WO2020147278A1 - 一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构 - Google Patents

一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020147278A1
WO2020147278A1 PCT/CN2019/096073 CN2019096073W WO2020147278A1 WO 2020147278 A1 WO2020147278 A1 WO 2020147278A1 CN 2019096073 W CN2019096073 W CN 2019096073W WO 2020147278 A1 WO2020147278 A1 WO 2020147278A1
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Prior art keywords
plunger
pump
lubricating oil
pressure
liquid
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PCT/CN2019/096073
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English (en)
French (fr)
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郑国璋
王淑平
梁志中
刘荣琳
梁跃中
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郑国璋
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Publication of WO2020147278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020147278A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/18—Lubricating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
    • F02M59/46—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plunger pump, in particular to a sealing and lubricating structure of a plunger pump, belonging to the technical field of plunger pumps.
  • the plunger pump has the advantages of high rated pressure, compact structure and high efficiency. It is widely used in equipment that outputs high-pressure liquids such as ultra-high-pressure water cutting, ultra-high-pressure water jet rust removal, high-pressure water jet cleaning, and diesel engine high-pressure fuel pumps.
  • the viscosity of the diesel oil pumped by the high-pressure fuel pump of the diesel engine is large, and the viscosity of the lubricating oil pumped by the lubricating oil pump is greater. Because the small gap between the plunger and the inner wall of the plunger hole when the plunger oil pump is pumping oil, the leakage of the large viscosity The throttling of the oil (that is, the resistance along the path) maintains the oil pressure in the pump cavity of the plunger pump, and the leaked high-viscosity oil also has a good lubrication effect on the plunger, so the plunger oil pump generally adopts a gap seal .
  • the plunger pump pumps low-viscosity liquids (water and methanol, etc.). Because of the low viscosity of the liquid, if the gap seal is used, not only the leakage volume is difficult to establish high pumping pressure, but also the plunger wears out quickly.
  • Plunger pumps pumping low-viscosity liquids at home and abroad use mechanical packing seals; the friction heating and wear of the sliding surface of the packing and the plunger not only limit the pump speed, but the bigger problem is that the life of the packing seal is inversely proportional to the pressure. The higher the packing, the shorter the life of the packing seal.
  • the life of the seal of the low-viscosity liquid plunger pump with working pressure above 200MPa is only about 200 hours, and the working reliability is very poor. To improve the working pressure, reliability and service life of the low-viscosity liquid high-pressure plunger pump, it is necessary to solve the above-mentioned sealing problems existing in the low-viscosity liquid high-pressure plunger pump.
  • the first stage Chinese patent, patent number: ZL200620127615.1, the name of the invention is "Multi-fuel diesel fuel injection pump", which uses a lubricating oil groove on the plunger sleeve to seal the plunger and the plunger sleeve with a constant pressure and high pressure lubricating oil
  • the gap between the plunger pump oil and the alternating fuel pressure when sucking oil exceeds 1000 bar.
  • the lubricating oil pressure is high, the lubricating oil enters the fuel and causes problems such as burning of oil and coking and clogging of the injection hole of the fuel injector.
  • the second stage improve the above-mentioned Chinese patent, patent number: ZL201010527308.3, overcome the problem of complex structure and large volume, and omit 9 items of the complex "a low pressure differential hydraulic seal high pressure common rail fuel pump” structure Elements; the innovative "a sealed and lubricated structure for the plunger of an ultra-high pressure plunger pump” (Chinese patent, patent number: 201110217136.4), which reduces high-precision parts, reduces the volume of the pump and the consumption of raw materials, and reduces manufacturing costs , And still maintain all the original functions, but in the trial production of the product with this patented structure, it was found that the pressure transmission cylinder bore and the three-way oil passage were restricted by the structure of the connection of the pressure transmission cylinder bore, and the tool head for processing the pressure transmission cylinder bore was worn Part of the pressure transmission cylinder hole cannot be surpassed, resulting in a large conicity of the pressure transmission cylinder hole.
  • the roundness error specified in JB/T7173.1 of the diesel injection pump plunger assembly technical condition JB/T7173.1 is less than 0.0005mm, and the conicity is less than 20:
  • the 0.0006mm standard is difficult to ensure the precise sliding fit between the high-precision pressure transmission cylinder bore and the free piston;
  • the third stage "One type of diesel engine with multiple fuel injection pump structure" (Chinese patent, patent number: 201820664914.1) omits the structure connecting the pressure transmission cylinder and the three-way oil passage, so that the pressure transmission cylinder and the working cylinder penetrate through and process the pressure transmission The tool head worn during the cylinder hole can surpass the pressure transmission cylinder hole, thereby ensuring that the roundness and conicity of the pressure transmission cylinder hole meet the national standard requirements, and ensure the precise sliding fit between the free piston and the pressure transmission cylinder hole;
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the use of the above-mentioned original invention "One Diesel Engine Multiple Fuel Injection Pump Structure” (Chinese Patent, Patent Number: 201820664914.1) than the existing diesel engine fuel injection pump processing technology and process equipment has more processing pressure transmission cylinder holes What you need: drilling, reaming, rough grinding, fine grinding and other processes and corresponding process equipment, greatly increasing the problem of processing costs.
  • a sealed lubrication structure of a plunger pump including plunger 1, pump body 2, working cylinder bore 3, pump cavity 3.1, free piston 4, lubricating oil cavity 5.1, annular lubricating oil groove 6, oil passage 6.1, and lubricating oil inlet unit
  • the working cylinder bore 3 is arranged in the pump body 2;
  • the plug 1 is installed in the working cylinder bore 3 in a precise sliding fit with the working cylinder bore 3;
  • the lubricating oil inlet check valve 7 is arranged at one end of the working cylinder bore 3;
  • the liquid inlet check valve 11 is arranged at
  • the pump body 2 extends from the outside of the pump body 2 into the pump cavity 3.1;
  • the liquid outlet check valve 13 is arranged on the pump body 2 and extends into the pump cavity 3.1 from the other side of the pump body 2; it is characterized in that:
  • the annular lubricating oil groove 6 arranged on the hole wall of the working cylinder bore 3 separates the annular micro gap between the plunger 1 and the working cylinder bore 3 as follows: from the annular lubricating oil groove 6 up to the upper plunger annular micro gap of the pump chamber 3.1 9. From the annular lubricating oil groove 6 down to the lower plunger annular micro gap 10 at the lower end of the working cylinder bore 3;
  • the pressure of the ultra-high pressure liquid in the pump chamber 3.1 is transmitted to the lubricating oil chamber 5.1 through the free piston 4, and then transmitted to the annular lubricating oil groove 6 through the lubricating oil chamber 5.1 and the oil passage 6.1 to keep it up.
  • P R1 P K1
  • the working process of pumping oil up the plunger 1 This effectively prevents the ultra-high pressure liquid in the pump cavity 3.1 from entering the upper plunger annular micro-gap 9 and effectively overcomes the leakage of the ultra-high pressure and low-viscosity liquid in the pump cavity 3.1; the viscosity of the lubricating oil in the annular lubricating oil groove 6 varies with pressure Increased viscosity increases.
  • the annular micro-gap 9 realizes the sealing of the ultra-high pressure and low-viscosity liquid in the pump chamber 3.1, and effectively overcomes the problem of ultra-high pressure liquid leakage, thereby ensuring that the plunger pump generates an ultra-high pressure liquid pressure of more than 2500 bar; lower column
  • the high-viscosity lubricating oil in the plug annular micro gap 10 suspends the plunger 1 in the working cylinder bore 3, avoiding the contact between the surface of the plunger 1 and the mating surface of the working cylinder bore 3, and effectively ensuring the lubrication of the plunger 1. , To ensure the working reliability of the plunger 1 and have a long service life.
  • the invention of "a sealed and lubricated plunger pump structure" is simpler and easier to manufacture, reducing processing and Working cylinder bores 3 perpendicular to the pressure transmission cylinder bores 5 necessary: drilling, reaming, rough grinding, fine grinding 4 procedures and the corresponding process equipment, improve production efficiency, reduce processing costs, large The cost of production is greatly reduced; all the original functions of the applicant’s original invention patent "One Diesel Engine Multiple Fuel Injection Pump Structure” (Chinese Patent, Patent Number: 201820664914.1) are still maintained:
  • a sealed and lubricated structure of plunger pump can be used for various fuel pumps of diesel engines to pump various low-viscosity fuels such as methanol and ethanol, and can be used for ultra-high pressure water cutting and ultra-high pressure pure water jet removal.
  • high-pressure plunger pump structures for rust, high-pressure water jet cleaning, sea water pumps, chemical pumps and other equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sealing and lubricating structure of the plunger pump of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the embodiment of the sealed lubrication structure of the plunger pump of the present invention when pumping low-viscosity liquids;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the embodiment of the sealed lubrication structure of the plunger pump of the present invention in sucking low-viscosity liquid;
  • the marks in the figure indicate: 1. plunger; 2. pump body; 3. working cylinder bore; 3.1 pump cavity; 4. free piston; 5.1 lubricating oil cavity; 5.4 annular micro-gap; 6. annular lubricating oil groove 6.1. Oil passage; 7. Lubricating oil inlet one-way valve; 8. Lubricating oil pipe interface; 9. Upper plunger annular micro-gap; 10. Lower plunger annular micro-gap; 11. Liquid inlet one-way valve; 12. Liquid pipe interface; 13. Liquid outlet check valve; 14. High pressure liquid pipe interface; 17. The first process hole is blocked; 18. The second process hole is blocked.
  • the sealed lubrication structure of a plunger pump of the present invention includes plunger 1, pump body 2, working cylinder bore 3, pump cavity 3.1, free piston 4, lubricating oil cavity 5.1, and annular lubricating oil groove 6.
  • the lubricating oil in the gap suspends the plunger 1 in the work In the cylinder bore 3.1, direct contact between the plunger 1 and the working cylinder bore 3 is avoided, and the wear of the plunger 1 and the working steel bore 3 is avoided; the lubricating oil check valve 7 is set at one end of the working cylinder bore 3; free The piston 4 is installed in the working cylinder bore 3 close to one end of the lubricating oil check valve 7.
  • the free piston 4 and the working cylinder bore 3 are in a precise sliding fit, and the sliding fit annular micro gap 5.4 is 0.0015 ⁇ 0.0025 mm, and the annular micro
  • the lubricating oil in the gap 5.4 suspends the free piston 4 in the working cylinder bore 3, and the free piston 4 can slide in the working cylinder bore 3; as shown in Figure 1 and the A-A side view in the figure, the liquid enters in one direction
  • the valve 11 is arranged on the pump body 2 and extends into the pump cavity 3.1 from the outside of the pump body 2;
  • the liquid outlet check valve 13 is arranged on the pump body 2 and extends into the pump cavity 3.1 from the other side of the pump body 2;
  • free piston 4 Installed in the working cylinder bore 3 to separate the working cylinder bore 3 into a pump cavity 3.1 between one end of the piston 4 and the plunger 1 and a lubricating oil cavity 5.1 at the other end of the free piston 4; one end of the oil duct 6.1 is connected to the lubrication
  • the first process hole block 17 and the second process hole block 18 are set in the process port; the pump chamber 3.1 is connected to one end of the free piston 4, and the free piston 4 The other end communicates with the annular lubricating oil groove 6 through the lubricating oil chamber 5.1 and the oil passage 6.1.
  • the annular lubricating oil groove 6 arranged on the hole wall of the working cylinder bore 3 separates the annular micro-gap between the plunger 1 and the working cylinder bore 3 as follows: The lubricating oil groove 6 up to the upper plunger annular micro gap 9 of the pump chamber 3.1, and from the annular lubricating oil groove 6 down to the lower plunger annular micro gap 10 at the lower end of the working cylinder bore 3.
  • the plunger 1 effectively prevents the ultra-high pressure liquid in the pump chamber 3.1 from entering the upper plunger annular micro gap 9 during the working process of the upward pump liquid, and effectively prevents the leakage of the ultra-high pressure liquid; the cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 1
  • the ultra-high pressure liquid in the pump chamber 3.1 opens the liquid outlet check valve 13 and flows into the high pressure liquid pipeline through the high pressure liquid pipe interface 14 of the liquid outlet check valve 13; the viscosity of the lubricating oil in the annular lubricating oil tank 6 varies with pressure Increased viscosity increases.
  • the high-pressure liquid in the pump cavity 3.1 pushes the free piston 4 to squeeze the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil cavity 5.1 into the annular lubricating oil groove 6 through the oil passage 6.1, supplementing the lubricating oil leaking from the annular micro gap 10 of the lower plunger, and maintaining annular lubrication
  • the low-viscosity liquid enters the annular micro-gap 9 of the upper plunger, which realizes the sealing of the ultra-high pressure and low-viscosity liquid in the pump cavity 3.1, and effectively overcomes the problem of ultra-high-pressure liquid leakage, thereby ensuring that the plunger pump pumps the low-viscosity liquid
  • the negative pressure P K2 generated in the pump chamber 3.1 when the plunger 1 descends is transmitted to the lubricating oil chamber 5.1 through the free piston 4, and the pressure in the lubricating oil pipe is 4bar low pressure lubricating oil enters the lubricating oil check valve 7 through the lubricating oil pipe interface 8 and flows into the lubricating oil chamber 5.1.
  • the free piston 4 descends until it contacts the liquid inlet check valve 11 and stops descending.
  • the lubricating oil chamber 5.1 is filled with lubricating oil.
  • the liquid pressure in the pump chamber 3.1 is P K2 , P K2 ⁇ 1bar, P when the plunger 1 sucks the working fluid downward.
  • the sealed lubrication structure of the plunger pump effectively prevents the low-viscosity liquid in the pump cavity 3.1 from entering the upper plunger annular micro gap 9 during the working process of the plunger 1 pumping liquid up and the plunger 1 sucking liquid down. It overcomes the leakage problem of ultra-high pressure plunger pumping low-viscosity liquid, thereby ensuring a plunger pump's sealed and lubricated structure to pump low-viscosity liquids with a pressure of over 2500bar and no low-viscosity liquid leakage; lower plunger annular micro-gap
  • the lubricating oil film in 10 makes the plunger 1 float in the working cylinder hole 3, avoiding direct contact between the plunger 1 and the working cylinder hole 3, effectively overcoming the wear failure problem of the plunger 1 and the working cylinder hole 3, and improving the work Reliability and working life.

Abstract

一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，包括柱塞（1）、泵体（2）、工作缸孔道（3）、泵腔（3.1）、自由活塞（4）、润滑油腔（5.1）、环形润滑油槽（6）、油道（6.1）、进润滑油单向阀（7）、进液体单向阀（11）和出液体单向阀（13），其中自由活塞（4）装在工作缸孔道（3）内将工作缸孔道（3）分隔成为自由活塞（4）的一端与柱塞（1）之间的泵腔（3.1）及自由活塞（4）另一端的润滑油腔（5.1）；油道（6.1）的一端与润滑油腔（5.1）连通、另一端与环形润滑油槽（6）连通。

Description

一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种柱塞泵，具体为一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，属于柱塞泵技术领域。
背景技术
柱塞泵具有额定压力高、结构紧凑、效率高等优点，广泛应用超高压水切割、超高压水射流除锈、高压水射流清洗、柴油机高压燃油泵等输出高压液体的装备。
柴油机高压燃油泵所泵送的柴油粘度大，润滑油油泵所泵送的润滑油粘度更大，由于柱塞油泵泵油时柱塞与柱塞孔道内壁之间的微小间隙对泄漏的大粘度的油液的节流(即沿程阻力)作用保持了柱塞泵的泵腔内的油压，泄漏的大粘度油液同时对柱塞起到了良好的润滑作用，所以柱塞油泵一般采用间隙密封。
柱塞泵泵送低粘度液体(水与甲醇等)、因其液体的粘度小，若采用间隙密封不仅存在泄漏量大难以建立高的泵送压力、而且存在柱塞很快磨损失效的问题，国内外泵送低粘度液体的柱塞泵都采用机械式填料密封；填料与柱塞滑动表面摩擦发热与磨损问题不仅限制了泵速，更大的问题是填料密封的寿命与压力成反比、压力越高填料密封件的寿命越短，工作压力在200MPa以上的低粘度液体柱塞泵的密封件寿命仅在200小时左右，工作可靠性很差。提高低粘度液体高压柱塞泵的工作压力、可靠性与使用寿命，需要解决低粘度液体高压柱塞泵存在的上述的密封问题。
本申请人为解决柴油机烧低粘度甲醇燃料时高压燃料泵的柱塞与柱塞套快磨损失效的问题，对柱塞泵柱塞的密封润滑进行不懈的研究实验与创新，对研究成果已经进行了三次改进创新：
第一阶段：中国专利，专利号：ZL200620127615.1、发明名称为《多种燃料柴油机喷油泵》，采用在柱塞套上开润滑油槽用恒压高压润滑油密封柱塞与柱塞套之间的间隙，存在的柱塞泵油和吸油时交变变化的燃油压的压差超过1000bar、润滑油压高时润滑油进入燃油出现烧机油及喷油器喷油孔结焦堵塞的问题，润滑油压力低时低粘度的甲醇燃料泄漏入柱塞间隙造成柱塞与柱塞套磨损失效的问题；进行改进创新的中国专利，专利号：ZL201010527308.3、发明名称《一种低压差液力密封式高压共轨燃油泵》，其结构使润滑油压力与燃油压力同步升高和降低，克服了烧机油与柱塞磨损失效的问题；但是在用这一专利结构设计柴油机喷油泵 产品时，发现现有柴油机装燃油泵的空间狭小，用这一专利结构设计的油泵产品结构复杂、产品结构尺寸大，很难装到现有柴油机上、难以推广应用；
第二阶段：对上述中国专利，专利号：ZL201010527308.3进行改进，克服结构复杂、体积大的问题，省略了复杂的《一种低压差液力密封式高压共轨燃油泵》结构的9项要素；创新的《一种超高压柱塞泵柱塞的密封润滑结构》(中国专利，专利号：201110217136.4)，减少了高精度零件、减小了泵的体积与原材料的消耗、降低了制造成本，并依然保持原有的全部功能，但在用这一专利结构试制产品工作中发现受其传压油缸孔与三通油道连接的结构的限制，因加工传压油缸孔的刀具头部磨损部分不能超越出传压油缸孔，导致传压油缸孔圆锥度大，存在达不到柴油机喷油泵柱塞偶件技术条件JB/T7173.1规定的圆度误差小于0.0005mm、圆锥度小于20:0.0006mm的标准，难以保证高精度的传压油缸孔与自由活塞的精密滑动配合的问题；
第三阶段：《一种柴油机多种燃料喷油泵结构》(中国专利，专利号：201820664914.1)省略掉传压油缸与三通油道连接的结构，使传压油缸与工作缸贯穿，加工传压油缸孔时磨损的刀具头部可以超越出传压油缸孔，从而保证了传压油缸孔的圆度及圆锥度达到国家标准要求，保证了自由活塞与传压油缸孔的精密滑动配合；在分析该中国专利，专利号201820664914.1、《一种柴油机多种燃料喷油泵结构》设计的柴油机多种燃料喷油泵产品的加工工艺可行行性时，发现比现有柴油机喷油泵的加工工艺及工艺装备多了加工与工作缸孔道垂直的传压油缸孔道所需要的：钻孔、扩孔、粗磨孔、精磨孔等工序及相应的工艺装备，大大增加了加工成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服采用上述原有发明《一种柴油机多种燃料喷油泵结构》(中国专利，专利号：201820664914.1)比现有柴油机喷油泵的加工工艺及工艺装备多了加工传压油缸孔道所需要的：钻孔、扩孔、粗磨孔、精磨孔等工序及相应的工艺装备，大大增加了加工成本的问题。提供一种结构更简单、容易制造、容易保证加工精度、制造成本低、依然能有效保证柱塞的润滑与密封、泵甲醇等低粘度的液体的压力达到2500bar以上、工作可靠性好、柱塞工作寿命长、没有机械式填料密封结构元件的一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构；一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，可用于柴油机的多种燃料泵送多种燃料，可广泛用于作超高压水切割、超高压纯水射流除锈、高压水射流清洗、海水泵、化工泵等装备的高压柱塞泵。
为实现上述本发明的目的，申请人对原发明专利《一种柴油机多种燃料喷油泵结构》(中国专利，专利号：201820664914.1)进一步进行“要素省略”、“要素关系改变”的创新、 发明了该发明《一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构》。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，包括柱塞1、泵体2、工作缸孔道3、泵腔3.1、自由活塞4、润滑油腔5.1、环形润滑油槽6、油道6.1、进润滑油单向阀8、进液单向阀11、出液单向阀13、第一工艺孔堵塞17、第二工艺孔堵塞18；所述的工作缸孔道3设置在泵体2内；所述的柱塞1装在工作缸孔道3内与工作缸孔道3呈精密的滑动配合；所述的进润滑油单向阀7设置在工作缸孔道3的一端；所述的进液单向阀11设置在泵体2上从泵体2外侧伸入泵腔3.1内；所述的出液单向阀13设置在泵体2上从泵体2的另一侧伸入泵腔3.1内；其特征在于：自由活塞4装在工作缸孔道3内、将工作缸孔道3分隔成为由活塞4的一端与柱塞之间的泵腔3.1及自由活塞4另一端的润滑油腔5.1；所述油道6.1的一端与润滑油腔5.1连通、另一端与环形润滑油槽6连通。所述泵腔3.1与自由活塞4的一端相连、自由活塞4的另一端经润滑油腔5.1、油道6.1与环形润滑油槽6连通。
设置在工作缸孔道3的孔壁上的环形润滑油槽6将柱塞1与工作缸孔道3之间的环形微间隙分隔为：从环形润滑油槽6向上至泵腔3.1的上柱塞环形微间隙9、从环形润滑油槽6向下至工作缸孔道3下端的下柱塞环形微间隙10；
在柱塞1上行泵油过程中泵腔3.1内的超高压液体压力经自由活塞4传递到润滑油腔5.1、再经润滑油腔5.1、油道6.1传压到环形润滑油槽6内，保持上柱塞环形微间隙9下端的环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油压P R1与上端的泵腔3.1中的燃油压P K1相等，即P R1＝P K1，在柱塞1上行泵油的工作过程中有效地阻止了泵腔3.1中的超高压液体进入上柱塞环形微间隙9，有效地克服了泵腔3.1中的超高压低粘度液体泄漏；环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油粘度随压力的增高粘度增大，由于下柱塞环形微间隙10对高粘度润滑油的节流作用，仅有少量润滑油从环形润滑油槽6经下柱塞环形微间隙10泄出流回润滑油箱，泵腔3.1中的高压液体推动自由活塞4挤压润滑油腔5.1中的润滑油经油道6.1进入环形润滑油槽6补充从下柱塞环形微间隙10泄漏的润滑油，保持环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油压力P R1与泵腔3.1中的液体压力P K1相等，即保持P R1＝P K1，在柱塞1上行泵油的过程中有效地阻止了泵腔3.1中的超高压液体进入上柱塞环形微间隙9，实现了对泵腔3.1中的超高压低粘度液体的密封、有效地克服了超高压液体泄漏问题，从而保证了该柱塞泵产生2500bar以上的超高压的液体压力；下柱塞环形微间隙10中的高粘度润滑油将柱塞1悬浮在工作缸孔道3中，避免了柱塞1的表面与工作缸孔道3的配合表面的接触，有效的保证了柱塞1的润滑，保证了柱塞1的工作可靠性和具有长的使用寿命。
本发明的有益效果：
1、申请人对原有发明专利《一种柴油机多种燃料喷油泵结构》(中国专利，专利号：201820664914.1)进一步进行“要素省略”、“要素关系改变”的创新：省略掉“传压油缸5”、将原来设置在传压油缸孔道5内的“自由活塞4”设置到工作缸孔道3内，发明《一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构》更简单、更容易制造，减少了加工与工作缸孔道3相垂直的传压油缸孔道5所必需要的：钻孔、扩孔、粗磨孔、精磨孔4道工序及相应的工艺装备、提高了生产效率、减少了加工费用、大幅度的降低了生产的成本；依然保持了本申请人原发明专利《一种柴油机多种燃料喷油泵结构》(中国专利，专利号：201820664914.1)原有的全部功能：
(1)实现了无燃油或水泄漏、泵甲醇或水等低粘度液体压力达到2500bar以上；
(2)有效地保证了柱塞1的润滑、避免了柱塞1与缸孔道3的直接接触、克服了柱塞1与工作缸孔道3的磨损问题、有效地提高了工作可靠性与工作寿命；
(3)结构更简单、大幅度降低了制造成本；
2、本发明《一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构》，可用于柴油机的多种燃料泵泵送甲醇、乙醇等多种低粘度燃料，可用于作超高压水切割、超高压纯水射流除锈、高压水射流清洗、海水泵、化工泵等装备的高压柱塞泵结构的实施。
附图说明
图1本发明的柱塞泵的密封润滑结构的示意图；
图2本发明的柱塞泵的密封润滑结构的实施方案在泵低粘度液体时的结构示意图；
图3本发明的柱塞泵的密封润滑结构的实施方案在吸入低粘度液体的结构示意图；
图中的标记表示为：1、柱塞；2、泵体；3、工作缸孔道；3.1、泵腔；4、自由活塞；5.1、润滑油腔；5.4、环形微间隙；6、环形润滑油槽；6.1、油道；7、进润滑油单向阀；8、润滑油管接口；9、上柱塞环形微间隙；10、下柱塞环形微间隙；11、进液体单向阀；12、进液体管接口；13、出液体单向阀；14、高压液体管接口；17、第一工艺孔堵塞；18、第二工艺孔堵塞。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。
如附图1所示的本发明一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，包括柱塞1、泵体2、工作缸孔道3、泵腔3.1、自由活塞4、润滑油腔5.1、环形润滑油槽6、油道6.1、进润滑油单向阀7、进液体单向阀11、出液体单向阀13、第一工艺孔堵塞17、第二工艺孔堵塞18；其中工作缸 孔道3设置在泵体2内；柱塞1装在工作缸孔道3内与工作缸孔道3呈精密的滑动配合，其滑动配合间隙为0.0015～0.0025毫米的环形微小间隙，间隙内的润滑油将柱塞1悬浮在工作缸孔道3.1内，避免了柱塞1与工作缸孔道3之间直接接触、避免了柱塞1与工作刚孔道3的磨损；进润滑油单向阀7设置在工作缸孔道3的一端；自由活塞4装在工作缸孔道3内靠近进润滑油单向阀7的一端，自由活塞4与工作缸孔道3呈精密的滑动配合，其滑动配合的环形微间隙5.4为0.0015～0.0025毫米、环形微间隙5.4内的润滑油将自由活塞4悬浮在工作缸孔道3内，自由活塞4可在工作缸孔道3内滑动；如附图1及图中的A—A面图所示，进液体单向阀11设置在泵体2上从泵体2的外侧伸入泵腔3.1内；出液体单向阀13设置在泵体2上从泵体2的另一侧伸入泵腔3.1内；自由活塞4装在工作缸孔道3内、将工作缸孔道3分隔成为由活塞4的一端与柱塞1之间的泵腔3.1及自由活塞4另一端的润滑油腔5.1；油道6.1的一端与润滑油腔5.1连通、另一端与环形润滑油槽6连通。为封闭加工油道6.1时钻孔遗留的工艺孔口，在工艺工口设置了第一工艺孔堵塞17及第二工艺孔堵塞18；泵腔3.1与自由活塞4的一端相连、自由活塞4的另一端经润滑油腔5.1、油道6.1与环形润滑油槽6连通。
如附图1、附图2、附图3所示，设置在工作缸孔道3的孔壁上的环形润滑油槽6将柱塞1与工作缸孔道3之间的环形微间隙分隔为：从环形润滑油槽6向上至泵腔3.1的上柱塞环形微间隙9、从环形润滑油槽6向下至工作缸孔道3下端的下柱塞环形微间隙10。
组装泵时在润滑油腔5.1、油道6.1及环行润滑油槽6中注满润滑油，在泵腔3.1中注满所要泵送的液体。
如附图2所示，在柱塞1上行泵液体的过程中泵腔3.1内的超高压液体压力经自由活塞4传递到润滑油腔5.1，再经润滑油腔5.1、油道6.1传压到环形润滑油槽6内，保持上柱塞环形微间隙9下端的环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油压P R1与上端的泵腔3.1中的液体压力P K1相等，即P R1＝P K1，因此在柱塞1上行泵液体的工作过程中有效地阻止了泵腔3.1中的超高压液体进入上柱塞环形微间隙9、有效的阻止了超高压液体的泄漏；如图1中A一A剖面图所示，泵腔3.1中的超高压液体压开出液单向阀13、经出液体单向阀13的高压液体管接口14流入高压液体管道；环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油粘度随压力的增高粘度增大，由于下柱塞环形微间隙10对高粘度润滑油的节流作用，仅有少量润滑油从环形润滑油槽6经下柱塞环形微间隙10泄出流回润滑油箱，与此同时，泵腔3.1中的高压液体推动自由活塞4挤压润滑油腔5.1中的润滑油经油道6.1进入环形润滑油槽6，补充从下柱塞环形微间隙10泄漏的润滑油，保持环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油压力P R1与泵腔3.1中的液体压力P K1相等，即保持P R1＝P K1，在柱塞1上行泵液体的过程中有效地阻止了泵腔3.1中的超高压低粘度液体进入上柱塞环形微间隙9，实现了对泵腔3.1中的超高压低粘度液体的密封、有效地克服了超高压液体泄 漏问题，从而保证了该柱塞泵泵送低粘度液体的压力达到2500bar以上；下柱塞环形微间隙10中的高粘度润滑油将柱塞1悬浮在工作缸孔道3中，避免了柱塞1的表面与工作缸孔道3的配合表面的直接接触，有效的保证了柱塞1的润滑，保证了柱塞1的工作可靠性和具有长的使用寿命。
当柱塞1上行至上止点时出液体单向阀13关闭、泵送液体过程结束。
如附图3及附图3中的A一A剖面图所示，柱塞1下行时泵腔3.1中产生的负压P K2经自由活塞4传到润滑油腔5.1，润滑油管中的压力为4bar的低压润滑油经润滑油管接口8压开进润滑油单向阀7流入润滑油腔5.1、自由活塞4下行至接触进液体单向阀11停止下行，润滑油腔5.1中充满润滑油，其润滑油压力P R2≤4bar，经油道6.1与润滑油腔5.1相连的润滑油槽6中的润滑油压力P R2≤4bar；受泵腔3.1中负压P K2的作用，液体管道中的压力为1bar的工作液体经进液体管接口12压开进液体单向阀11流入泵腔3.1，在柱塞1下行吸入工作液的过程中泵腔3.1中的液体压力P K2，P K2≤1bar，P K2≥0bar，即1bar≥P K2≥0bar，在柱塞1下行吸入工作液的过程中环形润滑油槽6中的润滑油压力P R2(P R2≤4bar)与泵腔3.1中的液体压P K2(1bar≥P K2≥0bar)压差小于4bar，(试验证明环形微小间隙两端液体的压差小于10bar时环形微小间隙中没有液体流动现象)，在柱塞1下行吸入工作液的过程中也有效地阻止了所泵送液体的泄漏，柱塞1下行至下止点时，进液单向阀11关闭，柱塞1下行吸入液体的过程结束；回到起始状态，柱塞1重复上行泵送液体、下行吸入工作液体的工作过程。
该柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，在柱塞1上行泵送液体与柱塞1下行吸入液体的工作过程中有效地阻止了泵腔3.1中的低粘度液体进入上柱塞环形微间隙9，有效地克服了超高压柱塞泵送低粘度度液体的泄漏问题，从而保证了一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构泵送低粘度液体压力达到2500bar以上无低粘度液体泄漏；下柱塞环形微间隙10中的润滑油膜使柱塞1在工作缸孔道3中浮动，避免了柱塞1与工作缸孔道3直接接触，有效地克服了柱塞1与工作缸孔道3的磨损失效问题，提高了工作可靠性与工作寿命。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

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  1. 一种柱塞泵的密封润滑结构，包括柱塞(1)、泵体(2)、工作缸孔道(3)、泵腔(3.1)、自由活塞(4)、环形润滑油槽(6)、油道(6.1)、进液体单向阀(11)、出液体单向阀(13)和进润滑油单向阀(7)，其特征在于：所述自由活塞(4)装在工作缸孔道(3)内、将工作缸孔道(3)分隔成为由活塞(4)的一端与柱塞之间的泵腔(3.1)及自由活塞(4)另一端的润滑油腔(5.1)；油道(6.1)的一端与润滑油腔(5.1)连通、另一端与环形润滑油槽(6)连通。
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