Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
  • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
  • H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
  • H03K17/6871—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
  • H03K17/6872—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor using complementary field-effect transistors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
  • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
  • H03K17/0812—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
  • H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
  • H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
  • H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
  • H03K17/163—Soft switching
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
  • H03K17/168—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in composite switches
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
  • H02M1/0029—Circuits or arrangements for limiting the slope of switching signals, e.g. slew rate
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
  • H03K2217/0054—Gating switches, e.g. pass gates

Definitions

• the invention relates to a circuit arrangement which improves the control of an inverter for different operating modes.
• Electric drive systems which are used, for example, in electric and hybrid vehicles, use inverters that use an electric
• a safe operating mode can include, for example, an active short circuit of the inverter, in which all high-side switches or all low-side switches of the inverter are closed.
• a free-running mode in which all switches of the full bridge are open can also be provided as the safe operating mode.
• the DC link should be discharged quickly and reliably in such a case.
• half-bridge short-circuits can be set in a phase of the control of the inverter.
• the publication DE 10 2016 207 373 describes the unloading of a
• an intermediate circuit capacitor can be discharged while an electrical machine connected to the inverters is operated in a freewheeling state as a safe state.
• the discharge of the intermediate circuit capacitor is done by contacting a semiconductor switch within the
• Inverter The bridge branch of the inverter whose phase voltage is the lowest is selected for starting.
• the present invention discloses a circuit arrangement for the
• the affected switching element of the inverter switches through the raised one
• DC link is the series resistor of the control connection of the
• the series resistor can also be used to optimize the operating states of the inverter.
• the two series resistors of different sizes required for such a switching device can be wired for the normal mode operation of the inverter with a controllable switch in such a way that the higher resistance is then bridged. But to switch on such a controllable switch when switching on the switching element of the inverter, a few 10ns are required, so that every switch-on operation of the controllable switch of the inverter would take place during the first x * 10ns via the high-resistance series resistor before the low-resistance series resistor becomes effective. In addition, a conventional control of such a controllable switch with clocked voltage at the control connection would be complex in terms of circuitry and thus expensive.
• the invention is based on the consideration, with a simple circuit, the series resistor switchover already in the switched-off state
• the circuit arrangement according to the invention for controlling an inverter and for at least two different operating modes of the inverter has an input connection for connecting a gate driver output stage, the gate driver output stage providing the voltage for switching on the switching element of the inverter.
• the circuit arrangement has an output connection, which serves to connect the circuit arrangement to a control connection of one of the plurality of switching elements of the inverter. Because of its large number of switching elements, the inverter can therefore also have a large number of such circuit arrangements according to the invention.
• the circuit arrangement has at least two resistors with which the at least two different operating modes of the inverter can be switched.
• a smaller resistance of e.g. B. 1 ohm for the Normal mode operation that supports fast switching, but z. B. may limit the switching speed due to electromagnetic compatibility or the limitation of the load on the switching element of the inverter.
• the circuit arrangement has a switching unit that can assume two switching states. In one of the switching states, the
• Switching unit the current flow through the switching unit, in the other
• Switching state an electrical current can flow through the switching unit.
• This switching unit is electrically connected to the at least two resistors so that, depending on the switching state of the switching unit, at least two different resistance values act between the input connection and the output connection. Such interaction from one
• the circuit arrangement also has a control unit which, depending on the operating mode of the inverter, is set up to control the switching unit into a corresponding switching state.
• the control unit either receives a signal in analog or digital form from the inverter or from a control device of the inverter, which causes the switching unit to set the switching unit according to the mode of the inverter.
• Switching unit is set up to change the switching state depending on different, in particular non-clocked, control signals from the control unit. This means that the switching unit has appropriate control signals
• control signals are, for example, electrical voltages, whose value does not change as long as the operating mode of the inverter does not change.
• circuit complexity for this circuit arrangement is thus low and therefore inexpensive.
• a clocked control of the switching unit could, for. B. require electrical isolation and additional circuitry.
• the switching unit be set up to interact with these four units by means of the control signals from the control unit and during operation of the circuit arrangement and when both the gate driver stage and the inverter are in operation and connected in one of the at least two operating modes of the inverter, the switching unit is permanently switched on.
• the advantage is in particular that the permanent conduction of the switching unit means that no additional switching delay is added in the normal operating mode of the inverter.
• the switching unit have two complementary controllable switches that are connected antiparallel.
• controllable switching element capacitively switched switching elements, such as. B. unipolar components can be used.
• controllable switching elements are HEMT (high-electron mobility transistor), jFET (junction-fet, or non-insulated gate fet, NIGFET) (junction layer Field effect transistor), MOSFET, IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor) (German bipolar transistor with insulated gate electrode), or thyristors.
• cascodes i.e. series connections of normally-on components and
• Low voltage semiconductors are used to control the flow of current.
• Such a complementary parallel connection can also be implemented with bipolar transistors.
• the switching unit be set up so that at least one of the two complementary controllable switches of the switching unit is in one of the at least two Operating modes of the inverter is always switched to permanently switch the switching unit.
• one of the complementary, controllable switches connected in antiparallel is switched on at the beginning of the switching operation of the switching element of the inverter and the second controllable switch is switched on at the end of the switching element .
• the switching unit is permanently switched on and thus, over the entire phase of the switching process of the switching element of the inverter, the corresponding lower pre-resistance of the
• Circuit arrangement effective. The possibility of switching the at least two different resistors through the circuit arrangement for the function of the rapid intermediate circuit discharge can therefore be provided without restricting the regular switch-on behavior.
• switching connection bias voltages are applied as a control signal.
• Control unit one of the anti-parallel, controlled switches of the
• Switching unit safely leads. This is explained in more detail below for an exemplary embodiment.
• the smaller of the at least two resistors is arranged in series with the switching unit and this series connection electrically connects the input connection to the output connection, and that this series connection is connected in parallel with the larger of the at least two resistors.
• control unit be set up to change the control signals or the, in particular non-clocked, switching connection bias voltages when the inverter is switched to another of the at least two operating modes.
• control of the complementary controllable switches does not have to be carried out with a complex clocked voltage, but the simple switchover by a DC voltage at the control connections of the controllable switches is sufficient.
• a method for controlling an inverter and for at least two different operating modes of the inverter is specified which the control unit of a circuit arrangement according to one of the
• Claims 1 to 10 depending on the operating mode of the inverter, controls to cooperate with the switching unit such that different resistance values act between the input connection and the output connection in each of the at least two operating modes of the inverter.
• circuit arrangement according to the invention also apply to the method for controlling an inverter, which can be operated in at least two different operating modes.
• this method can control circuit arrangements which have the same structural features as that different embodiments of the circuit arrangement according to the invention, which was shown above.
• a computer program product which comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method described above.
• a computer-readable storage medium which comprises commands which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method described above.
• the DC power source DC power source, a drive unit and an inverter, for electrically coupling the DC power source to the drive unit.
• the inverter is electrically connected to a circuit arrangement as described above for controlling the inverter.
• a drive system with such a structure has the advantage of being able to be operated in the at least two operating modes of the inverter and, particularly in the operating mode for rapidly discharging the intermediate circuit capacitor, being more controllable when the switching elements of the inverter start up.
• FIG. 1 shows the circuit arrangement 10 for driving an inverter 30, together with an inverter 30 and a gate driver output stage 20.
• a characteristic of the invention is the use of complementary controllable switches 11, 12 connected in antiparallel to switch the effective resistance values between the input 25 and the output 31 of the circuit arrangement 10.
• this is shown as a parallel connection of an N-channel and a P -Channel MOSFETs executed, the source connection of one MOSFET are contacted with the drain connection of the other MOSFET.
• the output of a gate driver output stage 20, which provides the power for switching on a switching element of an inverter 30, is connected to the input 25 of the circuit arrangement 10.
• the switching element of the inverter 30 is one of a plurality of switching elements of the inverter 30 and is only indicated here by the connection to the inverter 30, which is in the inverter 30 with the
• Control electrode of the switching element is connected.
• the drain connection of the N-channel MOSFET 11 and the source connection of the P-channel MOSFET 12 are electrically connected to this input 25.
• MOSFET transistors 11, 12 are electrically connected to one another with their corresponding other source and drain connections and are therefore connected in anti-parallel.
• a first contact 21 of the first resistor 32 is connected to the connection of the parallel connection of the MOSFET transistors 11, 12 opposite the input 25.
• This first resistor 32 can be smaller than the second resistor 27.
• the second contact 31 of the first resistor 32 represents the output of the circuit arrangement 10 and is connected to a control connection 29 of the inverter 30, which is connected to a
• Control electrode of the switching element of the inverter 30 is connected.
• the second resistor 27 is connected by its first connection 26 to the input 25 of the circuit arrangement 10 and by its second connection 28 to the second connection 31 of the first resistor 32, that is to say the output of the circuit arrangement 10.
• a parallel connection of a gate discharge resistor 13, 18 and a capacitor 14, 17 is for both transistors 11, 12 between the
• the gate capacitor 14 increases the capacitance of the gate connection for the safe blocking of the MOS transistors 11, 12 in the fast discharge operation of the inverter 30 as explained above.
• Each of the gate connections of both transistors 11, 12 leads to an electrical connection to the control unit 34, into each of which a resistor 15, 16 is inserted to limit the current.
• the control unit 34 is connected with a first output connection 23 to the gate connection of the N-MOS FET 12 and the second
• Output terminal 24 of control unit 34 is connected to the gate terminal of P-MOS FET 11.
• the inverter 30 gives a signal via a control connection 33 that the control unit 34 causes the to connect the first connection to a potential slightly above the basic potential, e.g. B. 5V, so that the N-MOSFET switches on safely.
• control unit 34 sets the potential of second output terminal 24 to ground potential.
• control unit 34 switches its first and second
• the control connection of the switching element of the inverter 30 is connected to the source connection of the N-channel MOSFET, so that the latter is switched on.
• the gate-source voltage of the N-channel MOSFET 11 is negative or zero, so that the N-channel MOSFET 11 is switched off. Because the switch-on voltage from the gate driver output stage 20 makes the source potential of the N-channel MOSFET very positive.
• Control unit 34 at the basic potential.
• the switching element of the inverter 30 When the switching element of the inverter 30 is switched on, that is to say with a positive voltage from the gate driver output stage 20, a negative gate-source voltage of the P-channel MOSFET 12 results, so that the latter is switched on.
• the switching element of the inverter 30 when the switching element of the inverter 30 is switched off, the gate-source voltage of the P-channel MOSFET 12 is positive or zero, so that the P-channel MOSFET 12 is switched off.
• the N-channel MOSFET 11 At the beginning of the switching-on process of the switching element of the inverter 30, the N-channel MOSFET 11 is therefore switched on, towards the end of the switching-on process of the control element of the inverter 30, the P-channel MOSFET 12 is switched on. Consequently, during the entire switching-on process of the switching element of the inverter 30, the bridging of the second resistor 27 resulting from the parallel connection of the MOSFET transistors 11, 12 together with the
• the described circuit device 10 for the control of an inverter 30 and for at least two different operating modes with a switchover of the effective resistance of the circuit arrangement 10, which as
• the series resistor of the control connection of the switching element of the inverter acts so that the correct series resistor is set for the functionality of the fast DC link discharge
• Switch-on behavior can be realized in normal mode operation of the inverter 30.
• Switching the control unit 34 to the fast discharge operating mode of the intermediate circuit capacitor is performed e.g. B. by a signal via a
• the input capacitances of the MOSFET transistors 11, 12 are discharged, so that their control voltage (gate-source voltage for MOSFETs) is zero and they are switched off.
• the MOSFET transistors 11, 12 are protected against parasitic switching on as a result of switching operations of the gate driver output stage 20.
• control voltages of the MOSFET transistors 11, 12 thus remain switched off independently of switching operations of the gate driver output stage 20 and thus also independently of the switching state of the controlled inverter 30. Consequently, the gate driver output stage is 20 during all switch-on operations

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)
• Power Conversion In General (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-01-28 DE DE102019201004.0A patent/DE102019201004A1/de active Pending
• 2020
  • 2020-01-16 CN CN202080025083.3A patent/CN113647021B/zh active Active
  • 2020-01-16 EP EP20701018.2A patent/EP3918713A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-01-16 WO PCT/EP2020/050983 patent/WO2020156820A1/de unknown

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