WO2020168995A1 - 一种大型薄壁件支撑设备及支撑方法 - Google Patents

一种大型薄壁件支撑设备及支撑方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020168995A1
WO2020168995A1 PCT/CN2020/075486 CN2020075486W WO2020168995A1 WO 2020168995 A1 WO2020168995 A1 WO 2020168995A1 CN 2020075486 W CN2020075486 W CN 2020075486W WO 2020168995 A1 WO2020168995 A1 WO 2020168995A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetorheological fluid
workpiece
nozzle
magnetic field
coil
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭江
王斌
宋传平
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to US17/424,392 priority Critical patent/US11618116B2/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/086—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated using a solidifying liquid, e.g. with freezing, setting or hardening means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2220/00—Details of milling processes
    • B23C2220/48—Methods of milling not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2270/00—Details of milling machines, milling processes or milling tools not otherwise provided for
    • B23C2270/08—Clamping mechanisms or provision for clamping

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining support, and relates to a large-scale thin-walled part support device and method.
  • Large-scale thin-walled parts adopt an integral structure, which reduces the assembly process of parts, has good sealing performance, high fatigue strength of the structure, can maintain the integrity of the surface, and has a large material removal rate. It is widely used in aerospace and other fields. However, large thin-walled parts are not only large in size, low in rigidity, and easy to deform, but also have complex shapes, high precision requirements, and difficult manufacturing.
  • the mirror-mirror milling technology that uses mirror-mirror support heads to support the workpiece is an effective method to realize the processing of large-scale thin-walled parts.
  • This method uses two synchronous five-axis horizontal machine tools, one is a machining head for milling the workpiece, and the other is a support head, which supports the workpiece on the other side of the workpiece.
  • the supporting head always maintains a mirror-symmetrical relationship with the processing head, so as to offset the axial force during the processing and reduce the deformation of the workpiece.
  • this method requires two five-axis horizontal machine tools, the processing equipment is relatively complicated, the space required is large, and the processing cost is relatively high.
  • the movement of the support head during the machining process will have a certain delay relative to the machining head, and it is more difficult to control the relationship to maintain a mirror image at all times.
  • the support head has a certain degree of hardness, and chips and impurities will be embedded in the surface of the support head during processing, which can easily scratch the surface of the workpiece and affect the processing quality.
  • Magnetorheological fluid is a new type of controllable fluid composed of carrier fluid, magnetic particles and other additives. It is a new type of smart material. Under the action of a magnetic field, magnetorheological fluids can quickly and reversibly realize the transition between liquid and solid in milliseconds, with fast response speed and no delay. The rigidity of the magnetorheological fluid increases with the intensity of the applied magnetic field, which can realize precise control.
  • Liu Haibo of Dalian University of Technology and others invented "a magnetorheological fluid follow-up support method" in patent CN 108620911 A, which provides follow-up support and flexible clamping of large thin-walled parts with good clamping reliability. However, this method requires the entire part to be clamped in a pool filled with magnetorheological fluid.
  • the equipment is relatively large, and the position cannot be flexibly changed. It is suitable for the processing of various parts and requires a large amount of magnetorheological fluid.
  • magnetorheological fluid For large and thin-walled parts with complex shapes, there are many holes and "window" structures on the parts, and the surface is a complex curved surface, it is difficult to achieve sealing and vacuum.
  • the magnetorheological fluid in the extrusion mode will undergo elastic deformation in the initial stage of the magnetic particle chain, resulting in a certain deformation, which affects the machining accuracy of the parts, and the magnetic fluid has a certain yield strength. If the milling force is too large, the solidified area If it is smaller, it may exceed the yield strength of the magnetic fluid and cannot effectively support the workpiece.
  • the present invention proposes a large-scale thin-walled member supporting device and method.
  • the invention adopts the combination of magnetorheological fluid technology and jet support technology, replaces the traditional jet fluid with magnetorheological fluid, and uses the impact force of the jet to offset most of the milling force.
  • the jet is always in the initial section area, which can provide a constant jet impact force.
  • the magnetorheological fluid is instantaneously solidified to form a chain of magnetic particles to support the workpiece.
  • the supporting force increases with the increase of the magnetic field intensity.
  • the constant jet impact force and the support force of the controllable magnetorheological fluid work together to realize the precise cancellation of the milling force.
  • the yield strength of the magnetic fluid will not be exceeded due to the excessive milling force, and the response speed of the magnetorheological fluid Fast and easy to achieve precise control.
  • the jet support head only needs to move in three directions. Because the jet has a relatively wide range of action, it does not require high movement accuracy of the support head, does not require a complex machine tool structure, and the control difficulty is relatively low. At the same time, the support can be moved arbitrarily instead of a fixed form, which is very flexible and convenient, and can be adapted to the processing of workpieces of different sizes.
  • Magnetorheological fluid is attracted to the collection box by a magnet, and then injected into the nozzle by a hydraulic pump, which is easy to recover and can be recycled. Magnetorheological fluid has great damping, which can prevent chattering during machining and will not scratch the surface of the workpiece.
  • a supporting device for large thin-walled parts includes a processing device, a supporting device and an auxiliary device.
  • the workpiece 4 is located between the processing device and the supporting device, and is clamped around it in a flexible clamping manner.
  • the processing device includes a cutter 3, a coil 2, an iron core 1 and a servo drive device.
  • the cutter 3 is connected with the iron core 1 and the servo drive device, and moves according to the processing path under the control of the servo drive device.
  • the tool 3 is in contact with one side of the workpiece 4 to realize the removal of material from the workpiece 4.
  • the coil 2 is wound on the iron core 1, and its function is to precisely control the intensity of the magnetic field by changing the magnitude of the current in the coil 2, thereby realizing the control of the supporting force.
  • the function of the coil 2 is: when the coil 2 is energized, a certain intensity magnetic field will be generated around it, and the different winding directions of the coil 2 and the current size of the coil 2 can be controlled to obtain a magnetic field whose shape and intensity can be controlled. Source; when the coil 2 is not energized, no magnetic field will be generated around it.
  • the supporting device includes a nozzle 9, a magnetorheological fluid 8, magnetic particles 7, a solidified magnetorheological fluid 6 and a magnetic particle chain 5.
  • the nozzle 9 is located on the other side of the workpiece 4, and a through hole is provided inside as a channel through which the magnetorheological fluid 8 flows.
  • the nozzle 9 is connected with a servo drive device and can move in three directions: X, Y, and Z. , To ensure that the support can move together with the tool 3, thereby offsetting the milling force, ensuring the machining rigidity of the workpiece, and reducing the machining deformation.
  • the magnetorheological fluid 8 is injected through the nozzle 9 at a certain speed and has an impact force on the workpiece 4, thereby canceling most of the milling force.
  • the magnetic particles 7 are dispersed in the magnetorheological fluid 8.
  • the magnetic particles 7 gather together to form a magnetic particle chain 5 under the action of the magnetic field force, so that the magnetorheological fluid 8 is transformed into a solidified
  • the magnetorheological fluid 6, the solidified magnetorheological fluid 6 is near the surface of the workpiece 4 and supports the workpiece 4.
  • the auxiliary device includes a collection box 10, a magnet 11, a hose 12 and a hydraulic pump 13.
  • the collection box 10 is located directly below the jet, and the collection box 10 is connected with a servo drive device and moves with the nozzle 9.
  • the collecting box 10 collects the magnetorheological fluid 8 flowing down from the workpiece 4 and splashing in the air.
  • the magnet 11 is located below the collection box 10 and is used to provide a magnetic field to attract the magnetorheological fluid 8 into the collection box 10.
  • the hose 12 is connected with the collecting tank 10, the hydraulic pump 13 and the nozzle 9 to transport the magnetorheological fluid 8 from the collecting tank 10 to the nozzle, so as to realize the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid 8.
  • the hydraulic pump 13 is connected with a hose, and the magnetorheological fluid 8 is injected into the nozzle 9 at a certain speed and pressure.
  • a method for supporting large thin-walled parts is realized based on a processing device and a supporting device, and includes the following steps:
  • the first step is to set the jet impact force according to the milling force, so that the jet impact force can offset most of the milling force, and the length of the initial segment of the jet is calculated.
  • the length of the initial section of the jet is approximately equal to 100 times the nozzle diameter, and the size of the initial area of the jet can be obtained according to the nozzle diameter.
  • the required magnetic field force can be obtained.
  • the coil 2 is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the tool 3 is moved to the initial processing position.
  • the nozzle 9 is controlled to move to the other side of the tool 3 relative to the workpiece 4 through the servo drive mechanism, while ensuring that the distance between the nozzle 9 and the workpiece 4 is within the area of the initial segment of the jet.
  • the hydraulic pump 13 is started, and the magnetorheological fluid 8 is ejected from the nozzle 9 at a certain pressure and speed. At this time, the magnetorheological fluid 8 is solidified under the action of a magnetic field, and supports the workpiece 4.
  • the magnet 11 is installed on the collection box 10, and the collection box is moved by a servo drive device to ensure that the collection box is always directly under the jet.
  • the servo drive device controls the tool 3 to process according to a certain processing track and posture, and at the same time controls the nozzle 9 to move with the tool 3 to realize the follow-up support of the workpiece 4.
  • the coil 2 is powered off and the tool 3 moves to the initial position.
  • the hydraulic pump 13 is closed, the nozzle 9 stops spraying the magnetorheological fluid 8 and moves to the initial position at the same time.
  • the invention can utilize the impact force of the jet and can offset most of the milling force.
  • the milling force can be accurately offset, and the yield strength of the magnetic fluid will not be exceeded due to the excessive milling force, and the magnetorheological fluid has a fast response speed , Easy to achieve precise control.
  • the movement precision of the nozzle is not high, no complicated machine tool structure is required, and the control difficulty is relatively low.
  • the support mode can be moved arbitrarily, instead of a fixed form, it is very flexible and convenient, and can be adapted to the processing of workpieces of different sizes.
  • Magnetorheological fluid is easy to recover and can be reused. Magnetorheological fluid has great damping, which can prevent chattering during machining and will not scratch the surface of the workpiece.
  • Figure 1 is a processing principle diagram of a method for supporting large thin-walled parts.
  • a supporting device for large thin-walled parts includes a processing device, a supporting device and an auxiliary device.
  • the workpiece 4 is located between the processing device and the supporting device, and is clamped around it in a flexible clamping manner.
  • the processing device includes a cutter 3, a coil 2, an iron core 1 and a servo drive device.
  • the cutter moves according to the processing path under the control of the servo drive device to realize the removal of workpiece material.
  • the function of the coil 2 is to accurately control the intensity of the magnetic field by changing the magnitude of the current in the coil 2, thereby realizing the control of the supporting force.
  • the supporting device includes a nozzle 9, a magnetorheological fluid 8, magnetic particles 7, a solidified magnetorheological fluid 6 and a magnetic particle chain 5.
  • the nozzle 9 is the channel through which the magnetorheological fluid 8 flows.
  • the nozzle 9 is connected with the servo drive device to realize the movement in the three directions of X, Y, and Z, ensuring that the support can move together with the tool 3, thereby controlling the milling force Offset to ensure the processing rigidity of the workpiece and reduce processing deformation.
  • the magnetorheological fluid 8 is injected through the nozzle 9 at a certain speed and has an impact force on the workpiece 4, thereby canceling most of the milling force.
  • the magnetic particles 7 are dispersed in the magnetorheological fluid 8, and under the action of the magnetic field force, they will gather together to form a magnetic particle chain 5, so that the magnetorheological fluid 8 is transformed into a solidified magnetorheological fluid 6, and the solidified The magnetorheological fluid 6 is near the surface of the workpiece 4 and supports the workpiece 4.
  • the auxiliary device includes a collection box 10, a magnet 11, a hose 12 and a hydraulic pump 13.
  • the collection box 10 is used to collect the magnetorheological fluid 8 flowing down from the workpiece 4 and splashing in the air.
  • the magnet 11 is used to provide a magnetic field, which can attract the magnetorheological fluid 8 into the collection box 10.
  • the auxiliary device includes a collection box 10, a magnet 11, a hose 12 and a hydraulic pump 13.
  • the collection box 10 is used to collect the magnetorheological fluid 8 flowing down from the workpiece 4 and splashing in the air.
  • the magnet 11 is used to provide a magnetic field, which can attract the magnetorheological fluid 8 into the collection box 10.
  • the hose 12 can transport the magnetorheological fluid 8 from the collection box 10 to the nozzle, so as to realize the recycling of the magnetorheological fluid 8.
  • the hydraulic pump 13 injects the magnetorheological fluid 8 into the nozzle 9 at a certain speed and pressure.
  • a method for supporting large thin-walled parts is realized based on a processing device and a supporting device, and includes the following steps:
  • the first step is to set the jet impact force according to the milling force, so that the jet impact force can offset most of the milling force.
  • the length of the initial zone of the jet is equal to 100 times the nozzle diameter, and the size of the initial zone of the jet can be obtained according to the nozzle diameter.
  • the required magnetic field force can be obtained.
  • the coil 2 is energized to generate a magnetic field, and the tool 3 is moved to the initial processing position.
  • the nozzle 9 is controlled to move to the other side of the tool 3 relative to the workpiece 4 through the servo drive mechanism, while ensuring that the distance between the nozzle 9 and the workpiece 4 is within the area of the initial segment of the jet.
  • the hydraulic pump 13 is started, and the magnetorheological fluid 8 is ejected from the nozzle 9 at a certain pressure and speed.
  • the magnetorheological fluid 6 is solidified under the action of a magnetic field, and supports the workpiece 4.
  • the magnet 11 is installed on the collection box 10, and the collection box is moved by a servo drive device to ensure that the collection box is always directly under the jet.
  • the tool 3 made by the servo drive device is processed according to a certain processing path and posture, and the nozzle 9 is controlled to move with the tool 3 to realize the follow-up support of the workpiece 4.
  • the coil 2 is powered off and the tool 3 moves to the initial position.
  • the nozzle 9 stops spraying the magnetorheological fluid 8 and moves to the initial position at the same time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种大型薄壁件支撑设备及支撑方法，该支撑设备包括加工装置、支撑装置和辅助装置；工件(4)位于加工装置与支撑装置的中间，采用柔性夹持的方式对其四周进行夹紧。加工装置中的刀具（3）与铁芯（1）连接，缠绕在铁芯（1）上的线圈(2)通电时周围产生磁场。支撑装置包括喷嘴(9)和磁流变液(8)，喷嘴(9)位于工件(4)另一侧，磁流变液(8)通过喷嘴(9)射出，在线圈(2)通电情况下，磁流变液(8)转变成固化的磁流变液(6)对工件(4)起到支撑作用。支撑方法采用磁流变液技术与射流支撑技术相结合，利用射流冲击力抵消部分铣削力；通过改变线圈(2)电流大小及绕向方式，对磁场强度进行控制，磁流变液瞬间固化对工件（3）进行支撑。该支撑设备及方法能够实现对工件的柔性随动支撑，防止加工过程中的颤振，同时磁流变液可回收进行循环利用。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　一种大型薄壁件支撑设备及支撑方法 技术领域
本发明属于精密加工支撑技术领域，涉及一种大型薄壁件支撑装置及方法。
 背景技术
大型薄壁件采用整体式结构，减少了零件的装配过程，密封性好，结构的抗疲劳强度大，能够保持表面的完整性，材料去除率大，广泛应用于航空航天等领域。然而，大型薄壁件不仅尺寸大、刚度低、易变形，而且形状复杂，精度要求高，制造难度大。
目前，采用镜像支撑头对工件进行支撑的镜像铣削加工技术是实现大型薄壁件加工的一种有效方法。该方法采用两台同步的五轴卧式机床，一台为加工头对工件进行铣削加工，另一台为支撑头，在工件的另一侧对工件进行支撑。支撑头时刻保持与加工头呈镜像对称的关系，从而抵消加工过程中的轴向力，减小工件的变形。但是，该方法需要两台五轴的卧式机床，加工设备比较复杂，需要的空间大，加工成本比较高。而且，加工过程中支撑头的运动相对于加工头会有一定的延迟，控制其时刻保持镜像对此关系的难度较大。此外，支撑头有一定的硬度，同时加工过程中切屑和杂质会嵌入到支撑头表面，容易划伤工件表面，影响加工质量。
磁流变液是由载液、磁性颗粒和其他添加剂组成的新型可控流体，是一种新型的智能材料。在磁场的作用下，磁流变液可以在毫秒级的时间快速、可逆的实现液体和固体之间的转变，响应速度快，不会存在延迟现象。磁流变液的刚度随外加磁场强度的强而增强，能够实现精确的控制。大连理工大学的刘海波等在专利CN 108620911 A中，发明了“一种磁流变液随动支撑方法”，对大型薄壁件随动支撑和柔性装夹，装夹可靠性好。但是该方法需要将整个零件装夹在装满磁流变液的池里，设备比较大，而且不能灵活的变动位置，适应各种零件的加工，同时需要大量的磁流变液。对于形状复杂的大型薄壁件，零件上有许多孔和“开窗”结构，而且表面是复杂的曲面，很难实现密封，进行抽真空。此外，挤压模式下的磁流变液在初始阶段磁性颗粒链会发生弹性形变，产生一定的变形，影响零件的加工精度，而且磁流体存在一定的屈服强度，如果铣削力过大，固化面积较小，可能会超过磁流体的屈服强度，不能有效的支撑工件。
 技术问题
为了克服上述技术的不足，本发明提出一种大型薄壁件支撑装置及方法。本发明采用磁流变液技术与射流支撑技术相结合，将传统的射流液替换成磁流变液，利用射流的冲击力，可以抵消大部分的铣削力。射流离开喷嘴后，在初始段区域具有保持原有速度和压力的特性。通过控制喷嘴与工件的距离，使射流一直处于初始段区域，可以提供一个恒定的射流冲击力。通过控制磁场的强度，使磁流变液瞬间固化，形成磁性颗粒链对工件进行支撑，支撑力随磁场强度的增强而增强。恒定的射流冲击力与可控的磁流变液的支撑力共同作用，实现对铣削力的精确抵消，不会由于铣削力过大而超过磁流体的屈服强度，同时磁流变液的响应速度快，容易实现精确控制。射流支撑头只需要进行三个方向的移动，由于射流作用的范围比较广，对支撑头的运动精度要求不高，不需要复杂的机床结构，控制难度也比较低。同时，该支撑可以任意移动，不是采用固定形式，非常灵活方便，可以适应不同尺寸的工件加工。磁流变液通过磁铁吸引到收集箱，然后利用液压泵注入喷嘴中，回收方便，能够循环使用。磁流变液具有很大的阻尼，能够防止加工过程中的颤振，同时也不会划伤工件表面。
 技术解决方案
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种大型薄壁件支撑装置，包括加工装置、支撑装置和辅助装置实现。工件4位于加工装置与支撑装置的中间，采用柔性夹持的方式对其四周进行夹紧。
所述的加工装置包括刀具3、线圈2、铁芯1和伺服驱动装置。所述的刀具3与铁芯1、伺服驱动装置连接，在伺服驱动装置的控制下按照加工路径进行移动。刀具3与工件4的一侧接触，实现对工件4材料的去除。所述的线圈2绕在铁芯1上，其作用是通过改变线圈2中电流的大小，对磁场强度进行精确控制，进而实现对支撑力大小的控制。所述的线圈2作用是：线圈2在通电的情况下，周围会产生一定强度的磁场，控制线圈2的不同绕向方式以及线圈2电流大小，可以得到一个磁场形状以及强度均可控的磁场源；线圈2在未通电的情况下，周围不会产生磁场。
所述的支撑装置包括喷嘴9、磁流变液8、磁性颗粒7、固化的磁流变液6和磁性颗粒链5。所述的喷嘴9位于工件4的另一侧，内部设有一个通孔，作为磁流变液8流动的通道，喷嘴9与伺服驱动装置连接，能够实现X、Y、Z三个方向的移动，保证支撑能够跟随刀具3一起移动，从而对铣削力进行抵消，保证工件的加工刚度，减小加工变形。所述的磁流变液8通过喷嘴9以一定的速度的压力射出，对工件4有一个冲击力，从而抵消大部分铣削力。所述的磁性颗粒7分散在磁流变液8中，线圈2在通电情况下，磁性颗粒7在磁场力作用下聚集在一起形成磁性颗粒链5，从而使磁流变液8转变成固化的磁流变液6，固化的磁流变液6在工件4表面附近，对工件4起到支撑作用。
所述的辅助装置包括收集箱10、磁铁11、软管12和液压泵13。所述的收集箱10位于射流的正下方，收集箱10与伺服驱动装置连接，跟随喷嘴9移动。收集箱10收集从工件4流下来和飞溅在空中磁流变液8。所述的磁铁11位于收集箱10的下方，用来提供磁场，可以将磁流变液8吸引到收集箱10中。所述的软管12与收集箱10，液压泵13和喷嘴9连接，将磁流变液8从收集箱10运送到喷嘴里，实现磁流变液8的循环利用。所述的液压泵13与软管连接，将磁流变液8以一定的速度和压力注入喷嘴9中。
一种大型薄壁件支撑方法，基于加工装置和支撑装置实现，包括以下步骤：
第一步，根据铣削力的大小，设定射流冲击力的大小，使射流冲击力能够抵消大部分铣削力，同时计算射流初始段区域长度。射流初始段区域长度大约等于100倍的喷嘴直径，根据喷嘴直径可以得到射流初始区域的大小。
第二步，根据磁场力与射流冲击力之和与铣削力相互抵消，可以得到所需要的磁场力大小。根据磁场力大小，设计所需要的磁场强度和电流，以及线圈2的匝数和排列方式。按照所需要的磁场安装线圈2。
第三步，使线圈2通电产生磁场，刀具3移动到加工初始位置。
第四步，通过伺服驱动机构控制喷嘴9移动到刀具3相对于工件4的另一侧，同时保证喷嘴9与工件4之间的距离在射流初始段区域内。启动液压泵13，使磁流变液8以一定的压力和速度从喷嘴9射出。此时，磁流变液8在磁场的作用下固化，对工件4进行支撑。将磁铁11装在收集箱10上，收集箱通过伺服驱动装置移动，保证收集箱一直处于射流正下方。
第五步，通过伺服驱动装置控制刀具3按照一定的加工轨迹和姿态进行加工，同时控制喷嘴9随着刀具3进行移动，实现对工件4的随动支撑。
第六步，加工结束后，线圈2断电，刀具3移动到初始位置。关闭液压泵13，喷嘴9停止喷射磁流变液8，同时移动到初始位置。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明可以利用射流的冲击力，可以抵消大部分的铣削力。通过控制磁场强度控制固化后磁流变液对工件的支撑力大小，实现对铣削力的精确抵消，不会由于铣削力过大而超过磁流体的屈服强度，同时磁流变液的响应速度快，容易实现精确控制。喷嘴的运动精度要求不高，不需要复杂的机床结构，控制难度也比较低。同时，该支撑方式可以任意移动，不是采用固定形式，非常灵活方便，可以适应不同尺寸的工件加工。磁流变液回收方便，能够重复使用。磁流变液具有很大的阻尼，能够防止加工过程中的颤振，同时也不会划伤工件表面。
 附图说明
图1为大型薄壁件支撑方法的加工原理图。
图中：1铁芯，2线圈，3刀具，4工件，5磁性颗粒链，6固化的磁流变液，7磁性颗粒，8磁流变液，9喷嘴，10收集箱，11磁铁，12软管，13液压泵。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
一种大型薄壁件支撑装置，包括加工装置、支撑装置和辅助装置实现。工件4位于加工装置与支撑装置的中间，采用柔性夹持的方式对其四周进行夹紧。
所述的加工装置包括刀具3、线圈2、铁芯1和伺服驱动装置。所述的刀具在伺服驱动装置的控制下按照加工路径进行移动，实现对工件材料的去除。所述的线圈2的作用是通过改变线圈2中电流的大小，对磁场强度进行精确控制，进而实现对支撑力大小的控制。
所述的支撑装置包括喷嘴9、磁流变液8、磁性颗粒7、固化的磁流变液6和磁性颗粒链5。所述的喷嘴9是磁流变液8流动的通道，喷嘴9与伺服驱动装置连接，能够实现X、Y、Z三个方向的移动，保证支撑能够跟随刀具3一起移动，从而对铣削力进行抵消，保证工件的加工刚度，减小加工变形。所述的磁流变液8通过喷嘴9以一定的速度的压力射出，对工件4有一个冲击力，从而抵消大部分铣削力。所述的磁性颗粒7分散在磁流变液8中，在磁场力的作用下会聚集在一起形成磁性颗粒链5，从而使磁流变液8转变成固化的磁流变液6，固化的磁流变液6在工件4表面附近，对工件4起到支撑作用。
所述的辅助装置包括收集箱10、磁铁11、软管12和液压泵13。所述的收集箱10用来收集从工件4流下来和飞溅在空中磁流变液8。所述的磁铁11用来提供磁场，可以将磁流变液8吸引到收集箱10中。
所述的辅助装置包括收集箱10、磁铁11、软管12和液压泵13。所述的收集箱10用来收集从工件4流下来和飞溅在空中磁流变液8。所述的磁铁11用来提供磁场，可以将磁流变液8吸引到收集箱10中。所述的软管12可以将磁流变液8从收集箱10运送到喷嘴里，实现磁流变液8的循环利用。所述的液压泵13将磁流变液8以一定的速度和压力注入喷嘴9中。
一种大型薄壁件支撑方法，基于加工装置和支撑装置实现，包括以下步骤：
第一步，根据铣削力的大小，设定射流冲击力的大小，使射流冲击力能够抵消大部分铣削力。射流初始段区域长度等于100倍的喷嘴直径，根据喷嘴直径可以得到射流初始区域的大小。
第二步，根据磁场力与射流冲击力之和与铣削力相互抵消，可以得到所需要的磁场力大小。根据磁场力大小，设计所需要的磁场强度和电流，以及线圈2的匝数和排列方式。按照所需要的磁场安装线圈2。
第三步，使线圈2通电产生磁场，刀具3移动到加工初始位置。
第四步，通过伺服驱动机构控制喷嘴9移动到刀具3相对于工件4的另一侧，同时保证喷嘴9与工件4之间的距离在射流初始段区域内。启动液压泵13，使磁流变液8以一定的压力和速度从喷嘴9射出。此时，磁流变液6在磁场的作用下固化，对工件4进行支撑。将磁铁11装在收集箱10上，收集箱通过伺服驱动装置移动，保证收集箱一直处于射流正下方。第五步，通过伺服驱动装置制刀具3按照一定的加工轨迹和姿态进行加工，同时控制喷嘴9随着刀具3进行移动，实现对工件4的随动支撑。
第六步，加工结束后，线圈2断电，刀具3移动到初始位置。喷嘴9停止喷射磁流变液8，同时移动到初始位置。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种大型薄壁件支撑装置，其特征在于，该装置包括加工装置、支撑装置和辅助装置实现；工件(4)位于加工装置与支撑装置的中间，采用柔性夹持的方式对其四周进行夹紧；
    所述的加工装置包括刀具(3)、线圈(2)、铁芯(1)、伺服驱动装置；所述的刀具(3)与伺服驱动装置连接，在伺服驱动装置的控制下按照加工路径进行移动，刀具端部与铁芯(1)连接，铁芯(1)上缠绕线圈(2)，线圈(2)通电时周围产生磁场，能够通过改变线圈(2)中电流大小及绕向方式，对磁场强度进行精确控制，进而控制支撑力大小；刀具(3)刃部与工件(4)加工侧接触，用于去除工件(4)材料；
    所述的支撑装置包括喷嘴(9)、磁流变液(8)、磁性颗粒(7)、固化的磁流变液(6)和磁性颗粒链(5)；所述的喷嘴(9)位于工件(4)另一侧，内部设有一个通孔，作为磁流变液(8)流动的通道，喷嘴(9)与伺服驱动装置连接，能够实现X、Y、Z三个方向的移动，保证支撑能够随刀具(3)一起移动，保证工件的加工刚度；所述的磁性颗粒(7)分散在磁流变液(8)中，磁流变液(8)通过喷嘴(9)射出，线圈(2)在通电情况下，磁流变液(8)内的磁性颗粒(7)在磁场力作用下聚集形成磁性颗粒链(5)，使磁流变液(8)转变成固化的磁流变液(8)，固化的磁流变液(6)在工件(4)表面附近，对工件(4)起到支撑作用；
    所述的辅助装置包括收集箱(10)、磁铁(11)、软管(12)和液压泵(13)；所述的收集箱(10)位于射流的正下方，收集箱(10)与伺服驱动装置连接，跟随喷嘴(9)移动；收集箱(10)收集从工件(4)流下来和飞溅在空中磁流变液(8)；所述的磁铁(11)位于收集箱(10)的下方，用来提供磁场，可以将磁流变液(8)吸引到收集箱(10)中；所述的软管(12)与收集箱(10)，液压泵(13)和喷嘴(9)连接，将磁流变液(8)从收集箱(10)运送到喷嘴里，实现磁流变液(8)的循环利用；所述的液压泵(13)与软管连接，将磁流变液(8)以一定的速度和压力注入喷嘴(9)中。
  2. 一种基于权利要求1所述装置实现的大型薄壁件支撑方法，其特征在于，该方法基于加工装置和支撑装置实现，包括以下步骤：
    第一步，根据铣削力大小，设定喷嘴(9)射流冲击力的大小，使射流冲击力能够抵消大部分铣削力，同时根据喷嘴(9)直径得到射流初始区域的大小；
    第二步，根据磁场力与射流冲击力之和与铣削力相互抵消，可以得到所需要的磁场力大小；根据磁场力大小，设计所需要的磁场强度和电流，以及线圈(2)的匝数和排列方式；按照所需要的磁场安装线圈(2)；
    第三步，使线圈(2)通电产生磁场，刀具(3)移动到加工初始位置；
    第四步，通过伺服驱动机构控制喷嘴(9)移动到刀具(3)相对于工件(4)的另一侧，同时保证喷嘴(9)与工件(4)之间的距离在射流初始段区域内；启动液压泵(13)，使磁流变液(8)从喷嘴(9)射出，此时，磁流变液(8)在磁场的作用下固化，对工件(4)进行支撑；将磁铁(11)装在收集箱(10)上，收集箱通过伺服驱动装置移动，保证收集箱一直处于射流正下方；
    第五步，通过伺服驱动装置控制刀具(3)按照加工轨迹和姿态进行加工，同时控制喷嘴(9)随刀具(3)移动，实现对工件(4)的随动支撑；
    第六步，加工结束后，线圈(2)断电，刀具(3)移动到初始位置；关闭液压泵(13)，喷嘴(9)停止喷射磁流变液(8)，同时移动到初始位置。
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