WO2020139090A1 - Machine électrique triphasique à flux axial - Google Patents

Machine électrique triphasique à flux axial Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020139090A1
WO2020139090A1 PCT/PE2019/000020 PE2019000020W WO2020139090A1 WO 2020139090 A1 WO2020139090 A1 WO 2020139090A1 PE 2019000020 W PE2019000020 W PE 2019000020W WO 2020139090 A1 WO2020139090 A1 WO 2020139090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
control unit
quadrants
electronic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PE2019/000020
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Gustavo FLORES JIMENEZ
Original Assignee
Universidad César Vallejo S.A.C.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad César Vallejo S.A.C. filed Critical Universidad César Vallejo S.A.C.
Publication of WO2020139090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020139090A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos

Definitions

  • AFMM modulated controlled axial flow motor
  • the motor is made up of 2 outer rotors on both sides 212, 2 sets of elongated (ferromagnetic) iron segments 206 and a fixed stator 208 with windings 210. All the mentioned parts have the same axis of rotation.
  • the outer rotor 212 includes several permanent magnets (NdFeB magnets) 204 embedded in it, these have their poles oriented radially outward and inward and interspersed with each other (north, south, north, south poles, etc.). The rotors are adapted to rotate with respect to stator 208.
  • the stator consisting of an iron core and windings will produce a controlled magnetic field that generates movement by interacting with the 2 rotors that have embedded permanent magnets that in turn are interspersed one after the other (north, south, north, south) .
  • It is an axial flow motor comprising a stack of schematically first and second discs (20a, 20b) arranged alternately, with a space between them allowing rotation (20a, 20b):
  • the first disc (20a) is mounted on a shaft rotating (40), while the second disk (20b) is fixed.
  • the first and second discs (20a, 20b) have sectors of magnetic material (200) arranged on one face of the disc (20a, 20b), between each sector (200) there is a radially extending conductor (202) of a conductive path (201) to conduct electric current.
  • the sectors of magnetic material (200) in the first and second discs (20a, 20b) are arranged in a constant angular pitch, this does not mean that the pitch of said sectors in one of the two discs is the same as that of the other .
  • the electric current passes in the conductors (202)
  • the magnetic flux formed is perpendicular to the faces of the discs (20a, 20b) but parallel to the axis of rotation (axial).
  • Axial-flux electric machine with publication number US20130307366 A1 publication type: Application, application number US 13 / 980.390, PCT number PCI / 112012/000038, publication date November 21, 2013, filing date January 24, 2012, priority date January 25, 201 1.
  • the present invention relates to an electric axial flow machine;
  • This machine is composed of a stator provided with at least one flat winding wound on itself that is distributed in several sections of the petal type that is substantially radial with respect to an axis of said rotor.
  • This axial flow electric machine comprises a stator provided with at least one flat winding, arranged radially in the form of a petal; And a rotor that carries a plurality of circumferentially distributed permanent magnets.
  • the rotor is freely connected to the stator and has a radial gap.
  • the invention is within the industrial technical sector of electrical machines, more specifically in relation to axial flow three-phase electrical machines.
  • the invention relates to a three-phase axial flow electric machine (magnetic field is parallel to the axis of rotation) with a disk-shaped inner rotor, a stator divided into segments, a housing that protects and houses components, its control unit.
  • stator is defined (its size cannot be varied) for a given power, and there is no possibility to decrease or increase its stator (number of coils) to adjust to future power demands ; the heat generated in the stator is wasted in the exchange of temperature with the air or coolant.
  • the rotor is generally made of metal and permanent magnets, each magnet is a single piece, which causes it to heat up due to eddy current eddy currents (Joule effect).
  • Most motors use induction or hall effect sensors for their synchronization (rotor position with respect to the stator).
  • a rotor that has embedded alternate permanent magnets and a stator that has a flat winding formed by a plurality of petal-like sections that are radially distributed with respect to an axis of rotation.
  • the petal sections mentioned above create a magnetic field similar to the magnetic fields of individual electromagnets that interact with the permanent magnets of the rotor thanks to the control of its PCB circuit.
  • the main objective of the following invention is to improve the behavior of the electric axial flow machine.
  • each magnet of the rotor in addition to being made of non-metallic material (resin, plastic, wood, melanin, etc.), each magnet of the rotor is made up of thinner magnets, separated by a small very thin insulating layer. ; In this way it is possible to greatly reduce eddy eddy currents (foucault currents) that cause the Joule effect (loss due to heating).
  • the rotor has holes arranged in 3 levels, filled from the outside to the center, the holes of the first level are always radially aligned with magnets of a certain polarity and the holes of the second level will always be radially aligned with a magnet of opposite polarity.
  • the holes of the rotor and the electro-optic matrices of the housing have 3 concentric levels (aligned in imaginary circles) one level will indicate a certain magnetic pole, the other will indicate the opposite magnetic pole and the third level is only to indicate the period of rotation of the rotor of the control unit calculates how many times)
  • the housing has 2 hole arrays on opposite sides, and are designed so that the IR light from the emitting matrix passes through the holes in the rotor towards the receiving matrix (IR radiation is the least energetic in the light spectrum so it is low power consumption), and then this signal goes to the electronic control unit for processing.
  • IR radiation is the least energetic in the light spectrum so it is low power consumption
  • the IR light can only go through one hole at a time, either the first or second level that are involved in the movement (not consider the hole of the third level, since it is only to know the period and does not intervene in the movement).
  • the stator is cooled by liquid enclosed in a structure in the form of an interior, which has Peltier cells on its walls, where one of the faces is directed inwards in the direction of the stator, absorbing the heat from the stator. and the other face is towards the outside being cooled by the circulating air from the outside, which creates the conditions for the Seebeck effect.
  • Peltier cells connected in series to increase the voltage, these are connected to the electronic control unit PCB.
  • stator casing contains Optical sensors for this purpose (IR LEDs and IR phototransistor) incorporated in the stator casing.
  • the stator can also increase axially, stacking adjacent stators while alternating stator and rotor.
  • the stator winding is vertical (common) helical, which enables direct winding.
  • One pole is wrapped in one direction while the opposite pole in the front is wrapped in the opposite direction, to form opposite poles.
  • the battery is made up of a set of supercapacitors connected in series and in parallel, this charge is managed by the electronic control unit which, by means of frequency modulation in the opening and closing of a coil, is regulated the voltage, keeping it stable, according to the programming of the microcontroller of the electronic control unit.
  • the voltage varies according to the number of stator quadrants used.
  • the electronic control unit incorporates regenerative brake algorithms, auto-configuration according to the number of built-in stator quadrants, voltage regulation through the control of a boost regulator incorporated in the PCB, configuration for different uses (drone motor, bicycle motor , motor, wheelchair, pruning shear, electric generator, etc.), in this way you will no longer have to buy another control unit, it simply adapts automatically, it is just a matter of choosing the configuration shown on the LCD.
  • the generator mode is the one that allows you to generate electric current, rectifying and regulating it.
  • the electronic control unit is enclosed in a passenger compartment, cooled by mineral oil, this room on its walls has Peltier cells that perform the same function as the Peltier cells of the stator compartment (electricity generation Seebeck effect).
  • the electronic control unit is a circuit programmed in machine language that manages all the functions of the motor. These functions are:
  • Motor control function It is in charge of controlling the movement of the rotor, for which the control unit processes those coming from the receiving electroscopic matrix (the one that houses the phototransistors) and the speed variation potentiometer; the control unit responds by controlling the IR2110 mosfet drivers using PWM (pulse width modulation), which control the power stage mosfet transistors which is a double H bridge, arranged in 3 branches or lines of pairs of transistors (each branch contains a pair of these transistors), each branch will control one phase of the 3 by opening or closing the power transistors.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • Energy regeneration control fundon It is in charge of controlling energy regeneration, this is done by disabling all the mosfet transistors of the power stage (opening power transistors) and enabling the mosfet transistors of the regenerative stage (closed transistors) so that lead what is generated by the electric machine that is in generator mode to the accumulator battery.
  • the algorithms allow when the regenerative brake in the cases when it decelerates, it is braked and when the digital acceierometer-gyroscope sensor detects a slope.
  • Parameter display function It is in charge of showing the physical parameters of the motor such as temperature, frequency, linear speed, angular speed, period (from this the frequency, linear and angular speed are obtained), on an LCD screen and by via RS232 bus and USB.
  • Voltage regulation function by PWM boost converter It is the one that constantly tests the voltage in the battery (supercapacitors) in such a way that, if it drops or rises, immediately the control unit will proceed to raise or lower the PWM pulses in the converter respective boosts until a preset voltage value is reached and held there.
  • the control unit manages the electric current generated in the Pelier cells when the Seebeck phenomenon occurs where the heat exchange process is carried out in a normal way, but part of this heat is converted into electric current. All of this is controlled by the Engine Control Unit.
  • the electronic control unit has a port and RS232 communication protocols, USB through which it makes communication with other devices possible. Coupling of the electrical machine in other systems where its use is required is very easy; due to its circular shape, it is coupled to any type of circular driving geometry (wheel, pulley, gear, etc.), it also has a high torque (motor torque) due to its large diameter compared to radial flow electric machines that have a radius very short.
  • motor torque motor torque
  • FIG. 1 Top side view of the disassembled rotor
  • Fig. 2 Side view of the armed rotor
  • Fig. 3 Top side view of a steel sheet that forms the ring type stator quadrant
  • FIG. 4 Lateral top view of a ring type stator quadrant
  • FIG. 5 Side top view of a steel sheet that forms the crown type stator quadrant
  • Fig. 6 Side top view of a crown type stator quadrant
  • FIG. 7 Top side view of a stator quadrant
  • FIG. 8 Top side view of a stator winding quadrant
  • FIG. 9 Top side view of six pairs of opposite stator coils A, A ’, B, B’, C, C ’,
  • Fig. 10 Top side view of the disassembly of a passenger compartment containing a wound stator segment
  • FIG. 11 Top side view of the container compartment of a wound stator segment
  • Fig. 12 Top side view of the passenger compartment containing a winding stator quadrant inside
  • FIG. 13 Top side view of 4 stator quadrants contained in their respective rooms
  • FIG. 14 Top side view of 4 stator quadrants contained in their respective rooms and the rotor, Fig. 15 Side bottom view of the upper and lower casing covers,
  • Fig. 16 Bottom side view of the opto electronic cabin or housing the, IR leds (emitter) or IR phototransistors (receiver),
  • Fig. 17 Top side view of the electronic opium compartment that houses the IR LEDs (emitter) or IR phototransistors (receiver),
  • FIG. 19 Top side view of the housing, stator, rotor, connection cables, control unit and battery, disassembled,
  • FIG. 20 Top side view of the housings, stator, rotor, connections, control unit and battery, assembled,
  • Fig. 21 Top view of the control unit.
  • Fig. 22 Details the logic that is programmed into the microcontroller only for rotor movement.
  • the holes 1, 2, 3 are distributed in 3 concentric levels (as indicated by the dotted reference circles), the holes in the two most eccentric levels 1, 3 will serve to identify the polarity of the radially aligned magnet (as indicated by the reference dotted radii 1 1), the hole of the least eccentric level 2 is only to measure the period (the control unit calculates this magnitude and others such as linear, circular, frequency, angular velocity), the magnetic poles 4 are formed by 5 magnets stacked on top of each other and separated by a thin layer of insulation to reduce the Joule effect, these poles are housed in spaces 6 of the rotor body itself, the depressions 5 containing the bearings 10, are made On both sides of the rotor and separated by a layer of broken material (plastic resin), on top are the bushings 9, passing the entire rotor is the threaded shaft 7 and thread 8 to ensure the con together.
  • the control unit calculates this magnitude and others such as linear, circular, frequency, angular velocity
  • the magnetic poles 4 are formed by 5 magnets
  • Infrared IR light from the opto-electronic IR emitting compartment (Fig. 16, Fig.17), pass through the holes in the rotor (the rotor only allows light to pass through only one hole at a time) towards the phototransistors of the receiver opium electronic receiver (opposite) that generates the electrical signal that will be processed in the control unit (Fig. 21), which generates signals that open or close the mosfet power transistors for the electrification of the stator coils, so that cause rotor movement.
  • FIG. 4 the aforementioned sheets are shown, in stacked form forming part of a ring type stator quadrant.
  • Fig. 6 the aforementioned sheets are shown, in stacked form forming part of a crown type stator quadrant.
  • a stator quadrant is shown formed by two crown type quadrants 1, 3 and one ring type 2, the holes already with their rivets in the holes 4 that hold the assembly, in one quadrant there will always be 1 empty hole per which will only pass a clamping bolt (see number 4 of Fig. 20), in the FlgS a stator quadrant already wound and a pair of coils 4 that will form opposite poles when electrified, since a coil is wound in one direction and the other coil is wound in the opposite direction, at the end the terminations of the coil wires 1, 2, 3 are observed.
  • Fig. 20 a stator quadrant already wound and a pair of coils 4 that will form opposite poles when electrified, since a coil is wound in one direction and the other coil is wound in the opposite direction, at the end the terminations of the coil wires 1, 2, 3 are observed.
  • a distribution scheme of connected stator quadrant coils is shown in star, the entrance of electricity through the terminals of enameled wire 1 (eA, eB, eC) the terminal of the common neutral N, the coils 4 (A, B, C) have in front their opposite coils 5 (A ', B ', C') wound in the opposite direction 3 to obtain the opposite pole or, in this way, when the stator's magnetic field interacts with the rotor's magnetic poles, the phenomenon of flattening of the magnetic lines and minimum dynamic load on the bearings will be achieved.
  • Fig. 10 the container compartment of the segment of a stator quadrant is shown in detail, which will also contain insulating liquid and coolant, in order to standardize the internal temperature of the stator, the covers of the cabin 1 type female on the left and male On the right, which are removed as more quadrants are added as the compartments are also designed as male and female to fit one after the other, there are 5 square holes, to house the Peltler 2 cells (previously packed with glue for fixing and sealing), the Peltier cells housed are connected in series to increase the voltage that is evident in the terminal cables 6, the electricity produced by the Seebeck effect (thermoelectric phenomenon) is manifested when a face of the Peltier seal in contact with the interior of the passenger compartment that is at a higher temperature than the face that is in contact with the exterior, the upper and lower structures of the passenger compartment 3 have the shape of teeth 7 that fit into the final terminations of the stator that have Tooth-shaped, the same ones that exit through the grooves 9 of the side walls of the passenger compartment 4, also the upper and lower faces 3 have
  • FIG. 11 shows the closed compartment with the Peltier cells 2 coupled in their places 5, their respective terminals 6 (e +, e-).
  • the compartment 1 is shown containing the stator segment 2 with its electrification terminals of the coils eA, eB, eC, and of the electricity generated by the Peltier cells e +, e-; inside the cabin there is a liquid that cools and uniformizes the interior temperature of the stator.
  • Fig. 13 four stator quadrants 2 shown in their respective rooms are shown, coupled one after the other 1 forming a complete circle, the conductive cables are grouped in a single cluster covered by a sheath 3.
  • Four quadrants 2 plus rotor 1, spacer bushing 4 and bearing 4 (which is little appreciated, but which we mentioned earlier in Fig. 1 with the number 10) show.
  • the electropic compartment Fig. 16, Fig. 17, composed of a male 1 (this forms part of the body of the housing) and female 2 that fit together;
  • the female structure has cavities 5b that serve to house the phototransistors or LEDs depending on whether the Opto electronic compartment is receiver or emitter respectively (photo-transisors and IR LEDs have the same dimension), it also has holes 5a for the input or output of IR signal, also cavities in the form of cylindrical holes 6 to fit the male 2 piles, this works as a guide for assembly and fixation; it also has cubic holes 4 on the sides where the lateral extensions of the plug 3 fit for mutual coupling;
  • the male structure has the holes 1 through which the pins of the phototransistors or IR LEDs come out, piles 2 that serve as a guide for assembly and fixing, it also has lateral cubic extensions 3 for assembly and fixing.
  • Fig. 19 shows the upper and lower casings 5, anchor holes 6, power cable exit holes 7, rubber cap for sealing the exit hole of the power cables 8, square ventilation holes for Peltier cells 9, central hole for axis 10, rotor 11, stator 13, container housing for stator quadrant 14, thin ilga cable 12 containing cables that carry signals from an opto electronic compartment to the control unit 16, signal cables 17, power cable 15, battery of supercapacitors 9 connected in series and in parallel (you can also connect another type of battery, for example: lithium ion, lead acid, etc.).
  • Fig. 20 shows the machine fully assembled, housing, rotor and stator assembly 1, the battery of supercapacitors 2, power cables 3 and bolts with their respective nut 4 to hold the entire assembly and for the machine to be attach to another structure for use.
  • the electronic control unit shown in Fig. 21, is in charge of managing the functions described above, this previously programmed circuit is protected inside the casing.
  • Fig. 22 details the logic that is programmed into the microcontroller only for rotor movement. Reading from left to right we find STATE is the state in which are the memory, coils, opto sensors. COILS (A, B, C) are the producers of the magnetic poles, they only have two north or south states symbolized by N or S respectively. OPTO SENSORS are the six phototransistors in the opto-electronic passenger compartment (see Fig. 16 and Fig.
  • LAN is the phototransistor corresponding to coil A in the north level
  • LAS is the phototransistor corresponding to coil A at the southern level
  • LBN is the phototransistor corresponding to coil B at the northern level
  • LBS is the phototransistor corresponding to coil B at the southern level
  • LCN is the phototransistor corresponding to coil C at the north level
  • LCS is the phototransistor corresponding to coil C at the south level
  • TRANSISTORS are power transistors that open or close the circuit to electrify the stator coils to produce magnetic poles that inract with the magnetic poles of the rotor magnets to generate im motion: are numbers stored in the memory of the
  • control unit checks the Mm memory to find the position in which the rotor was last found in relation to the stator coils A, B, C, then the control unit sends the switching to the base of the power transistors al, a2, b1, b2, d, c2, as indicated by the logic table in Fig.

Abstract

L'invention concerne le secteur industriel, précisément la génération d'électricité et de mouvement. L'invention concerne a une machine électrique triphasique à flux axial (champ magnétique parallèle à l'axe de rotation) avec un rotor intérieur en forme de disque, un stator divisé en quadrants, un boîtier qui protège et loge des composants, son unité de commande. Cette machine fournit une partie de la chaleur normalement générée par l'effet joule dans le stator et l'unité de commande la convertit en courant électrique que la machine consomme à nouveau pour son fonctionnement. Pour obtenir moins de perte par l'effet Joule, le rotor en plus d'être constitué de matériau non métallique, chaque aimant du rotor est formé d'aimants plus minces empilés et séparés par une petite couche isolante plus mince, ce qui permet de beaucoup diminuer les courants de Foucault qui provoquent des pertes énergétiques. Le rotor présente des orifices disposés sur 3 niveaux, allant de l'extérieur vers le centre, les orifices du premier et du second niveau sont alignés suivant le pôle des aimants. Ses orifices sont traversés par la lumière infrarouge provenant de la matrice émettrice vers la matrice réceptrice qui génère un signal électrique qui est interprété par l'unité de commande électrique qui électrifie et désactive les bobines respectives pour parvenir au mouvement du rotor. L'orifice du niveau le moins excentrique sert uniquement à compter les révolutions. Le stator est divisé en 4 quadrants, le nombre de quadrants à utiliser est fonction de la puissance requise, le stator peut également augmenter axialement, empilant des stators contigüs qui alternent à la fois dans le stator et le rotor. Pour parvenir à un processus rapide de charge, sa batterie est composée d'un ensemble de supracondensateurs, la charge est gérée par l'unité de commande électronique qui régule la tension, la maintenant stable, en fonction du nombre de quadrants utilisés, la tension varie selon le nombre de quadrants du stator utilisés. L'unité de commande électronique comprend des algorithmes de gestion destinés au freinage régénératif, à l'autoconfiguration selon le nombre de quadrants du stator incorporés, à la régulation de la tension, à la configuration pour des utilisations différentes (moteur de drone, moteur de bicyclette, moteur de chaise roulante, tondeuse, générateur électrique etc.). Ainsi, seule la configuration présentée sur LCD est sélectionnée et l'unité de commande s'adapte automatiquement.
PCT/PE2019/000020 2018-12-28 2019-12-27 Machine électrique triphasique à flux axial WO2020139090A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PE002777-2017/DIN 2018-12-28
PE2017002777 2018-12-28

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WO2020139090A1 true WO2020139090A1 (fr) 2020-07-02

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111942158A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-17 浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种制动能量回收装置、系统、车辆及能量回收方法
WO2023202848A1 (fr) * 2022-04-21 2023-10-26 Ams-Osram International Gmbh Ensemble électromoteur de filage et procédé de fonctionnement d'un ensemble électromoteur de filage

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140265653A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Regal Beloit Australia Pty Ltd. Axial flux electric machine and methods of assembling the same
CN107453495A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-08 江苏和晖电动工具有限公司 一种无铁芯轴向磁通电机定子及其制造方法
CN108683313A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-10-19 河北工业大学 一种高功率密度高效率的轴向磁通永磁电机

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140265653A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Regal Beloit Australia Pty Ltd. Axial flux electric machine and methods of assembling the same
CN107453495A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2017-12-08 江苏和晖电动工具有限公司 一种无铁芯轴向磁通电机定子及其制造方法
CN108683313A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-10-19 河北工业大学 一种高功率密度高效率的轴向磁通永磁电机

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111942158A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-11-17 浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种制动能量回收装置、系统、车辆及能量回收方法
CN111942158B (zh) * 2020-07-09 2022-04-12 浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种制动能量回收装置、系统、车辆及能量回收方法
WO2023202848A1 (fr) * 2022-04-21 2023-10-26 Ams-Osram International Gmbh Ensemble électromoteur de filage et procédé de fonctionnement d'un ensemble électromoteur de filage

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