WO2020140475A1 - 一种列车悬挂装置及悬挂式单轨列车 - Google Patents

一种列车悬挂装置及悬挂式单轨列车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140475A1
WO2020140475A1 PCT/CN2019/105378 CN2019105378W WO2020140475A1 WO 2020140475 A1 WO2020140475 A1 WO 2020140475A1 CN 2019105378 W CN2019105378 W CN 2019105378W WO 2020140475 A1 WO2020140475 A1 WO 2020140475A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support
suspension device
inner support
train
train suspension
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/105378
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒲全卫
沈龙江
李小燕
周新鹏
高彬
刘余龙
张文涛
罗汉
郭庆升
蒋建辉
肖梯
王平平
曾伟
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电力机车有限公司
Priority to DE112019004780.9T priority Critical patent/DE112019004780B4/de
Priority to US17/282,387 priority patent/US20210387656A1/en
Publication of WO2020140475A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140475A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B3/00—Elevated railway systems with suspended vehicles
    • B61B3/02—Elevated railway systems with suspended vehicles with self-propelled vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/12—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers
    • B61F5/125—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating dampers with rubber elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
    • B61B13/04—Monorail systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61B—RAILWAY SYSTEMS; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61B3/00—Elevated railway systems with suspended vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/08—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating rubber springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/305—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating rubber springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and further relates to a train suspension device. In addition, the invention also relates to a suspended monorail train.
  • Suspension monorail is a unique rail transit train, which is different from the traditional steel wheel rail transit train supporting the car body from below through the steel rail.
  • the bogie of the suspended monorail is located above the car body, and the car body is suspended below the bogie
  • the location is suitable for areas with geographical and climatic conditions that do not have the construction of light rail and subway systems. It can also be used as an auxiliary branch of urban rail transit lines or a sightseeing tour line affected by tourism.
  • FIG. 1A it is a structural diagram of a suspended monorail car.
  • the suspension device 02 is the only force transmission part between the car body 03 and the bogie 01.
  • the suspension device 02 drives the car body 03 and the bogie 01 in three directions.
  • the force and the relative movement between the two are related to the safety and comfort of the train.
  • FIG. 1B is a traditional car body suspension structure diagram
  • the bolt 02 is rigidly connected between the suspension device 02 and the bolster 04 on the car body 03.
  • a total of four bolts 05 are required to fix the suspension device 02 and the bolster 04 together, and the rigid connection will be
  • the vibration on the bogie is directly transmitted to the car body, which affects the riding experience; the noise is transmitted to the car body through the bolts, which affects the noise level of the car body.
  • the invention provides a train suspension device, which uses a damping unit to buffer vibration and reduce noise.
  • a train suspension device includes a lifting rod and a connecting seat, the top of the lifting rod is connected to the bogie, and the connecting seat is installed at the bottom;
  • the damping unit for connecting the pillow beam and the connecting seat includes an inner support, an intermediate buffer and an outer support that are sequentially nested with each other from the inside to the outside, a hard outer wall of the inner support and the outer support The radial dimension of the inner wall gradually decreases vertically from one end to the other end, and the elastically deformable intermediate buffer member is sandwiched between the inner support member and the outer support member;
  • One of the inner support member and the outer support member is connected to the connecting seat, and the other is connected to the bolster beam, so that the inner support member and the outer support member have a relatively close tendency.
  • a vertical through bearing hole is formed on the connecting seat, and the bearing hole is used to limit the installation of the outer support; the outer wall of the inner support and the inner wall diameter of the outer support The dimension gradually decreases from top to bottom; the inner support is relatively fixed to the bolster beam.
  • annular supporting plate is provided at the bottom of the supporting hole, and the supporting plate supports the outer support from the bottom.
  • the inner wall of the bearing hole is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the inner wall of the bearing hole is provided with a bearing step, and the bearing step is used to cooperate with the outer step protruding from the outer surface of the outer support member.
  • a coupling cylinder is installed on the bolster beam, and the inner wall of the coupling cylinder is provided with an internal thread, which is fixed to the internal support by a threaded connection.
  • the top of the inner support is covered with a cover plate, and a coupling bolt is inserted through the middle of the cover plate, and the stud of the coupling bolt is inserted into the threaded connection in the coupling cylinder.
  • the top end of the coupling cylinder is higher than the upper surface of the bolster beam, and the bottom of the inner support member protrudes downward around the central through hole to set a limit ring, and the limit ring can be inserted into the Inside the coupling tube;
  • the upper contact surface at the top of the coupling cylinder and the lower contact surface at the bottom of the inner support are mutually matched finishing surfaces.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the bolster beam and the lower surface of the connecting seat is 5-10 mm; the coupling cylinder is welded and fixed to the bolster beam, and the bottom of the outer surface of the coupling cylinder is provided with a ring-shaped Support the convex edge of the lower surface of the bolster.
  • a center of the bottom of the cover plate protrudes downward to set a limit table, the limit table is inserted into the inner cavity of the inner support, and can contact the inner wall of the inner support to limit the position.
  • the intermediate buffer has a tapered cylindrical shape, and the outer surface of the inner support and the inner surface of the outer support are tapered.
  • the intermediate buffer member is rubber, and the inner support member, the intermediate buffer member and the outer support member are integrated by vulcanization.
  • the intermediate cushioning member has a ring-shaped step shape, and the outer surface of the inner support member and the inner surface of the outer support member are stepped surfaces that cooperate with and press the intermediate cushioning member.
  • the invention also provides a suspended monorail train, including the train suspension device according to any one of the above.
  • the invention provides a train suspension device.
  • the top end of the hoisting rod is connected to the bogie, and a connecting seat is installed at the bottom; the bolster beam and the connecting seat are relatively connected by a damping unit.
  • the intermediate buffer member and the outer support member, the outer wall of the rigid inner support member and the inner wall of the outer support member have a radial dimension gradually decreasing from one end to the other end in the vertical direction, and one of the inner support member and the outer support member is connected to the connecting seat Connected, the other is connected to the bolster.
  • the inner support and the outer support have a relatively close tendency.
  • the two cannot be relatively separated; the inner support and the outer support When the parts are relatively close to each other, the middle buffer will be squeezed, and the middle buffer will be elastically deformed. When the inner support and the outer support impact each other, they will play a buffering effect.
  • the connecting seat and the bolster are not directly connected. The vibration and noise on the board play an isolation effect and improve the ride comfort of the car body.
  • the invention also provides a suspended monorail train including the above-mentioned train suspension device, which can achieve the same technical effect.
  • Figure 1A is a structural diagram of a suspended monorail vehicle
  • Figure 1B is a diagram of a conventional car body suspension structure
  • FIG. 2A is a structural diagram of a lifting rod and a connecting seat in a train suspension device provided by the present invention
  • 2B is a structural diagram of the assembly of the lifting rod, the connecting seat and the pillow beam;
  • FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional structural view of the connection between the bolster beam and the connecting seat through the damping unit;
  • Fig. 3B is a perspective isometric view of the damping unit at an angle
  • 3C is a cross-sectional isometric view of the damping unit at another angle
  • Figure 4A is an isometric view of a bolster beam
  • 4B is a cross-sectional isometric view of a bolster beam
  • 4C is a partial cross-sectional view of the bolster beam and the coupling tube interacting with each other;
  • FIG. 5 is a front cross-sectional view of another structure of the damping unit.
  • the figure includes:
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a train suspension device, which uses damping units to buffer vibration and reduce noise.
  • the train suspension device provided by the present invention includes a hoisting rod 1 and a connecting seat 2.
  • FIG. 2A it is a structural diagram of the hoisting rod 1 and the connecting seat 2 in the train suspension device provided by the present invention.
  • the hoisting rod 1 is arranged vertically.
  • the top end of the hoisting rod 1 is connected to the bogie, and the displacement is driven by the bogie.
  • the bottom of the hoisting rod 1 is installed with a connecting seat 2.
  • the connecting base 2 is relatively connected to the bolster beam 4, as shown in FIG.
  • the hoisting rod 1 and the connecting seat 2 The structural diagram of the mutual assembly of the pillow beam 4 and the pillow beam 4 are hoisted through the connecting base 2; the lifting rod 1 and the connecting base 2 can be hinged to each other or fixedly connected, and these specific connection forms should be protected by the present invention; As shown in FIG. 2A, the connecting base 2 has four branches and four connecting positions with the bolster beam 4, but the present invention is not limited to four branches, and more branches may be provided, or an integral block structure may be adopted Connected with bolster 4.
  • the damping unit 3 is used to connect the bolster beam 4 and the connecting seat 2, so that the bolster beam 4 and the connecting seat 2 realize a non-rigid connection, as shown in FIG. 3A, the cross section between the bolster beam 4 and the connecting seat 2 connected by the damping unit 3 Structural drawing; from inside to outside, the damping unit 3 includes an inner support 31, an intermediate buffer 32 and an outer support 33 which are nested in sequence with each other.
  • the inner support 31 and the outer support 33 are made of hard material and have sufficient Rigidity, which is made of metal, such as steel and other materials; the outer wall of the inner support 31 and the inner wall of the outer support 33 have radial dimensions that gradually decrease from one end to the other in the vertical direction, and the damping unit 3 and the connection base 2 are assembled with each other
  • the radial direction of the outer wall of the inner support 31 and the inner wall of the outer support 33 can be gradually reduced from top to bottom or from bottom to top; here is divided into two cases, which will be described in detail later;
  • the inner wall herein means that for the inner support 31 and the outer support 33 alone, the center is inward, and the center is out.
  • the intermediate buffer 32 can be elastically deformed, deformed after being pressed, and can be restored to its original size after the external force is removed; the intermediate buffer 32 is sandwiched between the inner support 31 and the outer support 33 to buffer the inner support 31 and The impact force between the outer supports 33 prevents the two from directly contacting to produce an impact.
  • One of the inner support member 31 and the outer support member 33 is connected to the connecting seat 2 and the other is connected to the bolster beam 4, which is a structure connected to the top of the vehicle body, as shown in FIG. 4A, is the bolster beam 4
  • the axonometric drawing of the present invention is explained by taking an H-shaped bolster beam as an example; when the assembly is completed, the structure connected to the bolster beam 4 produces downward gravity, which is transferred from the damping unit 3 to the connecting seat 2; the damping unit 3
  • the inner support member 31 and the outer support member 33 generate an interaction force, and the inner support member 31 and the outer support member 33 have a relatively close tendency to exert a pressing effect on the intermediate buffer member 32.
  • An elastically deformable intermediate buffer member 32 is provided between the inner support member 31 and the outer support member 33.
  • the intermediate buffer member 32 can buffer vertical and horizontal Applied force to prevent the vibration and noise caused by the relative impact between the inner support member 31 and the outer support member 33; since the intermediate buffer member 32 can be elastically deformed, it has a great effect on the sound, from the lifting rod 1 and the connecting seat 2 to the bolster 4 The transmitted noise is greatly reduced. If only for reducing noise, the intermediate buffer member 32 may also use rigid sound-absorbing materials.
  • the present invention provides a specific arrangement form, and a vertically penetrating bearing hole 21 is provided on the connecting seat 2, the bearing hole 21 is used to limit the installation of the outer support 33, and the bearing hole 2 is defined
  • the position of the outer support member 33 provides support force to the outer support member 33; the inner support member 31 is relatively fixed to the bolster beam 4.
  • the outer support 33 is connected to the connecting base 2, the inner support 31 is connected to the bolster 4, the radial dimensions of the outer wall of the inner support 31 and the inner wall of the outer support 33 gradually decrease from top to bottom;
  • the bolster beam 4 is relatively fixed.
  • the bolster beam 4 exerts downward tension on the inner support 31.
  • the inner support 31 has a tendency to move downward. Since the inner wall of the outer support 33 shrinks from top to bottom, Therefore, the outer support 33 plays a supporting role on the inner support 31, and the inner support 31 cannot fall.
  • the invention also includes the outer wall of the inner support 31 and the inner wall of the outer support 33.
  • the radial dimensions of the inner support gradually decrease from the bottom to the top. No drawings are provided for this article. It is conceivable that the outer support 33 and the bolster 4 Relatively connected, the outer support 33 bears the downward gravity of the pillow beam 4, and the inner support 31 is connected to the upper connecting seat 2. Since the outer surface of the inner support 31 gradually increases from top to bottom, it can block the outer support 33 Falling, this type of connection can have the same technical effect, so these two arrangements should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • an annular supporting plate 22 is provided at the bottom of the supporting hole 21, and the supporting plate 22 supports the outer support 33 from the bottom.
  • the supporting plate 22 may be made of a circular metal plate, the opening of the center of the supporting plate 22 is smaller than the bottom of the outer support 33, the bottom of the outer support 33 and the top of the supporting plate 22 Surface contact provides support to the external support 33.
  • the inner wall of the support hole 21 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, that is, the support hole 21 can be formed by rolling a steel plate, which is convenient for manufacturing; the inner wall of the support hole 21 is provided with a support step 23, as shown in FIG. 3A , The inner diameter of the inner wall of the supporting hole 21 above the supporting step 23 is larger than the following part, which is equivalent to protruding a set of bosses inwardly at the portion near the supporting hole 21; as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C , Respectively, is a cross-sectional isometric view of the damping unit 3 at two different angles.
  • An outer step 331 is protruded from the outer wall of the outer support 33, which is equivalent to a ring of protrusions protruding outward from the upper part of the outer support 33.
  • the supporting step 23 is used for supporting and supporting the outer step 331 protruding from the outer surface of the outer support 33. It is conceivable that the supporting step 23 or the outer step 331 of the inner wall of the supporting hole 21 can also adopt a split structure, and these specific arrangement methods should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the bolster beam 4 is provided with a coupling barrel 41.
  • the coupling barrel 41 can be fixed relative to the bolster beam 4 and can also be movably connected, but the coupling barrel 41 should be able to support the bolster beam 4; the inner wall of the coupling barrel 41 is provided with internal threads and internal supports 31 is fixed by screw connection.
  • the top of the inner support 31 is covered with a cover plate 51. As shown in FIG. 3A, a hole is provided in the center of the cover plate 51, and a coupling bolt 52 is provided through the middle of the cover plate 51. The coupling bolt 52 passes through the opening from top to bottom. The stud of the coupling bolt 52 is inserted into the internal screw connection of the coupling cylinder 41, and the bolt head of the coupling bolt 52 is blocked and limited by the opening in the cover plate 51.
  • FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional isometric view of the bolster beam 4
  • FIG. 4C is a partial cross-sectional view of the bolster beam 4 and the coupling cylinder 41 cooperating with each other; the inner diameter of the upper part of the coupling cylinder 41 is larger and larger than the stud of the coupling bolt 52, which is convenient for When inserted downward, the inner diameter of the lower part of the coupling cylinder 41 is small, and an internal thread is provided here for screw connection with the stud of the coupling bolt 52.
  • the top of the coupling tube 41 in the present invention is higher than the upper surface of the bolster beam 4; as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, the bottom of the inner support 31 protrudes downward around the central through hole
  • a limit ring 311 is provided.
  • the limit ring 311 protrudes downward from the lower contact surface 312.
  • the limit ring 311 may be a whole ring, or a plurality of split structures distributed in a ring shape.
  • the limit ring 311 can Inserted into the coupling cylinder 41, it is used to define the circumferential positions of the damping unit 3 and the coupling cylinder 41, so as to avoid relative lateral misalignment.
  • the upper contact surface 411 at the top of the coupling cylinder 41 and the lower contact surface 312 at the bottom of the inner support 31 are mutually matched finishing surfaces, ensuring that the upper contact surface 411 and the lower contact surface 312 are horizontal, both Full contact during lamination, to avoid relative movement of the inner support 31 and the coupling barrel 41, and also to ensure that the coupling bolt 52 is in a vertical state after assembly. If the upper contact surface 411 and the lower contact surface 312 are uneven, there will be movement The connecting bolt 52 generates bending stress, and setting it as a finished surface can reduce the possibility of bending stress.
  • the coupling tube 41 protrudes from the upper surface of the pillow beam 4, and there are only a pair of smaller contact surfaces, the upper contact surface 411 and the lower contact surface 312. If the top of the coupling tube 41 is flush with the upper surface of the pillow beam 4, the seat cannot be connected The lower surface of 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the bolster beam 4. In order to avoid the bending stress of the coupling bolt 52, a larger surface needs to be processed. Therefore, the present invention adopts a configuration in which the coupling cylinder 41 protrudes upward, and the processing complexity can also be reduced.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the bolster beam 4 and the lower surface of the connecting seat 2 is 5 to 10 mm, inclusive, that is, the coupling tube 41 protrudes upward from the upper surface of the bolster beam 4 by about 5 to 10 mm;
  • the coupling cylinder 41 is welded and fixed to the bolster beam 4, and the bottom of the outer surface of the coupling cylinder 41 is provided with a ring-shaped convex edge.
  • the outer diameter of the convex edge is larger than the outer diameter of the main body of the coupling cylinder 41, which can support the bolster beam 4. If the welding fails, the convex edge supports the secondary protection.
  • the bottom of the cover plate 51 of the present invention protrudes downwards to provide a limiter, which is inserted into the inner cavity of the inner support 31 and can contact the inner wall of the inner support 31 to limit the position to prevent the cover
  • the plate 51 moves laterally to avoid shearing forces on the coupling bolt 52.
  • the intermediate buffer 32 of the present invention has a tapered cylindrical shape, and the outer surface of the inner support 31 and the inner surface of the outer support 33 are tapered.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the intermediate buffer 32 are tapered surfaces, which is a smooth transition structure.
  • the diameter of the intermediate buffer 32 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the diameter change is smooth transition .
  • the outer surface of the inner support 31 and the inner surface of the intermediate buffer 32 are also tapered, and the inner surface of the outer support 33 and the outer surface of the intermediate buffer 32 are also tapered.
  • the intermediate buffer 32 in the present invention is rubber
  • the inner support 31, the intermediate buffer 32 and the outer support 32 are vulcanized into one body
  • the entire damping unit 3 is a whole.
  • the present invention provides another structure, as shown in FIG. 5, which is a front cross-sectional view of another structure of the damping unit 3; the intermediate buffer 32 is annular
  • the diameter of the intermediate buffer 32 gradually decreases from top to bottom, but the reduction is abrupt, and the overall trend is to decrease from top to bottom.
  • the outer surface of the inner support 31 and the inner surface of the intermediate buffer 32 are pressed tightly, and are stepped, and the inner surface of the outer support 33 and the outer surface of the intermediate buffer 32 are in contact, and are also stepped.
  • the shapes of the inner surface of the inner support 31 and the outer surface of the outer support 33 can be set accordingly as needed.
  • two step structures are provided, and a larger number of steps can also be provided as needed.
  • the invention also provides a suspended monorail train, which includes any one of the above-mentioned train suspension devices, and the suspended monorail train can achieve the same technical effect.

Abstract

一种列车悬挂装置，枕梁（4）和连接座（2）通过阻尼单元（3）相对连接，内支撑件（31）的外壁和外支撑件（33）的内壁径向尺寸沿竖向从一端向另一端逐渐缩小，内支撑件（31）和外支撑件（33）中的其中一个与连接座（2）相连接，另一个与枕梁（4）相连，在使用时内支撑件（31）和外支撑件（33）具有相对靠近的趋势，由于两者相互靠近的表面呈渐缩设置，两者无法相对分离；内支撑件（31）和外支撑件（33）相对靠近时对中间缓冲件（32）产生挤压作用，中间缓冲件（32）可弹性变形，当内支撑件（31）和外支撑件（33）相互冲击时起到缓冲效果，连接座（2）和枕梁（4）并不直接固连，对转向架上的振动和噪音起到隔绝效果，提高车体的乘坐舒适性。一种包含上述列车悬挂装置的悬挂式单轨列车可实现相同的技术效果。

Description

一种列车悬挂装置及悬挂式单轨列车
本申请要求于2019年1月2日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910002223.4、发明名称为“一种列车悬挂装置及悬挂式单轨列车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆技术领域，更进一步涉及一种列车悬挂装置。此外，本发明还涉及一种悬挂式单轨列车。
背景技术
悬挂式单轨车是一种独特的轨道交通列车，不同于传统的钢轮钢轨轨道交通列车通过钢轨从下方支撑车体，悬挂式单轨车的转向架位于车体上方，车体悬挂在转向架以下的位置，其适用于地理气候条件不具备修建轻轨、地铁系统的地区，也可作为城市轨道交通线路的辅助支线或旅游影响的观光游览线。
如图1A所示，为悬挂式单轨车的结构图，悬挂装置02是车体03和转向架01之间唯一的传力部件，悬挂装置02传动车体03和转向架01之间三个方向的作用力和二者之间的相对运动，关乎列车的走行安全和乘坐舒适性。
由于车体03位于转向架01的下方，车体03悬挂在空中，车体上的主要设备布置在车体顶部，车体顶部空间有限，如图1B所示，为传统的车体悬挂结构图，悬挂装置02和车体03上的枕梁04之间采用螺栓05刚性连接，如图1B所示，共需设置四个螺栓05，将悬挂装置02和枕梁04固定为一体，刚性连接会导致转向架上的振动直接传递到车体，影响乘坐体验；噪音通过螺栓传递到车体上，影响车体的噪音水平。
对于本领域的技术人员来说，如何降低车体的振动和噪音水平，是目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种列车悬挂装置，通过阻尼单元实现缓冲振动和降低噪音的作用，具体方案如下：
一种列车悬挂装置，包括吊装杆和连接座，所述吊装杆的顶端连接于转向架，底部安装所述连接座；
用于连接枕梁和所述连接座的阻尼单元从内到外包括依次相互套装的内支撑件、中间缓冲件和外支撑件，硬质的所述内支撑件的外壁和所述外支撑件的内壁径向尺寸沿竖向从一端向另一端逐渐缩小，可弹性变形的所述中间缓冲件夹装于所述内支撑件和所述外支撑件之间；
所述内支撑件和所述外支撑件中的其中一个与连接座相连接，另一个与所述枕梁相连，使所述内支撑件和所述外支撑件具有相对靠近的趋势。
可选地，所述连接座上开设竖向贯通的承托孔，所述承托孔用于限位安装所述外支撑件；所述内支撑件的外壁和所述外支撑件的内壁径向尺寸从上向下逐渐缩小；所述内支撑件与所述枕梁相对固定。
可选地，所述承托孔的底部设置环形的承托板，所述承托板从底部支撑所述外支撑件。
可选地，所述承托孔的内壁垂直于水平面；所述承托孔的内壁设置承托台阶，所述承托台阶用于与所述外支撑件外表面凸出的外台阶配合支撑。
可选地，所述枕梁上安装联结筒，所述联结筒的内壁设置内螺纹，与所述内支撑件通过螺纹连接固定。
可选地，所述内支撑件的顶部覆盖设置盖板，所述盖板的中部贯穿设置联结螺栓，所述联结螺栓的螺柱插入所述联结筒内螺纹连接。
可选地，所述联结筒的顶端高于所述枕梁的上表面，所述内支撑件的底部围绕中心的通孔向下凸出设置限位环，所述限位环能够插入所述联结筒内；
所述联结筒顶端的上接触面和所述内支撑件底部的下接触面为相互配合的精加工面。
可选地，所述枕梁的上表面与所述连接座下表面的间距为5～10mm；所述联结筒与所述枕梁焊接固定，且所述联结筒的外表面底部设置环形的能够承托所述枕梁下表面的凸沿。
可选地，所述盖板的底部中间向下凸出设置限位台，所述限位台插入所述内支撑件的内腔中，并能够与所述内支撑件的内壁接触限位。
可选地，所述中间缓冲件呈锥筒形，所述内支撑件的外表面和所述外支撑件的内表面为锥形面。
可选地，所述中间缓冲件为橡胶，所述内支撑件、所述中间缓冲件和所述外支撑件经硫化成为一体。
可选地，所述中间缓冲件呈环形的阶梯状，所述内支撑件的外表面和所述外支撑件的内表面为与所述中间缓冲件配合紧压的阶梯面。
本发明还提供一种悬挂式单轨列车，包括权上述任一项所述的列车悬挂装置。
本发明提供了一种列车悬挂装置，吊装杆的顶端连接于转向架，底部安装连接座；枕梁和连接座通过阻尼单元相对连接，阻尼单元从内到外包括依次相互套装的内支撑件、中间缓冲件和外支撑件，硬质的内支撑件的外壁和外支撑件的内壁径向尺寸沿竖向从一端向另一端逐渐缩小，内支撑件和外支撑件中的其中一个与连接座相连接，另一个与枕梁相连，在使用时内支撑件和外支撑件具有相对靠近的趋势，由于两者相互靠近的表面呈渐缩设置，两者无法相对分离；内支撑件和外支撑件相对靠近时对中间缓冲件产生挤压作用，中间缓冲件可弹性变形，当内支撑件和外支撑件相互冲击时起到缓冲效果，连接座和枕梁并不直接固连，对转向架上的振动和噪音起到隔绝效果，提高车体的乘坐舒适性。
本发明还提供一种包含上述列车悬挂装置的悬挂式单轨列车，可实现相同的技术效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A为悬挂式单轨车的结构图；
图1B为传统的车体悬挂结构图；
图2A为本发明提供的列车悬挂装置中吊装杆和连接座的结构图；
图2B为吊装杆、连接座和枕梁相互装配的结构图；
图3A为枕梁和连接座之间通过阻尼单元连接的剖面结构图；
图3B为阻尼单元一个角度的剖面轴测图；
图3C为阻尼单元另一角度的剖面轴测图；
图4A为枕梁的轴测图；
图4B为枕梁的剖面轴测图；
图4C为枕梁和联结筒相互配合的局部剖面图；
图5为阻尼单元另一种结构的正视剖面图。
图中包括：
吊装杆1、连接座2、承托孔21、承托板22、承托台阶23、阻尼单元3、内支撑件31、限位环311、下接触面312、中间缓冲件32、外支撑件33、外台阶331、枕梁4、联结筒41、上接触面411、盖板51、联结螺栓52。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心在于提供一种列车悬挂装置，通过阻尼单元实现缓冲振动和降低噪音的作用。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面将结合附图及具体的实施方式，对本发明的列车悬挂装置和悬挂式单轨列车进行详细介绍说明。
本发明提供的列车悬挂装置包括吊装杆1和连接座2，如图2A所示，为本发明提供的列车悬挂装置中吊装杆1和连接座2的结构图，吊装杆1呈竖向设置，吊装杆1的顶端连接于转向架，由转向架驱动产生位移，吊装杆1的底部安装连接座2，连接座2与枕梁4相对连接，如图2B所示，为吊装杆1、连接座2和枕梁4相互装配的结构图，通过连接座2吊装枕梁4；吊装杆1与连接座2可相互铰接，也可采用固定连接，这些具体的 连接形式都应受到本发明的保护；如图2A所示，连接座2具有四个分支，与枕梁4具有四个连接位置，但本发明并不仅限位于四个分支，也可设置更多分支，或者采用一块整体的块状结构与枕梁4连接。
阻尼单元3用于连接枕梁4和连接座2，使枕梁4和连接座2实现非刚性连接，如图3A所示，为枕梁4和连接座2之间通过阻尼单元3连接的剖面结构图；阻尼单元3从内到外包括依次相互套装的内支撑件31、中间缓冲件32和外支撑件33，内支撑件31和外支撑件33均为硬质材料制成，具有足够的刚性，其由金属制成，例如钢材等材料；内支撑件31的外壁和外支撑件33的内壁径向尺寸沿竖向从一端向另一端逐渐缩小，以阻尼单元3与连接座2相互装配后的方向进行说明，内支撑件31的外壁和外支撑件33的内壁径向尺寸可从上向下逐渐缩小，也可从下向上逐渐缩小；此处分为两种情况，以后文中详细说明；本文中的内壁是指对于内支撑件31和外支撑件33单独而言，靠近中心为内，远离中心为外。
中间缓冲件32可发生弹性变形，受挤压后发生形变，外力去除后可恢复初始尺寸；中间缓冲件32夹装于内支撑件31和外支撑件33之间，可缓冲内支撑件31和外支撑件33之间的冲击力，防止两者直接接触产生撞击。
内支撑件31和外支撑件33中的其中一个与连接座2相连接，另一个与枕梁4相连，枕梁4是连接在车体顶部的结构，如图4A所示，为枕梁4的轴测图，本发明以H型枕梁为例进行说明；当装配完成后，与枕梁4相连的结构产生向下的重力，重力由阻尼单元3传递到连接座2；阻尼单元3中的内支撑件31和外支撑件33产生相互作用力，内支撑件31和外支撑件33具有相对靠近的趋势，对中间缓冲件32产生挤压作用。
内支撑件31和外支撑件33之间设置可弹性变形的中间缓冲件32，当内支撑件31和外支撑件33受到冲击产生相对运动时，通过中间缓冲件32可以缓冲竖向和横向的作用力，防止内支撑件31和外支撑件33相对撞击产生的振动和噪音；由于中间缓冲件32可弹性变形，对声音有极大的削弱效果，从吊装杆1和连接座2向枕梁4传播的噪音得到极大降低。若仅为了降低噪音，中间缓冲件32也可采用刚性的吸音材料。
在上述方案的基础上，本发明提供一种具体的设置形式，连接座2上 开设竖向贯通的承托孔21，承托孔21用于限位安装外支撑件33，承托孔2限定外支撑件33的位置，对外支撑件33提供支撑力；内支撑件31与枕梁4相对固定。此方案中外支撑件33与连接座2相连，内支撑件31与枕梁4相连，内支撑件31的外壁和外支撑件33的内壁径向尺寸从上向下逐渐缩小；内支撑件31与枕梁4相对固定，如图3A所示，枕梁4对内支撑件31产生向下的拉力，内支撑件31具有向下运动的趋势，由于外支撑件33的内壁由上向下缩小，因此外支撑件33对内支撑件31起到承托作用，内支撑件31无法下落。
本发明还包括内支撑件31的外壁和外支撑件33的内壁径向尺寸从下向上逐渐缩小，本文对此并未提供附图，可以想到的是，此时外支撑件33与枕梁4相对连接，外支撑件33承受枕梁4向下的重力，内支撑件31与上方的连接座2相连，由于内支撑件31的外表面由上向下逐渐增大，可阻挡外支撑件33下落，此种连接形式可起到相同的技术效果，因而这两种设置形式均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
更进一步，本发明中承托孔21的底部设置环形的承托板22，承托板22从底部支撑外支撑件33。如图3A所示，承托板22可采用圆环形的金属板制成，承托板22中心的开孔小于外支撑件33的底部，外支撑件33的底部与承托板22的顶面接触，对外支撑件33提供支撑。
优选地，本发明中承托孔21的内壁垂直于水平面，也即承托孔21可采用钢板卷弯成型，便于加工制造；承托孔21的内壁设置承托台阶23，如图3A所示，承托孔21的内壁在承托台阶23以上的部分内径大于以下的部分，相当于在承托孔21靠近下方的部分向内凸出设置一圈凸台；如图3B和图3C所示，分别为阻尼单元3两个不同角度的剖面轴测图，在外支撑件33的外壁凸出设置外台阶331，相当于在外支撑件33靠上的部分向外凸出设置一圈凸块，承托台阶23用于与外支撑件33外表面凸出的外台阶331配合支撑。可以想到的是，承托孔21内壁的承托台阶23或外台阶331也可采用分体式的结构，这些具体的设置方式都应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
枕梁4上安装联结筒41，联结筒41可相对于枕梁4固定，也可活动 连接，但联结筒41应能承托枕梁4；联结筒41的内壁设置内螺纹，与内支撑件31通过螺纹连接固定。
内支撑件31的顶部覆盖设置盖板51，如图3A所示，盖板51的中心设置开孔，盖板51的中部贯穿设置联结螺栓52，联结螺栓52从上向下穿过开孔，联结螺栓52的螺柱插入联结筒41内螺纹连接，联结螺栓52的螺栓头被盖板51上的开孔阻挡限位。
图4B为枕梁4的剖面轴测图，图4C为枕梁4和联结筒41相互配合的局部剖面图；联结筒41靠上部分的内径较大，大于联结螺栓52的螺柱，便于向下插入，联结筒41靠下部分的内径较小，此处设置内螺纹，用于与联结螺栓52的螺柱配合螺纹连接。
更进一步，如图4A所示，本发明中联结筒41的顶端高于枕梁4的上表面；如图3B和图3C所示，内支撑件31的底部围绕中心的通孔向下凸出设置限位环311，限位环311向下凸出于下接触面312，限位环311可为一整个圆环，也可为多个呈环状分布的分体结构，限位环311能够插入联结筒41内，用于限定阻尼单元3和联结筒41的周向位置，避免相对横向错开。
为了进一步提高装配效果，在联结筒41顶端的上接触面411和内支撑件31底部的下接触面312为相互配合的精加工面，确保上接触面411和下接触面312呈水平，两者贴合时完全接触，避免内支撑件31和联结筒41相对窜动，也可保证联结螺栓52装配后处于竖直状态，若上接触面411和下接触面312不平整出现窜动，会对联结螺栓52产生弯曲应力，设置为精加工面可降低弯曲应力出现的可能。
联结筒41凸出于枕梁4的上表面，仅有上接触面411和下接触面312这对较小的接触面，若联结筒41顶端与枕梁4上表面齐平，则无法连接座2的下表面与枕梁4的上表面接触，为了避免联结螺栓52出现弯曲应力，需要加工更大的表面，因而本发明采用联结筒41向上凸出的设置形式，还可降低加工复杂度。
优选地，本发明中枕梁4的上表面与连接座2下表面的间距为5～10mm，包含端点值，也即联结筒41向上凸出于枕梁4的上表面约为 5～10mm；如图3A所示，联结筒41与枕梁4焊接固定，且联结筒41的外表面底部设置环形的凸沿，凸沿的外径大于联结筒41主体的外径，能够承托枕梁4的下表面，若焊接失效，通过凸沿承托，起到二次保护的作用。
优选地，本发明中的盖板51的底部中间向下凸出设置限位台，限位台插入内支撑件31的内腔中，并能够与内支撑件31的内壁接触限位，防止盖板51横向移动，避免对联结螺栓52产生剪切力。
在上述任一技术方案及其相互组合的基础上，本发明的中间缓冲件32呈锥筒形，内支撑件31的外表面和外支撑件33的内表面为锥形面。此结构请参考图3A至图3C，也即中间缓冲件32的内外表面均为锥形面，为平滑过渡的结构，中间缓冲件32的直径从上向下逐渐缩小，直径变化是平滑过渡的。内支撑件31的外表面与中间缓冲件32的内表面贴合，也为锥形面，外支撑件33的内表面与中间缓冲件32的外表面贴合，也为锥形面。
优选地，本发明中的中间缓冲件32为橡胶，内支撑件31、中间缓冲件32和外支撑件32经硫化成为一体，整个阻尼单元3为一个整体。
在上述任一技术方案及其相互组合的基础上，本发明在此提供另一种结构，如图5所示，为阻尼单元3另一种结构的正视剖面图；中间缓冲件32呈环形的阶梯状，中间缓冲件32的直径从上向下逐渐缩小，但缩小是突变的，整体具有由上向下缩小的趋势。同样地，内支撑件31的外表面与中间缓冲件32的内表面贴合紧压，为阶梯面，外支撑件33的内表面与中间缓冲件32的外表面接触，也为阶梯面。内支撑件31的内表面和外支撑件33的外表面的形状可根据需要相应设定。图5所示设置两处台阶结构，根据需要也可设置更多数量的台阶，这些具体的实施例本发明在此不再一一赘述。
本发明还提供一种悬挂式单轨列车，包括上述任一项的列车悬挂装置，该悬挂式单轨列车可实现相同的技术效果。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理，可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示 的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，包括吊装杆(1)和连接座(2)，所述吊装杆(1)的顶端连接于转向架，底部安装所述连接座(2)；
    用于连接枕梁(4)和所述连接座(2)的阻尼单元(3)从内到外包括依次相互套装的内支撑件(31)、中间缓冲件(32)和外支撑件(33)，硬质的所述内支撑件(31)的外壁和所述外支撑件(33)的内壁径向尺寸沿竖向从一端向另一端逐渐缩小，可弹性变形的所述中间缓冲件(32)夹装于所述内支撑件(31)和所述外支撑件(33)之间；
    所述内支撑件(31)和所述外支撑件(33)中的其中一个与连接座(2)相连接，另一个与所述枕梁(4)相连，使所述内支撑件(31)和所述外支撑件(33)具有相对靠近的趋势。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述连接座(2)上开设竖向贯通的承托孔(21)，所述承托孔(21)用于限位安装所述外支撑件(33)；所述内支撑件(31)的外壁和所述外支撑件(33)的内壁径向尺寸从上向下逐渐缩小；所述内支撑件(31)与所述枕梁(4)相对固定。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述承托孔(21)的底部设置环形的承托板(22)，所述承托板(22)从底部支撑所述外支撑件(33)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述承托孔(21)的内壁垂直于水平面；所述承托孔(21)的内壁设置承托台阶(23)，所述承托台阶(23)用于与所述外支撑件(33)外表面凸出的外台阶(331)配合支撑。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述枕梁(4)上安装联结筒(41)，所述联结筒(41)的内壁设置内螺纹，与所述内支撑件(31)通过螺纹连接固定。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述内支撑件(31)的顶部覆盖设置盖板(51)，所述盖板(51)的中部贯穿设置联结螺栓(52)，所述联结螺栓(52)的螺柱插入所述联结筒(41)内螺纹连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述联结筒(41) 的顶端高于所述枕梁(4)的上表面，所述内支撑件(31)的底部围绕中心的通孔向下凸出设置限位环(311)，所述限位环(311)能够插入所述联结筒(41)内；
    所述联结筒(41)顶端的上接触面(411)和所述内支撑件(31)底部的下接触面(312)为相互配合的精加工面。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述枕梁(4)的上表面与所述连接座(2)下表面的间距为5～10mm；所述联结筒(41)与所述枕梁(4)焊接固定，且所述联结筒(41)的外表面底部设置环形的能够承托所述枕梁(4)下表面的凸沿。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述盖板(51)的底部中间向下凸出设置限位台，所述限位台插入所述内支撑件(31)的内腔中，并能够与所述内支撑件(31)的内壁接触限位。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述中间缓冲件(32)呈锥筒形，所述内支撑件(31)的外表面和所述外支撑件(33)的内表面为锥形面。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述中间缓冲件(32)为橡胶，所述内支撑件(31)、所述中间缓冲件(32)和所述外支撑件(33)经硫化成为一体。
  12. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的列车悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述中间缓冲件(32)呈环形的阶梯状，所述内支撑件(31)的外表面和所述外支撑件(33)的内表面为与所述中间缓冲件(32)配合紧压的阶梯面。
  13. 一种悬挂式单轨列车，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至12任一项所述的列车悬挂装置。
PCT/CN2019/105378 2019-01-02 2019-09-11 一种列车悬挂装置及悬挂式单轨列车 WO2020140475A1 (zh)

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