WO2020152170A1 - Hydrophone piézocéramique à revêtement métallique - Google Patents

Hydrophone piézocéramique à revêtement métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020152170A1
WO2020152170A1 PCT/EP2020/051418 EP2020051418W WO2020152170A1 WO 2020152170 A1 WO2020152170 A1 WO 2020152170A1 EP 2020051418 W EP2020051418 W EP 2020051418W WO 2020152170 A1 WO2020152170 A1 WO 2020152170A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shell
outer layer
spherical
piezoceramic
piezoceramic hydrophone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/051418
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Dettmar
Christoph Hadler
Jeroen VAN HEIJST
Jürgen Lindner
Christoph Meyer
Matthias Miesbauer
Stephan Rautenberg
Jan-Philip Schwarz
Ralf Weissbrodt
Claudia Will
Original Assignee
Atlas Elektronik Gmbh
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlas Elektronik Gmbh, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Atlas Elektronik Gmbh
Publication of WO2020152170A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020152170A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
    • G01V1/186—Hydrophones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
    • B06B1/0637—Spherical array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/02—Microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piezoceramic hydrophone, a passive sonar, an overwater vehicle or underwater vehicle comprising the passive sonar according to the invention, a method for producing a piezoceramic hydrophone and the use of the piezoceramic hydrophone.
  • passive sonar systems can also be used for large-scale sea space monitoring. This can be done, for example, to research the migration of whales, but also in military systems.
  • SOSUS system Sound Surveillance System
  • the effectiveness and shielding of the polymer coating largely depends on the connection to the ceramic surface of the hollow sphere. Due to the different material properties of the ceramic surface and the surface of the polymer coating, a primer, an additional adhesion promoter or an intermediate layer is required in many cases. These must ensure a secure, stable and firm connection between the ceramic surface and the polymer coating. Due to the use in a humid, salt water-containing environment, which can also have significant temperature fluctuations, the adhesion promoter or the intermediate layer must also have high long-term stability with regard to chemical and mechanical loads. Any mechanical or chemical stress which, for example, causes a detachment of the polymer coating or damage to the outer layer, would significantly deteriorate the life and effectiveness of the hydrophone.
  • Cr (VI) compounds Various adhesion promoters based on Cr (VI) compounds are known for the stated purpose.
  • the carcinogenic potential of Cr (VI) compounds has been known for a long time. Exposure of the employees to the Cr (VI) compounds cannot be completely ruled out, particularly during the manufacture of the hydrophone. It is also possible to release the Cr (VI) compound during use or maintenance. Cr (VI) connections also make proper later disposal more complex and expensive.
  • the term Cr (VI) compounds refers to compounds of chromium in the oxidation state plus six. This includes salts, complexes, melts and solutions.
  • No. 6,029,113 A discloses the construction of a differential hydrophone comprising a ceramic sphere from two piezoelectric hemispheres. The arrangement enables the Registration of acoustic signals caused by changes in water pressure and their conversion into electrical signals.
  • DE 102 12 291 C1 discloses an underwater antenna with at least one hydrophone and a symmetrical, electrical amplification circuit assigned to the hydrophone.
  • DE 10 2008 029 269 A1 discloses a hydrophone for an underwater antenna, which has two spherical half-shells made of radially polarized, piezoelectric material and an electrode covering the inner and outer shell surfaces.
  • the spherical half-shells are attached with their shell edges mirror-symmetrically to the top and bottom of a carrier side.
  • EP 0 099 643 A2 discloses highly damping polymer composition
  • a towing sonar comprising a tube consisting of the polymer composition mentioned. A large number of hydrophones are arranged within the tube.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a coating for a hydrophone which allows the polymer coating to adhere reliably and reliably to the ceramic surface of the spherical surface of the hydrophone. At the same time, no harmful components should be included or their proportion should be reduced to a minimum.
  • the invention further comprises a passive sonar comprising the piezoceramic hydrophone according to the invention.
  • the invention includes an overwater vehicle or underwater vehicle comprising the passive sonar according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes a method for producing a piezoceramic hydrophone.
  • the invention further includes the use of the piezoceramic hydrophone according to the invention in war and research ships, preferably submarines, ASW (anti-submarine warfare) helicopters, sonar buoys, frigates, destroyers, corvettes, express messengers and / or diving robots.
  • ASW anti-submarine warfare
  • the piezoceramic hydrophone according to the invention comprises at least the following elements.
  • a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell are assembled into a hollow sphere.
  • the expression “spherical half-shell” preferably includes a hemisphere with an internal cavity in the sense of the invention.
  • the inner cavity preferably comprises / forms 10% to 90% of the hemisphere volume.
  • An exemplary structure of a hydrophone can be found, among others, in DE 10 2008 029 269 A1, paragraphs [0018] to [0022].
  • the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell comprise a radial one polarized, piezoelectric material, for example lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
  • PZT lead zirconate titanate
  • the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell have an outer layer.
  • the expression “outer layer” preferably includes an at least partial coating of the spherical half
  • the expression “partially” encompasses a coating preferably of at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 75%, of the surfaces (spherical shells).
  • individual sections of spherical half-shell surfaces of the first spherical half-shell and the second spherical half-shell can be designed without an outer layer (coating) or can be designed with an insulating layer or an insulating element arranged between them.
  • this preferably includes the connecting surface of the two spherical half-shells to one another.
  • the expression “outer layer” preferably comprises a coating on the surface of the spherical half-shell, particularly preferably the inner and outer shell surfaces of the respective spherical half-shell.
  • the outer layer has Cu, Cr and / or TiN, or equivalent to “contains” Cu, Cr, and / or TiN.
  • Cu, Cr or TiN can be contained in pure form, as a compound or as an alloy.
  • the outer layer advantageously contains Cu, Cr or TiN.
  • the outer layer preferably contains at least 10% by weight, particularly preferably at least 50% by weight of Cu, Cr, CuNi, CrN or TiN. In one embodiment, the outer layer consists of either CuNi, Cr, CrN or TiN.
  • the hydrophone according to the invention comprises electrical contacting of the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell.
  • a polymer coating surrounds the hollow sphere (3) and prevents or slows down the penetration of moisture or dirt.
  • the outer layer according to the invention enables the polymer coating to adhere securely and well to the hollow sphere of the piezoceramic hydrophone, even without an additional adhesion promoter.
  • the polymer coating can be in direct (mechanical) contact with the outer
  • Adhesion promoters typically also have corrosion protection, which slows down the corrosion of the outer layer.
  • corrosion is promoted by contact with (salt) water.
  • the polymer coating protects the underlying outer layer from direct contact with the water, but the water can also penetrate the polymer coating, so that contact with the water is not completely avoided.
  • the outer layer should have a material that is inherently less susceptible to corrosion. This material should also be electrically conductive so that the outer layer can be used as an electrode.
  • Cu and its compounds are just as suitable here as Cr and its compounds (for example CrN) as well as TiN.
  • these form a natural corrosion layer (passivation), which protects the outer layer from further corrosion by the water and at least slows this further corrosion or they are generally not subject to very slow corrosion in contact with water.
  • the radially polarized, piezoelectric material comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
  • the outer layer preferably contains CuNi, Cr, CrN, and / or TiN and / or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably CuNi in a proportion of 2% by weight to 30% by weight of Ni.
  • the outer layer thus particularly preferably contains 2% by weight to 30% by weight of Ni in the form of CuNi.
  • the outer layer further preferably contains CuNi, preferably in a proportion of 2% by weight to 30% by weight Ni.
  • the outer layer contains no Si0 2 compounds, particularly preferably no glass-like Si0 2 compounds.
  • the surface is often less homogeneous due to the addition of glass, since the glass often clumps together or forms particles during the sintering process.
  • the polymer coating preferably contains silicones, polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, particularly preferably polyurethanes.
  • the polymer coating particularly preferably contains preservatives, stabilizers (for example oxidation and UV stabilizers, moisturizers (drying agents) and / or plasticizers.
  • the electrical contacting of the first spherical half-shell and the second spherical half-shell preferably takes place via solder joints.
  • the invention furthermore comprises a passive sonar comprising a piezoceramic hydrophone according to the invention as described above.
  • the passive sonar or electro-acoustic underwater antenna is preferably used in underwater and overwater vehicles or sonar buoys. Examples of a corresponding structure, e.g. as a side antenna attached to the outer skin or also an electro-acoustic underwater antenna, can be found in DE 10 2004 037 987 A1 in paragraphs [0013] to [0022]
  • the invention comprises an overwater vehicle or underwater vehicle comprising a passive sonar according to the invention as described above.
  • preferred surface vehicles or submersibles are submarines, submarines with AIP (air-independent propulsion system), ASW (anti-submarine warfare) helicopters, sonar buoys, frigates, destroyers, corvettes, express messengers and / or diving robot.
  • the invention further comprises a method for producing a piezoceramic hydrophone at least comprising the following steps.
  • a first step an outer layer comprising Cu, Cr and / or TiN is applied to a first spherical shell and a second spherical shell.
  • the application can take place, for example, by means of an application using a brush, spraying method, immersion method or also by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) or CVD (chemical vapor deposition).
  • the outer layer is sintered and / or calcined.
  • first spherical shell and the second spherical shell are electrical contact made with the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell before or after the first spherical shell and the second spherical shell have been joined to form a hollow sphere.
  • a polymer coating for example made of polyurethane, is applied around (preferably finally around) the hollow sphere. It can be attached, for example, using a 2K (2 component) casting in an open or closed (casting) mold.
  • the surface of the first spherical half-shell and / or the second spherical half-shell is preferably blasted before the outer layer is applied.
  • the surface of the first spherical half-shell and / or the second spherical half-shell is particularly preferably blasted with corundum (Al 2 O 3 ) before the outer layer is applied.
  • the outer layer is applied using plasma processes, PVD (physical vapor deposition), CVD (chemical vapor deposition), spray processes, immersion processes and / or brush processes.
  • the invention further comprises the use of the above-described piezoceramic hydrophone and / or passive sonar according to the invention in war and research ships, preferably submarines, submarines with AIP (air-independent propulsion) propulsion, ASW (anti-submarine) warfare) helicopters, sonar buoys, frigates, destroyers, corvettes, express messengers and / or diving robots.
  • AIP air-independent propulsion
  • ASW anti-submarine
  • helicopters preferably submarines, submarines with AIP (air-independent propulsion) propulsion, ASW (anti-submarine) warfare) helicopters, sonar buoys, frigates, destroyers, corvettes, express messengers and / or diving robots.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a hydrophone according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the piezoceramic hydrophone according to the invention.
  • a first spherical half-shell (1) and a second spherical half-shell (2) comprising a radially polarized, piezoelectric material (for example lead zirconate titanate (PZT)) are combined to form a hollow sphere (3).
  • the first spherical shell (1) and the second spherical shell (2) have an outer layer (4).
  • the outer layer (4) has (contains) Cu, Cr and / or TiN.
  • individual sections of the spherical half-shell surfaces of the first spherical half-shell (1) and the second spherical half-shell (2) can be designed without an outer layer (4) or have insulating elements / coatings (for example brackets).
  • a Polymer sheathing (6) surrounds the hollow sphere (3) and prevents or slows down the penetration of moisture or dirt.
  • the outer layer (4) according to the invention thus makes it possible to dispense with Cr (VI) compounds with comparable or better durability.
  • An electrical contact (5) is attached to the first spherical half-shell (1) and the second spherical half-shell (2).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un hydrophone piézocéramique comprenant au moins les éléments suivants : une première demi-coque sphérique (1) et une deuxième demi-coque sphérique (2) qui sont assemblées pour former une sphère creuse (3), la première demi-coque sphérique (1) et la deuxième demi-coque sphérique (2) comprenant un matériau piézoélectrique polarisé radialement et la première demi-coque sphérique (1) et la deuxième demi-coque sphérique (2) possédant une couche extérieure (4) ; un contact électrique (5) de la première demi-coque sphérique (1) et de la deuxième demi-coque sphérique (2) ; et un enrobage en polymère (6) de la sphère creuse (3). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que la couche extérieure (4) contient du Cu, du Cr et/ou du TiN.
PCT/EP2020/051418 2019-01-22 2020-01-21 Hydrophone piézocéramique à revêtement métallique WO2020152170A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019200754.6 2019-01-22
DE102019200754.6A DE102019200754A1 (de) 2019-01-22 2019-01-22 Piezokeramisches Hydrophon mit metallischer Beschichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020152170A1 true WO2020152170A1 (fr) 2020-07-30

Family

ID=69190776

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2020/051418 WO2020152170A1 (fr) 2019-01-22 2020-01-21 Hydrophone piézocéramique à revêtement métallique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102019200754A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020152170A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020202773A1 (de) 2020-03-04 2021-09-09 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Wasserschallwandler

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202736A (en) * 1962-11-30 1965-08-24 John J Horan Process for reinforcing open hemispherical transducers
EP0099643A2 (fr) 1982-06-15 1984-02-01 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) Systèmes sonar comprenant compositions de polymères à haute capacité d amortissement
US4517665A (en) * 1980-11-24 1985-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Acoustically transparent hydrophone probe
US6029113A (en) 1998-12-21 2000-02-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Differential hydrophone assembly
US6096842A (en) * 1995-01-24 2000-08-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Aerobically curable adhesive
US6215231B1 (en) * 1998-05-04 2001-04-10 The Penn State Research Foundation Hollow sphere transducers
US6237398B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-05-29 Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. System and method for monitoring pressure, flow and constriction parameters of plumbing and blood vessels
DE10212291C1 (de) 2002-03-20 2003-11-20 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Unterwasserantenne
DE102004037987A1 (de) 2004-08-05 2006-02-23 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Elektroakustische Unterwasserantenne
DE102008029269A1 (de) 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Hydrophon für eine Unterwasserantenne
US7839305B1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2010-11-23 Wallach Morton L Smart sensor systems—submarine marking and sonar detection
US20170245035A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2017-08-24 Intel Corporation DIE WITH INTEGRATED MICROPHONE DEVICE USING THROUGH-SILICON VIAS (TSVs)
DE102016103944A1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Hydrophoneinheit, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Hydrophoneinheit sowie Sonarsystem und Unterwasserfahrzeug damit

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5333568A (en) * 1992-11-17 1994-08-02 America3 Foundation Material for the fabrication of sails
AU2001255845A1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-13 The Penn State Research Foundation A process for fabricating hollow electroactive devices
DE102016104399A1 (de) * 2016-03-10 2017-09-14 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Schallwandler zum senden und/oder empfangen von unterwasserschallsignalen, unterwasserantenne, sonar und wasserfahrzeug

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202736A (en) * 1962-11-30 1965-08-24 John J Horan Process for reinforcing open hemispherical transducers
US4517665A (en) * 1980-11-24 1985-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Acoustically transparent hydrophone probe
EP0099643A2 (fr) 1982-06-15 1984-02-01 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a Delaware corporation) Systèmes sonar comprenant compositions de polymères à haute capacité d amortissement
US6096842A (en) * 1995-01-24 2000-08-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Aerobically curable adhesive
US6237398B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-05-29 Remon Medical Technologies, Ltd. System and method for monitoring pressure, flow and constriction parameters of plumbing and blood vessels
US6215231B1 (en) * 1998-05-04 2001-04-10 The Penn State Research Foundation Hollow sphere transducers
US6029113A (en) 1998-12-21 2000-02-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Differential hydrophone assembly
DE10212291C1 (de) 2002-03-20 2003-11-20 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Unterwasserantenne
US7839305B1 (en) * 2004-02-12 2010-11-23 Wallach Morton L Smart sensor systems—submarine marking and sonar detection
DE102004037987A1 (de) 2004-08-05 2006-02-23 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Elektroakustische Unterwasserantenne
DE102008029269A1 (de) 2008-06-19 2009-12-24 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Hydrophon für eine Unterwasserantenne
US20170245035A1 (en) * 2014-09-17 2017-08-24 Intel Corporation DIE WITH INTEGRATED MICROPHONE DEVICE USING THROUGH-SILICON VIAS (TSVs)
DE102016103944A1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Hydrophoneinheit, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Hydrophoneinheit sowie Sonarsystem und Unterwasserfahrzeug damit

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Publication number Publication date
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