels [FPSO]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D9/00—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships
    • B67D9/02—Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships using articulated pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of liquefied natural gas (liquefied natural gas, LNG) equipment, in particular to a floating liquefied natural gas supply station.
  • liquefied natural gas liquefied natural gas, LNG
  • the offshore liquefied natural gas supply station is an important facility in the natural gas industry chain. It plays the core function of receiving, storing, regasifying liquefied natural gas (LNG), and finally transporting it to downstream users.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • offshore natural gas supply stations have the advantages of small investment, short construction period, low requirements for land infrastructure configuration, and can be reused many times.
  • the floating devices currently in service usually exhibit high motion amplitude and acceleration in sea waves, and have poor wave resistance, which has an adverse effect on the unloading, regasification, and export operations of LNG.
  • the existing floating liquefied natural gas supply stations require relatively high meteorological conditions in their target sea areas. To a certain extent, this limits the use of floating LNG supply stations in wider sea areas.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a floating reliable berthing LNG supply station, which can berth large LNG carriers with a smaller main body size, and increase the berthing capacity by sitting on the bottom.
  • the overall seakeeping performance at berth makes it suitable for wider sea areas.
  • the floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station includes: a main hull, which includes: liquefied natural gas storage tanks, natural gas processing modules and ballast water tanks; the liquefied natural gas storage tanks are arranged in the Inside the main hull, the natural gas processing module is connected with the liquefied natural gas storage tank; the ballast water tank is arranged at the lower part of the main hull.
  • the lower base includes at least one bottom plate.
  • a splicing and fixing structure which includes a first splicing piece and a second splicing piece that cooperate with each other, at least one of the first splicing piece or the second splicing piece is disposed on the lower side of the main hull, and the first splicing piece One splicing piece or the other of the second splicing piece is correspondingly arranged on at least one side surface of the bottom plate; the main hull and the lower base are fixedly connected by the splicing fixing structure.
  • the above-mentioned floating LNG supply station further includes a positioning system, which is arranged at the lower part of the main hull or the lower base to fix the floating LNG supply station.
  • the above-mentioned floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station wherein the main hull includes two or more, and each of the main hulls is respectively fixedly connected to one side of the bottom plate through the splicing fixing structure .
  • the main hull is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower base, and is fixedly connected to the lower base through the splicing and fixing structure.
  • each side of each bottom plate is provided with the first assembling piece or the second assembling piece, and all the bottom plates pass through.
  • the splicing and fixing structure is fixedly connected.
  • the lower base further includes a buttress or support rail, and the buttress or support rail is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate.
  • the first assembling piece and the second assembling piece are fixed by welding or clamping or fixedly connected by pouring adhesive material.
  • the positioning system includes any one or a combination of a mooring system, a dynamic positioning system, a piling positioning system, and a direct seabed sitting system.
  • the above-mentioned floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station wherein the mooring system includes a mooring cable, one end of the mooring cable is fixed to the seabed, and the other end of the mooring cable It is fixed to the lower part of the main hull or the lower part of each bottom plate.
  • the above-mentioned floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station wherein the insertion pile positioning system includes a plurality of positioning piles, one end of the positioning pile is fixed to the seabed, and the other end of the positioning pile is connected to the The lower part of the main hull or the lower part of each bottom plate is fixed.
  • the floating LNG supply station directly sits on the seabed to achieve positioning.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects:
  • the floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station includes a main hull, a lower base, and a positioning system.
  • the base includes a bottom plate or at least two bottom plates fixedly connected by a splicing and fixing structure, and the bottom plate is also fixedly connected to the lower side of the main hull through the splicing and fixing structure. Therefore, the main hull and lower base of the floating LNG supply station of the present invention can be assembled in a modular manner.
  • the main hull and the lower base of the present invention can be constructed separately, and then connected and assembled on the sea or on land in a modular manner. Therefore, the present invention can flexibly compose supply stations of various forms and sizes, and accommodate LNG carriers with different load capacities for berthing.
  • main hull, lower base and other components of the present invention can be spliced and arranged by smaller modular units, it is not necessary to provide a larger construction site and special large-scale equipment for building a large-size floating LNG supply station.
  • the invention can effectively reduce the manufacturing cost of a large-scale supply station.
  • the supply station of the present invention can adjust the draft between the two, so that the LNG ship is berthed on its lower base in a manner of sitting on the bottom, so that the LNG ship and the supply station are integrated as a whole. Therefore, the floating natural gas supply station of the present invention can obtain excellent overall seakeeping performance. At this time, under the influence of the external ocean wind, waves, currents, etc., the supply station and the LNG will realize synchronous movement, and there is basically no relative displacement between the two, which improves the safety of offshore operations.
  • this device can be applied to sea areas with various water depths from shallow water to deep water, and has strong universality It can be applied to a wider sea area.
  • a suitable positioning system such as mooring chains and anchors, inserted piles, direct seabed sitting on the bottom, etc.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating liquefied natural gas supply station according to the first implementation of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the floating reliable LNG supply station according to the first implementation of the present invention when a small and medium LNG ship is berthing;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a large LNG ship berthing at a floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station according to the first implementation of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a conventional LNG ship when a conventional LNG ship is berthed at a floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station according to the first implementation of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating LNG supply station according to a second implementation of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station according to the second implementation of the present invention when an ultra-large LNG ship is berthing;
  • Fig. 7 is a top view of a floating LNG supply station according to the second implementation of the present invention when a super large LNG ship is berthed;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a floating LNG supply station according to the third implementation of the present invention being positioned in a plug-in method;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a floating LNG supply station positioned on the bottom of the seabed according to the fourth implementation of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection mode between two splicing pieces of the splicing and fixing structure in the floating LNG supply station according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a floating reliable LNG supply station, which belongs to offshore oil and natural gas production facilities.
  • the device is mainly composed of a main hull 100, a lower base 200, a positioning system 30, a berthing system and the like.
  • the main hull 100 includes a liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tank and cargo containment system, a natural gas processing module 101 and a ballast water tank 104.
  • the natural gas processing module 101 mainly includes: a regasification module, an LNG unloading module, and a gas export module.
  • the lower base 200 includes a supporting structure, buttresses or supporting rails composed of a plurality of bottom plates 202.
  • the positioning system 30 can take various forms, such as: mooring lines and anchors as shown in FIG. 1, plugging piles as shown in FIG. 8, and direct seabed sitting on the bottom as shown in FIG.
  • the berthing system mainly includes connecting cables 302, anti-collision fenders and so on.
  • the main special feature of the present invention is that the main hull and the lower base can be separately constructed in a modular manner, and then connected in a modular manner at sea or on land to form a supply station of various geometric forms. Therefore, it can flexibly form supply stations of various forms and sizes, and accommodate LNG carriers of different deadweights for berthing.
  • the LNG ship is berthed at the lower base of the supply station by sitting on the bottom, through the buttress or support rail on it, the two form a whole, that is, a supply station-LNG ship combination is formed, so that excellent
  • the overall seakeeping and operating window conditions enable the supply station to be applied to the target sea area with stricter weather conditions and improve the safety of maritime operations.
  • This device does not require a large supply station hull construction site, and has good engineering feasibility.
  • FIG. 1 In the first implementation manner of the present invention, refer to FIG. 1.
  • the lower side of the main hull 100 adopts the splicing and fixing structure shown in the dashed frame in Fig. 10 or Fig. 5, specifically, the first assembling piece 5 and the second assembling piece 6 that cooperate with each other to realize the free combination of the main hull and the lower base. Therefore, the main hull 100 and the lower base 200 can be formed into a semi-open or fully open supply station, which can be widely applied to various LNG ships of different main dimensions.
  • the main hull 100 and the lower part of the lower base 200 are also connected with a mooring system 301.
  • the mooring system 301 includes a mooring cable, one end of the mooring cable is fixed to the seabed, and the other end of the mooring cable is fixed to the lower part of the main hull 100 or the lower part of each bottom plate 202.
  • the mooring system 301 fixes the fully open floating supply station composed of the main hull 100 and the lower base 200 on the seabed to realize the long-term mooring of the supply station.
  • the above-mentioned main hull 100 mainly includes a natural gas processing module 101, an unloading device 102, an LNG storage tank 103, a ballast water tank 104, and a gas transmission pipeline 105.
  • the lower base 200 is mainly composed of a buttress/support rail 201 and a base structure 202.
  • the supply station of the present invention after the LNG carrier 400 arrives, adjusts the ballast to realize that the LNG carrier 400 sits on the lower base 200; and the connection cable 302 further assists the supply station and the LNG carrier connection. Subsequently, the LNG is unloaded from the LNG ship through the unloading device 102, regasification is realized through the natural gas processing module 101, and gas is continuously supplied to downstream users through the gas export pipeline 105 until all the LNG carried by the LNG ship 400 is consumed.
  • the main function of the LNG storage tank 103 is to be able to use the LNG in the storage tank 103 when the previous LNG carrier leaves and the next LNG ship 400 has not yet fully berthed and started to unload. Intermittent gas supply. Due to the bottom berthing, the LNG ship 400, the main hull 100 and the lower base 200 form a whole, and there is basically no relative movement between each other. Therefore, the operating weather window and applicable sea area of the whole set of equipment can be greatly improved.
  • a small-scale supply station can be used to accommodate large ships berthing.
  • the draft between the two can be adjusted to make the LNG ship berth at the bottom of the base.
  • most of the bottom of the LNG ship remains sitting on the lower base.
  • the top view of the connection relationship is shown in Figure 4. Therefore, under the influence of the external ocean wind, waves, currents, etc., the supply station and the LNG ship can still maintain synchronous movement, and there is basically no relative displacement between the two, thus greatly improving the applicable sea area of the supply station.
  • main hull 100 and the lower base 200 provided by the present invention can be constructed separately and then connected, so it can also be implemented when a large construction site is lacking.
  • the target user of the supply station is a super large LNG carrier, so its main dimensions, especially the width of the ship, are relatively large.
  • two sets of main hull 100 and lower base 200 modules can be used to connect left and right to form a semi-open structure for berthing of LNG ships.
  • the way the super-large LNG ship sits at the bottom is shown in Figure 6 or Figure 7.
  • Other subsequent operations are similar to the previous implementation.
  • the positioning method of the supply station is piling positioning, and the piling or positioning pile 300 can be inserted into the seabed through the operating mechanism to realize the control of the entire supply station device Long-term positioning.
  • the specific operation method of this kind of supply station is similar to the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • the supply station can also adjust the ballast tank 104 so that it sits on the seabed as a whole to achieve long-term positioning.
  • the first assembling piece 5 and the second assembling piece 6 can be fixed by welding, clamping or pouring bonding material for connection and fixing, so that the bottom plates 202 and the main hull 100 are connected as a whole.
  • the floating LNG supply station of the present invention has the following adjustable degrees of freedom due to its modular design:
  • the interface division between the main hull, lower base, positioning system and berthing system can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the berthing devices between the supply station and the LNG ship such as connecting cables, fenders, etc., and related operating mechanical systems can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the combination of the main hull and the lower base can be freely selected according to the needs to form different forms of supply station forms;
  • the shape and main dimensions of the main hull and lower base can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the extended deck structure of the main hull can be selected freely according to needs, and the form and geometric dimensions of the extended structure of the main hull deck can be further optimized, or no extended deck is provided;
  • connection system between the main hull and the lower base can be freely selected according to the needs, for example, choose its connection method, connectors, connection materials, etc.;
  • the construction method and technological process of the land and/or sea connection between the main hull and the lower base can be freely selected according to the needs;
  • the geometric form, size and layout position of the LNG cabin can be freely selected according to the needs;
  • the method of LNG cargo containment system can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the setting, increase or decrease of LNG unloading, storage, regasification, exporting and other functions can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the setting, increase or decrease of the ballast function can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the geometric form, size and arrangement position of the ballast tank compartment can be freely selected according to the needs;
  • the ballast can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the structure, main material, arrangement, spacing and quantity of buttresses/support rails can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the positioning system can adopt the mooring method, the arrangement of the mooring system, the composition of the mooring line, the main material of the mooring line, the intermediate joints, the terminal joints, the anchoring method of the mooring system on the seabed, the anchoring equipment, and the operating machinery of the mooring system
  • the system can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the positioning system can be adopted as the insertion pile, and the arrangement, structure size, main material of the insertion pile or positioning pile, the main body material, the insertion manipulation mechanical system, and the realization principle of the insertion pile can be freely selected according to needs;
  • the whole supply station device can directly sit on the bottom of the seabed.
  • the realization principle of the bottom of the seabed, the operating mechanical system, the necessary partial strengthening of the bottom of the ship, and the pretreatment conditions of the seabed foundation can be freely selected according to the needs;
  • the positioning system can be freely selected for other positioning methods according to needs, such as dynamic positioning system;
  • connection method and operating mechanism of the water surface between the supply station and the LNG ship can be freely selected according to the needs;
  • the supply station can be freely selected according to needs to have the self-propelled function.
  • the main hull and the lower base can be easily combined into a variety of different geometrical supply stations, such as semi-open or full-open, so that small-scale supply stations can be used to accommodate large-scale LNG carriers.
  • Modular design can significantly reduce the requirements for the scale of construction sites and facilities, and can be manufactured by nearby existing construction facilities around the target sea area, providing greater flexibility and wider applicability for its engineering applications, and reducing engineering Construction period and cost.
  • the modular method is adopted to design and manufacture the main hull and the lower base separately. Through their free combination, a variety of floating supply station forms, such as semi-open and fully open, can be flexibly realized, so that the entire device can adapt to various The berthing of large-scale LNG ships can realize the berthing of large-scale LNG ships at small-scale supply stations. Using modular construction methods, it can also be manufactured in a smaller construction site.
  • the floating reliable mooring liquefied natural gas supply station of the present invention provides an excellent berthing method for LNG ships.
  • the LNG ship can directly sit on the buttress/support rail of the lower base of the supply station to form a supply station-LNG
  • the combined structure of the ship significantly improves the overall seakeeping performance and operational weather window, so that the device can be applied to a wider sea area.
  • the bottom berthing mode of the LNG ship greatly reduces the relative movement between the supply station and the LNG ship.
  • the operating weather window of the device is increased by at least 40%-50%.
  • the operating window will be wider.
  • this device can be applied to sea areas with various water depths from shallow water to deep water, and has strong universality.
  • the device can adapt to various water depth operating conditions from shallow water to deep water, and further expand its applicable sea area. For example, in shallow waters, you can directly sit on the bottom of the seabed; in medium-deep waters, you can use plug-in positioning; in deep seas, you can use mooring positioning.
  • the device can adopt an extended deck structure, so it can obtain a larger deck area without increasing the main dimensions of the hull to provide sufficient operating space.
  • the whole set of supply station has small investment, short construction period, does not require large-scale land terminal infrastructure supporting facilities, and can operate in different sea environments, so it has a good life-cycle economy.
  • the structure of the buttress/support rail can reduce the local load of the LNG ship when berthing at the bottom, so that the LNG ship with a large load can be berthed at the bottom of the supply station.
  • the optimized design of the tank in the supply station can apply a variety of LNG cargo containment systems, especially the C-type tank can be used to store LNG, so as to achieve total cost optimization.
  • the whole set of equipment is fully functional, with all the functions of LNG ship berthing, LNG unloading, storage, regasification, and export, and can realize independent operation.
  • Process modules such as LNG unloading, regasification, and export can adopt compact designs to further reduce the requirements for the main hull deck area and main dimensions, thereby reducing the cost of the entire device.
  • the whole set of equipment can adopt an open general layout design, which significantly improves the safety of LNG berthing and departure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，包括：主船体（100），下底座（200），和定位系统（300）；下底座（200）包括一块底板（202）或者由拼接固定结构固定连接的至少两块底板（202）；底板（202）还通过拼接固定结构与主船体（100）的下侧面固定连接。由此，浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站的主船体（100）和下底座（200）可以分别单独建造，然后以模块方式在海上或陆地实现连接组装，因而可以灵活地组成各种形式和尺度的供给站，容纳不同载重量的LNG运输船靠泊，降低其制造成本。此外，供给站可使得LNG船以坐底的方式靠泊于其下底座，LNG船与供给站之间结合为一整体，从而可以获得优良的整体耐波性，提升海上作业安全。

Description

浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站 技术领域
本发明涉及液化天然气(liquefied natural gas，LNG)设备领域，尤其涉及一种浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站。
背景技术
随着世界各国对环境保护的强烈关注，越来越多的国家开始以法律方式强制淘汰传统以煤炭、燃油为主的旧能源。以天然气为主体的新型“清洁能源”的需求开始持续上升，进而，极大地促进了对LNG终端的需求。对于码头等基础设施相对薄弱的地区，采用浮式液化天然气供给站进行天然气供给具有明显的优势
海上液化天然气供给站是天然气产业链中的一个重要设施，它起着对液化天然气(LNG)进行接收、储存、再气化，最终输送到下游用户的核心功能。与陆地LNG接收终端相比，海上天然气供给站具有投资小、建设周期短、对陆地基础设施配置要求低、并可以多次重复利用等优点。
现役的浮式装置在海浪中通常呈现较高的运动幅值和加速度，耐波性不佳，对LNG的卸载、再气化、外输作业具有不利影响。此外，现有浮式液化天然气供给站对其目标海域的气象条件要求较高。这在一定程度上限制了浮式液化天然气供给站在更广阔海域的使用。
此外，为了能够容纳大吨位的LNG船舶靠泊，需要相应加大浮式液化天然气供给站的主尺度。这种情况下，若按照目前主流的制造方式，建造大尺寸的浮式液化天然气供给站，会对其建造设备和建造场地提出更高要求。现有技术下，需要更大空间的建造设备设施和更大的建造场地才能够建造大尺寸的浮式液化天然气供给站。这在一定程度上限制了浮式液化天然气设施工程上的可行性和经济性。
现有的浮式液化天然气供给站，由于其耐波性欠佳，较难适应恶劣风浪环境时大型船舶靠泊，因而难以满足更广泛的LNG终端的需求。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，能够以较小的主体尺度来靠泊大型的LNG运输船舶，并且通过坐底方式，提高靠泊时的整体耐波性能，使之能适用于更广泛的海域。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，包括：主船体，其包 括：液化天然气储存舱、天然气处理模块和压载水舱；所述液化天然气储存舱设置于所述主船体的内部，所述天然气处理模块与所述液化天然气储存舱连接；所述压载水舱设置于所述主船体的下部。下底座，其包括至少一块底板。拼接固定结构，其包括相互配合的第一拼接件和第二拼接件，所述第一拼接件或所述第二拼接件中的其中至少一个设置在所述主船体的下侧面，所述第一拼接件或所述第二拼接件中的另一个对应地设置在所述底板的至少一侧面；所述主船体与所述下底座之间通过所述拼接固定结构固定连接。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，还包括定位系统，其设置于所述主船体或所述下底座的下部，固定所述浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述主船体包括两个或以上，每一个所述主船体均分别通过所述拼接固定结构与所述底板的一侧面固定连接。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述主船体对称地设置在所述下底座的两侧面，通过所述拼接固定结构与所述下底座固定连接。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述各底板的各侧面均分别设置有所述第一拼接件或所述第二拼接件，所述各底板之间通过所述拼接固定结构固定连接。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述下底座还包括有支墩或支撑轨，所述支墩或支撑轨设置于所述底板的上表面。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述第一拼接件和第二拼接件之间焊接固定或卡接固定或通过灌注粘结材料固定连接。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述定位系统包括系泊系统、动力定位系统、插桩定位系统、直接海床坐底系统中的任一种或其组合。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述系泊系统包括系泊线缆，所述系泊线缆的一端与海床固定，所述系泊线缆的另一端与所述主船体的下部或所述各底板的下部固定。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述插桩定位系统包括多个定位桩，所述定位桩的一端与海床固定，所述定位桩的另一端与所述主船体的下部或所述各底板的下部固定。
可选的，上述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其中，所述浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站直接坐底于海床，实现定位。
本发明和现有方案相比具有如下技术效果:
1.本发明所提供的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，包括：主船体，下底座，和定位 系统。其底座包括一块底板或由拼接固定结构固定连接的至少两块底板，所述底板还通过该拼接固定结构与所述主船体的下侧面固定连接。由此，本发明的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站的主船体和下底座可采用模块式的方式组装。本发明的主船体和下底座可以分别单独建造，然后以模块方式在海上或陆地实现连接组装。因而本发明可以灵活地组成各种形式和尺度的供给站，容纳不同载重量的LNG运输船靠泊。
2.由于本发明的主船体、下底座等部件可通过较小的模块化单元拼接设置，因此并不需要为建造大尺寸的浮式液化天然气供给站提供更大的建造场地和专用大型设备。本发明能够有效降低大型供给站的制造成本。
3.此外，本发明的供给站可通过两者之间的吃水调整，使得LNG船以坐底的方式靠泊于其下底座，使得LNG船与供给站之间结合为一整体。因而，本发明的浮式天然气供给站可以获得优良的整体耐波性。此时，在外部海洋风、浪、流等环境作用下，供给站和LNG将实现同步运动，两者之间基本不存在相对位移，提升海上作业安全。并且可通过选择合适的定位系统，如，系泊链和锚、插桩、直接海床坐底等，本装置可以应用于从浅水到深水等各种水深条件的海域，具有较强的普适性，可适用于更广的海域范围。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起，用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为根据本发明第一实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站的结构示意图；
图2为根据本发明第一实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站在中小型LNG船靠泊时的剖面示意图；
图3为根据本发明第一实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站在大型LNG船靠泊时的剖面示意图；
图4为根据本发明第一实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站在常规型LNG船靠泊时的俯视图；
图5为根据本发明第二实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站的结构示意图；
图6为根据本发明第二实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站在超大型LNG船靠泊 时的剖面示意图；
图7为根据本发明第二实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站在超大型LNG船靠泊时的俯视图；
图8为根据本发明第三实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站以插桩方式定位的示意图；
图9为根据本发明第四实现方式的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站以海床坐底方式定位的示意图；
图10为根据本发明的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站中拼接固定结构的两拼接件之间连接方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
参考图1所示，本发明提供一种浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，属于海上石油天然气生产设施。该装置主要由主船体100、下底座200、定位系统30、靠泊系统等组成。
其中主船体100包括液化天然气(LNG)储存舱及货物围护系统、天然气处理模块101和压载水舱104。其中，天然气处理模块101主要包括：再气化模块、LNG卸载模块、气体外输模块。
所述的下底座200包括由若干底板202组成的支撑结构、支墩或支撑轨。
所述的定位系统30可以采用多种形式，例如：如图1所示的系泊线和锚、如图8所示的插桩、如图9所示直接海床坐底等。
靠泊系统主要包括连接缆绳302、防撞碰垫等。
本发明的主要特殊之处在于，主船体和下底座可以分别单独进行模块化的建造，然后以模块方式在海上或陆地进行连接，组合成各种几何形式的供给站。因而其可以灵活地组成各种形式和尺度的供给站，容纳不同载重量的LNG运输船靠泊。此外LNG船以坐底的方式靠泊于供给站的下底座，通过其上的支墩或支撑轨，两者形成一个整体，即，形成一个供给站-LNG船组合体，从而可以获得优良的整体耐波性和作业窗口条件，使供给站能够适用于气象条件更严格的目标海域，提升海上作业安全。本装置无需大型的供给站船体建造场地，具有良好的工程可行性。
具体而言，在本发明的第一种实现方式下，参考图1所示。主船体100的下侧面通过图10或图5虚线框所示的拼接固定结构，具体通过相互配合的第一拼接件5和第二拼接 件6，实现主船体与下底座的自由组合。由此可将主船体100与下底座200组成半开放式或者全开放式供给站，能广泛地适用于各种不同主尺度的LNG船。
图1所示的实现方式下，上述的供给站，其主船体100与下底座200的下部还连接有系泊系统301。系泊系统301包括系泊线缆，所述系泊线缆的一端与海床固定，所述系泊线缆的另一端与所述主船体100的下部或所述各底板202的下部固定。系泊系统301将由主船体100与下底座200组成的全开放式浮式供给站固定于海床上，实现供给站的长期系泊。一种典型的实现方式下，上述的主船体100主要包括天然气处理模块101、卸料装置102、液化天然气储存舱103、压载水舱104、气体外输管线105。下底座200主要由支墩/支撑轨201和底座结构202组成。
如图2所示，本发明的供给站，在LNG运输船400到达后，通过压载调整，实现LNG运输船400坐底于下底座200；并且通过连接缆绳302对供给站和LNG船进一步辅助连接。随后，通过卸料装置102从LNG船卸载LNG，通过天然气处理模块101实现再气化并通过气体外输管线105对下游用户持续供气，直到LNG船400所运载的LNG全部消耗完毕。此过程中，LNG储存舱103的主要功能是，当上一艘LNG运输船离开，而下一艘LNG船400尚未完全靠泊并开始卸载时，能够使用储存舱103中的LNG继续对用户不间断供气。由于采用坐底靠泊，LNG船400与主船体100及下底座200组成一个整体，相互之间基本不发生相对运动，因此，可以极大地提高整套装置的作业气象窗口和适用海域。
特别的，参考图3所示，由于本发明供给站组合为开放结构，因而可以用较小尺度的供给站来容纳大型船舶靠泊。相应地，大型LNG船靠泊供给站后，可以通过两者之间的吃水调整，使LNG船在下底座实现坐底靠泊。此时，LNG船的船底的大部分仍然保持坐底于所述下底座。其连接关系的俯视图如图4所示。因而，在外部海洋风、浪、流等环境作用下，供给站和LNG船依旧能够保持同步运动，两者之间基本不存在相对位移，因此极大地提升了本供给站的可适用海域范围。
值得注意的是，本发明所提供的主船体100和下底座200可以分开进行建造，然后进行连接，因此在缺乏大型建造场地时也可以实施。
在本发明的第二种实现方式下，参照图5所示，该供给站的目标用户为超大型LNG运输船，因此其主尺度，尤其船宽尺度较大。此时，可采用两组主船体100和下底座200模块，进行左右对接，形成一种半开放形式结构，用于LNG船靠泊。这种方式下，超大型LNG船舶靠泊时坐底方式如图6或图7所示。其他后续作业方式则类似上一实施方式。
在本发明的第三种实现方式下，参照图8所示，该供给站的定位方式为插桩定位，可 以通过操作机构将插桩或定位桩300插入海床，实现对整个供给站装置的长期定位。这种供给站，其具体作业方式类似上述实施方式，在此不加赘述。
参考图9所示，在本发明的第四种实现方式下，供给站还可通过调节压载水舱104，使其整体坐底于海床，实现长期定位。拼接固定结构中，所述第一拼接件5和第二拼接件6可通过焊接或卡接或灌注粘结材料进行连接固定等方式固定，进而使得各底板202以及主船体100连接成一整体。
本发明的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，由于采用模块化的设计，因而具备如下可调节的自由度：
主船体、下底座、定位系统、靠泊系统之间界面划分可根据需要自由选择；
供给站与LNG船之间的靠泊装置，如连接缆绳、碰垫等，以及相关操纵机械系统可根据需要自由选择；
主船体、下底座之间的组合方式可根据需要自由选择，以形成不同形式的供给站形式；
主船体、下底座的外形形式、主尺度可根据需要自由选择；
调整供给站和LNG船吃水，实现LNG船坐底靠泊于供给站的方式、原理可以根据需要适当选择；
主船体的延伸甲板结构可根据需要自由选择，主船体甲板延伸结构的形式、几何尺寸可以进一步优化，或者不设置延伸甲板；
主船体与下底座的连接系统可根据需要自由选择，如，选择其连接方式、连接件、连接材料等；
主船体与下底座之间在陆地和/或海上连接的施工方法、工艺流程可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，LNG舱室的几何形式、尺寸以及布置位置可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，LNG货物围护系统的方式可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，LNG卸载、储存、再气化、外输等功能的设置、增减可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，LNG卸载、储存、再气化、外输等子系统的内部设计可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，压载功能的设置、增减可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，压载水舱的舱室，其几何形式、尺寸以及布置位置可根据需要自由选择；
供给站之中，压载物可根据需要自由选择；
支墩/支撑轨的构造形式、主体材料、布置方式、间距、数量可根据需要自由选择；
定位系统可以采用系泊方式，系泊系统的布置、系泊线组成、系泊线主体材料、中间接头、终端接头、系泊系统在海床上的锚固方式、锚固设备、系泊系统的操纵机械系统可根据需要自由选择；
定位系统可以采用为插桩，插桩或定位桩的布置、结构尺寸、主体材料、插桩操纵机械系统、插桩实现原理等可根据需要自由选择；
供给站装置整体可以直接坐底于海床，其海床坐底的实现原理、操纵机械系统、必要的船底局部加强、海床基础预处理条件等均可根据需要自由选择；
定位系统可根据需要自由选择为其他定位方式，如动力定位系统；
供给站和LNG船之间水面的连接方式及操纵机构可根据需要自由选择；
供给站可根据需要自由选择以具备自航功能。
由此，本发明的优点如下：
主船体和下底座可以方便地组合成多种不同几何形式的供给站，如半开式或全开式，从而可以使用小尺度的供给站来容纳大型LNG运输船靠泊。
模块化设计可以显著降低对建造场地规模、设施的要求，能够就近利用目标海域周边的现有建造设施来制造，为其工程化应用提供更大的灵活性和更广泛的适用性，并降低工程建设周期和成本。采用模块化方法，对主船体和下底座进行分别设计制造，通过其自由组合，可以灵便地实现多种浮式供给站形式，如半开放式、全开放式等，从而使得整套装置能够适应各种尺度的LNG船靠泊，实现大型LNG船靠泊小尺度的供给站。采用模块化建造方法，还可以实现在较小的建造场地制造。
本发明的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站为LNG船舶提供了一种优良的靠泊方式，LNG船可以直接坐底于供给站的下底座的支墩/支撑轨上，形成一个供给站-LNG船组合结构，从而显著提升整体的耐波性能和作业气象窗口，使本装置能够适用于更广泛的海域。LNG船的坐底式靠泊方式，极大降低了供给站和LNG船之间的相对运动，相比传统的旁靠作业方式，本装置的作业气象窗口至少提高40％～50％。此外，当采用插桩或海床坐底方式时，其作业窗口会更加广泛。
通过合理的选择定位系统形式，如系泊链和锚、插桩、直接海床坐底等，本装置可以应用于从浅水到深水等各种水深条件的海域，具有较强的普适性。通过对定位系统的优化设计，本装置能够适应从浅水到深水的多种水深作业条件，进一步拓展了其适用海域。例如，在浅水海域，可以直接坐底于海床；在中等水深海域，可以通过插桩定位；在深海可 以采用系泊定位。
本装置可以采用延伸甲板结构形式，因此，可以在不增加船体主尺度的情况下，获得较大甲板面积，以提供足够的操作空间。
整套供给站装置投资小、建设周期短、不需要大型陆地码头基础配套设施，并可以在不同的海域环境流动作业，从而具有良好的全寿命期经济性。
支墩/支撑轨的构造形式能够降低LNG船在坐底靠泊时的局部载荷，从而使得大载重量的LNG船能够以坐底方式靠泊供给站。
供给站中液舱的优化设计，可以应用多种LNG货物围护系统，特别是可以采用C型罐储存LNG，从而实现总成本优化。
整套装置功能齐全，具有LNG船靠泊、LNG卸载、储存、再气化、外输等全部功能，可以实现独立运营。
LNG卸载、再气化、外输等工艺模块可以采用紧凑型设计，进一步降低对主船体甲板面积和主尺度的需求，从而降低整套装置的成本。
整套装置可以采用开放式总布置设计，显著提高了LNG靠泊和离开的安全性。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，包括：
    主船体(100)，其包括：液化天然气储存舱(103)、天然气处理模块(101)和压载水舱(104)；所述液化天然气储存舱(103)设置于所述主船体(100)的内部，所述天然气处理模块(101)与所述液化天然气储存舱(103)连接；所述压载水舱(104)设置于所述主船体(100)的下部；
    下底座(200)，其包括至少一块底板(202)；
    拼接固定结构，其包括相互配合的第一拼接件(5)和第二拼接件(6)，所述第一拼接件(5)或所述第二拼接件(6)中的其中至少一个设置在所述主船体(100)的下侧面，所述第一拼接件(5)或所述第二拼接件(6)中的另一个对应地设置在所述底板(202)的至少一侧面；所述主船体(100)与所述下底座(200)之间通过所述拼接固定结构固定连接；
    定位系统(30)，其设置于所述主船体(100)或所述下底座(200)的下部，固定所述浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述主船体(100)包括两个或以上，每一个所述主船体(100)均分别通过所述拼接固定结构与所述底板(202)的一侧面固定连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述主船体(100)对称地设置在所述下底座(200)的两侧面，通过所述拼接固定结构与所述下底座(200)固定连接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述各底板(202)的各侧面均分别设置有所述第一拼接件(5)或所述第二拼接件(6)，所述各底板(202)之间通过所述拼接固定结构固定连接。
  5. 如权利要求1或4所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述下底座(200)还包括有支墩或支撑轨，所述支墩或支撑轨设置于所述底板(202)的上表面。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述第一拼接件(5)和第二拼接件(6)之间焊接固定或卡接固定或通过灌注粘结材料固定连接。
  7. 如权利要求1-6所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述定位系统(30)包括系泊系统(301)、动力定位系统、插桩定位系统(300)、直接海床坐底系统中的任一种或其组合。
  8. 如权利要求1-7所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述系泊系统(301)包括系泊线缆，所述系泊线缆的一端与海床固定，所述系泊线缆的另一端与所述主船体(100)的下部或所述各底板(202)的下部固定。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于，所述插桩定位系统包括多个定位桩，所述定位桩的一端与海床固定，所述定位桩的另一端与所述主船体(100)的下部或所述各底板(202)的下部固定。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站，其特征在于所述浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站直接坐底于海床，实现定位。
PCT/CN2019/084283 2019-02-27 2019-04-25 浮式可靠泊液化天然气供给站 WO2020172985A1 (zh)

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CN1605543A (zh) * 2004-11-18 2005-04-13 上海交通大学 防浪型坐底式浮码头
JP2008030702A (ja) * 2006-07-31 2008-02-14 Shinkichi Morimoto 浮体間係留方法および装置
CN103074879A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-01 宏华海洋油气装备（江苏）有限公司 人工岛制造方法
CN206485521U (zh) * 2016-12-19 2017-09-12 中远船务工程集团有限公司 一种液化天然气运输/加注船靠泊的浮式天然气液化/气化装备
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CN2106131U (zh) * 1991-06-10 1992-06-03 北海船厂 海上大吨位散装物料转载平台
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JP2008030702A (ja) * 2006-07-31 2008-02-14 Shinkichi Morimoto 浮体間係留方法および装置
CN103074879A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-01 宏华海洋油气装备（江苏）有限公司 人工岛制造方法
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