WO2020147206A1 - 一种超细碳粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种超细碳粉及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020147206A1 WO2020147206A1 PCT/CN2019/081421 CN2019081421W WO2020147206A1 WO 2020147206 A1 WO2020147206 A1 WO 2020147206A1 CN 2019081421 W CN2019081421 W CN 2019081421W WO 2020147206 A1 WO2020147206 A1 WO 2020147206A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrafine carbon powder, in particular to an ultrafine carbon powder and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of carbon material preparation.
- Ultra-fine carbon powder (including graphite powder, carbon fiber powder, etc.) with a particle size of less than 10 [xm has the characteristics of low melting point, high chemical activity, strong magnetism, good heat conduction, and abnormal absorption of electromagnetic waves. It is mainly used for conductive materials (electric Brushes, carbon rods, etc.), wear-resistant lubricating materials (dry powder graphite lubricant, piston cups, etc.).
- conductive materials electric Brushes, carbon rods, etc.
- wear-resistant lubricating materials dry powder graphite lubricant, piston cups, etc.
- carbon fiber powder which is a powdery carbon material obtained by secondary processing of high-strength and high-modulus carbon fiber filaments with a carbon content of more than 85%. It retains many of the carbon fibers.
- thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin, cyanate ester resin, dima resin, etc.
- curing agent etc.
- Carbon fiber powder is also widely used in metal-based carbon fiber composite materials and ceramic-based carbon fiber composite materials.
- the two major problems facing the preparation and use of ultrafine powder are the crushing and dispersion of the powder.
- the main pulverization processes for carbon powder include mechanical pulverization processes such as jet mills, vibration mills, and stirring mills, while the dispersion mostly uses dispersing agents for ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical dispersion, and chemical dispersion.
- the ultrafine pulverization technology has a long process flow, a complex process cycle, and a large investment in equipment, and it will greatly damage the integrity of the crystal structure of graphite or carbon fiber, and reduce the lubrication, thermal conductivity and other properties.
- the ultrafine powder tends to agglomerate during use. For example, when the graphite/copper composite is prepared by adding copper powder in the form of powder, the ultrafine graphite powder spontaneously aggregates during the mixing process, resulting in uneven distribution.
- Chinese patent CN 105088421B discloses a method for preparing carbon fiber powder, which mainly solves the problems of high energy consumption and low production efficiency in the prior art.
- the method for preparing carbon fiber powder used in the invention includes the following steps: ( 1) The continuous carbon fiber and the thermoplastic resin in the molten state are sheared, ground, and mixed to obtain a mixture of carbon fiber powder and the thermoplastic resin; (2) Use the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin The good solvent of the resin dissolves the thermoplastic resin in the above mixture; (3) The technical solution for obtaining the carbon fiber powder by solid-liquid separation, which satisfactorily solves the technical problem and can be used in the industrial production of carbon fiber powder
- Chinese patent CN 104098081B discloses a process for preparing carbon fiber powder with a small aspect ratio, which includes the following steps: A, binding; B, bonding; C, slicing or grinding; D, dissolving; E, separating; F. Purification.
- the invention provides a process for preparing carbon fiber powder with a small aspect ratio, and creates a brand-new production process. Yu B can produce carbon fiber powder with a smaller aspect ratio and fineness, thereby greatly improving the use effect of carbon fiber powder. , Promote the development of industries and enterprises.
- Chinese patent CN 104088132B discloses a carbon fiber powder surface modification method, the steps of which are to perform air burning pretreatment on the carbon fiber powder, and then immerse the pretreated carbon fiber powder into oxidation Surface modification of the liquid, and finally the modified carbon fiber powder is cleaned to obtain surface modified carbon fiber powder.
- the modified carbon fiber powder obtained by the method of the invention has good solvent wettability and dispersion stability. The interface binding ability is better.
- Japanese patent JPH10273882A discloses a method for preparing carbon fiber powder using polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, that is, firstly, the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber is slowly passed through an oven heated to 600 ⁇ 700°C (the passing time is based on the surface density of the carbon fiber It takes 0.5 minutes to 8 minutes) to remove the sizing agent on the carbon fiber (otherwise the carbon fiber is easy to bond when it is pulverized), and then cut short, pulverize, and (multiple) grinding to obtain carbon fiber powder.
- the length of the carbon fiber powder is average It is 3 ⁇ 30 (Vm), but the carbon fiber powder obtained in this patent has a wide particle size distribution, large particle size, and poor hardness, so it is not suitable for use as a reinforcing material.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrafine carbon powder and its preparation method and application.
- the present invention is an ultra-fine carbon powder
- the ultra-fine carbon powder is a soft ultra-fine carbon powder obtained by mechanically crushing degummed carbon fibers with the aid of metal powder, hard ultra-fine carbon powder, embedded in metal Ultrafine carbon powder inside the powder; the metal powder is not cemented carbide powder.
- An ultrafine carbon powder of the present invention wherein the cross section of the hard ultrafine carbon powder is polygonal; the number of sides of the polygon is greater than or equal to 4, and the particle size of the hard ultrafine carbon powder is 1 to 3 pm .
- there is no difference in particle size between soft ultrafine carbon powder and hard ultrafine carbon powder but there is a certain difference in hardness and graphitization degree.
- the graphitization degree is higher, the hardness is lower, and the nature is softer. This is because the degummed carbon fiber has a skin-core structure.
- the skin layer of the carbon fiber has a higher degree of graphitization than the core, the hardness is softer, but the characteristics of graphite are more obvious, such as lubricity; the hardness of the core is harder, but the graphite The characteristics are weak. Therefore, the corresponding soft ultra-fine carbon powder is formed by crushing the carbon fiber skin layer, which is slightly softer and has a higher degree of graphitization. Most of the hard ultra-fine carbon powder is formed by crushing the carbon fiber core, which is hard in nature and has a slightly lower degree of graphitization.
- the ultra-fine carbon powder provided by the present invention is obtained by mechanically crushing degummed carbon fibers, and metal powder is added during the crushing, which effectively controls the particle size distribution of the ultra-fine carbon powder, so that the obtained ultra-fine carbon powder ,
- the particle size is uniform, the particle size distribution is narrow, and the dispersion performance is good; at the same time, both the soft ultrafine carbon powder and the hard ultrafine carbon powder retain the microscopic crystal structure of carbon fiber, so it has the strength of carbon fiber, high conductivity, and oxidation resistance And other excellent characteristics.
- An ultrafine carbon powder of the present invention is a soft metal powder, and the soft metal is selected from at least one of silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and chromiumkind.
- the soft metal is selected from at least one of copper, iron, and nickel.
- a preparation method of ultrafine carbon powder of the present invention comprising the following steps,
- the speed of the ball mill is 220 ⁇ 350r/min; the time of the ball mill is> 6h;
- the mass ratio of the sum of the degummed short fiber and the soft metal powder and the mass of the ball milling ball is 1:5 ⁇ 8;
- the volume ratio of the soft metal powder to the degummed short carbon fiber is 2-19: 1-3.
- the technical scheme of the present invention uses soft metal as the soft ball milling medium to ball mill the degummed short carbon fiber, and the ball milling speed and the ball-to-battery ratio of the present invention can be used to achieve ultrafine carbon fiber and obtain particle size Uniform, narrowly distributed soft ultra-fine toner and hard ultra-fine toner that retain the carbon fiber microstructure.
- the ratio of the sum of the mass of the degummed short fiber and the soft metal powder to the mass of the ball milling ball is
- the diameter of the degummed short carbon fiber is 6 to 8 pm and the length is 1 to 4 mm.
- the diameter of the degummed short carbon fiber is 6 ⁇ 7 [ xm, and the length is 2 ⁇ 3mm.
- the particle size of the soft metal is 30-25 (Vm.
- the particle size of the soft metal is 100-15 (Vm.
- the rotation speed of the ball mill is 250 ⁇ 300r/min; and the time of the ball mill is 6 ⁇ 14h.
- the ball grinding ball is selected from at least one of stainless steel balls, cemented carbide balls and tungsten alloy balls
- the diameter of the ball milling ball is 3 mm to 10 mm.
- the diameter of the ball milling ball is 3mm-9mm.
- the ball milling ball is added in the following proportion according to the diameter of the ball milling ball, calculated by mass ratio:
- 3mm:4mm:5mm:6mm:7mm:8mm:9mm 3 ⁇ 5:7 ⁇ 9: 10 ⁇ 12: 18 ⁇ 22: 10 ⁇ 14:7 ⁇ 9:5 ⁇ 7:l ⁇ 2.
- the separation process includes the following steps:
- step 2 The sieve A obtained in step 1 is added to alcohol to obtain a mixed liquid, ultrasonically treated for 10 min to 30 min, the mixed liquid is vacuum dried to obtain a dry powder M, and the dry powder M is passed through 400 to 600 mesh Sieve to obtain an oversieve C and an undersieve D, where the undersieve D is a secondary soft ultrafine carbon powder; the particle size of the secondary soft ultrafine carbon powder is l ⁇ 3 [ xm;
- step 3 The oversize material C obtained in step 2 is heat-treated at 150 ⁇ 300°C for 30min ⁇ 60min under vacuum conditions, and then placed in liquid nitrogen for heat preservation treatment for 5 ⁇ 10min, and the processed oversize material C is added Obtain the slurry in alcohol, ultrasonically treat it for 10min-30min, dry the slurry in vacuum to obtain dry powder N, pass the dry powder N through a 400-600 mesh sieve to obtain oversieve E and undersieve F.
- Substance F is hard ultra-fine carbon powder
- oversieve E is ultra-fine carbon powder embedded in the metal powder
- the particle size of the ultra-fine carbon powder embedded in the metal powder is 1 to 3 [xm.
- the 400-600 mesh screening in step 1), step 2), and step 3) is selected from the ultrasonic stainless steel vibrating screen, the ultra-fine powder separation ultrasonic rotary vibrating screen, and the ordinary vibrating screen Any kind
- the vacuum drying temperature in step 2) and step 3) is 60-80°C.
- the carbon fiber is a microcrystalline graphite material obtained by stacking organic fibers such as flake graphite microcrystals along the fiber axial direction, and is obtained by carbonization and graphitization treatments, and therefore has the characteristics of being flexible outside and rigid inside.
- the degummed carbon fiber is first clamped between the soft metal powder and then broken.
- the soft carbon layer on the surface of the carbon fiber is preferentially broken, and part of it enters the ball milling tank, and the remaining part is still left in the soft metal In the powder, it participates in further crushing and inlaying, while the internal hard carbon layer is always embedded in the soft metal powder and is continuously broken. Therefore, a part of the soft ultrafine carbon powder is finally obtained in the ball milling tank, and the other part is bonded to the surface of the soft metal powder, while the hard ultrafine carbon powder is only embedded on the surface of the soft metal powder and embedded in the metal powder.
- both soft and hard ultrafine carbon powder maintain a structure similar to carbon fiber.
- the soft ultrafine carbon powder remaining in the ball mill can be obtained by direct screening, and the result is the first-grade soft ultrafine carbon powder of the present invention.
- the soft ultra-fine carbon powder adhered to the surface of the soft metal can be obtained by ultrasonic vibration combined with ultrasonic sieving.
- the resultant is the secondary soft ultra-fine carbon powder of the present invention, which is embedded on the surface of the soft metal.
- the hard ultra-fine carbon powder needs to use the huge thermal expansion coefficient difference between graphite and metal powder, after thermal expansion and contraction treatment, combined with ultrasonic vibration and ultrasonic sieving.
- the preparation method of the degummed short carbon fiber is: the short carbon fiber bundle is kept in a vacuum or a protective atmosphere at 650-800°C for 20-90 minutes to obtain the degummed short carbon fiber.
- the short carbon fiber bundles are kept at 700-800°C for 30-60 minutes under vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere to obtain degummed short carbon fibers.
- the length of the degummed short carbon fiber is consistent with the diameter and length of the carbon fiber monofilament in the short carbon fiber bundle.
- the degumming temperature has a certain effect on the properties of the final material, and that the degumming temperature is too high or too low to obtain the ultrafine carbon powder with myopic carbon fiber structure.
- An ultrafine carbon powder of the present invention is annealed soft ultrafine carbon powder to obtain ultrafine graphite powder.
- the soft ultrafine carbon powder is a carbon powder that is not completely graphitized, and the high temperature annealing treatment can further increase the graphitization degree of the soft ultrafine carbon powder and reduce the hardness of the powder.
- the annealing temperature is 650-1000° C.
- the annealing time is 5-30 min.
- the annealing atmosphere is a vacuum or a protective atmosphere.
- the present invention is an application of ultrafine carbon powder, wherein the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the metal powder is used to prepare carbon particle reinforced metal matrix composite materials.
- the ultrafine carbon powder designed and prepared by the present invention has a particle size of only 1 to 3 pm, and has a narrow particle size distribution, high purity, complete structure and similar to carbon fiber, so it retains the high thermal conductivity of carbon fiber , Excellent properties such as wear resistance and oxidation resistance.
- Raw material selection Short carbon fiber is used as the raw material. Since there are a large number of active functional groups on the surface of the carbon fiber, the long carbon fiber is directly crushed. The fibers are easy to agglomerate and cannot be broken. Therefore, short carbon fiber is selected to avoid this problem. .
- Short carbon fibers are not subjected to degumming treatment, or the temperature of the degumming treatment is too high, or the high-energy ball milling speed is too fast or too slow, or the choice of hard metal powder or inappropriate ball-to-battery ratio can not achieve similar carbon fiber Preparation of structured ultra-fine toner.
- the present invention adopts soft metal assisted ball milling.
- the carbon fiber is a microcrystalline graphite material obtained by piling up organic fibers such as flake graphite microcrystals along the fiber axial direction through carbonization and graphitization. It has the characteristics of soft outside and rigid inside.
- the degummed carbon fiber is first clamped between the soft metal powder and then broken.
- the soft carbon layer on the surface of the carbon fiber is preferentially broken, and part of it enters the ball milling tank, and the remaining part is still left in the soft metal In the powder, it participates in further crushing and inlaying, while the internal hard carbon layer is always embedded in the soft metal powder and is continuously broken. Therefore, in the end, part of the soft ultrafine carbon powder is left in the ball milling tank, and the other part is embedded on the surface of the soft metal powder, while the hard ultrafine carbon powder is only embedded On the surface of the soft metal powder and embedded in the powder.
- the ultrafine carbon powder prepared by the present invention maintains a structure similar to carbon fiber, whether it is soft or hard.
- the soft ultrafine carbon powder of the residual ball mill can be obtained by direct screening (the particle size of the soft metal powder is much larger than the ultrafine carbon powder), and the soft ultrafine carbon powder adhered to the surface of the soft metal can be obtained by ultrasonic Vibration combined with ultrasonic sieving can be obtained, while the hard ultra-fine carbon powder embedded on the surface of soft metal needs to be processed by thermal expansion and contraction of the metal powder, combined with ultrasonic vibration and ultrasonic sieving.
- the addition of soft metal powder is used in the ball milling process.
- it can effectively control the particle size of the obtained soft ultrafine carbon powder and hard ultrafine carbon powder.
- Ultra-fine carbon powder embedded in the metal powder can be obtained.
- soft and hard ultra-fine carbon powder has almost all the excellent characteristics of carbon fiber, such as high hardness, high conductivity, and high temperature resistance. Therefore, the prepared material It has good lubricating performance, electrical conductivity, high temperature resistance, etc., and can be used in industrial production fields including lubrication, electrical conductivity, metallurgy, refractory materials, such as graphite brushes, pure graphite pantographs, conductive coatings, battery anode materials, etc.
- soft graphite powder obtained by annealing soft carbon powder can be used.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the metal powder obtained by the present invention because the outside is metal powder, and the inside is carbon powder, it is applied to the metal powder as a whole.
- the present invention uses short carbon fiber as a raw material, combined with soft metal powder, adopts degumming treatment combined with suitable high-energy ball milling raw materials and processes and subsequent separation processes, not only to obtain ultrafine carbon with a complete structure and similar to carbon fiber Powder, soft ultra-fine carbon powder, hard ultra-fine carbon powder and ultra-fine carbon powder embedded in the metal powder are also separated, so that the three types of powders can give full play to their advantages.
- Fine The carbon powder is graphitized to obtain soft ultra-fine graphite powder with high graphitization degree, which is widely used.
- the present invention tried for the first time, using short carbon fibers prepared by a degumming treatment process, through high-energy ball milling with appropriate ball milling parameters and adding a soft metal particle size distribution control agent to prepare ultrafine carbon powder.
- the present invention has a preparation process It is simple (only degumming and ball milling), low cost, and all kinds of superfine carbon powders obtained have excellent and uniform performance, and have a good market prospect.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of ultrafine carbon powder provided by the present invention.
- Figure 2 is the SEM morphology of powder obtained by directly passing commercially available short carbon fibers through high-energy ball milling in Comparative Example 1;
- Figure 3 is the SEM morphology of powder obtained by high-energy ball milling of short carbon fibers degummed at 1000°C in Comparative Example 2;
- Figure 4 shows that the short carbon fiber degummed at 700°C in Comparative Example 3 is passed too high (600 r/min).
- Figure 5 shows the SEM morphology of the powder prepared by the short carbon fiber degummed at 700°C in the 250r/min high-energy ball milling method combined with the annealing treatment at 800°C in Example 1;
- FIG. 6 is the short carbon fiber 250r/min high-energy ball milling method of 700°C degumming treatment in Example 1 combined with 800°C annealing treatment to prepare the powder Raman spectrum; in the figure, from top to bottom, sequentially Superfine carbon powder, carbon fiber, degummed carbon fiber;
- FIG. 7 is a powder particle size distribution curve prepared by 250r/min high-energy ball milling method of short carbon fiber degummed at 700°C and annealing treatment at 800°C in Example 1.
- This embodiment 1 takes commercially available short carbon fibers as an object, and the commercially available short carbon fibers have a diameter of 7 pm and a length of 2 mm. Under vacuum conditions, the temperature is kept at 700°C for 60 min, and then the degumming process is performed; then it is added to the ball milling equipment together with the electrolytic copper powder for high-energy ball milling.
- the particle size of the electrolytic copper powder added is 10 (Vm; the electrolytic copper powder and the degumming short
- the volume ratio of carbon fiber is 4: 1, the ball milling speed is 250 r/min, the ball milling time is 6 h, the ball milling ball is stainless steel, the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm (ball milling ball diameter 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm
- the mass ratio of 8mm and 9mm is 4:8: 11:20:12:8:6: 1), the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the degummed short fiber and the electrolytic copper powder to the mass of the ball milling ball is 1:6.
- Step 1 Put the mixed powder on the ultra-fine powder separation ultrasonic rotary vibrating sieve for sieving treatment.
- the minimum mesh size of the sieve is 400 meshes.
- the under-sieve is the first-grade soft ultra-fine carbon powder.
- Step 2. Mix the sieve, the copper powder with superfine carbon powder embedded on the surface, and alcohol, and apply ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes to maintain the solution temperature at room temperature, and then vacuum dry the ultrasonic solution at 60°C to obtain a soft Ultra-fine carbon powder and copper powder with hard and ultra-fine carbon powder remaining on the surface are further sieved by ultra-fine powder separation ultrasonic rotary vibrating sieve.
- the minimum mesh size of the screen is 400 meshes, and the under-sieve is the second-level soft ultra-fine. Toner.
- Step 3 Put the copper powder on the sieve, that is, the copper powder with the hard ultra-fine carbon powder remaining on the surface, at 150°C for 30 minutes in a vacuum, and then directly place it in liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes, then mix it with alcohol, and perform ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes. After the ultrasonic solution was vacuum dried at 60°C, hard ultrafine carbon powder and ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the electrolytic copper powder were obtained. The ultrafine powder was further separated by an ultrasonic rotary vibrating sieve for screening treatment. The minimum mesh of the net is 400 meshes, the under-sieve is hard ultra-fine carbon powder, and the over-sieve is ultra-fine carbon powder embedded in the electrolytic copper powder.
- the ultrafine carbon powder (a mixture of primary and secondary soft ultrafine carbon powder and hard ultrafine carbon powder) obtained in Example 1 has a morphology as shown in Figure 5, which shows that the degumming treatment is combined With soft metal powder and a suitable high-energy ball milling process, the original short carbon fiber bundles are broken into granules with a particle size of about 1 ⁇ 3pm.
- Example 1 The particle size distribution curve of the ultrafine carbon powder obtained in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 7, the particle size is 1 to 3 pm, and the particle size distribution is narrow and symmetric.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the inside of the electrolytic copper powder obtained in Example 1 is applied to the preparation of ultrafine carbon particle reinforced copper Matrix composite material, in which the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the electrolytic copper powder is used as a whole with the electrolytic copper powder during application, the electrolytic copper powder finally forms the copper matrix, and the ultrafine carbon powder forms the reinforcement.
- the mass of the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the electrolytic copper powder refers to the total mass of the ultrafine carbon powder and the electrolytic copper powder.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the inside of the electrolytic copper powder obtained in Example 1 the particle size of the external electrolytic copper powder is 120 -, and in mass percentage: 99.0% of the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the inside of the electrolytic copper powder, 1% of silicon carbide powder is prepared and mixed in a V-type mixer to obtain a mixed powder.
- the prepared silicon carbide has a particle size of 10 (Vm.
- the obtained mixed powder is cold pressed at room temperature, the pressing pressure is 450 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 20 s.
- the prepared copper-based composite material compact is exposed to hydrogen Pressure sintering under the protection of atmosphere, sintering at 950 °C for 2 h, the heating rate and cooling rate of the furnace are both 12 °C/min, the pressure is 0.85MPa, and the ultrafine carbon particle reinforced copper matrix composite material is obtained.
- Copper matrix composite material The density is 98.3%, and the bending strength is 827MPa.
- This embodiment 2 takes commercially available short carbon fibers as an object, and the commercially available short carbon fibers have a diameter of 6 pm and a length of 2 mm. Under the protection of nitrogen, the temperature is kept at 800°C for 30 min, and the degumming process is carried out; then it is added with the reduced iron powder to the ball mill for high-energy ball milling.
- the particle size of the added reduced iron powder is 15 (Vm; reduced iron powder and degumming
- the volume ratio of short carbon fiber is 2:3, the ball milling speed is 300r/min, the ball milling time is 6 h, the ball milling balls are stainless steel balls and cemented carbide balls, and the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm (ball milling ball diameter 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, The mass ratio of 6 mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm is 4:8: 11:20: 12:8:6: 1), the mass ratio of the sum of the degummed short fiber and the reduced iron powder to the ball milling ball is 1:7 .
- Step 1 Place the mixed powder on the ultra-fine powder separation ultrasonic rotary vibrating sieve for screening treatment.
- the minimum mesh of the sieve is 500 meshes, and the under-sieve is the first-grade soft ultra-fine carbon powder.
- Step 3 Put the iron powder on the sieve, that is, the iron powder with the hard ultra-fine carbon powder remaining on the surface, under vacuum at 150°C for 30 minutes, and then directly place it in liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes, then mix it with alcohol, and ultrasonically treat it for 20 minutes.
- the structure of the ultrafine carbon powder (collectively referred to as primary and secondary soft ultrafine carbon powder and hard ultrafine carbon powder) obtained in Example 2 is similar to that of carbon fiber, with a particle size of 1 to 3 pm.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the iron powder obtained in Example 2 is used to prepare the ultrafine carbon particle reinforced iron-based composite material, wherein the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the iron powder is integrated with the iron powder during application The iron powder finally forms the copper matrix, while the ultrafine carbon powder forms the reinforcement.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the iron powder obtained in Example 2 has a particle size of 18 ⁇ m.
- the iron powder is cold pressed at room temperature, and the pressing pressure is 550 MPa, and the holding time is 20 s.
- the prepared ferroalloy compacts are pressure sintered under vacuum protection, sintered at 750 °C for 2 h, and then heated to 1100 °C for 2 h.
- the heating rate and cooling rate of the furnace are both 10-15 °C/min.
- the pressure is 0.45MPa to obtain ultra-fine iron carbide particles reinforced ferroalloy.
- the density of ferroalloy is 98.5% and the tensile strength is 750MPa.
- This embodiment 3 takes commercially available short carbon fibers as an object, and the commercially available short carbon fibers have a diameter of 6 ⁇ m and a length of 1 mm. Under vacuum conditions, the temperature is kept at 700°C for 30 minutes, and the degumming process is carried out; then it is added to the ball milling equipment together with the electrolytic nickel powder for high-energy ball milling.
- the particle size of the electrolytic nickel powder added is 10 (Vm; electrolytic nickel powder and degummed short carbon fiber
- the volume ratio of the ball mill is 19:1, the ball milling speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 14 h, the ball milling balls are stainless steel balls and cemented carbide balls, and the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm (ball milling ball diameter 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm
- the mass ratio of 7mm, 8mm and 9mm is 4:8: 11:20: 12:8:6: 1), the mass ratio of the sum of the degummed short fiber and the electrolytic nickel powder to the ball milling ball is 1:7.
- Step 1 Place the mixed powder on the ultra-fine powder separation ultrasonic rotary vibrating sieve for screening treatment.
- the minimum mesh of the sieve is 500 meshes, and the under-sieve is the first-grade soft ultra-fine carbon powder.
- Step 3 Put the on-screen material, that is, the nickel powder with the hard ultrafine carbon powder remaining on the surface under vacuum at 150°C for 30 minutes, directly put it in liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes, mix it with alcohol, and sonicate it for 20 minutes.
- the ultrasonic solution is vacuum-dried at 60°C, hard ultrafine carbon powder and nickel powder with residual hard ultrafine carbon powder are obtained, and the ultrafine powder is further separated by an ultrasonic rotary vibrating sieve for screening treatment.
- the minimum mesh is 500 meshes, the under-sieve is hard ultra-fine carbon powder, and the over-sieve is the ultra-fine carbon powder embedded in the nickel powder.
- the structure of the ultrafine carbon powder (collectively referred to as primary and secondary soft ultrafine carbon powder and hard ultrafine carbon powder) obtained in the third embodiment is similar to that of carbon fiber, with a particle size of 1 to 3 pm.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the nickel powder obtained in Example 3 is applied to the preparation of ultrafine carbon particle reinforced nickel-based composite materials, wherein the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the nickel powder is integrated with the nickel powder during application
- the nickel powder eventually forms a nickel matrix, while the ultrafine carbon powder forms a reinforcement.
- the mass of ultrafine carbon powder embedded in nickel powder refers to the total mass of ultrafine carbon powder and nickel powder.
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the nickel powder obtained in Example 3, wherein the particle size of the nickel powder is 180 pm, and in mass percentage: 96.0% of the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the nickel powder and 4% of alumina Prepare the powder and mix in the V-type mixer to obtain the mixed powder.
- the particle size of the prepared alumina is 12 (Vm.
- the obtained mixed powder is cold pressed at room temperature, the pressing pressure is 450 MPa, and the holding time is 20 s.
- the prepared nickel-based composite material compact is in hydrogen Pressure sintering under the protection of atmosphere, sintering at 1000 °C for 2 h, the heating rate and cooling rate of the furnace are both 10 ⁇ 15°C/min, the pressure is 0.5MPa, and the ultrafine carbon particle reinforced nickel-based composite material is obtained.
- Nickel-based composite The density of the material is 98.2%, and the tensile strength is 1450MPa.
- Example 2 The other conditions of this Comparative Example 2 are the same as those of Example 1, except that the degumming temperature is 1000°C.
- the degumming temperature is 1000°C.
- the speed is 250r/min
- the milling time is 6 h
- the ball milled is stainless steel ball
- the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm according to certain Proportioning to join (ball
- the mass ratio of the grinding ball diameters of 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm is 4:8: 11:20: 12: 8:6: 1)
- the sum of the mass of the degummed short fiber and the soft metal powder The mass ratio of ball milling balls is 1:6.
- the short carbon fiber is not obviously broken, and the morphology of the fiber after treatment is shown in Figure 3.
- Example 4 The other conditions of this Comparative Example 4 are the same as those of Example 1, except that no electrolytic copper powder is added during the ball milling process, and only commercially available short carbon fibers are used as the object. Under vacuum conditions, the temperature is maintained at 700°C for 60 min. Degumming treatment; After that, it is added to the ball milling equipment for high-energy ball milling, the speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 6 h, the ball milling ball is a stainless steel ball, the quality of the degummed short fiber and soft metal powder is the sum of the ball milling ball quality The ratio is 1:6. The carbon fibers are agglomerated into lumps, not broken.
- Example 2 The other conditions are the same as in Example 1, except that the commercially available short carbon fiber has a diameter of 7 pm and a length of 10 mm. Under vacuum conditions, heat preservation at 700°C for 60 min, and degumming; then add electrolytic copper powder to ball milling equipment for high-energy ball milling, the particle size of the added electrolytic copper powder is 150 pm; electrolytic copper powder and degummed short carbon fiber
- the volume ratio of the ball mill is 2:3, the ball milling speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 6 h, the ball milling ball is a stainless steel ball, and the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm (ball milling ball diameter 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm
- the mass ratio is 4:8:11:20:12:8:6:1), the mass ratio of the sum of the degummed short fiber and the electrolytic copper powder to the ball milling ball is 1:6. Because the short carbon fiber is too long, after 6 hours of ball milling, the
- Example 2 Other conditions are the same as in Example 1, except that the commercially available short carbon fiber has a diameter of 7 pm and a length of 1 mm. Under vacuum conditions, heat preservation at 700°C for 60 min, and degumming; then add electrolytic copper powder to ball milling equipment for high-energy ball milling, the particle size of the added electrolytic copper powder is 150 pm; electrolytic copper powder and degummed short carbon fiber
- the volume ratio of the ball mill is 25:1, the ball milling speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 6 hours, the ball milling ball is a stainless steel ball, and the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm (ball milling ball diameter 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9m
- the mass ratio of m is 4:8:11:20:12:8:6:1), the mass ratio of the sum of the degummed short fiber and the electrolytic copper powder to the mass of the ball milling ball is 1:6.
- the ultrafine carbon powder obtained after the broken is extremely limited. After the ball milling, the powder in the ball milling tank is collected, and the ball milling balls are picked out and separated. The separation procedure is the same as in Example 1. After separation, it was found that the amount of soft metal added in this example was too large, and the final amount of first-level soft ultrafine carbon powder, second-level soft ultrafine carbon powder, and hard ultrafine carbon powder was significantly less than in the example. In the mass obtained, most of the carbon powder is embedded in the soft metal.
- the particle size of the silicon carbide prepared therein is 20 (Vm.
- the obtained mixed powder is cold pressed at room temperature, and the pressing pressure is 450 MPa, the pressure holding time is 20 s, the prepared copper-based composite compacts are pressure sintered under the protection of hydrogen atmosphere, and sintered at 950 °C for 2 h.
- the heating rate and cooling rate of the furnace are both 12 °C/min. 0.35 MPa to obtain a copper-based composite material.
- the density of the copper-based composite material is 98% and the bending strength is 480MPa.
- Example 2 Other conditions are the same as in Example 1, except that the commercially available short carbon fiber has a diameter of 7 pm and a length of 1 mm. Under vacuum conditions, heat preservation at 700°C for 60 min, and degumming; then add electrolytic copper powder to ball milling equipment for high-energy ball milling, the particle size of the added electrolytic copper powder is 150 pm; electrolytic copper powder and degummed short carbon fiber
- the volume ratio of the ball mill is 1:1, the ball milling speed is 250r/min, the ball milling time is 6 hours, the ball milling ball is a stainless steel ball, and the ball diameter is 3mm ⁇ 10mm (ball milling ball diameter 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm
- the mass ratio is 4:8:11:20:12:8:6:1), the mass ratio of the sum of the degummed short fiber and the electrolytic copper powder to the ball milling ball is 1:6.
- the ball milling After the ball milling, after collecting the powder in the ball mill
- the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the inside of the electrolytic copper powder obtained in Comparative Example 7 the particle size of the copper powder is 180—, and 99.0% of the ultrafine carbon powder embedded in the inside of the electrolytic copper powder by mass percentage, silicon carbide 1 %
- silicon carbide 1 % Prepare powder and mix in a V-type mixer to obtain mixed powder.
- the particle size of the prepared silicon carbide is 20 (Hon.)
- the obtained mixed powder is cold pressed at room temperature, the pressing pressure is 450 MPa, and the holding time is 20 s.
- the prepared copper-based composite material compact is exposed to hydrogen Pressure sintering under the protection of atmosphere, sintering at 950 °C for 2 h, the heating rate and cooling rate of the furnace are both 12 °C/min, and the pressure is 0.65 MPa to obtain a copper-based composite material.
- the density of the copper-based composite material is 95% , The bending strength is 450MPa.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114685186A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-01 | 长沙诚智新材料科技有限公司 | 一种改性碳纤维、改性碳石墨材料及其制备方法 |
| CN117105684A (zh) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-24 | 中南大学 | 一种基于废弃碳碳复合材料制备高密度高强度碳材料的方法 |
| CN117886298A (zh) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-04-16 | 上海大学绍兴研究院 | 一种燃料电池用碳纸的制备方法 |
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| CN113061027B (zh) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-12-13 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | 球形陶瓷粉末表面细粉祛除方法、球形陶瓷粉末及应用 |
| US12191483B2 (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2025-01-07 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Positive electrode active material comprising sulfur-carbon composite and lithium-sulfur secondary battery comprising the same |
| KR20240078311A (ko) | 2022-11-25 | 2024-06-03 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 황-탄소 복합체를 포함하는 양극 활물질 및 고출력 특성을 갖는 리튬-황 이차전지 |
| CN118125859B (zh) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-09-06 | 安徽弘昌新材料股份有限公司 | 一种利用回收碳纤维制备轻质高强孔隙可调多孔碳砖的方法 |
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| CN107747070B (zh) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-12-13 | 中南大学 | 一种高温耐磨复合材料及其制备方法 |
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- 2019-01-15 CN CN201910034512.2A patent/CN109702211B/zh active Active
- 2019-04-04 JP JP2021540498A patent/JP7328712B2/ja active Active
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| JPH10273882A (ja) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-13 | Toray Ind Inc | 炭素繊維ミルドとその製造方法 |
| CN103333473A (zh) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-10-02 | 邱献腾 | 一种碳纤维或碳纤维粉末的复合材料及其加工工艺 |
| CN106086718A (zh) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 宁波宏协离合器有限公司 | 一种离合器铁基复合摩擦材料及其制备方法 |
| CN108018506A (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-11 | 湖南锴博新材料科技有限公司 | 一种短碳纤维改性高摩复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114685186A (zh) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-01 | 长沙诚智新材料科技有限公司 | 一种改性碳纤维、改性碳石墨材料及其制备方法 |
| CN117105684A (zh) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-24 | 中南大学 | 一种基于废弃碳碳复合材料制备高密度高强度碳材料的方法 |
| CN117886298A (zh) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-04-16 | 上海大学绍兴研究院 | 一种燃料电池用碳纸的制备方法 |
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| JP2022517022A (ja) | 2022-03-03 |
| JP7328712B2 (ja) | 2023-08-17 |
| CN109702211A (zh) | 2019-05-03 |
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