WO2020139090A1

WO2020139090A1 - Three-phase axial-flow electric motor

Info

Publication number: WO2020139090A1
Application number: PCT/PE2019/000020
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gustavo FLORES JIMENEZ
Original assignee: Universidad César Vallejo S.A.C.
Priority date: 2018-12-28
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-07-02

Abstract

The invention falls within the industrial sector, specifically the generation of electricity and movement. The invention relates to a three-phase axial-flow electric motor (the magnetic field is parallel to the rotation axis) with a disc-shaped internal rotor, a stator divided into quadrants, a casing which protects and houses components, and its control unit. This motor utilises part of the heat normally generated in the stator and the control unit due to the Joule effect, converting it into electrical current, which the motor re-uses for the operation thereof. To achieve less loss due to the Joule effect, the rotor is made from a non-metallic material, and in addition, each magnet of the rotor is formed by very thin superimposed magnets separated by a very thin layer of insulation, thus achieving a considerable reduction in the eddy currents which cause energy losses. The rotor features orifices disposed at three levels, from the exterior toward the centre; the orifices of the first and second levels will align radially according to the pole of the magnets; the infrared light from the emitter matrix will pass through these orifices toward the receiver matrix, which generates an electrical signal that will be interpreted by the electronic control unit which electrifies and disables the respective coils to achieve the movement of the rotor. The function of the orifice at the least eccentric level is merely to count the revolutions. The stator is divided into 4 quadrants; the number of quadrants employed will be in accordance with the power required; the stator may also be axially increased, stacking adjacent stators while alternating stator and rotor. To achieve a rapid charging process, its battery is comprised of an array of super-condensers; the charging is managed by the electronic control unit, which regulates the voltage, maintaining the stability thereof in accordance with the number of quadrants employed; the voltage varies in accordance with the number of stator quadrants employed. The electronic control unit incorporates management algorithms, these being: for the regenerative brake, auto-configuration depending on the number of stator quadrants incorporated, voltage regulation, configuration for different uses (drone motor, bicycle motor, wheelchair, lawnmower, electrical generator, etc.); thus, only the configuration displayed on the LCD is selected, and the control unit adjusts automatically.

Description

THREE PHASE AXIAL FLOW ELECTRIC MACHINE.

BACKGROUND

Axial-flux electric machine with publication number US 20120212085 A1, publication type: Application, application number US 13 / 030.1 13, publication date August 23, 2012, filing date Feb 17, 201 1, priority date Feb 17,

201 1.

It is a modulated controlled axial flow motor (AFMM) that in principle has a three-phase winding composed of three pairs of poles that produce a rotating magnetic field in an axial direction (parallel to the axis of common rotation). Looking at Figure 2 the motor is made up of 2 outer rotors on both sides 212, 2 sets of elongated (ferromagnetic) iron segments 206 and a fixed stator 208 with windings 210. All the mentioned parts have the same axis of rotation. The outer rotor 212 includes several permanent magnets (NdFeB magnets) 204 embedded in it, these have their poles oriented radially outward and inward and interspersed with each other (north, south, north, south poles, etc.). The rotors are adapted to rotate with respect to stator 208.

The stator consisting of an iron core and windings will produce a controlled magnetic field that generates movement by interacting with the 2 rotors that have embedded permanent magnets that in turn are interspersed one after the other (north, south, north, south) .

Axial flux motor and generator assemblies with publication number US2011029151 1 A1, publication type: Application, application number US 13 / 133.325, PCI number PCT / GB2Q09 / 002898, publication date 1 December 201 1, filing date December 16, 2009, priority date December 16, 2008. /

It is an axial flow motor comprising a stack of schematically first and second discs (20a, 20b) arranged alternately, with a space between them allowing rotation (20a, 20b): The first disc (20a) is mounted on a shaft rotating (40), while the second disk (20b) is fixed. The first and second discs (20a, 20b) have sectors of magnetic material (200) arranged on one face of the disc (20a, 20b), between each sector (200) there is a radially extending conductor (202) of a conductive path (201) to conduct electric current. The sectors of magnetic material (200) in the first and second discs (20a, 20b) are arranged in a constant angular pitch, this does not mean that the pitch of said sectors in one of the two discs is the same as that of the other . When the electric current passes in the conductors (202), the magnetic flux formed is perpendicular to the faces of the discs (20a, 20b) but parallel to the axis of rotation (axial).

Axial-flux electric machine with publication number US20130307366 A1, publication type: Application, application number US 13 / 980.390, PCT number PCI / 112012/000038, publication date November 21, 2013, filing date January 24, 2012, priority date January 25, 201 1.

The present invention relates to an electric axial flow machine; This machine is composed of a stator provided with at least one flat winding wound on itself that is distributed in several sections of the petal type that is substantially radial with respect to an axis of said rotor.

This axial flow electric machine comprises a stator provided with at least one flat winding, arranged radially in the form of a petal; And a rotor that carries a plurality of circumferentially distributed permanent magnets. The rotor is freely connected to the stator and has a radial gap.

DESCRIPTION

Technical Sa sector

The invention is within the industrial technical sector of electrical machines, more specifically in relation to axial flow three-phase electrical machines.

The invention relates to a three-phase axial flow electric machine (magnetic field is parallel to the axis of rotation) with a disk-shaped inner rotor, a stator divided into segments, a housing that protects and houses components, its control unit.

State of the art

Currently most axial flow electric motors, the stator is defined (its size cannot be varied) for a given power, and there is no possibility to decrease or increase its stator (number of coils) to adjust to future power demands ; the heat generated in the stator is wasted in the exchange of temperature with the air or coolant. The rotor is generally made of metal and permanent magnets, each magnet is a single piece, which causes it to heat up due to eddy current eddy currents (Joule effect). Most motors use induction or hall effect sensors for their synchronization (rotor position with respect to the stator).

The closest prior art is known from publication US20120212085A1. In this publication two outer rotors on both sides and one inner stator are disclosed. Each silicon steel rotor houses permanent magnets and is arranged in front of the stator; the stator is made up of a silicon steel disc and has individual sectors of this material embedded on both sides, between which is a thick conductor (3 windings for being a three-phase machine).

From publication US20130307366 A1 a rotor is known that has embedded alternate permanent magnets and a stator that has a flat winding formed by a plurality of petal-like sections that are radially distributed with respect to an axis of rotation. The petal sections mentioned above create a magnetic field similar to the magnetic fields of individual electromagnets that interact with the permanent magnets of the rotor thanks to the control of its PCB circuit.

From the publication US201 10291511A1 a stack of stators (fixed disks) and rotors (mobile disks) are alternately arranged, there being a space between them that allows the rotors to rotate. The rotor discs are mounted on a rotating shaft, while the stators are fixed; both have sectors of magnetic material arranged in their faces and between each sector there is a conductor that extends radially, in this way when the electric current passes through the conductors, the magnetic flux formed is perpendicular to the faces of the discs, but parallel to the axis of rotation (axial).

Against this the main objective of the following invention is to improve the behavior of the electric axial flow machine.

This object is solved according to the invention by the characteristics of claim 1.

In order to achieve less loss due to Joule effect, the rotor, in addition to being made of non-metallic material (resin, plastic, wood, melanin, etc.), each magnet of the rotor is made up of thinner magnets, separated by a small very thin insulating layer. ; In this way it is possible to greatly reduce eddy eddy currents (foucault currents) that cause the Joule effect (loss due to heating).

The rotor has holes arranged in 3 levels, filled from the outside to the center, the holes of the first level are always radially aligned with magnets of a certain polarity and the holes of the second level will always be radially aligned with a magnet of opposite polarity.

The holes of the rotor and the electro-optic matrices of the housing have 3 concentric levels (aligned in imaginary circles) one level will indicate a certain magnetic pole, the other will indicate the opposite magnetic pole and the third level is only to indicate the period of rotation of the rotor of the control unit calculates how many times)

The housing has 2 hole arrays on opposite sides, and are designed so that the IR light from the emitting matrix passes through the holes in the rotor towards the receiving matrix (IR radiation is the least energetic in the light spectrum so it is low power consumption), and then this signal goes to the electronic control unit for processing. When e! rotor begins to rotate between the electro-optic matrices of the housing on both sides of the protective housing, the IR light can only go through one hole at a time, either the first or second level that are involved in the movement (not consider the hole of the third level, since it is only to know the period and does not intervene in the movement).

To improve the efficiency of the machine, the stator is cooled by liquid enclosed in a structure in the form of an interior, which has Peltier cells on its walls, where one of the faces is directed inwards in the direction of the stator, absorbing the heat from the stator. and the other face is towards the outside being cooled by the circulating air from the outside, which creates the conditions for the Seebeck effect. There are several Peltier cells connected in series to increase the voltage, these are connected to the electronic control unit PCB.

To achieve flexibility and scalability in the use of the stator, it is divided into 4 quadrants, depending on the power required, a quadrant will be added gradually, automatically in the control unit it will know how many quadrants there will be at any time because the protective casing contains Optical sensors for this purpose (IR LEDs and IR phototransistor) incorporated in the stator casing.

The stator can also increase axially, stacking adjacent stators while alternating stator and rotor.

According to the invention, the stator winding is vertical (common) helical, which enables direct winding. One pole is wrapped in one direction while the opposite pole in the front is wrapped in the opposite direction, to form opposite poles. To connect one stator to another, only the adjacent connectors are connected with their specific label eA, eB, eC, shown in Fig. 12.

To achieve a fast charging process, its battery is made up of a set of supercapacitors connected in series and in parallel, this charge is managed by the electronic control unit which, by means of frequency modulation in the opening and closing of a coil, is regulated the voltage, keeping it stable, according to the programming of the microcontroller of the electronic control unit. The voltage varies according to the number of stator quadrants used.

The electronic control unit, incorporates regenerative brake algorithms, auto-configuration according to the number of built-in stator quadrants, voltage regulation through the control of a boost regulator incorporated in the PCB, configuration for different uses (drone motor, bicycle motor , motor, wheelchair, pruning shear, electric generator, etc.), in this way you will no longer have to buy another control unit, it simply adapts automatically, it is just a matter of choosing the configuration shown on the LCD. The generator mode is the one that allows you to generate electric current, rectifying and regulating it.

The electronic control unit is enclosed in a passenger compartment, cooled by mineral oil, this room on its walls has Peltier cells that perform the same function as the Peltier cells of the stator compartment (electricity generation Seebeck effect). According to the invention, the electronic control unit is a circuit programmed in machine language that manages all the functions of the motor. These functions are:

Motor control function: It is in charge of controlling the movement of the rotor, for which the control unit processes those coming from the receiving electroscopic matrix (the one that houses the phototransistors) and the speed variation potentiometer; the control unit responds by controlling the IR2110 mosfet drivers using PWM (pulse width modulation), which control the power stage mosfet transistors which is a double H bridge, arranged in 3 branches or lines of pairs of transistors (each branch contains a pair of these transistors), each branch will control one phase of the 3 by opening or closing the power transistors.

Energy regeneration control fundon: It is in charge of controlling energy regeneration, this is done by disabling all the mosfet transistors of the power stage (opening power transistors) and enabling the mosfet transistors of the regenerative stage (closed transistors) so that lead what is generated by the electric machine that is in generator mode to the accumulator battery. The algorithms allow when the regenerative brake in the cases when it decelerates, it is braked and when the digital acceierometer-gyroscope sensor detects a slope.

Parameter display function: It is in charge of showing the physical parameters of the motor such as temperature, frequency, linear speed, angular speed, period (from this the frequency, linear and angular speed are obtained), on an LCD screen and by via RS232 bus and USB.

Voltage regulation function by PWM boost converter: It is the one that constantly tests the voltage in the battery (supercapacitors) in such a way that, if it drops or rises, immediately the control unit will proceed to raise or lower the PWM pulses in the converter respective boosts until a preset voltage value is reached and held there.

Thermal processing coil the control unit manages the electric current generated in the Pelier cells when the Seebeck phenomenon occurs where the heat exchange process is carried out in a normal way, but part of this heat is converted into electric current. All of this is controlled by the Engine Control Unit.

The electronic control unit has a port and RS232 communication protocols, USB through which it makes communication with other devices possible. Coupling of the electrical machine in other systems where its use is required is very easy; due to its circular shape, it is coupled to any type of circular driving geometry (wheel, pulley, gear, etc.), it also has a high torque (motor torque) due to its large diameter compared to radial flow electric machines that have a radius very short. In the following, aspects of the embodiment of the invention of the invention are described in more detail, referring to the drawings.

These show:

Fig. 1 Top side view of the disassembled rotor, Fig. 2 Side view of the armed rotor, Fig. 3 Top side view of a steel sheet that forms the ring type stator quadrant,

Fig. 4 Lateral top view of a ring type stator quadrant,

Fig. 5 Side top view of a steel sheet that forms the crown type stator quadrant, Fig. 6 Side top view of a crown type stator quadrant,

Fig. 7 Top side view of a stator quadrant,

Fig. 8 Top side view of a stator winding quadrant,

Fig. 9 Top side view of six pairs of opposite stator coils A, A ’, B, B’, C, C ’,

Fig. 10 Top side view of the disassembly of a passenger compartment containing a wound stator segment,

Fig. 11 Top side view of the container compartment of a wound stator segment,

Fig. 12 Top side view of the passenger compartment containing a winding stator quadrant inside,

Fig. 13 Top side view of 4 stator quadrants contained in their respective rooms,

Fig. 14 Top side view of 4 stator quadrants contained in their respective rooms and the rotor, Fig. 15 Side bottom view of the upper and lower casing covers,

Fig. 16 Bottom side view of the opto electronic cabin or housing the, IR leds (emitter) or IR phototransistors (receiver),

Fig. 17 Top side view of the electronic opium compartment that houses the IR LEDs (emitter) or IR phototransistors (receiver),

Fig. 18 Top side view of the upper and lower casing covers,

Fig. 19 Top side view of the housing, stator, rotor, connection cables, control unit and battery, disassembled,

Fig. 20 Top side view of the housings, stator, rotor, connections, control unit and battery, assembled,

Fig. 21 Top view of the control unit.

Fig. 22 Details the logic that is programmed into the microcontroller only for rotor movement.

In the figures. 1 and 2 represent the rotor, the holes 1, 2, 3 are distributed in 3 concentric levels (as indicated by the dotted reference circles), the holes in the two most eccentric levels 1, 3 will serve to identify the polarity of the radially aligned magnet (as indicated by the reference dotted radii 1 1), the hole of the least eccentric level 2 is only to measure the period (the control unit calculates this magnitude and others such as linear, circular, frequency, angular velocity), the magnetic poles 4 are formed by 5 magnets stacked on top of each other and separated by a thin layer of insulation to reduce the Joule effect, these poles are housed in spaces 6 of the rotor body itself, the depressions 5 containing the bearings 10, are made On both sides of the rotor and separated by a layer of broken material (plastic resin), on top are the bushings 9, passing the entire rotor is the threaded shaft 7 and thread 8 to ensure the con together. Infrared IR light from the opto-electronic IR emitting compartment (Fig. 16, Fig.17), pass through the holes in the rotor (the rotor only allows light to pass through only one hole at a time) towards the phototransistors of the receiver opium electronic receiver (opposite) that generates the electrical signal that will be processed in the control unit (Fig. 21), which generates signals that open or close the mosfet power transistors for the electrification of the stator coils, so that cause rotor movement. The steel sheet that forms the ring type stator quadrant Fig. 3, where there are six holes, five for the entry of rivets necessary for packaging and 1 for the entry of the fixing bolt, which serves to make the machine fit firmly the machine to another Ig support structure which will be used. In Fig. 4, the aforementioned sheets are shown, in stacked form forming part of a ring type stator quadrant.

The steel sheet that forms the crown type stator quadrant Fig. 5, where there are 6 holes, five for the entry of rivets necessary for packaging and 1 for the entry of the fixing bolt, which serves to make the machine fit firmly. to another support structure in which it will be used. In Fig. 6, the aforementioned sheets are shown, in stacked form forming part of a crown type stator quadrant.

In Fig. 7, a stator quadrant is shown formed by two crown type quadrants 1, 3 and one ring type 2, the holes already with their rivets in the holes 4 that hold the assembly, in one quadrant there will always be 1 empty hole per which will only pass a clamping bolt (see number 4 of Fig. 20), in the FlgS a stator quadrant already wound and a pair of coils 4 that will form opposite poles when electrified, since a coil is wound in one direction and the other coil is wound in the opposite direction, at the end the terminations of the coil wires 1, 2, 3 are observed. In Fig. 9 a distribution scheme of connected stator quadrant coils is shown in star, the entrance of electricity through the terminals of enameled wire 1 (eA, eB, eC) the terminal of the common neutral N, the coils 4 (A, B, C) have in front their opposite coils 5 (A ', B ', C') wound in the opposite direction 3 to obtain the opposite pole or, in this way, when the stator's magnetic field interacts with the rotor's magnetic poles, the phenomenon of flattening of the magnetic lines and minimum dynamic load on the bearings will be achieved.

In Fig. 10 the container compartment of the segment of a stator quadrant is shown in detail, which will also contain insulating liquid and coolant, in order to standardize the internal temperature of the stator, the covers of the cabin 1 type female on the left and male On the right, which are removed as more quadrants are added as the compartments are also designed as male and female to fit one after the other, there are 5 square holes, to house the Peltler 2 cells (previously packed with glue for fixing and sealing), the Peltier cells housed are connected in series to increase the voltage that is evident in the terminal cables 6, the electricity produced by the Seebeck effect (thermoelectric phenomenon) is manifested when a face of the Peltier seal in contact with the interior of the passenger compartment that is at a higher temperature than the face that is in contact with the exterior, the upper and lower structures of the passenger compartment 3 have the shape of teeth 7 that fit into the final terminations of the stator that have Tooth-shaped, the same ones that exit through the grooves 9 of the side walls of the passenger compartment 4, also the upper and lower faces 3 have channels 8 where the side walls 4 fit.

In figure Fig; 11 shows the closed compartment with the Peltier cells 2 coupled in their places 5, their respective terminals 6 (e +, e-). In Fig. 12 the compartment 1 is shown containing the stator segment 2 with its electrification terminals of the coils eA, eB, eC, and of the electricity generated by the Peltier cells e +, e-; inside the cabin there is a liquid that cools and uniformizes the interior temperature of the stator. In Fig. 13 four stator quadrants 2 shown in their respective rooms are shown, coupled one after the other 1 forming a complete circle, the conductive cables are grouped in a single cluster covered by a sheath 3. In Figure 14, Four quadrants 2 plus rotor 1, spacer bushing 4 and bearing 4 (which is little appreciated, but which we mentioned earlier in Fig. 1 with the number 10) show.

The housings Fig. 15, Fig. 18, bottom and top 5, in addition to fulfilling the protection function, also fulfill other functions according to their structures consisting of: opto-electronic cabinets 1, 2 for the emission and reception of IR, piles of fixing 3 that serve to tie the internal conductive cables to them so as not to let them loose, fasteners 4 of the electronic board fix the electronic board to the body of the housing, the profile of the V-shaped fixing structures allows the electronic board to enter under certain pushing pressure and not letting it out (it can only come out with a human maneuver), 6 anchor holes through which bolts pass through the rotor in order to hold the entire assembly while fixing the electric machine to other structures where its use is required (for example fixing to the frame of a bicycle), hole through which the electrical conductors 7 exit, which is sealed by a rubber plug 8, which is removable, holes ventilation 9 of the Peltier cells, central hole 10 through which the axis will pass. Both sides have the same parts, giving the option of locating the mobile parts (emitting or receiving electro-electric cabin, control unit, power cables) on either side depending on the convenience of use.

The electropic compartment Fig. 16, Fig. 17, composed of a male 1 (this forms part of the body of the housing) and female 2 that fit together; the female structure has cavities 5b that serve to house the phototransistors or LEDs depending on whether the Opto electronic compartment is receiver or emitter respectively (photo-transisors and IR LEDs have the same dimension), it also has holes 5a for the input or output of IR signal, also cavities in the form of cylindrical holes 6 to fit the male 2 piles, this works as a guide for assembly and fixation; it also has cubic holes 4 on the sides where the lateral extensions of the plug 3 fit for mutual coupling; The male structure has the holes 1 through which the pins of the phototransistors or IR LEDs come out, piles 2 that serve as a guide for assembly and fixing, it also has lateral cubic extensions 3 for assembly and fixing.

In Fig. 19, almost all the parts mentioned above are distinguished, the upper and lower casings 5, anchor holes 6, power cable exit holes 7, rubber cap for sealing the exit hole of the power cables 8, square ventilation holes for Peltier cells 9, central hole for axis 10, rotor 11, stator 13, container housing for stator quadrant 14, thin ilga cable 12 containing cables that carry signals from an opto electronic compartment to the control unit 16, signal cables 17, power cable 15, battery of supercapacitors 9 connected in series and in parallel (you can also connect another type of battery, for example: lithium ion, lead acid, etc.). Fig. 20 shows the machine fully assembled, housing, rotor and stator assembly 1, the battery of supercapacitors 2, power cables 3 and bolts with their respective nut 4 to hold the entire assembly and for the machine to be attach to another structure for use.

The electronic control unit shown in Fig. 21, is in charge of managing the functions described above, this previously programmed circuit is protected inside the casing.

Fig. 22 details the logic that is programmed into the microcontroller only for rotor movement. Reading from left to right we find STATE is the state in which are the memory, coils, opto sensors. COILS (A, B, C) are the producers of the magnetic poles, they only have two north or south states symbolized by N or S respectively. OPTO SENSORS are the six phototransistors in the opto-electronic passenger compartment (see Fig. 16 and Fig. 17), responsible for synchronizing the movement of the machine (the only opto located on a less eccentric circular level is not taken into account, since it does not it intervenes in the synchronization of the movement but it only serves as a lap counter) that located in the two most eccentric imaginary circular levels, one level is for the holes that indicate the north pole and the other for those of the pole; for example: LAN is the phototransistor corresponding to coil A in the north level, LAS is the phototransistor corresponding to coil A at the southern level, LBN is the phototransistor corresponding to coil B at the northern level, LBS is the phototransistor corresponding to coil B at the southern level, LCN is the phototransistor corresponding to coil C at the north level, LCS is the phototransistor corresponding to coil C at the south level, TRANSISTORS are power transistors that open or close the circuit to electrify the stator coils to produce magnetic poles that inract with the magnetic poles of the rotor magnets to generate im motion: are numbers stored in the memory of the microcontroller (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) that indicate any of the six possible states in which the Coils, Optotransistors and Power Transistors are found. To start the machine, the control unit checks the Mm memory to find the position in which the rotor was last found in relation to the stator coils A, B, C, then the control unit sends the switching to the base of the power transistors al, a2, b1, b2, d, c2, as indicated by the logic table in Fig. 22, for example: the control unit reads the previous position in the memory that the rotor stayed (READ im) position 5, which corresponds to the binary values of the opto sensors LAN = 0, LAS = 0, LBN = 0, LBS-1, LCN = 0, LCS = 0 then it will send the signal to the base of the power transistors a1 = 1, a2 = 0, b1 = Q, b2 ~ 0, d = 0, c2 = so that the polarization of the coils is A = south, B = zero, C = north , then the rotor will be positioned as indicated by the opto sensors LAN = 1, LA8 = 0, LBN = 0, LBS = 0, LCN = 0, LCS = 0, then the control unit updates the status stored in memory im = 6 successively repeating this m mechanism.

Claims

1. Electric machine uses infrared light to achieve efficiency in its operation.

Characterized in that the infrared light emitted from the opto-electronic passenger compartment emitting Fig. 16, Fig. 17 by the LEDs housed in its cavities 5b, passes through the holes of the rotor Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and reaches the phototransistors housed 5b , in the receiver opto electronic receiver. Using the infrared radiation spectrum will have low energy consumption (the Infrared spectrum is the least energetic of the light spectrum), IR light serves to synchronize the movement of the machine, disregarding inductive sensors that cause electrical noise and also create opposite magnetic fields that they cause forces in the opposite direction to that of movement that slow down the movement, while wasting energy in the form of heat due to the Joule effect.

2. Electric machine uses for its synchronization IR light signals generated by the interruption of the light produced by turning the rotor, characterized in that the opto-electronic rooms have pairs of radially aligned holes (both emitters and receivers); they have a radial distribution equal to that of the stator poles as shown by the dotted lines, each of these pairs of holes coincides with each stator pole so that, when the rotor is rotating, each stator pole has two alternatives of rotor magnetic poles aligned axially in front of it, North or SOUTH depending on the level to which the aligned hole belongs at that moment (note the dotted circles in Fig; 2) since the rotor Fig. 1, Fig. 2 has holes distributed in three concentric levels 1, 2, 3 are distributed in 3 concentric levels (as indicated by the dotted reference circles), the holes of the two most eccentric levels 1, 3 will serve to identify the polarity of the radially aligned magnet (as indicated by the dotted rays of reference 1 1), the hole of the least eccentric level 2 is only to measure the period (the control unit calculates this magnitude and others as linear speed, circulates r, frequency, angular velocity.

3. The electric machine uses multifundon casing lids, characterized in that the casing Fig. 15, Fig. 18 houses detachable electro-optic compartments formed by the male 1 and female 2 structure; the opto-electronic cabinets are the same in their morphology of both the emitter (IR LED diodes) and the receiver (IR phototransistors), as this depends on how the user determines it when assembling it; incorporates into its body clamping piles 3 where the cables of the machine are tied to leave them fixed; it has four electronic plate fasteners (control unit) 4 which are structures whose profile is V-shaped, which fix the electronic board 16 to the housing very firmly; it has 9 square ventilation holes for the Pelíier cells; have a hole with its rubber cap 8 in each cover that will be removed when you want to remove the power cables.

4. The electrical machine transforms part of the residual heat produced by the Joule effect, characterized in that the casing covers Fig. 15, Fig. 18 have ventilation holes 9 for the Peltier cells that expose one face of the Peltier cell so that the ambient air cools it and has a lower temperature (although it may be the opposite), while the internal face has a higher temperature and thus the Seebeck phenomenon (thermoelectric effect) occurs in a better way to generate electricity from the heat differential between both sides of the Peltier cell, which will exit through the terminal cables (see number 6 of Fig. 1 1) so that the part of the heat that is dissipated in the other motors in the environment will be converted into useful electrical current for the operation of machine. The container compartment of the stator quadrant is filled with liquid in order to protect from corrosion, electrically isolate, cool and standardize the temperature in all the quadrant.

5. The electric machine has a rotor where each pole is formed by a stack of magnets, characterized in that The rotor Fig. 1 houses in each space a set formed by several magnets stacked 4 on top of each other, (in this case 5 magnets stacked) and isolated from each other with a micrometric layer of polymer or metallic oxide insulation, to form each pole of the rotor reducing the eddy eddy currents that create magnetic fields against the movement of the rotor, by canceling the eddy currents vortex, energy losses due to heat and loss of magnetic hysteresis will be much less.

6. The electric machine has a stator made up of quadrants that can be coupled to each other, characterized in that in Fig. 12 a stator quadrant 2 is shown, contained in its respective compartment 1 that contains it, it can work in isolation or join with another to achieve more power , since its design of both stator and container interior, only one of the side covers is removed (see number 1 of Fig. 11), either male or female and fit the stator quadrant with the following; this allows the power to vary according to the number of segments used, if there are four stator quadrants Fig. 13 (completing a circle) the power will be approximately 4 times more than that of a single one.

7. The electric machine has compartments containing stator segments, characterized in that E! compartment Fig. 10, Fig. 11 that contains inside the stator quadrant Fig. 12 and a liquid that protects from corrosion, electrically isolate, refrigerate and standardize the temperature throughout, so that the Peltier cells housed in its walls convert the heat generated by the joule effect into electric current by the Seebeck effect; In this way it is avoided that heat is lost dissipating in the air as in other motors, the upper and lower structures of the passenger compartment 3 have the shape of teeth 7 that fit into the final terminations of the stator that have the shape of a tooth, the same that come out Through the grooves 9 of the side walls of the passenger compartment 4, also the upper and lower faces 3 have channels 8 where the side walls 4 fit.

8. The electric machine has a voltage regulating control unit, characterized in that The electronic control unit shown in Fig. 19 and in greater detail in Fig. 21, can regulate the voltage by means of the booís converter stage integrated in its circuit. and administered by microcohtrolador that estees the output voltage for the battery charge, stabilizing it by PWM, this process is recursive; the output voltage for battery charging is directly proportional to the PWM (the higher the PWM, the higher the voltage and the lower the PWM, the lower the voltage). The input electricity to the boots converter stage comes from the Peltier cells and the regenerative brake, while the output electricity from the battery that feeds the system is also controlled by PWM in a boots converter stage, to stabilize the supply voltage.

9. The machine has structures that facilitate easy and quick assembly, disassembly without the need for bolts and nuts. Characterized in that the stator container compartment Fig. 10 and Fig. 1 1 is buildable, it is made up of pieces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 that fit together; the structures called opto-electronic habitats Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 have piles 2 that couple in the depressions 6 as a guide, cubic projections 3 that couple in the depressions 4, housings for the LEDs or phototransistors 5b and holes through which their pins 1; Figs. 15 and Fig. 18 show the clamps 4 that are part of the housing covers that hold the control unit (number 6 of Fig. 19), these clamps make it easy to put on and take off the control unit; the clamping piles shown in Fig. 15, Fig. 18 with the number 3 are part of the covers are designed to tie the cables to their bodies so that they do not move during the operation of the machine.

10. The electric machine has a very thin special flag cable to carry signal from one cover to the other. Characterized in that Fig. 19 shows the very thin flag cable 12 formed by a set of wires wrapped in plastic and an aluminum screen in order to pass between the space between the housing and the stator, this flag cable has the function , take the signal from any of the opto electronic rooms 1, 2 (emitter or receiver) to the control unit 16 for processing. This is covered in aluminum foil, glue and plastic, the aluminum is an electric magnetic shield.

1 1. The electric machine has opposite coils, to decrease dynamic load on the bearings and balance the forces that make the rotor rotate, characterized in that in Fig: 9 the coils 4 (A, B, C) wound on the stator are diagrammed having opposite coils 5 (A ', B', C ') in front of them wound in the opposite direction (for example if A is wound in a clockwise direction, A' will be wound in an anti-clockwise direction) in order to obtain the opposite pole In this way, when the magnetic field of the stator interacts with the magnetic poles of the rotor, the phenomenon of flattening of the magnetic lines, balance of forces and reduction of the dynamic load supported by the bearings will be achieved.