WO2020151617A1 - 一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置 - Google Patents

一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151617A1
WO2020151617A1 PCT/CN2020/072991 CN2020072991W WO2020151617A1 WO 2020151617 A1 WO2020151617 A1 WO 2020151617A1 CN 2020072991 W CN2020072991 W CN 2020072991W WO 2020151617 A1 WO2020151617 A1 WO 2020151617A1
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Prior art keywords
spring group
negative stiffness
stiffness spring
buffer
positive
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PCT/CN2020/072991
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈士通
张茂江
李义强
李锋
张耀辉
王金良
马遥
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石家庄铁道大学
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Publication of WO2020151617A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151617A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a negative stiffness shock absorption and isolation device for continuous beams, which belongs to the technical field of bridge shock absorption and isolation.
  • each joint of continuous beam bridges is often equipped with only one fixed pier, so that most of the longitudinal seismic loads of the superstructure under the action of the earthquake are borne by the fixed piers. It is difficult to meet the seismic requirements of the earthquake resistance, and it also makes the continuous beam bridge's longitudinal seismic displacement response larger, which can easily cause the damage of the expansion joints and supports.
  • Changing the independent state of the fixed piers, giving full play to the seismic potential of the movable piers, and making the movable piers and fixed piers work together to participate in earthquake resistance is an effective method to reduce the seismic response of continuous beams.
  • connection device that locks the movable pier and the beam body at present.
  • the existing devices such as the Lock-up device and the deadlock pin device can realize the locking function of the movable pier and the beam body, but the activation of the locking device is changed.
  • a force transmission path is generated between the main beam and the movable piers, which increases the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge, which leads to a reduction in the seismic period of the entire bridge, which leads to an increase in the seismic response of the entire bridge.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide that when an earthquake occurs, the movable pier and the main girder can be temporarily locked through the locking pin, and the fixed pier can work together to bear the seismic load, and it can also reduce the difference between the movable pier and the main girder. It is a negative stiffness shock-absorbing and isolating device for continuous beams to improve the bearing capacity of the structure.
  • the invention includes a trigger device, a sliding device, a buffer device, a fixing device, a positive stiffness spring group and a negative stiffness spring group; the top of the trigger device is fixedly connected with the lower wing plate of the continuous beam main beam, and the buffer device is fixedly installed in the middle of the fixing device ; The inner side of the sliding device is connected with the buffer device through a negative stiffness spring group, and both sides of the sliding device are connected with a fixing device through a positive stiffness spring group. The sliding device moves in the direction of tension and compression of the positive stiffness spring group, and the fixing device is fixed on the top of the movable pier. .
  • the trigger device of the present invention includes a groove plate and several cylindrical sleeves installed at the bottom of the groove plate.
  • the top of the groove plate is fixedly connected with the lower wing plate of the main beam of the continuous beam bridge, and a locking device is arranged in the cylindrical sleeve
  • the side wall of the cylindrical sleeve is provided with a slot;
  • the locking device includes a cylindrical connector installed in the slot and a lock installed between the two corresponding cylindrical connectors and arranged in the cylindrical sleeve Dead pin;
  • the deadlocking pin is a cylinder;
  • the inner wall of the cylindrical sleeve and the outer wall of the deadlocking pin are provided with a gap.
  • the fixing device of the present invention includes a base, a corbel and a limiting device; the corbel is fixedly installed on the top surface of the end of the base, and the limiting device includes a limiting slot fixed on the outside of the base and a limiting slot provided There is a slidable trough-shaped sliding block inside, a limit groove restricts the lateral displacement of the sliding device, and the groove-shaped sliding block makes the sliding device move along the tension and compression direction of the positive stiffness spring group; the base is installed on the top of the movable pier.
  • the buffer device of the present invention includes a buffer groove body and a semi-cylinder; the buffer groove body is installed in the middle of the top surface of the base, the semi-cylinders are arranged in two rows in the grooves of the buffer groove body, and the semi-cylindrical rectangular side and the buffer groove The inner wall is fixedly connected.
  • the sliding device of the present invention includes an inverted U-shaped frame and a buffer frame;
  • the inverted U-shaped frame includes a frame body and a locking slot provided on the top plate of the frame body, the frame body straddles the buffer groove body and is fixed at the bottom Installed in the groove of the trough-shaped slider;
  • the two sides of the frame body vertical plate are respectively connected to the corbels through the positive stiffness springs of the positive stiffness spring group, and the inner side walls of the frame body vertical plate are respectively passed through the negative stiffness spring groups.
  • the stiffness spring is connected to the outside of the buffer tank.
  • each positive stiffness spring are hinged with the frame body and the corbel, and the two ends of each negative stiffness spring are hinged with the frame body and the outside of the buffer tank.
  • the limit groove is restricted.
  • the lateral displacement of the frame body, the slotted slider enables the frame body to move in the direction of tension and compression of the positive stiffness spring assembly;
  • the number of locking slots matches the number of locking pins, and the inner diameter of the locking slot is slightly larger than the diameter of the locking pin; corresponding
  • the distance between the axis of the locking slot and the axis of the locking pin is L;
  • the buffer frame includes a number of metal cylinders and a connecting plate installed between two adjacent metal cylinders, and the metal cylinders are fixedly installed on the inverted U At the bottom of the top plate of the shaped frame, the buffer frame is inserted between two rows of semi-cylinders.
  • the radius of the semi-cylinder of the present invention is the same as that of the metal cylinder, and the semi-cylinder is tangent to the corresponding metal cylinder; the material of the metal cylinder is Q235 alloy steel, and the material of the semi-cylinder is mild steel.
  • the metal cylinder reciprocates between two rows of half-cylinders, and the deformation of the squeezed half-cylinder dissipates seismic energy.
  • the cylindrical connector of the present invention includes a connecting column fixed to the outer side of the locking pin and a handle fixedly installed at the outer end of the connecting column.
  • the diameter of the connecting column is smaller than the width of the slot, and the handle diameter is larger than the width of the slot.
  • the positive stiffness springs of the positive stiffness spring set of the present invention are in the original length state, the longitudinal seismic action sliding device and the fixing device are relatively displaced, and the positive stiffness springs on both sides of the frame body vertical plate are respectively deformed in tension and compression ,
  • the upper seismic load is transmitted to the movable pier, and the positive stiffness spring group can dissipate seismic energy while deforming and transmitting;
  • the negative stiffness spring group is under compression during normal operation, storing part of the elastic potential energy, and is in an inactive state, Negative stiffness is not provided; when the longitudinal seismic action of the sliding device and the fixed device are relatively displaced, the direction of the seismic load action is opposite to the direction of the compression deformation of the negative stiffness spring group, so that the compression deformation becomes smaller and the stored elastic potential energy is released.
  • the negative stiffness spring group provides the spring force consistent with the relative displacement direction, and realizes the negative stiffness connection of the shock-absorbing and isolating device.
  • the reasonable setting of the parameters of the positive stiffness spring group and the negative stiffness spring group can avoid the connection between the movable pier and the beam body.
  • the movable pier and the fixed pier can jointly withstand the seismic horizontal load to maximize the seismic performance of the continuous beam bridge; under the reciprocating action of the earthquake, slip
  • the positive and negative stiffness of the negative stiffness spring group spring and the positive stiffness spring group can be exchanged according to the relative positions of the two.
  • the top of the trough plate is fixedly connected to the lower wing plate of the main girder of the continuous beam bridge, and the base is fixed on the top of the movable pier of the continuous beam bridge; a certain distance L between the locking pin and the locking slot is reserved to meet the normal operating conditions of the bridge
  • the trigger device and the top plate of the sliding device can slide freely, and the relative displacement between the main beam structure and the movable pier is not restricted.
  • the negative stiffness spring group is in a compressed state
  • the positive stiffness spring group is in the original length state
  • the metal cylinder is tangent to the semi-cylinder
  • the negative stiffness spring group is not activated and does not provide negative stiffness.
  • the locking pin in the trigger device falls into the locking slot to realize the temporary locking of the main beam and the movable pier, and then drives the relative displacement of the sliding device and the fixing device.
  • the upper seismic load is transferred to the movable pier to realize the coordinated bearing of the fixed pier and the movable pier.
  • the positive stiffness spring group deforms and dissipates the seismic energy.
  • the direction of the seismic load is opposite to the compression deformation direction of the preloaded negative stiffness spring group. Make its compression deformation smaller and release the stored elastic potential energy.
  • the negative stiffness spring group provides the spring force consistent with the relative displacement direction to realize the negative stiffness connection of the shock absorber and isolation device.
  • the parameters of the positive stiffness spring group and the negative stiffness spring group are set reasonably Under the premise of avoiding the increase in the overall seismic response of the continuous beam bridge caused by the increase in the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the connection of the movable pier and the beam body, the movable pier and the fixed pier can jointly bear the seismic horizontal load to maximize the continuous Seismic performance of beam bridge. Under the reciprocating action of an earthquake, reciprocating movement will occur between the sliding device and the fixed device. During the reciprocating movement, the positive and negative stiffness of the negative stiffness spring group and the positive stiffness spring group can be exchanged according to the relative positions of the two, and then the entire earthquake occurs.
  • the plate-shaped member moves between the two rows of half-cylinders in the buffer device, and the half-cylinder is extruded to make it Deformation consumes energy.
  • the diameter of the locking pin of the invention is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical sleeve, the diameter of the locking slot is slightly larger than the diameter of the locking pin, the cylindrical sleeve does not contact the inverted U-shaped frame, and the bottom surface of the locking pin is in smooth contact with the top surface of the inverted U-shaped frame.
  • the radius of the half-cylinder is equal to the radius of the metal cylinder, and the half-cylinder is set tangentially to the corresponding metal cylinder to achieve the purpose of squeezing deformation and energy consumption during earthquake action; locking pin and locking
  • the distance of the slot hole is L to meet the longitudinal displacement requirements of the bridge under normal operating conditions.
  • the locking pin falls into the locking slot hole, which then drives the sliding device and fixing
  • the device undergoes relative displacement, and transmits the upper seismic load to the movable pier to realize the coordinated bearing of the fixed pier and the movable pier.
  • the positive stiffness spring group deforms and transfers the force while dissipating the seismic energy, using the direction of the seismic load action and the negative stiffness spring group compression
  • the direction of deformation is opposite, so that the compression deformation becomes smaller and the stored elastic potential energy is released.
  • the negative stiffness spring group provides the spring force consistent with the relative displacement direction, realizing the negative stiffness connection of the shock absorption device, through the positive stiffness spring group and the negative stiffness spring
  • the reasonable setting of the group parameters can avoid the increase in the overall seismic response of the continuous beam bridge caused by the increase in the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the connection of the movable pier and the beam body, and realize the movable pier and the fixed pier to bear the seismic horizontal load in coordination. Maximize the seismic performance of the continuous beam bridge. Under the reciprocating action of the earthquake, the sliding device and the fixed device will reciprocate.
  • the positive and negative stiffness of the negative stiffness spring group and the positive stiffness spring group can be based on the relative position of the two Exchange occurred, and then avoid the problem of increased seismic response caused by the increase of the stiffness of the whole bridge caused by the joint bearing of the seismic load by the movable pier and the fixed pier during the entire earthquake.
  • the buffer frame and the semi-cylinder squeeze each other to make the half The cylinder deforms and consumes energy.
  • the invention can avoid the increase of the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the connection of the movable pier and the beam body and improve the seismic performance of the overall structure.
  • the invention is simple in principle, economical and reliable. It not only realizes that the movable pier and the fixed pier can bear the seismic horizontal load in coordination, but also solves the problem of the increase of the integral anti-side displacement rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the intervention of the existing beam pier locking device, thereby causing the continuous beam bridge
  • the overall seismic response greatly increases the problem, which can be used for the seismic design of new continuous beams and the seismic reinforcement of existing continuous beam bridges, which is convenient for popularization and application.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trigger device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inverted U-shaped frame of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer frame of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the relative position of the buffer frame and the semi-cylinder of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention under the action of a longitudinal earthquake.
  • 1 trigger device 101 slot plate, 102 cylindrical sleeve, 103 locking pin, 104 cylindrical connector, 105 slot
  • 2 sliding device 201 inverted U-shaped frame, 211 frame, 212 lock Slot, 202 buffer frame, 221 metal cylinder, 222 connecting plate
  • 3 buffer device 301 buffer tank, 302 semi-cylinder
  • 4 fixing device 401 base, 402 corbel, 403 limit device, 431 limit slot , 432 groove type slider, 5 positive stiffness spring group, 6 negative stiffness spring group
  • the present invention includes a trigger device 1, a sliding device 2, a buffer device 3, a fixing device 4, a positive stiffness spring group 5 and a negative stiffness spring group 6; the top of the trigger device 1 and the continuous beam main beam
  • the lower wing plate is fixedly connected, and the buffer device 3 is fixedly installed in the middle of the fixing device 4; the inner side of the sliding device 2 is connected to the buffer device 3 through a negative stiffness spring group 6; the sides of the sliding device 2 are connected to the fixing device through a positive stiffness spring group 5 4 is connected, the sliding device 2 moves along the tension and compression direction of the positive stiffness spring group 5, and the fixing device 4 is fixed on the top of the movable pier.
  • the trigger device 1 of the present invention includes a groove plate 101 and a number of cylindrical sleeves 102 installed at the bottom of the groove plate 101.
  • the top of the groove plate 101 is fixedly connected to the lower wing plate of the main beam of the continuous beam bridge.
  • a locking device is arranged in the cylindrical sleeve 102; the side wall of the cylindrical sleeve 102 is provided with a slot 105; the slot 105 is a combination of a semicircle at the upper end, a semicircle at the lower end and a rectangle in the middle.
  • the locking device includes a cylindrical connector 104 installed in the slot 105 and a locking pin 103 installed between the two corresponding cylindrical connectors 104 and arranged in the cylindrical sleeve 102.
  • the locking pin 103 is a cylinder; a gap is provided between the inner wall of the cylindrical sleeve 102 and the outer wall of the locking pin 103, that is, the diameter of the locking pin 103 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical sleeve 102.
  • the cylindrical connecting piece 104 includes a connecting column fixed to the outside of the locking pin 103 and a handle fixedly installed at the outer end of the connecting column. The diameter of the connecting column is smaller than the width of the slot 105, and the handle diameter is larger than the width of the slot 105 .
  • the locking pin 103 can slide freely in the slot 105. When the locking pin 104 slides down, the sliding displacement is limited by the connecting column so that it will not be separated from the cylindrical sleeve 102, and the locking pin can be lifted by lifting the handle after the earthquake stops. return.
  • the fixing device 4 of the present invention includes a base 401, a corbel 402 and a limiting device 403; the corbel 402 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the end of the base 401
  • the limiting device 403 includes a limiting slot 431 fixed on the outside of the base 401 and a trough-shaped sliding block 432 slidable in the limiting slot 431.
  • the limiting slot 431 limits the lateral displacement of the sliding device 2.
  • the sliding block 432 makes the sliding device 2 move in the direction of tension and compression of the positive stiffness spring group 5; the base 401 is installed on the top of the movable pier.
  • the buffer device 3 of the present invention includes a buffer tank body 301 and a semi-cylindrical body 302; the buffer tank body 301 is installed in the middle of the top surface of the base 401, and the semi-cylinder body 302 is arranged in two rows in the groove of the buffer tank body 301.
  • the rectangular side surface of the cylinder 302 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the buffer tank 301.
  • the sliding device 2 of the present invention includes an inverted U-shaped frame 201 and a buffer frame 202; the inverted U-shaped frame 201 includes a frame body 211 and a locking slot 212 provided on the top plate of the frame body 211.
  • the buffer groove body 301 and its bottom are fixed in the groove of the groove-shaped slider 432; the two sides of the vertical plate of the frame body 211 are respectively connected with the corbel 402 through the positive stiffness springs of the positive stiffness spring group 5, and the frame body 211 stands
  • the inner side walls of the plate are respectively connected to the outside of the buffer tank 301 through the negative stiffness springs of the negative stiffness spring group 6, the two ends of each positive stiffness spring are connected to the frame body 211 and the corbel 402, and the two ends of each negative stiffness spring are connected to the frame.
  • the body 211 vertical plate and the outside of the buffer tank body 301 are hinged, the limit groove 431 restricts the lateral displacement of the frame body 211, and the grooved slider 432 enables the frame body 211 to move in the direction of tension and compression of the positive stiffness spring assembly; locking groove
  • the number of holes 212 matches the number of deadlock pins 103.
  • the inner diameter of the locking slot 212 is slightly larger than the diameter of the deadlock pin 103; the distance between the axis of the corresponding locking slot 212 and the axis of the deadlock pin 103 is L to meet the requirements of the bridge.
  • the buffer frame 202 of the present invention includes a plurality of metal cylinders 221 and a connecting plate 222 installed between two adjacent metal cylinders 221.
  • the metal cylinder 221 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the top plate of the inverted U-shaped frame 201, and the buffer frame 202 is inserted between the two rows of semi-cylinders 302, and the semi-cylinders 302 are arranged tangentially to the corresponding metal cylinders 221 to achieve the best deformation and energy dissipation effect; the radius of the semi-cylinders 302 and the metal cylinders 221 has the same radius.
  • the metal cylinder 221 is made of Q235 alloy steel, and the semi-cylinder 302 is made of mild steel. Under the action of a longitudinal earthquake, the metal cylinder 221 reciprocates between the two rows of semi-cylinders 302 and squeezes the semi-cylinder 302 to deform. Dissipate seismic energy.
  • the positive stiffness springs of the positive stiffness spring group 5 of the present invention are in their original length state, the longitudinal seismic action sliding device 2 and the fixing device 4 are relatively displaced, and the frame body 211 stands on both sides Each positive stiffness spring on the side is deformed in tension and compression, and transmits the upper seismic load to the movable pier.
  • the positive stiffness spring group 5 deforms and transmits force while dissipating seismic energy; the negative stiffness spring group 6 is under compression during normal operation State, stores part of the elastic potential energy, in an inactive state, and does not provide negative stiffness; when the longitudinal seismic action of the sliding device 2 and the fixing device 4 undergo relative displacement, the direction of the seismic load action is related to the compression deformation of the negative stiffness spring group 6 In the opposite direction, the compression deformation becomes smaller and the stored elastic potential energy is released.
  • the negative stiffness spring group 6 provides the spring force consistent with the relative displacement direction to realize the negative stiffness connection of the shock-absorbing and isolating device.
  • the positive stiffness spring group 5 and the negative stiffness Reasonable setting of the 6 parameters of the spring group can avoid the increase in the overall seismic response of the continuous beam bridge caused by the increase in the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the connection of the movable pier and the beam body, and realize the movable pier and the fixed pier to bear the seismic horizontal load in concert , In order to maximize the seismic performance of the continuous beam bridge; under the reciprocating action of the earthquake, the sliding device 2 and the fixing device 4 will reciprocate. During the reciprocating movement, the positive and negative of the negative stiffness spring group spring 6 and the positive stiffness spring group 5 The stiffness can be interchanged according to the relative position of the two.
  • the top of the groove plate 101 of the present invention is fixedly connected with the lower wing plate of the main girder of the continuous beam bridge, the base 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the movable pier of the continuous beam bridge, and a certain distance L is reserved between the locking pin 103 and the locking slot 212,
  • the top plates of the trigger device 1 and the sliding device 2 can slide freely, and the relative displacement between the main girder structure and the movable pier is not restricted.
  • the negative stiffness spring group 6 is in a compressed state, the positive stiffness spring group 5 is in the original length state, the semi-cylinder 302 is tangent to the metal cylinder 221, and the negative stiffness spring group 6 is not activated and does not provide negative stiffness.
  • the locking pin 103 falls into the locking slot 212 to realize the temporary locking of the main beam and the movable pier, and then drives the sliding device 2 and the fixing device 4 to undergo relative displacement.
  • the upper seismic load is transmitted to the movable pier to realize the coordinated bearing of the fixed pier and the movable pier.
  • the positive stiffness spring group 5 deforms and transfers the force while dissipating seismic energy.
  • the seismic load is opposite to the negative stiffness spring group 6 compression deformation direction, so The compression deformation of the negative stiffness spring group 6 becomes smaller to release the stored elastic potential energy.
  • the negative stiffness spring group 6 provides spring force consistent with the relative displacement direction to realize the negative stiffness connection of the shock-absorbing and isolating device.
  • the positive stiffness spring group 5 and the negative stiffness The reasonable setting of parameter 6 of the spring group can avoid the increase in the overall seismic response of the continuous beam bridge caused by the increase in the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the connection of the movable pier and the beam body, and realize the movable pier and the fixed pier to bear the seismic horizontal load in concert , To maximize the seismic performance of continuous beam bridges. Under the reciprocating action of the earthquake, the sliding device 2 and the fixing device 4 will reciprocate.
  • the positive and negative stiffness of the negative stiffness spring group 6 and the positive stiffness spring group 5 can be exchanged according to the relative positions of the two, and then To avoid the increase in seismic response caused by the increase of the rigidity of the whole bridge caused by the joint bearing of the seismic load by the movable pier and the fixed pier during the entire earthquake occurrence process, the buffer frame 202 moves between the two rows of semi-cylinders 302 and squeezes the semi-cylinder 302 Deformation consumes energy.
  • the invention can avoid the increase of the overall rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the connection of the movable pier and the beam body, and improve the seismic performance of the overall structure.
  • the invention is simple in principle, economical and reliable. It not only realizes that the movable pier and the fixed pier can bear the seismic horizontal load in coordination, but also solves the problem of the increase of the integral anti-side displacement rigidity of the continuous beam bridge caused by the intervention of the existing beam pier locking device, thereby causing the continuous beam bridge
  • the overall seismic response greatly increases the problem, which can be used for the seismic design of new continuous beams and the seismic reinforcement of existing continuous beam bridges, which is convenient for popularization and application.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其包括触发装置、滑移装置、缓冲装置、固定装置、正刚度弹簧组以及负刚度弹簧组；触发装置顶部与连续梁主梁下翼板固定连接，缓冲装置固定安装在固定装置中部；滑移装置内侧通过负刚度弹簧组与缓冲装置连接，滑移装置两侧通过正刚度弹簧组与固定装置连接，固定装置固定在活动墩顶部；本发明原理简单，经济可靠，既实现了活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，又解决了既有梁墩锁定装置介入导致的连续梁桥整体抗侧移刚度增大，从而引发连续梁桥整体地震响应大幅增加问题，可用于新建连续梁抗震设计及既有连续梁桥抗震加固，便于推广应用。

Description

一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，属于桥梁减隔震技术领域。
背景技术
为满足温度荷载、徐变等作用引起的变位需要，连续梁桥的每一联往往仅设置一个固定墩，致使地震作用下绝大部分的上部结构纵向地震荷载都由固定墩承受，固定墩的抗震能力难以满足抗震需求，而且也使得连续梁桥纵向地震位移响应较大，极易引起伸缩缝和支座的破坏。改变固定墩单独受力的状态，充分发挥活动墩的抗震潜能，使活动墩与固定墩协同作用，共同参与抗震，是减小连续梁地震响应行之有效的方法。但是目前使活动墩与梁体锁定的连接装置存在一些问题，如Lock-up装置、锁死销装置等现有装置虽然可以实现活动墩和梁体的锁死功能，但是锁死装置的激活改变了连续梁桥的结构体系，主梁与活动墩之间产生传力途径，使连续梁桥的整体刚度增大，导致整桥地震周期减小，从而引发整桥的地震响应增大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供地震突发时，既可以通过锁死销使活动墩与主梁结构临时锁定，与固定墩协同作用共同承受地震荷载，又可以减小活动墩与主梁之间的连接刚度，提高结构承载能力的连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明包括触发装置、滑移装置、缓冲装置、固定装置、正刚度弹簧组以及负刚度弹簧组；所述触发装置顶部与连续梁主梁下翼板固定连接，缓冲装置固定安装在固定装置中部；滑移装置内侧通过负刚度弹簧组与缓冲装置连接，滑移装置两侧通过正刚度弹簧组与固定装置连接，滑移装置顺正刚度弹簧组拉压方向移动，固定装置固定在活动墩顶部。
本发明所述触发装置包括槽板以及安装在槽板底部的若干个圆柱套筒，所述槽板顶部与连续梁桥主梁下翼板固定连接，在所述圆柱套筒内设置锁 死装置；所述圆柱套筒侧壁设置开槽；所述锁死装置包括安装在开槽内的柱形连接件以及安装在对应的两个柱形连接件之间且设置在圆柱套筒内的锁死销；所述锁死销为柱体；所述圆柱套筒内侧壁与锁死销外壁之间间隙设置。
本发明所述固定装置包括底座、牛腿和限位装置；所述牛腿固定安装在底座的端部顶面，所述限位装置包括固定在底座外侧的限位槽和设置在限位槽内可滑动的槽型滑块，限位槽限制滑移装置的侧向位移,槽型滑块使滑移装置顺正刚度弹簧组拉压方向移动；所述底座安装在活动墩顶部。
本发明所述缓冲装置包括缓冲槽体和半圆柱体；所述缓冲槽体安装在底座顶面中部，半圆柱体呈两列设置在缓冲槽体的槽内，半圆柱体矩形侧面与缓冲槽体内侧壁固定连接。
本发明所述滑移装置包括倒U形架和缓冲架；所述倒U形架包括架体和设置在架体顶板上的锁定槽孔，架体跨过所述缓冲槽体且其底部固定安装在槽型滑块的槽内；架体立板的两侧边分别通过正刚度弹簧组的各正刚度弹簧与牛腿连接，架体立板的内侧壁分别通过负刚度弹簧组的各负刚度弹簧与缓冲槽体外侧相连，各正刚度弹簧的两端与架体立板和牛腿、各负刚度弹簧的两端与架体立板和缓冲槽体外侧均为铰连，限位槽限制架体的侧向位移，槽型滑块使架体能顺正刚度弹簧组拉压方向移动；锁定槽孔的数量与锁死销数量相匹配，锁定槽孔内径略大于锁死销直径；对应的锁定槽孔的轴线与锁死销的轴线的距离为L；所述缓冲架包括若干个金属圆柱体以及安装在相邻两个金属圆柱体之间的连接板，金属圆柱体固定安装在倒U形架的顶板底部，缓冲架插装在两列半圆柱体之间。
本发明所述半圆柱体的半径与金属圆柱体半径相同，且半圆柱体与对应的金属圆柱体相切；金属圆柱体材质为Q235合金钢，半圆柱体材质为软钢，纵向地震作用下金属圆柱体在两列半圆柱体之间往复运动，挤压半圆柱体变形耗散地震能量。
本发明所述柱形连接件包括与锁死销外侧固定的连接柱以及固定安装在连接柱外端部的把手，所述连接柱直径小于开槽的宽度，把手直径大于开槽的宽度。
本发明所述正刚度弹簧组的各正刚度弹簧处于原长状态，纵向地震作用下滑移装置与固定装置发生相对变位，架体立板两侧边的各正刚度弹簧分别发生拉压变形，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩，正刚度弹簧组变形传力的同时可耗散地震能量；所述负刚度弹簧组正常运营时处于受压状态，储 存部分弹性势能，处于未被激活状态，不提供负刚度；当纵向地震作用下滑移装置与固定装置发生相对变位时，地震荷载作用的方向与负刚度弹簧组压缩形变的方向相反，使其压缩形变变小释放储存的弹性势能，负刚度弹簧组提供与相对位移方向一致的弹簧力，实现减隔震装置的负刚度连接，通过正刚度弹簧组和负刚度弹簧组参数的合理设置，可在避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大引发的连续梁桥整体地震响应增加的前提下，实现活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，以最大限度的提高连续梁桥抗震性能；地震往复作用下，滑移装置与固定装置之间将发生往复运动，往复运动过程中负刚度弹簧组弹簧和正刚度弹簧组的正负刚度可根据两者相对位置发生互换。
本发明的工作原理如下：
正常运营状态下，槽板顶部与连续梁桥主梁下翼板固定连接，底座固定于连续梁桥活动墩顶部；锁死销与锁定槽孔预留一定距离L，以满足桥梁正常运营状态下的纵向变位需求，触发装置与滑移装置顶板之间可以自由滑动，不限制主梁结构和活动墩之间的相对位移。负刚度弹簧组处于受压状态，正刚度弹簧组处于原长状态，金属圆柱体与半圆柱体相切，负刚度弹簧组未被激活，不提供负刚度。
当地震突发，梁墩相对位移超过L时，触发装置中的锁死销下落到锁定槽孔内，实现主梁与活动墩的临时锁定，继而带动滑移装置与固定装置发生相对变位，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩，实现固定墩和活动墩的协同承载，同时正刚度弹簧组变形传力并耗散地震能量，地震荷载的方向与预压负刚度弹簧组压缩形变的方向相反，使其压缩形变变小释放储存的弹性势能，负刚度弹簧组提供与相对位移方向一致的弹簧力，实现减隔震装置的负刚度连接，通过正刚度弹簧组和负刚度弹簧组参数的合理设置，可在避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大引发的连续梁桥整体地震响应增加的前提下，实现活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，以最大限度的提高连续梁桥抗震性能。地震往复作用下，滑移装置与固定装置之间将发生往复运动，往复运动过程中负刚度弹簧组和正刚度弹簧组的正负刚度可根据两者相对位置发生互换，继而在整个地震发生过程中避免活动墩和固定墩协同承载地震荷载导致的整桥刚度增大而引发的地震响应增大问题，板形构件在缓冲装置中的两排半圆柱体间运动，挤压半圆柱体使其变形耗能。
本发明积极效果如下：
本发明锁死销直径略小于圆柱套筒的内径，锁定槽孔直径略大于锁死销直径，圆柱套筒与倒U形架不接触，锁死销底面与倒U形架顶面光滑接触，以保证其能顺利滑落；半圆柱体的半径与金属圆柱体半径相等，且半圆柱体与对应的金属圆柱体相切设置，实现地震作用时挤压变形耗能的目的；锁死销与锁定槽孔的距离为L，以满足桥梁正常运营状态下的纵向变位需求，当地震突发，梁墩相对位移超过L时，锁死销下落到锁定槽孔内，继而带动滑移装置与固定装置发生相对变位，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩实现固定墩和活动墩的协同承载，正刚度弹簧组变形传力的同时耗散地震能量，利用地震荷载作用的方向与负刚度弹簧组压缩形变的方向相反，使其压缩形变变小释放储存的弹性势能，负刚度弹簧组提供与相对位移方向一致的弹簧力，实现减隔震装置的负刚度连接，通过正刚度弹簧组和负刚度弹簧组参数的合理设置，可在避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大引发的连续梁桥整体地震响应增加的前提下，实现活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，以最大限度的提高连续梁桥抗震性能，地震往复作用下，滑移装置与固定装置之间将发生往复运动，往复运动过程中负刚度弹簧组和正刚度弹簧组的正负刚度可根据两者相对位置发生互换，继而在整个地震发生过程中避免活动墩和固定墩协同承载地震荷载导致的整桥刚度增大而引发的地震响应增大问题，同时，缓冲架与半圆柱体相互挤压使半圆柱体变形耗能。本发明在实现临时锁定活动墩使其与固定墩协同作用的同时，又能避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大，提高整体结构的抗震性能。
本发明原理简单，经济可靠，既实现了活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，又解决了既有梁墩锁定装置介入导致的连续梁桥整体抗侧移刚度增大，从而引发连续梁桥整体地震响应大幅增加问题，可用于新建连续梁抗震设计及既有连续梁桥抗震加固，便于推广应用。
附图说明
附图1为本发明结构示意图；
附图2为本发明触发装置结构示意图；
附图3为本发明倒U形架结构示意图；
附图4为本发明的缓冲架结构示意图；
附图5为本发明缓冲架和半圆柱体相对位置结构示意图；
附图6为本发明固定装置结构示意图；
附图7为本发明在纵向地震作用下发挥作用时的剖面结构示意图。
在附图中：1触发装置、101槽板、102圆柱套筒、103锁死销、104柱形连接件、105开槽；2滑移装置、201倒U形架、211架体、212锁定槽孔、202缓冲架、221金属圆柱体、222连接板；3缓冲装置、301缓冲槽体、302半圆柱体；4固定装置、401底座、402牛腿、403限位装置、431限位槽、432槽型滑块、5正刚度弹簧组、6负刚度弹簧组
具体实施方式
如附图1所示，本发明包括触发装置1、滑移装置2、缓冲装置3、固定装置4、正刚度弹簧组5以及负刚度弹簧组6；所述触发装置1顶部与连续梁主梁下翼板固定连接，缓冲装置3固定安装在固定装置4中部；滑移装置2内侧通过负刚度弹簧组6与缓冲装置3连接，滑移装置2两侧边通过正刚度弹簧组5与固定装置4连接，滑移装置2顺正刚度弹簧组5拉压方向移动，固定装置4固定在活动墩顶部。
如附图2所示，本发明所述触发装置1包括槽板101以及安装在槽板101底部的若干个圆柱套筒102，所述槽板101顶部与连续梁桥主梁下翼板固定连接，在所述圆柱套筒102内设置锁死装置；所述圆柱套筒102侧壁设置开槽105；开槽105为上端半圆、下端半圆以及中间矩形组合的形状。所述锁死装置包括安装在开槽105内的柱形连接件104以及安装在对应的两个柱形连接件104之间且设置在圆柱套筒102内的锁死销103，所述锁死销103为柱体；所述圆柱套筒102内侧壁与锁死销103外壁之间间隙设置，即锁死销103直径略小于圆柱套筒102的内径。所述柱形连接件104包括与锁死销103外侧固定的连接柱以及固定安装在连接柱外端部的把手，所述连接柱直径小于开槽105的宽度，把手直径大于开槽105的宽度。锁死销103在开槽105内可以自由滑动，在锁死销104下滑时通过连接柱限制下滑位移，使其不与圆柱套筒102脱离，并在地震停止后能通过提升把手使锁死销回位。
如附图1、3、4、5、6所示，本发明所述固定装置4包括底座401、牛腿402和限位装置403；所述牛腿402固定安装在底座401的端部顶面，所述限位装置403包括固定在底座401外侧的限位槽431和设置在限位槽431内可滑动的槽型滑块432，限位槽431限制滑移装置2的侧向位移,槽型滑块432使滑移装置2顺正刚度弹簧组5拉压方向移动；所述底座401安装在活动墩顶部。
本发明所述缓冲装置3包括缓冲槽体301和半圆柱体302；所述缓冲槽体301安装在底座401顶面中部，半圆柱体302呈两列设置在缓冲槽体301的槽内，半圆柱体302矩形侧面与缓冲槽体301内侧壁固定连接。
本发明所述滑移装置2包括倒U形架201和缓冲架202；所述倒U形架201包括架体211和设置在架体211顶板上的锁定槽孔212，架体211跨过所述缓冲槽体301且其底部固定在槽型滑块432的槽内；架体211立板的两侧边分别通过正刚度弹簧组5的各正刚度弹簧与牛腿402连接，架体211立板的内侧壁分别通过负刚度弹簧组6的各负刚度弹簧与缓冲槽体301外侧相连，各正刚度弹簧的两端与架体211立板和牛腿402、各负刚度弹簧的两端与架体211立板和缓冲槽体301外侧均为铰连，限位槽431限制架体211的侧向位移，槽型滑块432使架体211能顺正刚度弹簧组拉压方向移动；锁定槽孔212的数量与锁死销103数量相匹配，锁定槽孔212内径略大于锁死销103直径；对应的锁定槽孔212的轴线与锁死销103的轴线的距离为L，以满足桥梁正常运营状态下的纵向变位需求；当地震突发，梁墩相对位移超过L时，触发装置1中的锁死销103下落到锁定槽孔212内，继而带动滑移装置2与固定装置4发生相对变位，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩实现固定墩和活动墩的协同承载。
本发明所述缓冲架202包括若干个金属圆柱体221以及安装在相邻两个金属圆柱体221之间的连接板222，金属圆柱体221固定安装在倒U形架201的顶板底部，缓冲架202插装在两列半圆柱体302之间，半圆柱体302与对应的金属圆柱体221相切设置，以达到最好的变形耗能效果；所述半圆柱体302的半径与金属圆柱体221半径相同，金属圆柱体221材质为Q235合金钢，半圆柱体302材质为软钢，纵向地震作用下金属圆柱体221在两列半圆柱体302之间往复运动，挤压半圆柱体302变形耗散地震能量。
如附图7所示，本发明所述正刚度弹簧组5的各正刚度弹簧处于原长状态，纵向地震作用下滑移装置2与固定装置4发生相对变位，架体211立板两侧边的各正刚度弹簧分别发生拉压变形，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩，正刚度弹簧组5变形传力的同时可耗散地震能量；所述负刚度弹簧组6正常运营时处于受压状态，储存部分弹性势能，处于未被激活状态，不提供负刚度；当纵向地震作用下滑移装置2与固定装置4发生相对变位时，地震荷载作用的方向与负刚度弹簧组6压缩形变的方向相反，使其压缩形变变小释放储存的弹性势能，负刚度弹簧组6提供与相对位移方向一致的弹簧力，实现减隔震装置的负刚度连接，通过正刚度弹簧组5和负刚度弹 簧组6参数的合理设置，可在避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大引发的连续梁桥整体地震响应增加的前提下，实现活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，以最大限度的提高连续梁桥抗震性能；地震往复作用下，滑移装置2与固定装置4之间将发生往复运动，往复运动过程中负刚度弹簧组弹簧6和正刚度弹簧组5的正负刚度可根据两者相对位置发生互换。
正常运营状态下，本发明槽板101顶部与连续梁桥主梁下翼板固定连接，底座3固定安装在连续梁桥活动墩顶部，锁死销103与锁定槽孔212预留一定距离L，以满足桥梁正常运营状态下的纵向变位需求，触发装置1与滑移装置2的顶板之间可以自由滑动，不限制主梁结构和活动墩之间的相对位移。负刚度弹簧组6处于受压状态，正刚度弹簧组5处于原长状态，半圆柱体302与金属圆柱体221相切，负刚度弹簧组6未被激活，不提供负刚度。
当地震突发，梁墩相对位移超过L时，锁死销103下落到锁定槽孔212内，实现主梁与活动墩的临时锁定，继而带动滑移装置2和固定装置4发生相对变位，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩，实现固定墩和活动墩的协同承载，同时正刚度弹簧组5变形传力的同时耗散地震能量，地震荷载与负刚度弹簧组6压缩形变的方向相反，使负刚度弹簧组6的压缩形变变小释放储存的弹性势能，负刚度弹簧组6提供与相对位移方向一致的弹簧力，实现减隔震装置的负刚度连接，通过正刚度弹簧组5和负刚度弹簧组参数6的合理设置，可在避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大引发的连续梁桥整体地震响应增加的前提下，实现活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，以最大限度的提高连续梁桥抗震性能。地震往复作用下，滑移装置2与固定装置4之间将发生往复运动，往复运动过程中负刚度弹簧组6和正刚度弹簧组5的正负刚度可根据两者相对位置发生互换，继而在整个地震发生过程中避免活动墩和固定墩协同承载地震荷载导致的整桥刚度增大而引发的地震响应增大问题，缓冲架202在两列半圆柱体302间运动，挤压半圆柱体302使其变形耗能。
本发明在实现临时锁定活动墩使其与固定墩协同作用的同时，又能避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大，提高整体结构的抗震性能。本发明原理简单，经济可靠，既实现了活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，又解决了既有梁墩锁定装置介入导致的连续梁桥整体抗侧移刚度增大，从而引发连续梁桥整体地震响应大幅增加问题，可用于新建连续 梁抗震设计及既有连续梁桥抗震加固，便于推广应用。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于其包括触发装置(1)、滑移装置(2)、缓冲装置(3)、固定装置(4)、正刚度弹簧组(5)以及负刚度弹簧组(6)；
    所述触发装置(1)顶部与连续梁主梁下翼板固定连接，缓冲装置(3)固定安装在固定装置(4)中部；滑移装置(2)内侧通过负刚度弹簧组(6)与缓冲装置(3)连接，滑移装置(2)两侧通过正刚度弹簧组(5)与固定装置(4)连接，滑移装置(2)顺正刚度弹簧组(5)拉压方向移动，固定装置(4)固定在活动墩顶部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述触发装置(1)包括槽板(101)以及安装在槽板(101)底部的若干个圆柱套筒(102)，所述槽板(101)顶部与连续梁桥主梁下翼板固定连接，在所述圆柱套筒(102)内设置锁死装置；
    所述圆柱套筒(102)侧壁设置开槽(105)；所述锁死装置包括安装在开槽(105)内的柱形连接件(104)以及安装在对应的两个柱形连接件(104)之间且设置在圆柱套筒(102)内的锁死销(103)；所述锁死销(103)为柱体；
    所述圆柱套筒(102)内侧壁与锁死销(103)外壁之间间隙设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述固定装置(4)包括底座(401)、牛腿(402)和限位装置(403)；所述牛腿(402)固定安装在底座(401)的端部顶面，所述限位装置(403)包括固定在底座(401)外侧的限位槽(431)和设置在限位槽(431)内可滑动的槽型滑块(432)，限位槽(431)限制滑移装置(2)的侧向位移,槽型滑块(432)使滑移装置(2)顺正刚度弹簧组(5)拉压方向移动；所述底座(401)安装在活动墩顶部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述缓冲装置(3)包括缓冲槽体(301)和半圆柱体(302)；所述缓冲槽体(301)安装在底座(401)顶面中部，半圆柱体(302)呈两列设置在缓冲槽体(301)的槽内，半圆柱体(302)矩形侧面与缓冲槽体(301)内 侧壁固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述滑移装置(2)包括倒U形架(201)和缓冲架(202)；
    所述倒U形架(201)包括架体(211)和设置在架体(211)顶板上的锁定槽孔(212)，架体(211)跨过所述缓冲槽体(301)且其底部固定安装在槽型滑块(432)的槽内；架体(211)立板的两侧边分别通过正刚度弹簧组(5)的各正刚度弹簧与牛腿(402)连接，架体(211)立板的内侧壁分别通过负刚度弹簧组(6)的各负刚度弹簧与缓冲槽体(301)外侧相连，各正刚度弹簧的两端与架体(211)立板和牛腿(402)、各负刚度弹簧的两端与架体(211)立板和缓冲槽体(301)外侧均为铰连，限位槽(431)限制架体(211)的侧向位移，槽型滑块(432)使架体(211)能顺正刚度弹簧组拉压方向移动；
    锁定槽孔(212)的数量与锁死销(103)数量相匹配，锁定槽孔(212)内径略大于锁死销(103)直径；
    对应的锁定槽孔(212)的轴线与锁死销(103)的轴线的距离为L；
    所述缓冲架(202)包括若干个金属圆柱体(221)以及安装在相邻两个金属圆柱体(221)之间的连接板(222)，金属圆柱体(221)固定安装在倒U形架(201)的顶板底部，缓冲架(202)插装在两列半圆柱体(302)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述半圆柱体(302)的半径与金属圆柱体(221)半径相同，且半圆柱体(302)与对应的金属圆柱体(221)相切；
    金属圆柱体(221)材质为Q235合金钢，半圆柱体(302)材质为软钢，纵向地震作用下金属圆柱体(221)在两列半圆柱体(302)之间往复运动，挤压半圆柱体(302)变形耗散地震能量。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述柱形连接件(104)包括与锁死销(103)外侧固定的连接柱以及固定安装在连接柱外端部的把手，所述连接柱直径小于开槽(105)的宽度，把手直径大于开槽(105)的宽度。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种连续梁用负刚度减隔震装置，其特征在于所述正刚度弹簧组(5)的各正刚度弹簧处于原长状态，纵向地震作用下滑移装置(2)与固定装置(4)发生相对变位，架体(211)立板两侧边的各正刚度弹簧分别发生拉压变形，将上部地震荷载传递至活动墩，正刚度弹簧组(5)变形传力的同时可耗散地震能量；
    所述负刚度弹簧组(6)正常运营时处于受压状态，储存部分弹性势能，处于未被激活状态，不提供负刚度；当纵向地震作用下滑移装置(2)与固定装置(4)发生相对变位时，地震荷载作用的方向与负刚度弹簧组(6)压缩形变的方向相反，使其压缩形变变小释放储存的弹性势能，负刚度弹簧组(6)提供与相对位移方向一致的弹簧力，实现减隔震装置的负刚度连接，通过正刚度弹簧组(5)和负刚度弹簧组(6)参数的合理设置，可在避免活动墩与梁体连接导致的连续梁桥整体刚度增大引发的连续梁桥整体地震响应增加的前提下，实现活动墩和固定墩协同承受地震水平荷载，以最大限度的提高连续梁桥抗震性能；地震往复作用下，滑移装置(2)与固定装置(4)之间将发生往复运动，往复运动过程中负刚度弹簧组弹簧(6)和正刚度弹簧组(5)的正负刚度可根据两者相对位置发生互换。
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